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Bharambe N, Li Z, Seiferth D, Balakrishna AM, Biggin PC, Basak S. Cryo-EM structures of prokaryotic ligand-gated ion channel GLIC provide insights into gating in a lipid environment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2967. [PMID: 38580666 PMCID: PMC10997623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
GLIC, a proton-activated prokaryotic ligand-gated ion channel, served as a model system for understanding the eukaryotic counterparts due to their structural and functional similarities. Despite extensive studies conducted on GLIC, the molecular mechanism of channel gating in the lipid environment requires further investigation. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of nanodisc-reconstituted GLIC at neutral and acidic pH in the resolution range of 2.6 - 3.4 Å. In our apo state at pH 7.5, the extracellular domain (ECD) displays conformational variations compared to the existing apo structures. At pH 4.0, three distinct conformational states (C1, C2 and O states) are identified. The protonated structures exhibit a compacted and counter-clockwise rotated ECD compared with our apo state. A gradual widening of the pore in the TMD is observed upon reducing the pH, with the widest pore in O state, accompanied by several layers of water pentagons. The pore radius and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that the O state represents an open conductive state. We also observe state-dependent interactions between several lipids and proteins that may be involved in the regulation of channel gating. Our results provide comprehensive insights into the importance of lipids impact on gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bharambe
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhuowen Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - David Seiferth
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Philip C Biggin
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandip Basak
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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2
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Chiang J, Chua Z, Chan JY, Sule AA, Loke WH, Lum E, Ong MEH, Graves N, Ngeow J. Strategies to improve implementation of cascade testing in hereditary cancer syndromes: a systematic review. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:26. [PMID: 38570510 PMCID: PMC10991315 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes constitute approximately 10% of all cancers. Cascade testing involves testing of at-risk relatives to determine if they carry the familial pathogenic variant. Despite growing efforts targeted at improving cascade testing uptake, current literature continues to reflect poor rates of uptake, typically below 30%. This study aims to systematically review current literature on intervention strategies to improve cascade testing, assess the quality of intervention descriptions and evaluate the implementation outcomes of listed interventions. We searched major databases using keywords and subject heading of "cascade testing". Interventions proposed in each study were classified according to the Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) taxonomy. Quality of intervention description was assessed using the TIDieR checklist, and evaluation of implementation outcomes was performed using Proctor's Implementation Outcomes Framework. Improvements in rates of genetic testing uptake was seen in interventions across the different EPOC taxonomy strategies. The average TIDieR score was 7.3 out of 12. Items least reported include modifications (18.5%), plans to assess fidelity/adherence (7.4%) and actual assessment of fidelity/adherence (7.4%). An average of 2.9 out of 8 aspects of implementation outcomes were examined. The most poorly reported outcomes were cost, fidelity and sustainability, with only 3.7% of studies reporting them. Most interventions have demonstrated success in improving cascade testing uptake. Uptake of cascade testing was highest with delivery arrangement (68%). However, the quality of description of interventions and assessment of implementation outcomes are often suboptimal, hindering their replication and implementation downstream. Therefore, further adoption of standardized guidelines in reporting of interventions and formal assessment of implementation outcomes may help promote translation of these interventions into routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Chiang
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ziyang Chua
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Chan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ashita Ashish Sule
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wan Hsein Loke
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Elaine Lum
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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3
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Ang DA, Carter JM, Deka K, Tan JHL, Zhou J, Chen Q, Chng WJ, Harmston N, Li Y. Aberrant non-canonical NF-κB signalling reprograms the epigenome landscape to drive oncogenic transcriptomes in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2513. [PMID: 38514625 PMCID: PMC10957915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells establish oncogenic niches within the bone marrow by engaging the NF-κB pathway to nurture their survival while they accumulate pro-proliferative mutations. Under these conditions, many cases eventually develop genetic abnormalities endowing them with constitutive NF-κB activation. Here, we find that sustained NF-κB/p52 levels resulting from such mutations favours the recruitment of enhancers beyond the normal B-cell repertoire. Furthermore, through targeted disruption of p52, we characterise how such enhancers are complicit in the formation of super-enhancers and the establishment of cis-regulatory interactions with myeloma dependencies during constitutive activation of p52. Finally, we functionally validate the pathological impact of these cis-regulatory modules on cell and tumour phenotypes using in vitro and in vivo models, confirming RGS1 as a p52-dependent myeloma driver. We conclude that the divergent epigenomic reprogramming enforced by aberrant non-canonical NF-κB signalling potentiates transcriptional programs beneficial for multiple myeloma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ang
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jean-Michel Carter
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kamalakshi Deka
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Joel H L Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Molecular Biosciences Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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4
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Preedy MK, White MRH, Tergaonkar V. Cellular heterogeneity in TNF/TNFR1 signalling: live cell imaging of cell fate decisions in single cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:202. [PMID: 38467621 PMCID: PMC10928192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to TNF are inherently heterogeneous within an isogenic cell population and across different cell types. TNF promotes cell survival by activating pro-inflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways but may also trigger apoptosis and necroptosis. Following TNF stimulation, the fate of individual cells is governed by the balance of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signalling pathways. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving heterogenous responses to TNF, quantifying TNF/TNFR1 signalling at the single-cell level is crucial. Fluorescence live-cell imaging techniques offer real-time, dynamic insights into molecular processes in single cells, allowing for detection of rapid and transient changes, as well as identification of subpopulations, that are likely to be missed with traditional endpoint assays. Whilst fluorescence live-cell imaging has been employed extensively to investigate TNF-induced inflammation and TNF-induced cell death, it has been underutilised in studying the role of TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway crosstalk in guiding cell-fate decisions in single cells. Here, we outline the various opportunities for pathway crosstalk during TNF/TNFR1 signalling and how these interactions may govern heterogenous responses to TNF. We also advocate for the use of live-cell imaging techniques to elucidate the molecular processes driving cell-to-cell variability in single cells. Understanding and overcoming cellular heterogeneity in response to TNF and modulators of the TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway could lead to the development of targeted therapies for various diseases associated with aberrant TNF/TNFR1 signalling, such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Preedy
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Michael R H White
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, MD7, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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5
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Singhal V, Chou N, Lee J, Yue Y, Liu J, Chock WK, Lin L, Chang YC, Teo EML, Aow J, Lee HK, Chen KH, Prabhakar S. BANKSY unifies cell typing and tissue domain segmentation for scalable spatial omics data analysis. Nat Genet 2024; 56:431-441. [PMID: 38413725 PMCID: PMC10937399 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Spatial omics data are clustered to define both cell types and tissue domains. We present Building Aggregates with a Neighborhood Kernel and Spatial Yardstick (BANKSY), an algorithm that unifies these two spatial clustering problems by embedding cells in a product space of their own and the local neighborhood transcriptome, representing cell state and microenvironment, respectively. BANKSY's spatial feature augmentation strategy improved performance on both tasks when tested on diverse RNA (imaging, sequencing) and protein (imaging) datasets. BANKSY revealed unexpected niche-dependent cell states in the mouse brain and outperformed competing methods on domain segmentation and cell typing benchmarks. BANKSY can also be used for quality control of spatial transcriptomics data and for spatially aware batch effect correction. Importantly, it is substantially faster and more scalable than existing methods, enabling the processing of millions of cell datasets. In summary, BANKSY provides an accurate, biologically motivated, scalable and versatile framework for analyzing spatially resolved omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Singhal
- Spatial and Single Cell Systems Domain, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nigel Chou
- Spatial and Single Cell Systems Domain, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joseph Lee
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yifei Yue
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jinyue Liu
- Spatial and Single Cell Systems Domain, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wan Kee Chock
- Spatial and Single Cell Systems Domain, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Li Lin
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | - Jonathan Aow
- Spatial and Single Cell Systems Domain, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hwee Kuan Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- International Research Laboratory on Artificial Intelligence, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kok Hao Chen
- Spatial and Single Cell Systems Domain, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Spatial and Single Cell Systems Domain, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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6
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Liu M, Gou J, Liu Z, Chen Z, Ye Y, Xu J, Xu X, Zhong D, Eda G, Wee ATS. Phase-selective in-plane heteroepitaxial growth of H-phase CrSe 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1765. [PMID: 38409207 PMCID: PMC10897461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase engineering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) offers opportunities for exploring unique phase-specific properties and achieving new desired functionalities. Here, we report a phase-selective in-plane heteroepitaxial method to grow semiconducting H-phase CrSe2. The lattice-matched MoSe2 nanoribbons are utilized as the in-plane heteroepitaxial template to seed the growth of H-phase CrSe2 with the formation of MoSe2-CrSe2 heterostructures. Scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy studies reveal the atomically sharp heterostructure interfaces and the characteristic defects of mirror twin boundaries emerging in the H-phase CrSe2 monolayers. The type-I straddling band alignments with band bending at the heterostructure interfaces are directly visualized with atomic precision. The mirror twin boundaries in the H-phase CrSe2 exhibit the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior in the confined one-dimensional electronic system. Our work provides a promising strategy for phase engineering of 2D TMDs, thereby promoting the property research and device applications of specific phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhuang Liu
- School of Physics, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jian Gou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zizhao Liu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuliang Ye
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- School of Physics, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Wang B, Wang M, Fan Z, Ma C, Xi S, Chang LY, Zhang M, Ling N, Mi Z, Chen S, Leow WR, Zhang J, Wang D, Lum Y. Nanocurvature-induced field effects enable control over the activity of single-atom electrocatalysts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1719. [PMID: 38409205 PMCID: PMC10897157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuning interfacial electric fields provides a powerful means to control electrocatalyst activity. Importantly, electric fields can modify adsorbate binding energies based on their polarizability and dipole moment, and hence operate independently of scaling relations that fundamentally limit performance. However, implementation of such a strategy remains challenging because typical methods modify the electric field non-uniformly and affects only a minority of active sites. Here we discover that uniformly tunable electric field modulation can be achieved using a model system of single-atom catalysts (SACs). These consist of M-N4 active sites hosted on a series of spherical carbon supports with varying degrees of nanocurvature. Using in-situ Raman spectroscopy with a Stark shift reporter, we demonstrate that a larger nanocurvature induces a stronger electric field. We show that this strategy is effective over a broad range of SAC systems and electrocatalytic reactions. For instance, Ni SACs with optimized nanocurvature achieved a high CO partial current density of ~400 mA cm-2 at >99% Faradaic efficiency for CO2 reduction in acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ziting Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua, China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lo-Yueh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ning Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ziyu Mi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shenghua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua, China
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jia Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua, China
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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8
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Zhang X, Zhong H, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Wu C, Yu J, Ma Y, An H, Wang H, Zou Y, Diao C, Chen J, Yu ZG, Xi S, Wang X, Xue J. High-spin Co 3+ in cobalt oxyhydroxide for efficient water oxidation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1383. [PMID: 38360821 PMCID: PMC10869355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) is a promising catalytic material for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the traditional CoOOH structure, Co3+ exhibits a low-spin state configuration ([Formula: see text]), with electron transfer occurring in face-to-face [Formula: see text] orbitals. In this work, we report the successful synthesis of high-spin state Co3+ CoOOH structure, by introducing coordinatively unsaturated Co atoms. As compared to the low-spin state CoOOH, electron transfer in the high-spin state CoOOH occurs in apex-to-apex [Formula: see text] orbitals, which exhibits faster electron transfer ability. As a result, the high-spin state CoOOH performs superior OER activity with an overpotential of 226 mV at 10 mA cm-2, which is 148 mV lower than that of the low-spin state CoOOH. This work emphasizes the effect of the spin state of Co3+ on OER activity of CoOOH based electrocatalysts for water splitting, and thus provides a new strategy for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Haoyin Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemical, Energy and Environment (ISCE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Junchen Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Hang An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yiming Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Caozheng Diao
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Sources (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117603, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Zhi Gen Yu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemical, Energy and Environment (ISCE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Tefusen Semiconductor & Hydrogen Energy Technology (Yunnan) Co., Ltd, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, 663200, China.
