1
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Zhu Z, Tian J, Geng P, Li M, Cao X. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast factory construction for formate bioconversion. Bioresour Technol 2024; 401:130757. [PMID: 38688392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The photosynthetic autotrophic production of microalgae is limited by the effective supply of carbon and light energy, and the production efficiency is lower than the theoretical value. Represented by methanol, C1 compounds have been industrially produced by artificial photosynthesis with a solar energy efficiency over 10%, but the complexity of artificial products is weak. Here, based on a construction of chloroplast factory, green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC137c was modified for the bioconversion of formate for biomass production. By screening the optimal combination of chloroplast transport peptides, the cabII-1 cTP1 fusion formate dehydrogenase showed significant enhancement on the conversion of formate with a better performance in the maintenance of light reaction activity. This work provided a new way to obtain bioproducts from solar energy and CO2 with potentially higher-than-nature efficiency by the artificial-natural hybrid photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengyu Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Maolong Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Park J, Heo Y, Jeon BW, Jung M, Kim YH, Lee HH, Roh SH. Structure of recombinant formate dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens (MeFDH1). Sci Rep 2024; 14:3819. [PMID: 38360844 PMCID: PMC10869683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is critical for the conversion between formate and carbon dioxide. Despite its importance, the structural complexity of FDH and difficulties in the production of the enzyme have made elucidating its unique physicochemical properties challenging. Here, we purified recombinant Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 FDH (MeFDH1) and used cryo-electron microscopy to determine its structure. We resolved a heterodimeric MeFDH1 structure at a resolution of 2.8 Å, showing a noncanonical active site and a well-embedded Fe-S redox chain relay. In particular, the tungsten bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide active site showed an open configuration with a flexible C-terminal cap domain, suggesting structural and dynamic heterogeneity in the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Heo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soung-Hun Roh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zheng J, You J, Zhang D, Zhang X, Chen F, Yang T, Xu M, Hu Y, Rao Z. Pre-optimization and one-step preparation of cascade enzymes system with broad substrates by model guidance: Application of chiral L-norvaline and L-phenylglycine biosynthesis. Bioresour Technol 2024; 393:130125. [PMID: 38040317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cascade biocatalyst systems with catalytic promiscuity can be used for synthesis of a class of chiral chemicals but the optimization of these systems by model guidance is poorly explored. In this study, a cascade system with broad substrate spectrum was characterized and simulated by kinetic model with substrates of DL-Norvaline (DL-Nor) and DL-Phenylglycine (DL-Phg) as examples. To evaluate the optimal cascade system, maximum accumulation of intermediate products and conversion rate in the process were investigated by simultaneous solution of the rate equations for varying enzyme quantities. According to the simulation results, the cascade system was optimized by regulating the expression of D-amino acid oxidase and formate dehydrogenase and was prepared by one-step. The conversion efficiency of DL-Nor and DL-Phg have been significantly improved compared with that of before optimization. Moreover, the total of L-Nor and L-Phg were reached 498.2 mM and 79.5 mM through a gradient fed-batch conversion strategy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Yuanqing Hu
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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4
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Ostermeier L, Ascani M, Gajardo-Parra N, Sadowski G, Held C, Winter R. Leveraging liquid-liquid phase separation and volume modulation to regulate the enzymatic activity of formate dehydrogenase. Biophys Chem 2024; 304:107128. [PMID: 37922819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of reaction media is an exciting alternative for modulating kinetic properties of biocatalytic reactions. We addressed the combined effect of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and high hydrostatic pressure on the kinetics of the Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of formate to CO2. Pressurization was found to lead to an increase of the binding affinity (decrease of KM, respectively) and a decrease of the turnover number, kcat. The experimental approach was supported using thermodynamic modeling with the electrolyte Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (ePC-SAFT) equation of state to predict the liquid-liquid phase separation and the molecular crowding effect of the ATPS on the kinetic properties. The ePC-SAFT was able to quantitatively predict the KM-values of the substrate in both phases at 1 bar as well as up to a pressure of 1000 bar. The framework presented enables significant advances in bioprocess engineering, including the design of processes with significantly fewer experiments and trial-and-error approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ostermeier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical, Biology, Physical Chemistry I, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Moreno Ascani
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nicolás Gajardo-Parra
