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Suri D, Aeshala LM, Palai T. Microbial electrosynthesis of valuable chemicals from the reduction of CO 2: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36591-36614. [PMID: 38772994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The present energy demand of the world is increasing but the fossil fuels are gradually depleting. As a result, the need for alternative fuels and energy sources is growing. Fuel cells could be one alternative to address the challenge. The fuel cell can convert CO2 to value-added chemicals. The potential of bio-fuel cells, specifically enzymatic fuel cells and microbial fuel cells, and the importance of immobilization technology in bio-fuel cells are highlighted. The review paper also includes a detailed explanation of the microbial electrosynthesis system to reduce CO2 and the value-added products during microbial electrosynthesis. Future research in bio-electrochemical synthesis for CO2 conversion is expected to prioritize enhancing biocatalyst efficiency, refining reactor design, exploring novel electrode materials, understanding microbial interactions, integrating renewable energy sources, and investigating electrochemical processes for carbon capture and selective CO2 reduction. The challenges and perspectives of bio-electrochemical systems in the application of CO2 conversion are also discussed. Overall, this review paper provides valuable insights into the latest developments and criteria for effective research and implementation in bio-fuel cells, immobilization technology, and microbial electro-synthesis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Suri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India
| | - Leela Manohar Aeshala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Tapas Palai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India.
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2
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Bolivar JM, Woodley JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6251-6290. [PMID: 35838107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are outstanding (bio)catalysts, not solely on account of their ability to increase reaction rates by up to several orders of magnitude but also for the high degree of substrate specificity, regiospecificity and stereospecificity. The use and development of enzymes as robust biocatalysts is one of the main challenges in biotechnology. However, despite the high specificities and turnover of enzymes, there are also drawbacks. At the industrial level, these drawbacks are typically overcome by resorting to immobilized enzymes to enhance stability. Immobilization of biocatalysts allows their reuse, increases stability, facilitates process control, eases product recovery, and enhances product yield and quality. This is especially important for expensive enzymes, for those obtained in low fermentation yield and with relatively low activity. This review provides an integrated perspective on (multi)enzyme immobilization that abridges a critical evaluation of immobilization methods and carriers, biocatalyst metrics, impact of key carrier features on biocatalyst performance, trends towards miniaturization and detailed illustrative examples that are representative of biocatalytic applications promoting sustainability.
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4
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de Albuquerque TL, de Sousa M, Gomes E Silva NC, Girão Neto CAC, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha MVP. β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Characterization, production, immobilization and applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:881-898. [PMID: 34571129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A review on the enzyme β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis is presented, from the perspective of its structure and mechanisms of action, the main catalyzed reactions, the key factors influencing its activity, and selectivity, as well as the main techniques used for improving the biocatalyst functionality. Particular attention was given to the discussion of hydrolysis, transglycosylation, and galactosylation reactions, which are commonly mediated by this enzyme. In addition, the products generated from these processes were highlighted. Finally, biocatalyst improvement techniques are also discussed, such as enzyme immobilization and protein engineering. On these topics, the most recent immobilization strategies are presented, emphasizing processes that not only allow the recovery of the biocatalyst but also deliver enzymes that show better resistance to high temperatures, chemicals, and inhibitors. In addition, genetic engineering techniques to improve the catalytic properties of the β-galactosidases were reported. This review gathers information to allow the development of biocatalysts based on the β-galactosidase enzyme from K. lactis, aiming to improve existing bioprocesses or develop new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lima de Albuquerque
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marylane de Sousa
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Chaves Girão Neto
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica - CSIC, Campus of excellence UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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5
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Different strategies for the lipase immobilization on the chitosan based supports and their applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:170-195. [PMID: 33667561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have received incredible interests in industry, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and biochemistry sectors due to their various advantages such as ease of separation, multiple reusability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high activity and resistant to environmental changes. This review in between various immobilized enzymes focuses on lipase as one of the most practical enzyme and chitosan as a preferred biosupport for lipase immobilization and provides a broad range of studies of recent decade. We highlight several aspects of lipase immobilization on the surface of chitosan support containing various types of lipase and immobilization techniques from physical adsorption to covalent bonding and cross-linking with their benefits and drawbacks. The recent advances and future perspectives that can improve the present problems with lipase and chitosan such as high-price of lipase and low mechanical resistance of chitosan are also discussed. According to the literature, optimization of immobilization methods, combination of these methods with other techniques, physical and chemical modifications of chitosan, co-immobilization and protein engineering can be useful as a solution to overcome the mentioned limitations.