| | - Junmin Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
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9
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Wang M, Wang B, Zhang J, Xi S, Ling N, Mi Z, Yang Q, Zhang M, Leow WR, Zhang J, Lum Y. Acidic media enables oxygen-tolerant electrosynthesis of multicarbon products from simulated flue gas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1218. [PMID: 38336956 PMCID: PMC10858036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Renewable electricity powered electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) offers a valuable method to close the carbon cycle and reduce our overreliance on fossil fuels. However, high purity CO2 is usually required as feedstock, which potentially decreases the feasibility and economic viability of the process. Direct conversion of flue gas is an attractive option but is challenging due to the low CO2 concentration and the presence of O2 impurities. As a result, up to 99% of the applied current can be lost towards the undesired oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we show that acidic electrolyte can significantly suppress ORR on Cu, enabling generation of multicarbon products from simulated flue gas. Using a composite Cu and carbon supported single-atom Ni tandem electrocatalyst, we achieved a multicarbon Faradaic efficiency of 46.5% at 200 mA cm-2, which is ~20 times higher than bare Cu under alkaline conditions. We also demonstrate stable performance for 24 h with a multicarbon product full-cell energy efficiency of 14.6%. Strikingly, this result is comparable to previously reported acidic CO2R systems using pure CO2. Our findings demonstrate a potential pathway towards designing efficient electrolyzers for direct conversion of flue gas to value-added chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ning Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ziyu Mi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jia Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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10
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Wong LWW, Shi X, Karnieli A, Lim J, Kumar S, Carbajo S, Kaminer I, Wong LJ. Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:29. [PMID: 38267427 PMCID: PMC10808554 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bremsstrahlung-the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei-contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip inspection. Here, we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly-by more than three orders of magnitude-through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline materials. Furthermore, we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and multi-directionality. Importantly, we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers, as predicted by the paraxial and non-recoil theory for free electron light emission. Our work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like bremsstrahlung. Our results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Wei Wesley Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xihang Shi
- Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Aviv Karnieli
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy Lim
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Suraj Kumar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sergio Carbajo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, UCLA, 420 Westwood, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, UCLA, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Liang Jie Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Aiyer S, Baldwin PR, Tan SM, Shan Z, Oh J, Mehrani A, Bowman ME, Louie G, Passos DO, Đorđević-Marquardt S, Mietzsch M, Hull JA, Hoshika S, Barad BA, Grotjahn DA, McKenna R, Agbandje-McKenna M, Benner SA, Noel JAP, Wang D, Tan YZ, Lyumkis D. Overcoming resolution attenuation during tilted cryo-EM data collection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:389. [PMID: 38195598 PMCID: PMC10776679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural biology efforts using cryogenic electron microscopy are frequently stifled by specimens adopting "preferred orientations" on grids, leading to anisotropic map resolution and impeding structure determination. Tilting the specimen stage during data collection is a generalizable solution but has historically led to substantial resolution attenuation. Here, we develop updated data collection and image processing workflows and demonstrate, using multiple specimens, that resolution attenuation is negligible or significantly reduced across tilt angles. Reconstructions with and without the stage tilted as high as 60° are virtually indistinguishable. These strategies allowed the reconstruction to 3 Å resolution of a bacterial RNA polymerase with preferred orientation, containing an unnatural nucleotide for studying novel base pair recognition. Furthermore, we present a quantitative framework that allows cryo-EM practitioners to define an optimal tilt angle during data acquisition. These results reinforce the utility of employing stage tilt for data collection and provide quantitative metrics to obtain isotropic maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Aiyer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Philip R Baldwin
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shi Min Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Zelin Shan
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Juntaek Oh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Atousa Mehrani
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marianne E Bowman
- Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gordon Louie
- Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dario Oliveira Passos
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joshua A Hull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Shuichi Hoshika
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 13709 Progress Blvd Box 7, Alachua, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Benjamin A Barad
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Danielle A Grotjahn
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Steven A Benner
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 13709 Progress Blvd Box 7, Alachua, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Joseph A P Noel
- Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yong Zi Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Dmitry Lyumkis
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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12
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Tay DWP, Tan LL, Heng E, Zulkarnain N, Ching KC, Wibowo M, Chin EJ, Tan ZYQ, Leong CY, Ng VWP, Yang LK, Seow DCS, Lim YW, Koh W, Koduru L, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB, Lim YH, Wong FT. Exploring a general multi-pronged activation strategy for natural product discovery in Actinomycetes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:50. [PMID: 38184720 PMCID: PMC10771470 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products possess significant therapeutic potential but remain underutilized despite advances in genomics and bioinformatics. While there are approaches to activate and upregulate natural product biosynthesis in both native and heterologous microbial strains, a comprehensive strategy to elicit production of natural products as well as a generalizable and efficient method to interrogate diverse native strains collection, remains lacking. Here, we explore a flexible and robust integrase-mediated multi-pronged activation approach to reliably perturb and globally trigger antibiotics production in actinobacteria. Across 54 actinobacterial strains, our approach yielded 124 distinct activator-strain combinations which consistently outperform wild type. Our approach expands accessible metabolite space by nearly two-fold and increases selected metabolite yields by up to >200-fold, enabling discovery of Gram-negative bioactivity in tetramic acid analogs. We envision these findings as a gateway towards a more streamlined, accelerated, and scalable strategy to unlock the full potential of Nature's chemical repertoire.
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Grants
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- NRF-CRP19-2017-05-00 National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore)
- C211917006 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- C233017006 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- C211917003 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- C211917006 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- C233017006 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- C211917006 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister’s office, Republic of Singapore)
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon W P Tay
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, #07-01 Neuros Building, Singapore, 138665, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lee Ling Tan
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, #07-06, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Elena Heng
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, #07-06, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nadiah Zulkarnain
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, #07-06, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kuan Chieh Ching
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Elaine Jinfeng Chin
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zann Yi Qi Tan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chung Yan Leong
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Veronica Wee Pin Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lay Kien Yang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Deborah C S Seow
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Wee Lim
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, #07-01 Neuros Building, Singapore, 138665, Republic of Singapore
| | - Winston Koh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lokanand Koduru
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, #07-06, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yee Hwee Lim
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, #07-01 Neuros Building, Singapore, 138665, Republic of Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Fong Tian Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 Biomedical Grove, #07-01 Neuros Building, Singapore, 138665, Republic of Singapore.