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical, Biology, Physical Chemistry I, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Shi HL, Yuan SW, Xi XQ, Xie YL, Yue C, Zhang YJ, Yao LG, Xue C, Tang CD. Engineering of formate dehydrogenase for improving conversion potential of carbon dioxide to formate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:352. [PMID: 37864750 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is a D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase, which can reversibly reduce CO2 to formate and thus act as non-photosynthetic CO2 reductase. In order to increase catalytic efficiency of formate dehydrogenase for CO2 reduction, two mutants V328I/F285W and V354G/F285W were obtained of which reduction activity was about two times more than the parent CbFDHM2, and the formate production from CO2 catalyzed by mutants were 2.9 and 2.7-fold higher than that of the parent CbFDHM2. The mutants had greater potential in CO2 reduction. The optimal temperature for V328I/F285W and V354G/F285W was 55 °C, and they showed increasement of relative activity under 45 °C to 55 °C compared with parent. The optimal pH for the mutants was 9.0, and they showed excellent stability in pH 4.0-11.5. The kcat/Km values of mutants were 1.75 times higher than that of the parent. Then the molecular basis for its improvement of biochemical characteristics were preliminarily elucidated by computer-aided methods. All of these results further established a solid foundation for molecular modification of formate dehydrogenase and CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Shi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Xi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yue
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Mushroom-based Foods, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun-Guang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuang Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cun-Duo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Sapountzaki E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Antonopoulou I. Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO 2 and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202202312. [PMID: 37165995 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions has motivated the development of CO2 capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO2 transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO2 reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier. CO2 conversion to FA, followed by H2 release from FA, are conventionally chemically catalyzed. Biocatalysts offer a highly specific and less energy-intensive alternative. CO2 conversion to formate is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which usually requires a cofactor to function. Several FDHs have been incorporated in bioelectrochemical systems where formate is produced by the biocathode and the cofactor is electrochemically regenerated. H2 production from formate is also catalyzed by several microorganisms possessing either formate hydrogenlyase or hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase complexes. Combination of these two processes can lead to a CO2 -recycling cycle for H2 production, storage, and release with potentially lower environmental impact than conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Sapountzaki
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
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7
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Zhao L, Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang H, Gao X, Qin B, Jia X, You S. A novel NADH-dependent leucine dehydrogenase for multi-step cascade synthesis of L-phosphinothricin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 166:110225. [PMID: 36921551 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
L-Phosphinothricin (L-PPT) is the effective constituent in racemic PPT (a high-efficiency and broad-spectrum herbicide), and the exploitation of green and sustainable synthesis route for L-PPT has always been the focus in pesticide industry. In recent years, "one-pot, two-step" enzyme-mediated cascade strategy is a mainstream pathway to obtain L-PPT. Herein, RgDAAO and BsLeuDH were applied to expand "one-pot, two-step" process. Notably, a NADH-dependent leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsLeuDH) was firstly characterized and attempted to generate L-PPT, achieving an excellent enantioselectivity (99.9% ee). Meanwhile, a formate dehydrogenase from Pichia pastoris (PpFDH) was utilized to implement NADH cofactor regeneration and only CO2 was by-product. Sufficient amount of the corresponding keto acid precursor PPO was obtained by oxidation of D-PPT relying on a D-amino acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis (RgDAAO) with content conversion (46.1%). L-PPT was ultimately prepared from racemized PPT via oxidative deamination catalyzed by RgDAAO and reductive amination catalyzed by BsLeuDH, achieving 80.3% overall yield and > 99.9% ee value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Xiao Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song You
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
A description is provided of the contributions made to our understanding of molybdenum-containing enzymes through the application of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and related methods, by way of illustrating how these can be applied to better understand enzyme structure and function. An emphasis is placed on the use of EPR to identify both the coordination environment of the molybdenum coordination sphere as well as the structures of paramagnetic intermediates observed transiently in the course of reaction that have led to the elucidation of reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russ Hille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.