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6
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Ismail AR, Baek KH. Lipase immobilization with support materials, preparation techniques, and applications: Present and future aspects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1624-1639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Microwave mediated lipase-catalyzed synthesis of n-butyl palmitate and thermodynamic studies. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Taheri-Kafrani A, Kharazmi S, Nasrollahzadeh M, Soozanipour A, Ejeian F, Etedali P, Mansouri-Tehrani HA, Razmjou A, Yek SMG, Varma RS. Recent developments in enzyme immobilization technology for high-throughput processing in food industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3160-3196. [PMID: 32715740 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The demand for food and beverage markets has increased as a result of population increase and in view of health awareness. The quality of products from food processing industry has to be improved economically by incorporating greener methodologies that enhances the safety and shelf life via the enzymes application while maintaining the essential nutritional qualities. The utilization of enzymes is rendered more favorable in industrial practices via the modification of their characteristics as attested by studies on enzyme immobilization pertaining to different stages of food and beverage processing; these studies have enhanced the catalytic activity, stability of enzymes and lowered the overall cost. However, the harsh conditions of industrial processes continue to increase the propensity of enzyme destabilization thus shortening their industrial lifespan namely enzyme leaching, recoverability, uncontrollable orientation and the lack of a general procedure. Innovative studies have strived to provide new tools and materials for the development of systems offering new possibilities for industrial applications of enzymes. Herein, an effort has been made to present up-to-date developments on enzyme immobilization and current challenges in the food and beverage industries in terms of enhancing the enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kharazmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Soozanipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Etedali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mahmoudi-Gom Yek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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9
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Design and Construction of an Effective Expression System with Aldehyde Tag for Site-Specific Enzyme Immobilization. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development and application of site-specific immobilization technology for proteins have undergone significant advances, which avoids the unwanted and random covalent linkage between the support and active site of protein in the covalent immobilization. Formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE) can transform the cysteine from a conversed 6-amino-acid sequence CXPXR into formylglycine with an aldehyde group (also termed as “aldehyde tag”). Based on the frame of pET-28a, the His-tags were replaced with aldehyde tags. Afterward, a set of plasmids were constructed for site-specific covalent immobilization, their His-tags were knock out (DH), or were replaced at different positions: N-terminal (NQ), C-terminal (CQ), or both (DQ) respectively. Three different enzymes, thermophilic acyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.19.1) from Sulfolobus tokodaii (ST0779), thermophilic dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.2) from Sulfolobus tokodaii (ST2570), and Lipase A (EC 3.1.1.3) from Bacillus subtilis (BsLA) were chosen as model enzymes to connect with these plasmid systems. The results showed that different aldehyde-tagged enzymes can be successfully covalently attached to different carriers modified with an amino group, proving the universality of the method. The new immobilized enzyme also presented better thermostability and reutilization than those of the free enzyme.