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, #07-06, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
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13
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Perera AR, Warrier V, Sundararaman S, Hsiao Y, Ghosh S, Kularatnarajah L, Pitt JJ. Melvin is a conversational voice interface for cancer genomics data. Commun Biol 2024; 7:30. [PMID: 38182884 PMCID: PMC10770357 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Melvin is a multi-modal Amazon Alexa skill that allows users to quickly explore cancer genomics data from TCGA through simple conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila R Perera
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Warrier
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shwetha Sundararaman
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Hsiao
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jason J Pitt
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Peh G, Tay T, Tan LL, Tiong E, Bi J, Goh YL, Ye S, Lin F, Tan CJX, Tan YZ, Wong J, Zhao H, Wong FT, Ang EL, Lim YH. Site-selective chlorination of pyrrolic heterocycles by flavin dependent enzyme PrnC. Commun Chem 2024; 7:7. [PMID: 38182798 PMCID: PMC10770391 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Halogenation of pyrrole requires strong electrophilic reagents and often leads to undesired polyhalogenated products. Biocatalytic halogenation is a highly attractive approach given its chemoselectivity and benign reaction conditions. While there are several reports of enzymatic phenol and indole halogenation in organic synthesis, corresponding reports on enzymatic pyrrole halogenation have been lacking. Here we describe the in vitro functional and structural characterization of PrnC, a flavin-dependent halogenase that can act on free-standing pyrroles. Computational modeling and site mutagenesis studies identified three key residues in the catalytic pocket. A moderate resolution map using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy reveals PrnC to be a dimer. This native PrnC can halogenate a library of structurally diverse pyrrolic heterocycles in a site-selective manner and be applied in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a chlorinated analog of the agrochemical fungicide Fludioxonil.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuangRong Peh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Terence Tay
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lee Ling Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Elaine Tiong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiawu Bi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Ling Goh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Suming Ye
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fu Lin
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cheryl Jia Xin Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Zi Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joel Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fong Tian Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Ee Lui Ang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yee Hwee Lim
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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15
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Huang J, Kee MZL, Law EC, Sum KK, Silveira PP, Godfrey KM, Daniel LM, Tan KH, Chong YS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Meaney MJ, Huang JY. Parental and child genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation and early-life cognitive development: an Asian and European prospective cohort study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38177108 PMCID: PMC10766615 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and glucose metabolism have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, in the metabolically more susceptible Asian populations, it is not clear whether the genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation influences early-life neurodevelopment. In a multi-ethnic Asian prospective cohort study in Singapore (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO)), we constructed child and parental polygenic risk scores (PRS) for glycaemic dysregulation based on the largest genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose among Asians. We found that child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with a lower perceptual reasoning score at ~7 years (β = -0. 141, p-value = 0.024, 95% CI -0. 264 to -0. 018) and a lower WIAT-III mean score at ~9 years (β = -0.222, p-value = 0.001, 95% CI -0.357 to -0.087). This association were consistent in direction among boys and girls. These inverse associations were not influenced by parental PRS and were likely mediated via insulin resistance rather than mediators such as birth weight and childhood body mass index. Higher paternal PRS for HOMA-IR was suggestively associated with lower child perceptual reasoning at ~7 years (β = -0.172, p-value = 0.002, 95% CI -0.280 to -0.064). Replication analysis in a European cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, showed that higher child PRS for fasting glucose was associated with lower verbal IQ score while higher maternal PRS for insulin resistance was associated with lower performance IQ score in their children at ~8.5 years. In summary, our findings suggest that higher child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with lower cognitive scores in both Asian and European replication cohorts. Differential findings between cohorts may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Further investigation of the functions of the genetic structure and ancestry-specific PRS and a more comprehensive investigation of behavioural mediators may help to understand these findings better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK.
| | - Michelle Z L Kee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn C Law
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ka Kei Sum
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lourdes Mary Daniel
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of general practice and primary health care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Brain-Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Yinhao Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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16
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Ronceray N, Spina M, Chou VHY, Lim CT, Geim AK, Garaj S. Elastocapillarity-driven 2D nano-switches enable zeptoliter-scale liquid encapsulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:185. [PMID: 38167702 PMCID: PMC10762047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological nanostructures change their shape and function in response to external stimuli, and significant efforts have been made to design artificial biomimicking devices operating on similar principles. In this work we demonstrate a programmable nanofluidic switch, driven by elastocapillarity, and based on nanochannels built from layered two-dimensional nanomaterials possessing atomically smooth surfaces and exceptional mechanical properties. We explore operational modes of the nanoswitch and develop a theoretical framework to explain the phenomenon. By predicting the switching-reversibility phase diagram-based on material, interfacial and wetting properties, as well as the geometry of the nanofluidic circuit-we rationally design switchable nano-capsules capable of enclosing zeptoliter volumes of liquid, as small as the volumes enclosed in viruses. The nanoswitch will find useful application as an active element in integrated nanofluidic circuitry and could be used to explore nanoconfined chemistry and biochemistry, or be incorporated into shape-programmable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ronceray
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Massimo Spina
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Hui Yin Chou
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Andre K Geim
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Slaven Garaj
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Department of Material Science Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
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17
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Alex AM, Aguate F, Botteron K, Buss C, Chong YS, Dager SR, Donald KA, Entringer S, Fair DA, Fortier MV, Gaab N, Gilmore JH, Girault JB, Graham AM, Groenewold NA, Hazlett H, Lin W, Meaney MJ, Piven J, Qiu A, Rasmussen JM, Roos A, Schultz RT, Skeide MA, Stein DJ, Styner M, Thompson PM, Turesky TK, Wadhwa PD, Zar HJ, Zöllei L, de Los Campos G, Knickmeyer RC. A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:176-186. [PMID: 37996530 PMCID: PMC10774128 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and children born preterm or with low birthweight showed catch-up growth with age. Socioeconomic factors exerted region- and time-specific effects. Regarding cognition, males scored lower than females; preterm birth affected all developmental areas tested, and socioeconomic factors affected visual reception and receptive language. Brain-cognition correlations revealed region-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Alex
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fernando Aguate
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly Botteron
- Mallinickrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen R Dager
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica B Girault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather Hazlett
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Suzhou, China
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Annerine Roos
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Skeide
- Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Styner
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Ted K Turesky
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Heather J Zar
- South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Statistics & Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca C Knickmeyer
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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18
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Meissner SN, Bächinger M, Kikkert S, Imhof J, Missura S, Carro Dominguez M, Wenderoth N. Self-regulating arousal via pupil-based biofeedback. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:43-62. [PMID: 37904022 PMCID: PMC10810759 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The brain's arousal state is controlled by several neuromodulatory nuclei known to substantially influence cognition and mental well-being. Here we investigate whether human participants can gain volitional control of their arousal state using a pupil-based biofeedback approach. Our approach inverts a mechanism suggested by previous literature that links activity of the locus coeruleus, one of the key regulators of central arousal and pupil dynamics. We show that pupil-based biofeedback enables participants to acquire volitional control of pupil size. Applying pupil self-regulation systematically modulates activity of the locus coeruleus and other brainstem structures involved in arousal control. Furthermore, it modulates cardiovascular measures such as heart rate, and behavioural and psychophysiological responses during an oddball task. We provide evidence that pupil-based biofeedback makes the brain's arousal system accessible to volitional control, a finding that has tremendous potential for translation to behavioural and clinical applications across various domains, including stress-related and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nadine Meissner
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Bächinger
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanne Kikkert
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Imhof
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Missura
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Carro Dominguez
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Walden SL, Nguyen PHD, Li HK, Liu X, Le MTN, Xian Jun L, Barner-Kowollik C, Truong VX. Visible light-induced switching of soft matter materials properties based on thioindigo photoswitches. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8298. [PMID: 38097621 PMCID: PMC10721821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioindigos are visible light responsive photoswitches with excellent spatial control over the conformational change between their trans- and cis- isomers. However, they possess limited solubility in all conventional organic solvents and polymers, hindering their application in soft matter materials. Herein, we introduce a strategy for the covalent insertion of thioindigo units into polymer main chains, enabling thioindigos to function within crosslinked polymeric hydrogels. We overcome their solubility issue by developing a thioindigo bismethacrylate linker able to undergo radical initiated thiol-ene reaction for step-growth polymerization, generating indigo-containing polymers. The optimal wavelength for the reversible trans-/cis- isomerisation of thioindigo was elucidated by constructing a detailed photochemical action plot of their switching efficiencies at a wide range of monochromatic wavelengths. Critically, indigo-containing polymers display significant photoswitching of the materials' optical and physical properties in organic solvents and water. Furthermore, the photoswitching of thioindigo within crosslinked structures enables visible light induced modulation of the hydrogel stiffness. Both the thioindigo-containing hydrogels and photoswitching processes are non-toxic to cells, thus offering opportunities for advanced applications in soft matter materials and biology-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Walden
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Phuong H D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hao-Kai Li
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Republic of Singapore
| | - Loh Xian Jun
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Vinh X Truong
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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20
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Teo HC, Tan NHL, Zheng Q, Lim AJY, Sreekar R, Chen X, Zhou Y, Sarira TV, De Alban JDT, Tang H, Friess DA, Koh LP. Uncertainties in deforestation emission baseline methodologies and implications for carbon markets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8277. [PMID: 38092814 PMCID: PMC10719246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon credits generated through jurisdictional-scale avoided deforestation projects require accurate estimates of deforestation emission baselines, but there are serious challenges to their robustness. We assessed the variability, accuracy, and uncertainty of baselining methods by applying sensitivity and variable importance analysis on a range of typically-used methods and parameters for 2,794 jurisdictions worldwide. The median jurisdiction's deforestation emission baseline varied by 171% (90% range: 87%-440%) of its mean, with a median forecast error of 0.778 times (90% range: 0.548-3.56) the actual deforestation rate. Moreover, variable importance analysis emphasised the strong influence of the deforestation projection approach. For the median jurisdiction, 68.0% of possible methods (90% range: 61.1%-85.6%) exceeded 15% uncertainty. Tropical and polar biomes exhibited larger uncertainties in carbon estimations. The use of sensitivity analyses, multi-model, and multi-source ensemble approaches could reduce variabilities and biases. These findings provide a roadmap for improving baseline estimations to enhance carbon market integrity and trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong Chen Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Hui Li Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiming Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Annabel Jia Yi Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiao Chen
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tasya Vadya Sarira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jose Don T De Alban
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Tang
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Braun H, Xu Z, Chang F, Viceconte N, Rane G, Levin M, Lototska L, Roth F, Hillairet A, Fradera-Sola A, Khanchandani V, Sin ZW, Yong WK, Dreesen O, Yang Y, Shi Y, Li F, Butter F, Kappei D. ZNF524 directly interacts with telomeric DNA and supports telomere integrity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8252. [PMID: 38086788 PMCID: PMC10716145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. In humans, they consist of TTAGGG repeats, which are bound by dedicated proteins such as the shelterin complex. This complex blocks unwanted DNA damage repair at telomeres, e.g. by suppressing nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) through its subunit TRF2. Here, we describe ZNF524, a zinc finger protein that directly binds telomeric repeats with nanomolar affinity, and reveal base-specific sequence recognition by cocrystallization with telomeric DNA. ZNF524 localizes to telomeres and specifically maintains the presence of the TRF2/RAP1 subcomplex at telomeres without affecting other shelterin members. Loss of ZNF524 concomitantly results in an increase in DNA damage signaling and recombination events. Overall, ZNF524 is a direct telomere-binding protein involved in the maintenance of telomere integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Braun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Ziyan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fiona Chang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Grishma Rane
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Michal Levin
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Roth
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Alexia Hillairet
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Vartika Khanchandani
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Zi Wayne Sin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Wai Khang Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Oliver Dreesen
- Cell Aging Laboratory, A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fudong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Falk Butter
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Greifswald, 17493, Germany.