| | - Dimitri Niks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
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9
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Antonopoulou I, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. CO 2 to Methanol: A Highly Efficient Enzyme Cascade. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2487:317-344. [PMID: 35687244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2269-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been increasingly regarded not only as a greenhouse gas but also as a valuable feedstock for carbon-based chemicals. In particular, biological approaches have drawn attention as models for the production of value-added products, as CO2 conversion serves many natural processes. Enzymatic CO2 reduction in vitro is a very promising route to produce fossil free and bio-based fuel alternatives, such as methanol. In this chapter, the advances in constructing competitive multi-enzymatic systems for the reduction of CO2 to methanol are discussed. Different integrated methods are presented, aiming to address technological challenges, such as the cost effectiveness, need for material regeneration and reuse and improving product yields of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Ar E, Demiroğlu A, Yılmaz MS, Yılmazer B, Aslan ES, Binay B. Enhancing recombinant Chaetomium thermophilium Formate Dehydrogenase Expression with CRISPR Technology. Protein J 2021; 40:504-11. [PMID: 33999303 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of Escherichia coli influences the regulation of bacterial metabolism, which could be useful for the production of different targeted products. The RpoZ gene encodes for the ω subunit of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) and is involved in the regulation of the relA gene pathway. RelA is responsible for the production of guanosine pentaphosphate (ppGpp), which is a major alarmone in the stringent response. Expression of relA is reduced in the early hours of growth of RpoZ mutant E. coli. In the absence of the ω subunit, ppGpp affinity to RNAP is decreased; thus, rpoZ gene deleted E. coli strains show a modified stringent response. We used the E. coli K-12 MG1655 strain that lacks rpoZ (JEN202) to investigate the effect of the modified stringent response on recombinant protein production. However, the absence of the ω subunit results in diminished stability of the RNA polymerase at the promoter site. To avoid this, we used a deactivated CRISPR system that targets the ω subunit to upstream of the promoter site in the expression plasmid. The expression plasmid encodes for Chaetomium thermophilum formate dehydrogenase (CtFDH), a valuable enzyme for cofactor regeneration and CO2 reduction. A higher amount of CtFDH from the soluble fraction was purified from the JEN202 strain compared to the traditional BL21(DE3) method, thus offering a new strategy for batch-based recombinant enzyme production.
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Fuji R, Umezawa K, Mizuguchi M, Ihara M. Protein Engineering of the Soluble Metal-dependent Formate Dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:733-739. [PMID: 33455969 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scp15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Formate is the most targeted C1 building block and electron carrier in the post-petroleum era. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which catalyzes the production or degradation of formate, has acquired considerable attention. Among FDHs, a metal-dependent FDH that carries a complex active center, molybdenum-pterin cofactor, can directly transfer electrons from formate to other redox proteins without generating NAD(P)H. Previously, we reported an expression system for membrane-bound metal-dependent FDH from E. coli (encoded by the fdoG-fdoH-fdoI operon) and succeeded in its conversion to a soluble protein. However, this protein exhibited a too low stability to be purified and analyzed biochemically. In this study, we tried to improve the stability of heterologously expressed FDH through rational and irrational approaches. As a result, a mutant with the highest specific activity was obtained through a rational approach. This study not only yielded a promising FDH enzyme with enhanced activity and stability for industrial applications, but also offered relevant insights for the handling of recombinant large proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Fuji
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Koji Umezawa
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University
| | - Manami Mizuguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Masaki Ihara
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University
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Zuchan K, Baymann F, Baffert C, Brugna M, Nitschke W. The dyad of the Y-junction- and a flavin module unites diverse redox enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2021; 1862:148401. [PMID: 33684340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The concomitant presence of two distinctive polypeptide modules, which we have chosen to denominate as the "Y-junction" and the "flavin" module, is observed in 3D structures of enzymes as functionally diverse as complex I, NAD(P)-dependent [NiFe]-hydrogenases and NAD(P)-dependent formate dehydrogenases. Amino acid sequence conservation furthermore suggests that both modules are also part of NAD(P)-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenases for which no 3D structure model is available yet. The flavin module harbours the site of interaction with the substrate NAD(P) which exchanges two electrons with a strictly conserved flavin moiety. The Y-junction module typically contains four iron-sulphur centres arranged to form a Y-shaped electron transfer conduit and mediates electron transfer between the flavin module and the catalytic units of the respective enzymes. The Y-junction module represents an electron transfer hub with three potential electron entry/exit sites. The pattern of specific redox centres present both in the Y-junction and the flavin module is correlated to present knowledge of these enzymes' functional properties. We have searched publicly accessible genomes for gene clusters containing both the Y-junction and the flavin module to assemble a comprehensive picture of the diversity of enzymes harbouring this dyad of modules and to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships. These analyses indicate the presence of the dyad already in the last universal common ancestor and the emergence of complex I's EFG-module out of a subgroup of NAD(P)- dependent formate dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Zuchan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Frauke Baymann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Carole Baffert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Myriam Brugna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
