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Dysregulated balance in Th17/Treg axis of Pristane-induced lupus mouse model, are mesenchymal stem cells therapeutic? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109699. [PMID: 36867923 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in general and targeted immunosuppressive therapies, limiting all mainstay treatment options in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases has necessitated the development of new therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged with unique properties, including a solid propensity to reduce inflammation, exert immunomodulatory effects, and repair injured tissues. METHODS An animal model of acquired SLE mice was induced via intraperitoneal immunization with Pristane and affirmed by measuring specific biomarkers. Bone marrow (BM) MSCs were isolated from healthy BALB/c mice and cultured in vitro, then were identified and confirmed by flow cytometry and cytodifferentiation. Systemic MSCs transplantation was performed and then several parameters were analyzed and compared, including specific cytokines (IL-17, IL-4, IFN-ɣ, TGF-β) at the serum level, the percentage of Th cell subsets (Treg/Th17, Th1/Th2) in splenocytes, and also the relief of lupus nephritis, respectively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry analysis and by hematoxylin & eosin staining and also immunofluorescence assessment. Experiments were carried out with different initiation treatment time points (early and late stages of disease). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The rate of proteinuria, anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, and serum creatinine levels decreased with BM-MSCs transplantation. These results were associated with attenuated lupus renal pathology in terms of reducing IgG and C3 deposition and lymphocyte infiltration. Our findings suggested that TGF-β (associated with lupus microenvironment) can contribute to MSC-based immunotherapy by modulating the population of TCD4+ cell subsets. Obtained results indicated that MSCs-based cytotherapy could negatively affect the progression of induced SLE by recovering the function of Treg cells, suppressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocyte function, and downregulating their pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION MSC-based immunotherapy showed a delayed effect on the progression of acquired SLE in a lupus microenvironment-dependent manner. Allogenic MSCs transplantation revealed the ability to re-establish the balance of Th17/Treg, Th1/Th2 and restore the plasma cytokines network in a pattern dependent on disease conditions. The conflicting results of early versus advanced therapy suggest that MSCs may produce different effects depending on when they are administered and their activation status.
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Ueno Y, Hira K, Miyamoto N, Kijima C, Inaba T, Hattori N. Pleiotropic Effects of Exosomes as a Therapy for Stroke Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186894. [PMID: 32962207 PMCID: PMC7555640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability, and stroke survivors suffer from long-term sequelae even after receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and endovascular intracranial thrombectomy. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes, nano-sized extracellular membrane vesicles, enhance neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, all the while suppressing inflammatory reactions, thereby enhancing functional recovery after stroke. A systematic literature review to study the association of stroke recovery with exosome therapy was carried out, analyzing species, stroke model, source of exosomes, behavioral analyses, and outcome data, as well as molecular mechanisms. Thirteen studies were included in the present systematic review. In the majority of studies, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells or stem cells were administered intravenously within 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, showing a significant improvement of neurological severity and motor functions. Specific microRNAs and molecules were identified by mechanistic investigations, and their amplification was shown to further enhance therapeutic effects, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, axonal outgrowth, and synaptogenesis. Overall, this review addresses the current advances in exosome therapy for stroke recovery in preclinical studies, which can hopefully be preparatory steps for the future development of clinical trials involving stroke survivors to improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ueno
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111; Fax: +81-3-5800-0547
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Hwang JW, Lee NK, Yang JH, Son HJ, Bang SI, Chang JW, Na DL. A Comparison of Immune Responses Exerted Following Syngeneic, Allogeneic, and Xenogeneic Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into the Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093052. [PMID: 32357509 PMCID: PMC7246520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their multifactorial aspects, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely established as an attractive and potential candidate for the treatment of a multitude of diseases. A substantial number of studies advocate that MSCs are poorly immunogenic. In several studies, however, immune responses were observed following injections of xenogeneic donor MSCs. In this study, the aim was to examine differences in immune responses exerted based on transplantations of xenogeneic, syngeneic, and allogeneic MSCs in the wild-type mouse brain. Xenogeneic, allogeneic, and syngeneic MSCs were intracerebrally injected into C57BL/6 mice. Mice were sacrificed one week following transplantation. Based on immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, leukocytes and neutrophils were expressed at the injection sites in the following order (highest to lowest) xenogeneic, allogeneic, and syngeneic. In contrast, microglia and macrophages were expressed in the following order (highest to lowest): syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic. Residual human MSCs in the mouse brain were barely detected after seven days. Although the discrepancy between leukocytes versus macrophages/microglia infiltration should be resolved, our results overall argue against the previous notions that MSCs are poorly immunogenic and that modulation of immune responses is a prerequisite for preclinical and clinical studies in MSC therapy of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Je Hoon Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Son
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- R&D Center, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (D.L.N.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-3687 (J.W.C.); +82-2-3410-3591 (D.L.N.); Fax: +82-2-3410-0052 (D.L.N.)
| | - Duk L. Na
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06072, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (D.L.N.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-3687 (J.W.C.); +82-2-3410-3591 (D.L.N.); Fax: +82-2-3410-0052 (D.L.N.)