| | - Dennis Kappei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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22
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Chen H, Arora A, Song JCW, Loh KP. Gate-tunable anomalous Hall effect in Bernal tetralayer graphene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7925. [PMID: 38040749 PMCID: PMC10692167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Large spin-orbit coupling is often thought to be critical in realizing magnetic order-locked charge transport such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Recently, artificial stacks of two-dimensional materials, e.g., magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene on hexagonal boron-nitride heterostructures and dual-gated rhombohedral trilayer graphene, have become platforms for realizing AHE without spin-orbit coupling. However, these stacking arrangements are not energetically favorable, impeding experiments and further device engineering. Here we report an anomalous Hall effect in Bernal-stacked tetralayer graphene devices (BTG), the most stable configuration of four-layer graphene. BTG AHE is switched on by a displacement field and is most pronounced at low carrier densities. The onset of AHE occurs in tandem with a full metal to a broken isospin transition indicating an orbital origin of the itinerant ferromagnetism. At lowest densities, BTG exhibits an unconventional hysteresis with step-like anomalous Hall plateaus. Persisting to several tens of kelvin, AHE in BTG demonstrates the ubiquity and robustness of magnetic order in readily available and stable multilayer Bernal graphene stacks-a new venue for intrinsic non-reciprocal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arpit Arora
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin C W Song
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Yue WL, Ng KK, Koh AJ, Perini F, Doshi K, Zhou JH, Lim J. Mindfulness-based therapy improves brain functional network reconfiguration efficiency. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:345. [PMID: 37951943 PMCID: PMC10640625 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions are showing increasing promise as a treatment for psychological disorders, with improvements in cognition and emotion regulation after intervention. Understanding the changes in functional brain activity and neural plasticity that underlie these benefits from mindfulness interventions is thus of interest in current neuroimaging research. Previous studies have found functional brain changes during resting and task states to be associated with mindfulness both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, particularly in the executive control, default mode and salience networks. However, limited research has combined information from rest and task to study mindfulness-related functional changes in the brain, particularly in the context of intervention studies with active controls. Recent work has found that the reconfiguration efficiency of brain activity patterns between rest and task states is behaviorally relevant in healthy young adults. Thus, we applied this measure to investigate how mindfulness intervention changed functional reconfiguration between rest and a breath-counting task in elderly participants with self-reported sleep difficulties. Improving on previous longitudinal designs, we compared the intervention effects of a mindfulness-based therapy to an active control (sleep hygiene) intervention. We found that mindfulness intervention improved self-reported mindfulness measures and brain functional reconfiguration efficiency in the executive control, default mode and salience networks, though the brain and behavioral changes were not associated with each other. Our findings suggest that neuroplasticity may be induced through regular mindfulness practice, thus bringing the intrinsic functional configuration in participants' brains closer to a state required for mindful awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Lin Yue
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwun Kei Ng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amelia Jialing Koh
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Perini
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kinjal Doshi
- Department of Psychology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Julian Lim
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Psychology, National University of, Singapore, Singapore.
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24
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Sreekanth KV, Perumal J, Dinish US, Prabhathan P, Liu Y, Singh R, Olivo M, Teng J. Tunable Tamm plasmon cavity as a scalable biosensing platform for surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7085. [PMID: 37925522 PMCID: PMC10625559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface enhanced Resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) is a powerful technique for enhancing Raman spectra by matching the laser excitation wavelength with the plasmonic resonance and the absorption peak of biomolecules. Here, we propose a tunable Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) cavity based on a metal on distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as a scalable sensing platform for SERRS. We develop a gold film-coated ultralow-loss phase change material (Sb2S3) based DBR, which exhibits continuously tunable TPP resonances in the optical wavelengths. We demonstrate SERRS by matching the TPP resonance with the absorption peak of the chromophore molecule at 785 nm wavelength. We use this platform to detect cardiac Troponin I protein (cTnI), a biomarker for early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, achieving a detection limit of 380 fM. This scalable substrate shows great promise as a next-generation tunable biosensing platform for detecting disease biomarkers in body fluids for routine real-time clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jayakumar Perumal
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Patinharekandy Prabhathan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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25
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Koh DHZ, Naito T, Na M, Yeap YJ, Rozario P, Zhong FL, Lim KL, Saheki Y. Visualization of accessible cholesterol using a GRAM domain-based biosensor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6773. [PMID: 37880244 PMCID: PMC10600248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is important for membrane integrity and cell signaling, and dysregulation of the distribution of cellular cholesterol is associated with numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. While regulated transport of a specific pool of cholesterol, known as "accessible cholesterol", contributes to the maintenance of cellular cholesterol distribution and homeostasis, tools to monitor accessible cholesterol in live cells remain limited. Here, we engineer a highly sensitive accessible cholesterol biosensor by taking advantage of the cholesterol-sensing element (the GRAM domain) of an evolutionarily conserved lipid transfer protein, GRAMD1b. Using this cholesterol biosensor, which we call GRAM-W, we successfully visualize in real time the distribution of accessible cholesterol in many different cell types, including human keratinocytes and iPSC-derived neurons, and show differential dependencies on cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake for maintaining levels of accessible cholesterol. Furthermore, we combine GRAM-W with a dimerization-dependent fluorescent protein (ddFP) and establish a strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of accessible plasma membrane cholesterol. These tools will allow us to obtain important insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the distribution of cellular cholesterol is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Hong Zheng Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Tomoki Naito
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Minyoung Na
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Pritisha Rozario
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Franklin L Zhong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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26
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Wang Y, Ye S, Lim JWM, Giovanni D, Feng M, Fu J, Krishnamoorthy HNS, Zhang Q, Xu Q, Cai R, Sum TC. Carrier multiplication in perovskite solar cells with internal quantum efficiency exceeding 100. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6293. [PMID: 37813878 PMCID: PMC10562407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrier multiplication (CM) holds great promise to break the Shockley-Queisser limit of single junction photovoltaic cells. Despite compelling spectroscopic evidence of strong CM effects in halide perovskites, studies in actual perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are lacking. Herein, we reconcile this knowledge gap using the testbed Cs0.05FA0.5MA0.45Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 system exhibiting efficient CM with a low threshold of 2Eg (~500 nm) and high efficiency of 99.4 ± 0.4%. Robust CM enables an unbiased internal quantum efficiency exceeding 110% and reaching as high as 160% in the best devices. Importantly, our findings inject fresh insights into the complex interplay of various factors (optical and parasitic absorption losses, charge recombination and extraction losses, etc.) undermining CM contributions to the overall performance. Surprisingly, CM effects may already exist in mixed Pb-Sn PSCs but are repressed by its present architecture. A comprehensive redesign of the existing device configuration is needed to leverage CM effects for next-generation PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Harish N S Krishnamoorthy
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanapally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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27
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Tapia Del Fierro A, den Hamer B, Benetti N, Jansz N, Chen K, Beck T, Vanyai H, Gurzau AD, Daxinger L, Xue S, Ly TTN, Wanigasuriya I, Iminitoff M, Breslin K, Oey H, Krom YD, van der Hoorn D, Bouwman LF, Johanson TM, Ritchie ME, Gouil QA, Reversade B, Prin F, Mohun T, van der Maarel SM, McGlinn E, Murphy JM, Keniry A, de Greef JC, Blewitt ME. SMCHD1 has separable roles in chromatin architecture and gene silencing that could be targeted in disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5466. [PMID: 37749075 PMCID: PMC10519958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between 3D chromatin architecture and gene silencing is incompletely understood. Here, we report a novel point mutation in the non-canonical SMC protein SMCHD1 that enhances its silencing capacity at endogenous developmental targets. Moreover, it also results in enhanced silencing at the facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy associated macrosatellite-array, D4Z4, resulting in enhanced repression of DUX4 encoded by this repeat. Heightened SMCHD1 silencing perturbs developmental Hox gene activation, causing a homeotic transformation in mice. Paradoxically, the mutant SMCHD1 appears to enhance insulation against other epigenetic regulators, including PRC2 and CTCF, while depleting long range chromatin interactions akin to what is observed in the absence of SMCHD1. These data suggest that SMCHD1's role in long range chromatin interactions is not directly linked to gene silencing or insulating the chromatin, refining the model for how the different levels of SMCHD1-mediated chromatin regulation interact to bring about gene silencing in normal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Tapia Del Fierro
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bianca den Hamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Natalia Benetti
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Jansz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelan Chen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Beck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Vanyai
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexandra D Gurzau
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shifeng Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thanh Thao Nguyen Ly
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iromi Wanigasuriya