| | - Wolfgang Nitschke
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Rouf S, Greish YE, Al-Zuhair S. Immobilization of formate dehydrogenase in metal organic frameworks for enhanced conversion of carbon dioxide to formate. Chemosphere 2021; 267:128921. [PMID: 33190911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to formic acid by the enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is a promising technology for reducing CO2 concentrations in an environmentally friendly manner. However, the easy separation of FDH with enhanced stability and reusability is essential to the practical and economical implementation of the process. To achieve this, the enzyme must be used in an immobilized form. However, conventional immobilization by physical adsorption is prone to leaching, resulting in low stability. Although other immobilization methods (such as chemical adsorption) enhance stability, they generally result in low activity. In addition, mass transfer limitations are a major problem with most conventional immobilized enzymes. In this review paper, the effectiveness of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is assessed as a promising alternative support for FDH immobilization. Kinetic mechanisms and stability of wild FDH from various sources were assessed and compared to those of cloned and genetically modified FDH. Various techniques for the synthesis of MOFs and different immobilization strategies are presented, with special emphasis on in situ and post synthetic immobilization of FDH in MOFs for CO2 hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadeera Rouf
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser E Greish
- Chemistry Department, UAE University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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14
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Pietricola G, Tommasi T, Dosa M, Camelin E, Berruto E, Ottone C, Fino D, Cauda V, Piumetti M. Synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous silicas for the immobilization of formate dehydrogenase (FDH). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:261-270. [PMID: 33621575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work studied the influence of the pore size and morphology of the mesoporous silica as support for formate dehydrogenase (FDH), the first enzyme of a multi-enzymatic cascade system to produce methanol, which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid. Specifically, a set of mesoporous silicas was modified with glyoxyl groups to immobilize covalently the FDH obtained from Candida boidinii. Three types of mesoporous silicas with different textural properties were synthesized and used as supports: i) SBA-15 (DP = 4 nm); ii) MCF with 0.5 wt% mesitylene/pluronic ratio (DP = 20 nm) and iii) MCF with 0.75 wt% mesitylene/pluronic ratio (DP = 25 nm). As a whole, the immobilized FDH on MCF0.75 exhibited higher thermal stability than the free enzyme, with 75% of residual activity after 24 h at 50 °C. FDH/MCF0.5 exhibited the best immobilization yields: 69.4% of the enzyme supplied was covalently bound to the support. Interestingly, the specific activity increased as a function of the pore size of support and then the FDH/MCF0.75 exhibited the highest specific activity (namely, 1.05 IU/gMCF0.75) with an immobilization yield of 52.1%. Furthermore, it was noted that the immobilization yield and the specific activity of the FDH/MCF0.75 varied as a function of the supported enzyme: as the enzyme loading increased the immobilization yield decreased while the specific activity increased. Finally, the reuse test has been carried out, and a residual activity greater than 70% was found after 5 cycles of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pietricola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Tonia Tommasi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Melodj Dosa
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Camelin
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Berruto
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Carminna Ottone
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Piumetti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
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15
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Bulut H, Yuksel B, Gul M, Eren M, Karatas E, Kara N, Yilmazer B, Kocyigit A, Labrou NE, Binay B. Conserved Amino Acid Residues that Affect Structural Stability of Candida boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:363-376. [PMID: 32974869 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH; EC 1.2.1.2) from Candida boidinii (CboFDH) has been extensively used in NAD(H)-dependent industrial biocatalysis as well as in the production of renewable fuels and chemicals from carbon dioxide. In the present work, the effect of amino acid residues Phe285, Gln287, and His311 on structural stability was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type and mutant enzymes (Gln287Glu, His311Gln, and Phe285Thr/His311Gln) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to determine the effect of each mutation on thermostability. The results showed the decisive roles of Phe285, Gln287, and His311 on enhancing the enzyme's thermostability. The melting temperatures for the wild-type and the mutant enzymes Gln287Glu, His311Gln, and Phe285Thr/His311Gln were 64, 70, 77, and 73 °C, respectively. The effects of pH and temperature on catalytic activity of the wild-type and mutant enzymes were also investigated. Interestingly, the mutant enzyme His311Gln exhibits a large shift of pH optimum at the basic pH range (1 pH unit) and substantial increase of the optimum temperature (25 °C). The present work supports the multifunctional role of the conserved residues Phe285, Gln287, and His311 and further underlines their pivotal roles as targets in protein engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huri Bulut