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Pignon B, Sevestre MA, Kanagaratnam L, Pernod G, Stephan D, Emmerich J, Clement C, Sarlon G, Boulon C, Tournois C, Nguyen P. Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Implantation and Its Impact on the Outcome of Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia - Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Circ J 2017; 81:1713-1720. [PMID: 28603176 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy is a therapeutic option for patients presenting with nonrevascularizable critical limb ischemia (CLI). However there is a lack of firm evidence on its efficacy because of the paucity of randomized controlled trials.Methods and Results:The BALI trial was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial that included 38 patients. For all of them, 500 mL of bone marrow were collected for preparation of a BM-MNC product that was implanted in patients assigned to active treatment. For the placebo group, a placebo cell-free product was implanted. Within 6 months after inclusion, major amputations had to be performed in 5 of the 19 placebo-treated patients and in 3 of the 17 BM-MNC-treated patients. According to a classical logistic regression analysis there was no significant difference. However, when using the jackknife analysis, 6 months after inclusion BM-MNC implantation was associated with a lower risk of major amputation (odds ratio (OR): 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52-0.58; P<0.0001) and of occurrence of any event (major or minor amputation, or revascularization) (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.29-0.31; P<0.0001). The secondary endpoints (i.e., pain, ulcers, TcPO2, and ankle-brachial index value) were not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that cell therapy reduced the risk of major amputation in patients presenting with nonrevascularizable CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gilles Pernod
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital
| | | | - Joseph Emmerich
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Hotel Dieu
| | | | | | - Carine Boulon
- Department of Vascular and Internal Medicine, University Hospital
| | | | - Philippe Nguyen
- Research Unit HERVI EA, Medical School, Champagne-Ardenne University
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Ayerst BI, Smith RAA, Nurcombe V, Day AJ, Merry CLR, Cool SM. Growth Differentiation Factor 5-Mediated Enhancement of Chondrocyte Phenotype Is Inhibited by Heparin: Implications for the Use of Heparin in the Clinic and in Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:275-292. [PMID: 27899064 PMCID: PMC5397242 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparin is widely used in the clinic as an anticoagulant, and researchers are now using it to enhance stem cell expansion/differentiation protocols, as well as to improve the delivery of growth factors for tissue engineering (TE) strategies. Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein family of proteins and is vital for skeletal formation; however, its interaction with heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) has not been studied. We identify GDF5 as a novel heparin/HS binding protein and show that HS proteoglycans are vital in localizing GDF5 to the cell surface. Clinically relevant doses of heparin (≥10 nM), but not equivalent concentrations of HS, were found to inhibit GDF5's biological activity in both human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived chondrocyte pellet cultures and the skeletal cell line ATDC5. We also found that heparin inhibited both GDF5 binding to cell surface HS and GDF5-induced induction of Smad 1/5/8 signaling. Furthermore, GDF5 significantly increased aggrecan gene expression in chondrocyte pellet cultures, without affecting collagen type X expression, making it a promising target for the TE of articular cartilage. Importantly, this study may explain the variable (and disappointing) results seen with heparin-loaded biomaterials for skeletal TE and the adverse skeletal effects reported in the clinic following long-term heparin treatment. Our results caution the use of heparin in the clinic and in TE applications, and prompt the transition to using more specific GAGs (e.g., HS derivatives), with better-defined structures and fewer off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie I Ayerst
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore .,2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony J Day
- 2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- 3 School of Materials, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom .,4 Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M Cool
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore .,5 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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Funderburgh JL, Funderburgh ML, Du Y. Stem Cells in the Limbal Stroma. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:113-20. [PMID: 26804252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corneal stroma contains a population of mesenchymal cells subjacent to the limbal basement membrane with characteristics of adult stem cells. These 'niche cells' support limbal epithelial stem cell viability. In culture by themselves, the niche cells display a phenotype typical of mesenchymal stem cells. These stromal stem cells exhibit a potential to differentiate to multiple cell types, including keratocytes, thus providing an abundant source of these rare cells for experimental and bioengineering applications. Stromal stem cells have also shown the ability to remodel pathological stromal tissue, suppressing inflammation and restoring transparency. Because stromal stem cells can be obtained by biopsy, they offer a potential for autologous stem cell treatment for stromal opacities. This review provides an overview of the status of work on this interesting cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Funderburgh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
| | - Martha L Funderburgh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Clinical Observation of Employment of Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9165267. [PMID: 26770214 PMCID: PMC4684881 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9165267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), known as Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children aged under 17. It may cause sequelae due to lack of effective treatment. The goal of this study is to explore the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for JIA. Ten JIA patients were treated with UC-MSCs and received second infusion three months later. Some key values such as 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), TNF-α, IL-6, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were evaluated. Data were collected at 3 months and 6 months after first treatment. DAS28 score of 10 patients was between 2.6 and 3.2 at three months after infusion. WBC, ESR, and CRP were significantly decreased while Tregs were remarkably increased and IL-6 and TNF-α were declined. Similar changes of above values were found after 6 months. At the same time, the amount of NSAIDS and steroid usage in patients was reduced. However, no significant changes were found comparing the data from 3 and 6 months. These results suggest that UC-MSCs can reduce inflammatory cytokines, improve immune network effects, adjust immune tolerance, and effectively alleviate the symptoms and they might provide a safe and novel approach for JIA treatment.