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelsey Breslin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Oey
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yvonne D Krom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dinja van der Hoorn
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Linde F Bouwman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Timothy M Johanson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Quentin A Gouil
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabrice Prin
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Timothy Mohun
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Edwina McGlinn
- EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Keniry
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica C de Greef
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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28
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Wang Q, Wu S, Zou J, Liang X, Mou C, Zheng P, Chi YR. NHC-catalyzed enantioselective access to β-cyano carboxylic esters via in situ substrate alternation and release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4878. [PMID: 37573355 PMCID: PMC10423276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed asymmetric access to chiral β-cyano carboxylic esters is disclosed. The reaction proceeds between β,β-disubstituted enals and aromatic thiols involving enantioselective protonation of enal β-carbon. Two main factors contribute to the success of this reaction. One involves in situ ultrafast addition of the aromatic thiol substrates to the carbon-carbon double bond of the enal substrate. This reaction converts almost all enal substrate to a Thiol-click Intermediate, significantly reducing aromatic thiol substrates concentration and suppressing the homo-coupling reaction of enals. Another factor is an in situ release of enal substrate from the Thiol-click Intermediate for the desired reaction to proceed effectively. The optically enriched β-cyano carboxylic esters from our method can be readily transformed to medicines that include γ-aminobutyric acids derivatives such as Rolipram. In addition to synthetic utilities, our control of reaction outcomes via in situ substrate modulation and release can likely inspire future reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Center for Industrial Catalysis and Cleaning Process Development, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuyang Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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29
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Liu X, Jiang L, Ke M, Sigal IA, Chua J, Hoang QV, Chia AW, Najjar RP, Tan B, Cheong J, Bellemo V, Chong RS, Girard MJA, Ang M, Liu M, Garhöfer G, Barathi VA, Saw SM, Villiger M, Schmetterer L. Posterior scleral birefringence measured by triple-input polarization-sensitive imaging as a biomarker of myopia progression. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:986-1000. [PMID: 37365268 PMCID: PMC10427432 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In myopic eyes, pathological remodelling of collagen in the posterior sclera has mostly been observed ex vivo. Here we report the development of triple-input polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) for measuring posterior scleral birefringence. In guinea pigs and humans, the technique offers superior imaging sensitivities and accuracies than dual-input polarization-sensitive OCT. In 8-week-long studies with young guinea pigs, scleral birefringence was positively correlated with spherical equivalent refractive errors and predicted the onset of myopia. In a cross-sectional study involving adult individuals, scleral birefringence was associated with myopia status and negatively correlated with refractive errors. Triple-input polarization-sensitive OCT may help establish posterior scleral birefringence as a non-invasive biomarker for assessing the progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengyuan Ke
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quan V Hoang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audrey Wi Chia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Cheong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valentina Bellemo
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel S Chong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michaël J A Girard
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veluchamy A Barathi
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Pre-Clinical Model Platform, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, ,National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) programme, Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Tian X, Zeng Q, Kurt SA, Li RR, Nguyen DT, Xiong Z, Li Z, Yang X, Xiao X, Wu C, Tee BCK, Nikolayev D, Charles CJ, Ho JS. Implant-to-implant wireless networking with metamaterial textiles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4335. [PMID: 37468458 PMCID: PMC10356940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Implanted bioelectronic devices can form distributed networks capable of sensing health conditions and delivering therapy throughout the body. Current clinically-used approaches for wireless communication, however, do not support direct networking between implants because of signal losses from absorption and reflection by the body. As a result, existing examples of such networks rely on an external relay device that needs to be periodically recharged and constitutes a single point of failure. Here, we demonstrate direct implant-to-implant wireless networking at the scale of the human body using metamaterial textiles. The textiles facilitate non-radiative propagation of radio-frequency signals along the surface of the body, passively amplifying the received signal strength by more than three orders of magnitude (>30 dB) compared to without the textile. Using a porcine model, we demonstrate closed-loop control of the heart rate by wirelessly networking a loop recorder and a vagus nerve stimulator at more than 40 cm distance. Our work establishes a wireless technology to directly network body-integrated devices for precise and adaptive bioelectronic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Qihang Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Selman A Kurt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Renee R Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Dat T Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Changsheng Wu
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | | | - Christopher J Charles
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John S Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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31
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Lamba A, Teo HC, Sreekar R, Zeng Y, Carrasco LR, Koh LP. Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1104-1113. [PMID: 37231303 PMCID: PMC10333118 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation is increasingly being recognized as an important co-benefit in climate change mitigation programmes that use nature-based climate solutions. However, the climate co-benefits of biodiversity conservation interventions, such as habitat protection and restoration, remain understudied. Here we estimate the forest carbon storage co-benefits of a national policy intervention for tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation in India. We used a synthetic control approach to model avoided forest loss and associated carbon emissions reductions in protected areas that underwent enhanced protection for tiger conservation. Over a third of the analysed reserves showed significant but mixed effects, where 24% of all reserves successfully reduced the rate of deforestation and the remaining 9% reported higher-than-expected forest loss. The policy had a net positive benefit with over 5,802 hectares of averted forest loss, corresponding to avoided emissions of 1.08 ± 0.51 MtCO2 equivalent between 2007 and 2020. This translated to US$92.55 ± 43.56 million in ecosystem services from the avoided social cost of emissions and potential revenue of US$6.24 ± 2.94 million in carbon offsets. Our findings offer an approach to quantitatively track the carbon sequestration co-benefits of a species conservation strategy and thus help align the objectives of climate action and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Lamba
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hoong Chen Teo
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luis Roman Carrasco
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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32
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Liu T, Chi CH, Ou JY, Xu J, Chan EA, MacDonald KF, Zheludev NI. Picophotonic localization metrology beyond thermal fluctuations. Nat Mater 2023; 22:844-847. [PMID: 37169973 PMCID: PMC10691967 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent tremendous progress in optical imaging and metrology1-6, there remains a substantial resolution gap between atomic-scale transmission electron microscopy and optical techniques. Is optical imaging and metrology of nanostructures exhibiting Brownian motion possible with such resolution, beyond thermal fluctuations? Here we report on an experiment in which the average position of a nanowire with a thermal oscillation amplitude of ∼150 pm is resolved in single-shot measurements with subatomic precision of 92 pm, using light at a wavelength of λ = 488 nm, providing an example of such sub-Brownian metrology with ∼λ/5,300 precision. To localize the nanowire, we employ a deep-learning analysis of the scattering of topologically structured light, which is highly sensitive to the nanowire's position. This non-invasive metrology with absolute errors down to a fraction of the typical size of an atom, opens a range of opportunities to study picometre-scale phenomena with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Liu
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cheng-Hung Chi
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jun-Yu Ou
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jie Xu
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eng Aik Chan
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin F MacDonald
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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33
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Wang F, Hu F, Dai M, Zhu S, Sun F, Duan R, Wang C, Han J, Deng W, Chen W, Ye M, Han S, Qiang B, Jin Y, Chua Y, Chi N, Yu S, Nam D, Chae SH, Liu Z, Wang QJ. A two-dimensional mid-infrared optoelectronic retina enabling simultaneous perception and encoding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1938. [PMID: 37024508 PMCID: PMC10079931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared machine vision system for object perception and recognition is becoming increasingly important in the Internet of Things era. However, the current system suffers from bulkiness and inefficiency as compared to the human retina with the intelligent and compact neural architecture. Here, we present a retina-inspired mid-infrared (MIR) optoelectronic device based on a two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure for simultaneous data perception and encoding. A single device can perceive the illumination intensity of a MIR stimulus signal, while encoding the intensity into a spike train based on a rate encoding algorithm for subsequent neuromorphic computing with the assistance of an all-optical excitation mechanism, a stochastic near-infrared (NIR) sampling terminal. The device features wide dynamic working range, high encoding precision, and flexible adaption ability to the MIR intensity. Moreover, an inference accuracy more than 96% to MIR MNIST data set encoded by the device is achieved using a trained spiking neural network (SNN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangchen Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiayue Han
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Deng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Han
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Qiang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuhao Jin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunda Chua
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Donguk Nam