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Yuksel
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34467, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34467, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Eren
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34467, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nazli Kara
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berin Yilmazer
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Medical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Gr-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Baris Binay
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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16
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Artiukhov AV, Pometun AA, Zubanova SA, Tishkov VI, Bunik VI. Advantages of formate dehydrogenase reaction for efficient NAD + quantification in biological samples. Anal Biochem 2020; 603:113797. [PMID: 32562604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The medical significance of NAD+-dependent metabolic regulation acquires increasing attention, demanding rapid and clinically feasible quantification of NAD+ in complex biological samples. Here we describe the usage of formate dehydrogenase for a straightforward and highly specific fluorometric assay of NAD+ in tissue extracts, not requiring chromatographic separation of nucleotides. The assay employs the irreversible reaction of formate oxidation coupled to NAD+ reduction, catalyzed by the enzyme which has high affinity and specificity to NAD+, and is stable under a variety of conditions. The assay reliably quantifies NAD+ in the methanol extracts of the rat brain cortex and mitochondria.
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17
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Jiang HW, Chen Q, Pan J, Zheng GW, Xu JH. Rational Engineering of Formate Dehydrogenase Substrate/Cofactor Affinity for Better Performance in NADPH Regeneration. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:530-543. [PMID: 32405732 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenases are critical tools for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration, but their limited catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) is a major drawback. A formate dehydrogenase from Burkholderia stabilis 15516 (BstFDH) was the first native NADP+-dependent formate dehydrogenase reported and has the highest kcat/Km toward NADP+ (kcat/KmNADP+) compared with other FDHs that can utilize NADP+ as a hydrogen acceptor. However, the substrate and cofactor affinities of BstFDH are inferior to those of other FDHs, making its practical application difficult. Herein, we engineered recombinant BstFDH to enhance its HCOO- and NADP+ affinities. Based on sequence information analysis and homologous modeling results, I124, G146, S262, and A287 were found to affect the binding affinity for HCOO- and NADP+. By combining these mutations, we identified a BstFDH variant (G146M/A287G) that reduced KmNADP+ to 0.09 mM, with a concomitant decrease in KmHCOO-, and gave 1.6-fold higher kcat/KmNADP+ than the wild type (WT). Furthermore, BstFDH I124V/G146H/A287G, with the lowest KmHCOO- of 8.51 mM, showed a catalytic efficiency that was 2.3-fold higher than that of the wild type and a decreased KmNADP+ of 0.11 mM. These results are beneficial for improving the performance of NADP+-dependent formate dehydrogenase in the NADPH regeneration of various bioreductive reactions and provide a useful guide for engineering of the substrate and cofactor affinity of other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Schwarz FM, Müller V. Whole-cell biocatalysis for hydrogen storage and syngas conversion to formate using a thermophilic acetogen. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:32. [PMID: 32140177 PMCID: PMC7048051 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In times of global climate change, the conversion and capturing of inorganic CO2 have gained increased attention because of its great potential as sustainable feedstock in the production of biofuels and biochemicals. CO2 is not only the substrate for the production of value-added chemicals in CO2-based bioprocesses, it can also be directly hydrated to formic acid, a so-called liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), by chemical and biological catalysts. Recently, a new group of enzymes were discovered in the two acetogenic bacteria Acetobacterium woodii and Thermoanaerobacter kivui which catalyze the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid with exceptional high rates, the hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductases (HDCRs). Since these enzymes are promising biocatalysts for the capturing of CO2 and the storage of molecular hydrogen in form of formic acid, we designed a whole-cell approach for T. kivui to take advantage of using whole cells from a thermophilic organism as H2/CO2 storage platform. Additionally, T. kivui cells were used as microbial cell factories for the production of formic acid from syngas. RESULTS This study demonstrates the efficient whole-cell biocatalysis for the conversion of H2 + CO2 to formic acid in the presence of bicarbonate by T. kivui. Interestingly, the addition of KHCO3 not only stimulated formate formation dramatically but it also completely abolished unwanted side product formation (acetate) under these conditions and bicarbonate was shown to inhibit the membrane-bound ATP synthase. Cell suspensions reached specific formate production rates of 234 mmol gprotein -1 h-1 (152 mmol gCDW -1 h-1), the highest rates ever reported in closed-batch conditions. The volumetric formate production rate was 270 mmol L-1 h-1 at 4 mg mL-1. Additionally, this study is the first demonstration that syngas can be converted exclusively to formate using an acetogenic bacterium and high titers up to 130 mM of formate were reached. CONCLUSIONS The thermophilic acetogenic bacterium T. kivui is an efficient biocatalyst which makes this organism a promising candidate for future biotechnological applications in hydrogen storage, CO2 capturing and syngas conversion to formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schwarz