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10
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Yushkova ED, Nazarova EA, Matyuhina AV, Noskova AO, Shavronskaya DO, Vinogradov VV, Skvortsova NN, Krivoshapkina EF. Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Food Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11553-11567. [PMID: 31553885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are macromolecular biocatalysts, widely used in food industry. In applications, enzymes are often immobilized on inert and insoluble carriers, which increase their efficiency due to multiple reusability. The properties of immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization method and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier usually concerns the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy regeneration and reusability, as well as cost efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of various carriers for enzyme immobilization, with the primary focus on food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Yushkova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Nazarova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Matyuhina
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Alina O Noskova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Darya O Shavronskaya
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | | | - Natalia N Skvortsova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
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11
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Gahlaut A, Hooda V, Gothwal A, Hooda V. Enzyme-Based Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensors for Rapid Assessment of Nitrite Toxicity: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:32-43. [PMID: 29757672 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1461551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present era of rapid international globalization and industrialization, intensive use of nitrite as a fertilizing agent in agriculture, preservative, dyeing agent, food additive and as corrosion inhibitor in industrial sectors is adversely effecting environment, natural habitats and human health. The issue of toxicity and carcinogenicity due to excessive ingestion of nitrites via the dietary intake has led to an imminent need for its efficient real-time monitoring in situ. Nitrite detection employing electrochemical biosensors has been gaining high credibility in the field of clinical research. Nitrite biosensors have emerged as an outstanding choice for portable point of care testing of nitrite quantification owing to the excellent properties, such as rapidity, miniaturization, ultra-low limits of detection, multiplexing and enhanced detection sensitivity. The article is enclosed with an interesting outlook on latest emerging trends in the development of nitrite biosensors utilizing nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanoparticles, nanocomposites, polymers and biomaterials. The present review embarks on the highlights relevant to the nitrite quantification in real samples, then proceeds with a meticulous description of the most pertinent electrochemical nitrite biosensors, which have been proposed by adopting diverse materials and strategies of fabrication and finally end with the achievements and future outlook signifying the application of these nanoengineered biosensors for environmental surveillance and human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Gahlaut
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
| | - Vinita Hooda
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
| | - Ashish Gothwal
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
| | - Vikas Hooda
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
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12
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Immobilization of Lecitase® ultra on recyclable polymer support: application in resolution of trans-methyl (4-methoxyphenyl)glycidate in organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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A high performance bench scale process for isolation from inclusion bodies, refolding and dimerisation of a thiol-engineered recombinant therapeutic protein. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Formulation of Laccase Nanobiocatalysts Based on Ionic and Covalent Interactions for the Enhanced Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative biocatalysis by laccase arises as a promising alternative in the development of advanced oxidation processes for the removal of xenobiotics. The aim of this work is to develop various types of nanobiocatalysts based on laccase immobilized on different superparamagnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles to improve the stability of the biocatalysts. Several techniques of enzyme immobilization were evaluated based on ionic exchange and covalent bonding. The highest yields of laccase immobilization were achieved for the covalent laccase nanoconjugates of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (2.66 U mg−1 NPs), formed by the covalent attachment of the enzyme between the aldehyde groups of the glutaraldehyde-functionalized nanoparticle and the amino groups of the enzyme. Moreover, its application in the biotransformation of phenol as a model recalcitrant compound was tested at different pH and successfully achieved at pH 6 for 24 h. A sequential batch operation was carried out, with complete recovery of the nanobiocatalyst and minimal deactivation of the enzyme after four cycles of phenol oxidation. The major drawback associated with the use of the nanoparticles relies on the energy consumption required for their production and the use of chemicals, that account for a major contribution in the normalized index of 5.28 × 10−3. The reduction of cyclohexane (used in the synthesis of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles) led to a significant lower index (3.62 × 10−3); however, the immobilization was negatively affected, which discouraged this alternative.