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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34
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Hirschfeld D, Behar D, Nicholls RJ, Cahill N, James T, Horton BP, Portman ME, Bell R, Campo M, Esteban M, Goble B, Rahman M, Addo KA, Chundeli FA, Aunger M, Babitsky O, Beal A, Boyle R, Fang J, Gohar A, Hanson S, Karamesines S, Kim MJ, Lohmann H, McInnes K, Mimura N, Ramsay D, Wenger L, Yokoki H. Global survey shows planners use widely varying sea-level rise projections for coastal adaptation. Commun Earth Environ 2023; 4:102. [PMID: 38665203 PMCID: PMC11041751 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Including sea-level rise (SLR) projections in planning and implementing coastal adaptation is crucial. Here we analyze the first global survey on the use of SLR projections for 2050 and 2100. Two-hundred and fifty-three coastal practitioners engaged in adaptation/planning from 49 countries provided complete answers to the survey which was distributed in nine languages - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese and Spanish. While recognition of the threat of SLR is almost universal, only 72% of respondents currently utilize SLR projections. Generally, developing countries have lower levels of utilization. There is no global standard in the use of SLR projections: for locations using a standard data structure, 53% are planning using a single projection, while the remainder are using multiple projections, with 13% considering a low-probability high-end scenario. Countries with histories of adaptation and consistent national support show greater assimilation of SLR projections into adaptation decisions. This research provides new insights about current planning practices and can inform important ongoing efforts on the application of the science that is essential to the promotion of effective adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Hirschfeld
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Utah State University, 4005 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4005 USA
| | - David Behar
- San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Robert J. Nicholls
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Niamh Cahill
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
- Irish Climate Analysis and Research UnitS (ICARUS), Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thomas James
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Horton
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle E. Portman
- MarCoast Ecosystems Integration Lab, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000 Israel
| | - Rob Bell
- Bell Adapt Ltd, Hamilton, 3210 New Zealand
- Environmental Planning Programme, School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Te Whare Wananga o Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Campo
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning & Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Miguel Esteban
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bronwyn Goble
- The Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Munsur Rahman
- Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Monique Aunger
- Geological Survey of Canada, Lands and Minerals Sector, Natural Resources Canada 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Orly Babitsky
- MarCoast Ecosystems Integration Lab, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000 Israel
| | - Anders Beal
- Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC USA
| | - Ray Boyle
- College of Environmental Design, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley California, USA
| | - Jiayi Fang
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences, School of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Amir Gohar
- University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Hanson
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Boldrewood Campus, Burgess Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Saul Karamesines
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Utah State University, 4005 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4005 USA
| | - M. J. Kim
- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries affairs, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilary Lohmann
- Department of Planning and Natural Resources, St. Croix, USVI USA
| | - Kathy McInnes
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Environment, Aspendale, VIC Australia
| | - Nobuo Mimura
- Global and Local Environment Co-creation Institute, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Doug Ramsay
- National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Landis Wenger
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Utah State University, 4005 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4005 USA
| | - Hiromune Yokoki
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
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35
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Shu B, Ooi JSG, Tan AWK, Ng TS, Dejnirattisai W, Mongkolsapaya J, Fibriansah G, Shi J, Kostyuchenko VA, Screaton GR, Lok SM. CryoEM structures of the multimeric secreted NS1, a major factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6756. [PMID: 36347841 PMCID: PMC9643530 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Dengue NS1 is multifunctional. The intracellular dimeric NS1 (iNS1) forms part of the viral replication complex. Previous studies suggest the extracellular secreted NS1 (sNS1), which is a major factor contributing to DHF, exists as hexamers. The structure of the iNS1 is well-characterised but not that of sNS1. Here we show by cryoEM that the recombinant sNS1 exists in multiple oligomeric states: the tetrameric (stable and loose conformation) and hexameric structures. Stability of the stable and loose tetramers is determined by the conformation of their N-terminal domain - elongated β-sheet or β-roll. Binding of an anti-NS1 Fab breaks the loose tetrameric and hexameric sNS1 into dimers, whereas the stable tetramer remains largely unbound. Our results show detailed quaternary organization of different oligomeric states of sNS1 and will contribute towards the design of dengue therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Justin S G Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Aaron W K Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Thiam-Seng Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | | | | | - Guntur Fibriansah
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Jian Shi
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Victor A Kostyuchenko
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9D, UK
| | - Shee-Mei Lok
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore.
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36
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Li Z, Pestourie R, Park JS, Huang YW, Johnson SG, Capasso F. Inverse design enables large-scale high-performance meta-optics reshaping virtual reality. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2409. [PMID: 35504864 PMCID: PMC9064995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-optics has achieved major breakthroughs in the past decade; however, conventional forward design faces challenges as functionality complexity and device size scale up. Inverse design aims at optimizing meta-optics design but has been currently limited by expensive brute-force numerical solvers to small devices, which are also difficult to realize experimentally. Here, we present a general inverse-design framework for aperiodic large-scale (20k × 20k λ2) complex meta-optics in three dimensions, which alleviates computational cost for both simulation and optimization via a fast approximate solver and an adjoint method, respectively. Our framework naturally accounts for fabrication constraints via a surrogate model. In experiments, we demonstrate aberration-corrected metalenses working in the visible with high numerical aperture, poly-chromatic focusing, and large diameter up to the centimeter scale. Such large-scale meta-optics opens a new paradigm for applications, and we demonstrate its potential for future virtual-reality platforms by using a meta-eyepiece and a laser back-illuminated micro-Liquid Crystal Display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Li
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Raphaël Pestourie
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joon-Suh Park
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Steven G Johnson
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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37
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Lin R, Kim HJ, Achavananthadith S, Xiong Z, Lee JKW, Kong YL, Ho JS. Digitally-embroidered liquid metal electronic textiles for wearable wireless systems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2190. [PMID: 35449159 PMCID: PMC9023486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic textiles capable of sensing, powering, and communication can be used to non-intrusively monitor human health during daily life. However, achieving these functionalities with clothing is challenging because of limitations in the electronic performance, flexibility and robustness of the underlying materials, which must endure repeated mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses during daily use. Here, we demonstrate electronic textile systems with functionalities in near-field powering and communication created by digital embroidery of liquid metal fibers. Owing to the unique electrical and mechanical properties of the liquid metal fibers, these electronic textiles can conform to body surfaces and establish robust wireless connectivity with nearby wearable or implantable devices, even during strenuous exercise. By transferring optimized electromagnetic patterns onto clothing in this way, we demonstrate a washable electronic shirt that can be wirelessly powered by a smartphone and continuously monitor axillary temperature without interfering with daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhou Lin
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Sippanat Achavananthadith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jason K W Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119283, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119076, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yong Lin Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - John S Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Dong Z, Mahfoud Z, Paniagua-Domínguez R, Wang H, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Gorelik S, Ha ST, Tjiptoharsono F, Kuznetsov AI, Bosman M, Yang JKW. Nanoscale mapping of optically inaccessible bound-states-in-the-continuum. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:20. [PMID: 35058424 PMCID: PMC8776833 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bound-states-in-the-continuum (BIC) is an emerging concept in nanophotonics with potential impact in applications, such as hyperspectral imaging, mirror-less lasing, and nonlinear harmonic generation. As true BIC modes are non-radiative, they cannot be excited by using propagating light to investigate their optical characteristics. In this paper, for the 1st time, we map out the strong near-field localization of the true BIC resonance on arrays of silicon nanoantennas, via electron energy loss spectroscopy with a sub-1-nm electron beam. By systematically breaking the designed antenna symmetry, emissive quasi-BIC resonances become visible. This gives a unique experimental tool to determine the coherent interaction length, which we show to require at least six neighboring antenna elements. More importantly, we demonstrate that quasi-BIC resonances are able to enhance localized light emission via the Purcell effect by at least 60 times, as compared to unpatterned silicon. This work is expected to enable practical applications of designed, ultra-compact BIC antennas such as for the controlled, localized excitation of quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zackaria Mahfoud
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergey Gorelik
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, 138669, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Febiana Tjiptoharsono
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michel Bosman
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Singapore.