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Kurayama F, Mohammed Bahadur N, Furusawa T, Sato M, Suzuki N. Facile preparation of aminosilane-alginate hybrid beads for enzyme immobilization: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1203-1212. [PMID: 31751729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, facile and potential platform for enzyme immobilization using alginate-based beads has been demonstrated by simultaneous gelation and modification of alginate using calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). In this method, sodium alginate solution containing enzyme was simply dripped into a crosslinker solution containing CaCl2 and APTES, leading to the formation of APTES-alginate hybrid beads (AP-beads). The optical observation, FT-IR analysis and amino group measurements provided evidence that APTES was successfully adsorbed to the alginate chain via electrostatic interaction. On the assumption that the binding of Ca2+ ion to polymannuronate residues of alginate via bidentate bridging coordination is competitive with APTES, the equilibrium isotherm and kinetics for the adsorption of APTES to AP-beads was found to follow extended Langmuir isotherm in binary system. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) as a model enzyme was successfully immobilized in AP-beads and the immobilization yield of ca. 100% could be achieved under optimal conditions of CaCl2 and APTES concentrations in crosslinker solution. Furthermore, the AP-beads were reused efficiently for 9 cycles without loss of FDH activity. The above results demonstrated that AP-beads were effective support for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Kurayama
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Takeshi Furusawa
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Masahide Sato
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
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20
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Walker LM, Li B, Niks D, Hille R, Elliott SJ. Deconvolution of reduction potentials of formate dehydrogenase from Cupriavidus necator. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:889-898. [PMID: 31463592 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The formate dehydrogenase enzyme from Cupriavidus necator (FdsABG) carries out the two-electron oxidation of formate to CO2, but is also capable of reducing CO2 back to formate, a potential biofuel. FdsABG is a heterotrimeric enzyme that performs this transformation using nine redox-active cofactors: a bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) (bis-MGD) at the active site coupled to seven iron-sulfur clusters, and one equivalent of flavin mononucleotide (FMN). To better understand the pathway of electron flow in FdsABG, the reduction potentials of the various cofactors were examined through direct electrochemistry. Given the redundancy of cofactors, a truncated form of the FdsA subunit was developed that possesses only the bis-MGD active site and a singular [4Fe-4S] cluster. Electrochemical characterization of FdsABG compared to truncated FdsA shows that the measured reduction potentials are remarkably similar despite the truncation with two observable features at - 265 mV and - 455 mV vs SHE, indicating that the voltammetry of the truncated enzyme is representative of the reduction potentials of the intact heterotrimer. By producing truncated FdsA without the necessary maturation factors required for bis-MGD insertion, a form of the truncated FdsA that possesses only the [4Fe-4S] was produced, which gives a single voltammetric feature at - 525 mV, allowing the contributions of the molybdenum cofactor to be associated with the observed feature at - 265 mV. This method allowed for the deconvolution of reduction potentials for an enzyme with highly complex cofactor content to know more about the thermodynamic landscape of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dimitri Niks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Russ Hille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sean J Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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21
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Cordas CM, Campaniço M, Baptista R, Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJG. Direct electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by a molybdenum-containing formate dehydrogenase. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 196:110694. [PMID: 31005821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenase enzymes catalyse the reversible two-electron oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. The class of metal-dependent formate dehydrogenases comprises prokaryotic enzymes holding redox-active centres and a catalytic site, containing either molybdenum or tungsten ion, that mediates the formate/carbon dioxide interconversion. The carbon dioxide reduction is of a particular interest, since it may be a route for its atmospheric mitigation with the simultaneous production of added-value products, as formate-derived compounds. Recently, the periplasmic formate dehydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, a molybdenum-containing enzyme, was proven to be an efficient enzyme for the CO2 reduction to formate. In this work, the immobilized formate dehydrogenase isolated from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans direct electrochemical behaviour was attained in the presence and absence of substrates and the formal potentials associated with the catalytic centre transitions were determined in non-turnover conditions. The enzyme catalytic activity towards carbon dioxide reduction was observed using direct electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Cordas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Campaniço