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15
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Fogen D, Wu SC, Ng KKS, Wong SL. Engineering Streptavidin and a Streptavidin-Binding Peptide with Infinite Binding Affinity and Reversible Binding Capability: Purification of a Tagged Recombinant Protein to High Purity via Affinity-Driven Thiol Coupling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139137. [PMID: 26406477 PMCID: PMC4583386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To extend and improve the utility of the streptavidin-binding peptide tag (SBP-tag) in applications ranging from affinity purification to the reversible immobilization of recombinant proteins, a cysteine residue was introduced to the streptavidin mutein SAVSBPM18 and the SBP-tag to generate SAVSBPM32 and SBP(A18C), respectively. This pair of derivatives is capable of forming a disulfide bond through the newly introduced cysteine residues. SAVSBPM32 binds SBP-tag and biotin with binding affinities (Kd ~ 10-8M) that are similar to SAVSBPM18. Although SBP(A18C) binds to SAVSBPM32 more weakly than SBP-tag, the binding affinity is sufficient to bring the two binding partners together efficiently before they are locked together via disulfide bond formation–a phenomenon we have named affinity-driven thiol coupling. Under the condition with SBP(A18C) tags in excess, two SBP(A18C) tags can be captured by a tetrameric SAVSBPM32. The stoichiometry of the disulfide-bonded SAVSBPM32-SBP(A18C) complex was determined using a novel two-dimensional electrophoresis method which has general applications for analyzing the composition of disulfide-bonded protein complexes. To illustrate the application of this reversible immobilization technology, optimized conditions were established to use the SAVSBPM32-affinity matrix for the purification of a SBP(A18C)-tagged reporter protein to high purity. Furthermore, we show that the SAVSBPM32-affinity matrix can also be applied to purify a biotinylated protein and a reporter protein tagged with the unmodified SBP-tag. The dual (covalent and non-covalent) binding modes possible in this system offer great flexibility to many different applications which need reversible immobilization capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Fogen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sau-Ching Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenneth Kai-Sing Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sui-Lam Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Mohamad NR, Marzuki NHC, Buang NA, Huyop F, Wahab RA. An overview of technologies for immobilization of enzymes and surface analysis techniques for immobilized enzymes. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:205-220. [PMID: 26019635 PMCID: PMC4434042 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1008192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current demands of sustainable green methodologies have increased the use of enzymatic technology in industrial processes. Employment of enzyme as biocatalysts offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, biodegradability and catalytic efficiency. The harsh conditions of industrial processes, however, increase propensity of enzyme destabilization, shortening their industrial lifespan. Consequently, the technology of enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to circumvent these concerns by enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and also simplify downstream processing and improve operational stability. There are several techniques used to immobilize the enzymes onto supports which range from reversible physical adsorption and ionic linkages, to the irreversible stable covalent bonds. Such techniques produce immobilized enzymes of varying stability due to changes in the surface microenvironment and degree of multipoint attachment. Hence, it is mandatory to obtain information about the structure of the enzyme protein following interaction with the support surface as well as interactions of the enzymes with other proteins. Characterization technologies at the nanoscale level to study enzymes immobilized on surfaces are crucial to obtain valuable qualitative and quantitative information, including morphological visualization of the immobilized enzymes. These technologies are pertinent to assess efficacy of an immobilization technique and development of future enzyme immobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Royhaila Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Haziqah Che Marzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aziah Buang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
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17
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Gioia L, Rodríguez-Couto S, Menéndez MDP, Manta C, Ovsejevi K. Reversible covalent immobilization of Trametes villosa laccase onto thiolsulfinate-agarose: An insoluble biocatalyst with potential for decoloring recalcitrant dyes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:502-13. [PMID: 25196324 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of a solid-phase biocatalyst based on the reversible covalent immobilization of laccase onto thiol-reactive supports (thiolsulfinate-agarose [TSI-agarose]) was performed. To achieve this goal, laccase-producing strains isolated from Eucalyptus globulus were screened and white rot fungus Trametes villosa was selected as the best strain for enzyme production. Reduction of disulfide bonds and introduction of "de novo" thiol groups in partially purified laccase were assessed to perform its reversible covalent immobilization onto thiol-reactive supports (TSI-agarose). Only the thiolation process dramatically improved the immobilization yield, from 0% for the native and reduced enzyme to 60% for the thiolated enzyme. Mild conditions for the immobilization process (pH 7.5 and 4°C) allowed the achievement of nearly 100% of coupling efficiency when low loads were applied. The kinetic parameters, pH, and thermal stabilities for the immobilized biocatalyst were similar to those for the native enzyme. After the first use and three consecutives reuses, the insoluble derivative kept more than 80% of its initial capacity for decolorizing Remazol Brilliant Blue R, showing its suitability for color removal from textile industrial effluents. The possibility of reusing the support was demonstrated by the reversibility of enzyme-support binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gioia
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Couto
- CEIT, Unit of Environmental Engineering, San Sebastian 20018, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carmen Manta
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karen Ovsejevi
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Godoy CA, de las Rivas B, Guisán JM. Site-directing an intense multipoint covalent attachment (MCA) of mutants of the Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase 2 (BTL2): Genetic and chemical amination plus immobilization on a tailor-made support. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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