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Moynihan MA, Goodkin NF, Morgan KM, Kho PYY, Lopes Dos Santos A, Lauro FM, Baker DM, Martin P. Coral-associated nitrogen fixation rates and diazotrophic diversity on a nutrient-replete equatorial reef. ISME J 2022; 16:233-246. [PMID: 34294880 PMCID: PMC8692400 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of diazotrophs in coral physiology and reef biogeochemistry remains poorly understood, in part because N2 fixation rates and diazotrophic community composition have only been jointly analyzed in the tissue of one tropical coral species. We performed field-based 15N2 tracer incubations during nutrient-replete conditions to measure diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) assimilation into three species of scleractinian coral (Pocillopora acuta, Goniopora columna, Platygyra sinensis). Using multi-marker metabarcoding (16S rRNA, nifH, 18S rRNA), we analyzed DNA- and RNA-based communities in coral tissue and skeleton. Despite low N2 fixation rates, DDN assimilation supplied up to 6% of the holobiont's N demand. Active coral-associated diazotrophs were chiefly Cluster I (aerobes or facultative anaerobes), suggesting that oxygen may control coral-associated diazotrophy. Highest N2 fixation rates were observed in the endolithic community (0.20 µg N cm-2 per day). While the diazotrophic community was similar between the tissue and skeleton, RNA:DNA ratios indicate potential differences in relative diazotrophic activity between these compartments. In Pocillopora, DDN was found in endolithic, host, and symbiont compartments, while diazotrophic nifH sequences were only observed in the endolithic layer, suggesting a possible DDN exchange between the endolithic community and the overlying coral tissue. Our findings demonstrate that coral-associated diazotrophy is significant, even in nutrient-rich waters, and suggest that endolithic microbes are major contributors to coral nitrogen cycling on reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Moynihan
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nathalie F Goodkin
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle M Morgan
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phyllis Y Y Kho
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Federico M Lauro
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Baker
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Patrick Martin
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Kongsuphol P, Jia H, Cheng HL, Gu Y, Shunmuganathan BD, Chen MW, Lim SM, Ng SY, Tambyah PA, Nasir H, Gao X, Tay D, Kim S, Gupta R, Qian X, Kozma MM, Purushotorman K, McBee ME, MacAry PA, Sikes HD, Preiser PR. A rapid simple point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Commun Med (Lond) 2021; 1:46. [PMID: 35602218 PMCID: PMC9053278 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-021-00045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) prevent pathogens from infecting host cells. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs is critical to evaluate herd immunity and monitor vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. All currently available NAb tests are lab-based and time-intensive. Method We develop a 10 min cellulose pull-down test to detect NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 from human plasma. The test evaluates the ability of antibodies to disrupt ACE2 receptor-RBD complex formation. The simple, portable, and rapid testing process relies on two key technologies: (i) the vertical-flow paper-based assay format and (ii) the rapid interaction of cellulose binding domain to cellulose paper. Results Here we show the construction of a cellulose-based vertical-flow test. The developed test gives above 80% sensitivity and specificity and up to 93% accuracy as compared to two current lab-based methods using COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Conclusions A rapid 10 min cellulose based test has been developed for detection of NAb against SARS-CoV-2. The test demonstrates comparable performance to the lab-based tests and can be used at Point-of-Care. Importantly, the approach used for this test can be easily extended to test RBD variants or to evaluate NAbs against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patthara Kongsuphol
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Hoi Lok Cheng
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari D/O Shunmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Ming Wei Chen
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Sing Mei Lim
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Say Yong Ng
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Paul Ananth Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
- The Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme (ID TRP), NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
| | - Haziq Nasir
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Gao
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Dousabel Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 25 Ames Street, Building 66, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 25 Ames Street, Building 66, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Life Sciences, #05-02, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Mary M. Kozma
- Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Life Sciences, #05-02, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Megan E. McBee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Paul A. MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Life Sciences, #05-02, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 25 Ames Street, Building 66, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Peter R. Preiser
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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41
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Wang Z, Kalathingal V, Hoang TX, Chu HS, Nijhuis CA. Optical Anisotropy in van der Waals materials: Impact on Direct Excitation of Plasmons and Photons by Quantum Tunneling. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:230. [PMID: 34750346 PMCID: PMC8575904 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons across plasmonic tunnel junctions can lead to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and photon emission. So far, the optical properties of such junctions have been controlled by changing the shape, or the type of the material, of the electrodes, primarily with the aim to improve SPP or photon emission efficiencies. Here we show that by tuning the tunneling barrier itself, the efficiency of the inelastic tunneling rates can be improved by a factor of 3. We exploit the anisotropic nature of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as the tunneling barrier material in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junctions where the Au electrode also serves as a plasmonic strip waveguide. As this junction constitutes an optically transparent hBN-graphene heterostructure on a glass substrate, it forms an open plasmonic system where the SPPs are directly coupled to the dedicated strip waveguide and photons outcouple to the far field. We experimentally and analytically show that the photon emission rate per tunneling electron is significantly improved (~ ×3) in Au//hBN//graphene tunnel junction due to the enhancement in the local density of optical states (LDOS) arising from the hBN anisotropy. With the dedicated strip waveguide, SPP outcoupling efficiency is quantified and is found to be ∼ 80% stronger than the radiative outcoupling in Au//hBN//graphene due to the high LDOS of the SPP decay channel associated with the inelastic tunneling. The new insights elucidated here deepen our understanding of plasmonic tunnel junctions beyond the isotropic models with enhanced LDOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Vijith Kalathingal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117564, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
| | - Thanh Xuan Hoang
- Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Hong-Son Chu
- Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117564, Singapore.
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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42
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Kong X, Kong R, Orban C, Wang P, Zhang S, Anderson K, Holmes A, Murray JD, Deco G, van den Heuvel M, Yeo BTT. Sensory-motor cortices shape functional connectivity dynamics in the human brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6373. [PMID: 34737302 PMCID: PMC8568904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale biophysical circuit models provide mechanistic insights into the micro-scale and macro-scale properties of brain organization that shape complex patterns of spontaneous brain activity. We developed a spatially heterogeneous large-scale dynamical circuit model that allowed for variation in local synaptic properties across the human cortex. Here we show that parameterizing local circuit properties with both anatomical and functional gradients generates more realistic static and dynamic resting-state functional connectivity (FC). Furthermore, empirical and simulated FC dynamics demonstrates remarkably similar sharp transitions in FC patterns, suggesting the existence of multiple attractors. Time-varying regional fMRI amplitude may track multi-stability in FC dynamics. Causal manipulation of the large-scale circuit model suggests that sensory-motor regions are a driver of FC dynamics. Finally, the spatial distribution of sensory-motor drivers matches the principal gradient of gene expression that encompasses certain interneuron classes, suggesting that heterogeneity in excitation-inhibition balance might shape multi-stability in FC dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Kong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru Kong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Csaba Orban
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaoshi Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Avram Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Technology and Information, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martijn van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Alić I, Goh PA, Murray A, Portelius E, Gkanatsiou E, Gough G, Mok KY, Koschut D, Brunmeir R, Yeap YJ, O'Brien NL, Groet J, Shao X, Havlicek S, Dunn NR, Kvartsberg H, Brinkmalm G, Hithersay R, Startin C, Hamburg S, Phillips M, Pervushin K, Turmaine M, Wallon D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Soininen H, Volpi E, Martin JE, Foo JN, Becker DL, Rostagno A, Ghiso J, Krsnik Ž, Šimić G, Kostović I, Mitrečić D, Francis PT, Blennow K, Strydom A, Hardy J, Zetterberg H, Nižetić D. Patient-specific Alzheimer-like pathology in trisomy 21 cerebral organoids reveals BACE2 as a gene dose-sensitive AD suppressor in human brain. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5766-5788. [PMID: 32647257 PMCID: PMC8190957 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A population of more than six million people worldwide at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are those with Down Syndrome (DS, caused by trisomy 21 (T21)), 70% of whom develop dementia during lifetime, caused by an extra copy of β-amyloid-(Aβ)-precursor-protein gene. We report AD-like pathology in cerebral organoids grown in vitro from non-invasively sampled strands of hair from 71% of DS donors. The pathology consisted of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar Aβ deposits, hyperphosphorylated/pathologically conformed Tau, and premature neuronal loss. Presence/absence of AD-like pathology was donor-specific (reproducible between individual organoids/iPSC lines/experiments). Pathology could be triggered in pathology-negative T21 organoids by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of the third copy of chromosome 21 gene BACE2, but prevented by combined chemical β and γ-secretase inhibition. We found that T21 organoids secrete increased proportions of Aβ-preventing (Aβ1-19) and Aβ-degradation products (Aβ1-20 and Aβ1-34). We show these profiles mirror in cerebrospinal fluid of people with DS. We demonstrate that this protective mechanism is mediated by BACE2-trisomy and cross-inhibited by clinically trialled BACE1 inhibitors. Combined, our data prove the physiological role of BACE2 as a dose-sensitive AD-suppressor gene, potentially explaining the dementia delay in ~30% of people with DS. We also show that DS cerebral organoids could be explored as pre-morbid AD-risk population detector and a system for hypothesis-free drug screens as well as identification of natural suppressor genes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Grants
- MR/S011277/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/L501542/1 Medical Research Council
- G-0907 Parkinson's UK
- MR/N026004/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/R024901/1 Medical Research Council
- Wellcome Trust
- 217199 Wellcome Trust
- G0901254 Medical Research Council
- MR/T002581/1 Medical Research Council
- RF1 AG059695 NIA NIH HHS
- G0701075 Medical Research Council
- 098330 Wellcome Trust
- William Harvey Academy Fellowship, co-funded by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n° 608765
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Foundation for Medical Research in France)
- National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister’s office, Republic of Singapore)
- BrightFocus Foundation (BrightFocus)
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas)
- KB holds the Torsten Söderberg Professorship in Medicine at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and is supported by the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-742881), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243), and the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-715986).
- Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
- JH received funding from the Dementia Research Institute, an anonymous foundation and the Dolby foundation
- HZ is a Wallenberg Academy Fellow supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the European Research Council, Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (ALFGBG-720931) the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pollyanna A Goh
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Aoife Murray
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Gillian Gough
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kin Y Mok
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David Koschut
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Niamh L O'Brien
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Jürgen Groet
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Xiaowei Shao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Steven Havlicek
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - N Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Rosalyn Hithersay
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Carla Startin
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sarah Hamburg
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Margaret Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Konstantin Pervushin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Emanuela Volpi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Joanne E Martin
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - David L Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Agueda Rostagno
- Department of Pathology & Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jorge Ghiso
- Department of Pathology & Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Andre Strydom
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - John Hardy
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Dean Nižetić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK.