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Baptista
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luísa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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22
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Abstract
Hydrogenase enzymes are currently under the international research spotlight due to emphasis on biologically produced hydrogen as one potential energy carrier to relinquish the requirement for 'fossil fuel' derived energy. Three major classes of hydrogenase exist in microbes all able to catalyze the reversible oxidation of dihydrogen to protons and electrons. These classes are defined by their active site metal content: [NiFe]-; [FeFe]- and [Fe]-hydrogenases. Of these the [NiFe]-hydrogenases have links to ancient forms of metabolism, utilizing hydrogen as the original source of reductant on Earth. This review progresses to highlight the Group 4 [NiFe]-hydrogenase enzymes that preferentially generate hydrogen exploiting various partner enzymes or ferredoxin, while in some cases translocating ions across biological membranes. Specific focus is paid to Group 4A, the Formate hydrogenlyase complexes. These are the combination of a six or nine subunit [NiFe]-hydrogenase with a soluble formate dehydrogenase to derived electrons from formate oxidation for proton reduction. The incidence, physiology, structure and biotechnological application of these complexes will be explored with attention on Escherichia coli Formate Hydrogenlyase-1 (FHL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Finney
- Devonshire Centre for Biosystems Science & Engineering, School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Sargent
- Devonshire Centre for Biosystems Science & Engineering, School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
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23
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Abstract
Hydrogenases are metal-containing biocatalysts that reversibly convert protons and electrons to hydrogen gas. This reaction can contribute in different ways to the generation of the proton motive force (PMF) of a cell. One means of PMF generation involves reduction of protons on the inside of the cytoplasmic membrane, releasing H2 gas, which being without charge is freely diffusible across the cytoplasmic membrane, where it can be re-oxidized to release protons. A second route of PMF generation couples transfer of electrons derived from H2 oxidation to quinone reduction and concomitant proton uptake at the membrane-bound heme cofactor. This redox-loop mechanism, as originally formulated by Mitchell, requires a second, catalytically distinct, enzyme complex to re-oxidize quinol and release the protons outside the cell. A third way of generating PMF is also by electron transfer to quinones but on the outside of the membrane while directly drawing protons through the entire membrane. The cofactor-less membrane subunits involved are proposed to operate by a conformational mechanism (redox-linked proton pump). Finally, PMF can be generated through an electron bifurcation mechanism, whereby an exergonic reaction is tightly coupled with an endergonic reaction. In all cases the protons can be channelled back inside through a F1F0-ATPase to convert the 'energy' stored in the PMF into the universal cellular energy currency, ATP. New and exciting discoveries employing these mechanisms have recently been made on the bioenergetics of hydrogenases, which will be discussed here and placed in the context of their contribution to energy conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Pinske
- Institute of Biology/Microbiology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) are metalloenzymes that catalyse the reversible conversion of formate to carbon dioxide. Since such a process may be used to combat the greenhouse effect, FDHs have been extensively studied by experimental and theoretical methods. However, the reaction mechanism is still not clear; instead five putative mechanisms have been suggested. In this work, the reaction mechanism of FDH was studied by computational methods. Combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanic (QM/MM) optimisations were performed to obtain the geometries. To get more accurate energies and obtain a detailed account of the surroundings, big-QM calculations with a very large (1121 atoms) QM region were performed. Our results indicate that the formate substrate does not coordinate directly to Mo when it enters the oxidised active site of the FDH, but instead resides in the second coordination sphere. The sulfido ligand abstracts a hydride ion from the substrate, giving a Mo(IV)-SH state and a thiocarbonate ion attached to Cys196. The latter releases CO2 when the active site is oxidised back to the resting (MoVI) state. This mechanism is supported by recent experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Dong
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 514041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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25
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Abstract
Two factors, climate change brought on by rising atmospheric CO2 levels and the accelerating shift toward renewable energy sources, have together worked to heighten interest in understanding how biological catalysts so effectively bring about the reduction of CO2 to formate, with potential applications for both bioremediation and energy storage. Most metal-dependent formate dehydrogenases, containing either molybdenum or tungsten in their active sites, function physiologically in the direction of formate oxidation to CO2, but it has become clear that many, if not all, are also effective in catalyzing the reverse reaction. In this chapter, we describe methods for isolating and characterizing these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Niks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Russ Hille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.