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Li C, Wei G, Gu Q, Wang Q, Tao S, Xu L. Proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoporosis mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) transfection. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:845-54. [PMID: 25796354 PMCID: PMC4381855 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine whether MSC are excellent materials for MSCs transplantation in the treatment of osteoporosis. Material/Methods We studied normal, osteoporosis, and TERT-transfected MSC from normal and osteoporosis rats to compare the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation using RT-PCR and Western blot by constructing an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis (OVX). The primary MSC from model rats were extracted and cultured to evaluate the proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Results MSCs of osteoporosis rats obviously decreased in proliferation ability and osteogenic differentiation compared to that of normal rats. In contrast, in TERT-transfected MSC, the proliferation and differentiation ability, and especially the ability of osteogenic differentiation, were significantly higher than in osteoporosis MSC. Conclusions TERT-transfected MSCs can help osteoporosis patients in whom MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability are weak, with an increase in both bone mass and bone density, becoming an effective material for autologous transplantation of MSCs in further treatment of osteoporosis. However, studies are still needed to prove the in vivo effect, biological safety, and molecular mechanism of TERT-osteoporosis treatment. Additionally, because the results are from an animal model, more research is needed in generalizing rat model findings to human osteoporosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guojun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qun Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shuqin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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Hu J, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang L, Yu X, Sun R, Wang Z, Wang L, Gao H, Fu Z, Zhao W, Yan S. Effect and mechanisms of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on type 1 diabetes in NOD model. Endocrine 2015; 48:124-34. [PMID: 24590294 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results from an inflammatory destruction of β-cells in islets. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) own a peculiar immunomodulatory feature and might reverse the inflammatory destruction and repair the function of β-cells. Sixty NOD mice were divided into four groups, including normal control group, WJ-MSCs prevention group (before onset), WJ-MSCs treatment group (after onset), and diabetic control group. After homologous therapy, onset time of diabetes, levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fed blood glucose and C-peptide, regulation of cytokines, and islet cells were examined and evaluated. After WJ-MSCs infusion, FPG and fed blood glucose in WJ-MSCs treatment group decreased to normal level in 6-8 days and maintained for 6 weeks. Level of fasting C-peptide of these mice was higher compared to diabetic control mice (P=0.027). In WJ-MSCs prevention group, WJ-MSCs played a protective role for 8-week delayed onset of diabetes, and fasting C-peptide in this group was higher compared to the other two diabetic groups (P=0.013, 0.035). Compared with diabetic control group, frequencies of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in WJ-MSCs prevention group and treatment group were higher, while levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were lower (P<0.001); the degree of insulitis was also depressed, especially for WJ-MSCs prevention group (P<0.05). Infusion of WJ-MSCs could aid in T1DM through regulation of the autoimmunity and recovery of islet β-cells no matter before or after onset of T1DM. WJ-MSCs might be an effective method for T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Hu
- Stem Cell Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Zhu Y, Cheng M, Yang Z, Zeng CY, Chen J, Xie Y, Luo SW, Zhang KH, Zhou SF, Lu NH. Mesenchymal stem cell-based NK4 gene therapy in nude mice bearing gastric cancer xenografts. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2449-62. [PMID: 25525335 PMCID: PMC4267519 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as promising delivery vehicles for gene therapy of tumors. Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality, and novel treatment modalities are urgently needed. NK4 is an antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor receptors (Met) which are often aberrantly activated in gastric cancer and thus represent a useful candidate for targeted therapies. This study investigated MSC-delivered NK4 gene therapy in nude mice bearing gastric cancer xenografts. MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying NK4 complementary DNA or enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). Such transduction did not change the phenotype of MSCs. Gastric cancer xenografts were established in BALB/C nude mice, and the mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), MSCs-GFP, Lenti-NK4, or MSCs-NK4. The tropism of MSCs toward gastric cancer cells was determined by an in vitro migration assay using MKN45 cells, GES-1 cells and human fibroblasts and their presence in tumor xenografts. Tumor growth, tumor cell apoptosis and intratumoral microvessel density of tumor tissue were measured in nude mice bearing gastric cancer xenografts treated with PBS, MSCs-GFP, Lenti-NK4, or MSCs-NK4 via tail vein injection. The results showed that MSCs migrated preferably to gastric cancer cells in vitro. Systemic MSCs-NK4 injection significantly suppressed the growth of gastric cancer xenografts. MSCs-NK4 migrated and accumulated in tumor tissues after systemic injection. The microvessel density of tumor xenografts was decreased, and tumor cellular apoptosis was significantly induced in the mice treated with MSCs-NK4 compared to control mice. These findings demonstrate that MSC-based NK4 gene therapy can obviously inhibit the growth of gastric cancer xenografts, and MSCs are a better vehicle for NK4 gene therapy than lentiviral vectors. Further studies are warranted to explore the efficacy and safety of the MSC-based NK4 gene therapy in animals and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Zeng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xie
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wen Luo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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