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Lin CH, Huang RYJ, Lu TP, Kuo KT, Lo KY, Chen CH, Chen IC, Lu YS, Chuang EY, Thiery JP, Huang CS, Cheng AL. High prevalence of APOA1/C3/A4/A5 alterations in luminal breast cancers among young women in East Asia. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:88. [PMID: 34226567 PMCID: PMC8257799 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In East Asia, the breast cancer incidence rate among women aged <50 years has rapidly increased. Emerging tumors are distinctly characterized by a high prevalence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-negative cancer. In the present study, we identified unique genetic alterations in these emerging tumors. We analyzed gene copy number variations (CNVs) in breast tumors from 120 Taiwanese patients, and obtained public datasets of CNV and gene expression (GE). The data regarding CNV and GE were separately compared between East Asian and Western patients, and the overlapping genes identified in the comparisons were explored to identify the gene-gene interaction networks. In the age <50 years/ER + /HER2- subgroup, tumors of East Asian patients exhibited a higher frequency of copy number loss in APOA1/C3/A4/A5, a lipid-metabolizing gene cluster (33 vs. 10%, P < .001) and lower APOA1/C3/A4/A5 expressions than tumors of Western patients. These copy number loss related- and GE-related results were validated in another Taiwanese cohort and in two GE datasets, respectively. The copy number loss was significantly associated with poor survival among Western patients, but not among East Asian patients. Lower APOA1, APOC3, and APOA5 expressions were associated with higher ESTIMATE immune scores, indicating an abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In conclusion, APOA1/C3/A4/A5 copy number loss was more prevalent in luminal breast tumors among East Asian women aged <50 years, and its immunomodulatory effect on the tumor microenvironment possibly plays various roles in the tumor biology of East Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Yun Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology and Cancer Research Centre, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Han S, Yi Z, Zhang J, Gu Q, Liang L, Qin X, Xu J, Wu Y, Xu H, Rao A, Liu X. Photon upconversion through triplet exciton-mediated energy relay. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3704. [PMID: 34140483 PMCID: PMC8211736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of upconversion luminescence from lanthanide emitters through energy migration has profound implications for fundamental research and technology development. However, energy migration-mediated upconversion requires stringent experimental conditions, such as high power excitation and special migratory ions in the host lattice, imposing selection constraints on lanthanide emitters. Here we demonstrate photon upconversion of diverse lanthanide emitters by harnessing triplet exciton-mediated energy relay. Compared with gadolinium-based systems, this energy relay is less dependent on excitation power and enhances the emission intensity of Tb3+ by 158-fold. Mechanistic investigations reveal that emission enhancement is attributable to strong coupling between lanthanides and surface molecules, which enables fast triplet generation (<100 ps) and subsequent near-unity triplet transfer efficiency from surface ligands to lanthanides. Moreover, the energy relay approach supports long-distance energy transfer and allows upconversion modulation in microstructures. These findings enhance fundamental understanding of energy transfer at molecule-nanoparticle interfaces and open exciting avenues for developing hybrid, high-performance optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyang Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhigao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiangbin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qifei Gu
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liangliang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, China.
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
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46
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Shi Y, Ma ZR, Xiao YY, Yin YC, Huang WM, Huang ZC, Zheng YZ, Mu FY, Huang R, Shi GY, Sun YY, Xia XH, Chen W. Electronic metal-support interaction modulates single-atom platinum catalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3021. [PMID: 34021141 PMCID: PMC8140142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuning metal-support interaction has been considered as an effective approach to modulate the electronic structure and catalytic activity of supported metal catalysts. At the atomic level, the understanding of the structure-activity relationship still remains obscure in heterogeneous catalysis, such as the conversion of water (alkaline) or hydronium ions (acid) to hydrogen (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER). Here, we reveal that the fine control over the oxidation states of single-atom Pt catalysts through electronic metal-support interaction significantly modulates the catalytic activities in either acidic or alkaline HER. Combined with detailed spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations, the structure-activity relationship is established by correlating the acidic/alkaline HER activity with the average oxidation state of single-atom Pt and the Pt-H/Pt-OH interaction. This study sheds light on the atomic-level mechanistic understanding of acidic and alkaline HER, and further provides guidelines for the rational design of high-performance single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zhi-Rui Ma
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ying Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun-Chao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Mao Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Chao Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun-Zhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Ya Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, China.
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47
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Wu Y, Xu J, Qin X, Xu J, Liu X. Dynamic upconversion multicolour editing enabled by molecule-assisted opto-electrochemical modulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2022. [PMID: 33795669 PMCID: PMC8016979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling nonlinear optical signals electrically offers many opportunities for technological developments. Lanthanide-activated nanoparticles have recently emerged as leading platforms for nonlinear upconversion of infra-red excitation within nanometric volumes. However, manipulation of upconversion emission is restricted to varying percentages of component materials, nanocrystal structure, and optical pumping conditions. Here, we report temporal modulation of anti-Stokes luminescence by coupling upconversion nanoparticles with an electrochemically responsive molecule. By electrically tailoring orbital energy levels of the molecules anchored on nanoparticle surfaces, we demonstrate reversible control of molecular absorption, resulting in dynamic colour editing of anti-Stokes luminescence at single-particle resolution. Moreover, we show that a programmable logic gate array based on opto-electrochemical modulation can be constructed to convert information-encrypted electrical signals into visible patterns with millisecond photonic readout. These findings offer insights into precise control of anti-Stokes luminescence, while enabling a host of applications from low-threshold infrared logic switches to multichannel, high-fidelity photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, China.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
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48
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Satywali B, Kravchuk VP, Pan L, Raju M, He S, Ma F, Petrović AP, Garst M, Panagopoulos C. Microwave resonances of magnetic skyrmions in thin film multilayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1909. [PMID: 33772026 PMCID: PMC7998029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-collinear magnets exhibit a rich array of dynamic properties at microwave frequencies. They can host nanometre-scale topological textures known as skyrmions, whose spin resonances are expected to be highly sensitive to their local magnetic environment. Here, we report a magnetic resonance study of an [Ir/Fe/Co/Pt] multilayer hosting Néel skyrmions at room temperature. Experiments reveal two distinct resonances of the skyrmion phase during in-plane ac excitation, with frequencies between 6-12 GHz. Complementary micromagnetic simulations indicate that the net magnetic dipole moment rotates counterclockwise (CCW) during both resonances. The magnon probability distribution for the lower-frequency resonance is localised within isolated skyrmions, unlike the higher-frequency mode which principally originates from areas between skyrmions. However, the properties of both modes depend sensitively on the out-of-plane dipolar coupling, which is controlled via the ferromagnetic layer spacing in our heterostructures. The gyrations of stable isolated skyrmions reported in this room temperature study encourage the development of new material platforms and applications based on skyrmion resonances. Moreover, our material architecture enables the resonance spectra to be tuned, thus extending the functionality of such applications over a broadband frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhartendu Satywali
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volodymyr P Kravchuk
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Liqing Pan
- Research Institute for Magnetoelectronics and Weak Magnetic Field Detection, College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - M Raju
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shikun He
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fusheng Ma
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A P Petrović
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Markus Garst
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christos Panagopoulos
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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49
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Arumugam K, Bessarab I, Haryono MAS, Liu X, Zuniga-Montanez RE, Roy S, Qiu G, Drautz-Moses DI, Law YY, Wuertz S, Lauro FM, Huson DH, Williams RBH. Recovery of complete genomes and non-chromosomal replicons from activated sludge enrichment microbial communities with long read metagenome sequencing. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33727564 PMCID: PMC7966762 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New long read sequencing technologies offer huge potential for effective recovery of complete, closed genomes from complex microbial communities. Using long read data (ONT MinION) obtained from an ensemble of activated sludge enrichment bioreactors we recover 22 closed or complete genomes of community members, including several species known to play key functional roles in wastewater bioprocesses, specifically microbes known to exhibit the polyphosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organism phenotypes (namely Candidatus Accumulibacter and Dechloromonas, and Micropruina, Defluviicoccus and Candidatus Contendobacter, respectively), and filamentous bacteria (Thiothrix) associated with the formation and stability of activated sludge flocs. Additionally we demonstrate the recovery of close to 100 circularised plasmids, phages and small microbial genomes from these microbial communities using long read assembled sequence. We describe methods for validating long read assembled genomes using their counterpart short read metagenome-assembled genomes, and assess the influence of different correction procedures on genome quality and predicted gene quality. Our findings establish the feasibility of performing long read metagenome-assembled genome recovery for both chromosomal and non-chromosomal replicons, and demonstrate the value of parallel sampling of moderately complex enrichment communities to obtaining high quality reference genomes of key functional species relevant for wastewater bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Arumugam
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irina Bessarab
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mindia A S Haryono
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rogelio E Zuniga-Montanez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samarpita Roy
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Yu Law
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico M Lauro
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel H Huson
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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50
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Xiang H, Zhao L, Yu L, Chen H, Wei C, Chen Y, Zhao Y. Self-assembled organic nanomedicine enables ultrastable photo-to-heat converting theranostics in the second near-infrared biowindow. Nat Commun 2021; 12:218. [PMID: 33431882 PMCID: PMC7801739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of organic theranostic agents that are active in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) biowindow is of vital significance for treating deep-seated tumors. However, studies on organic NIR-II absorbing agents for photo-to-heat energy-converting theranostics are still rare simply because of tedious synthetic routes to construct extended π systems in the NIR-II region. Herein, we design a convenient strategy to engineer highly stable organic NIR-II absorbing theranostic nanoparticles (Nano-BFF) for effective phototheranostic applications via co-assembling first NIR (NIR-I, 650-1000 nm) absorbing boron difluoride formazanate (BFF) dye with a biocompatible polymer, endowing the Nano-BFF with remarkable theranostic performance in the NIR-II region. In vitro and in vivo investigations validate that Nano-BFF can serve as an efficient theranostic agent to achieve photoacoustic imaging guided deep-tissue photonic hyperthermia in the NIR-II biowindow, achieving dramatic inhibition toward orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. This work thus provides an insight into the exploration of versatile organic NIR-II absorbing nanoparticles toward future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Luodan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chenyang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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