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26
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Kurt-Gür G, Demirci H, Sunulu A, Ordu E. Stress response of NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase in Gossypium hirsutum L. grown under copper toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:31679-31690. [PMID: 30209765 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which is not directly involved in the food chain, appears to be a suitable candidate to remove heavy metals from the food chain and to be a commercial plant which could be planted in contaminated soils. The key point of this approach is selection of the right genotype, which has heavy metal resistance or hyperaccumulation properties. Therefore, in the present study, two G. hirsutum genotypes, Erşan-92 and N-84S, were grown under copper stress and investigated to obtain further insights about the heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of plants by focusing on the expression of NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH). In accordance with the results, which were obtained from RT-PCR analysis and activity measurements, in the Erşan-92 root tissue, FDH activity increased significantly with increasing metal concentrations and a 6.35-fold higher FDH activity was observed in the presence of 100-μM Cu. As opposed to Erşan-92, the maximum FDH activity in the roots of N-84S, which were untreated with copper as the control plants, was measured as 0.0141-U mg-1 g-1 FW, and the activity decreased significantly with the increasing metal concentrations. The metallothionein (GhMT3a) transcript level of the plants grown in a medium containing different Cu concentrations showed nearly the same pattern as that of the FDH gene transcription. It was observed that while the tolerance of N-84S in the lower Cu concentration reduces remarkably, Erşan-92 continues to struggle up to 100-μM Cu. The results of the SOD analysis also confirm this activity of Erşan-92 against the Cu stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günseli Kurt-Gür
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Sunulu
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Ordu
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Alpdağtaş S, Çelik A, Ertan F, Binay B. DMSO tolerant NAD(P)H recycler enzyme from a pathogenic bacterium, Burkholderia dolosa PC543: effect of N-/C-terminal His Tag extension on protein solubility and activity. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:893-903. [PMID: 32624883 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)+ dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is an oxidoreductase used as a biocatalyst to regenerate NAD(P)H in reductase-mediated chiral synthesis reactions. Solvent stability and the need to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, due to the high cost of NADPH, are required features in the industrial usage of FDHs. Therefore, we aimed to identify a novel, robust NADP+ dependent FDH and evaluate the effect of N- and C- terminus His tag extensions on protein solubility and activity. Herein, we report a novel, DMSO tolerant formate dehydrogenase (BdFDH), which has dual coenzyme specificity and tolerance to acidic pH, from Burkholderia dolosa PC543. N- and C-terminus His-tagged BdFDHs were expressed separately in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The C-terminal His-tagged BdFDH was soluble and active whereas the N-terminal version was not. The enzyme displays dual coenzyme specificity and resistance to some organic solvents, particularly DMSO, and is able to tolerate acidic pH conditions. The apparent KM values for NADP+, NAD+ and sodium formate (with NADP+), are 1.17, 14.7 and 5.66 mM, respectively. As a result, due to its DMSO tolerance and coenzyme preference, this enzyme can be utilized as an NAD(P)H recycler in several biotransformations particularly when carried out under acidic conditions. Moreover, it can be said that the position of the His tag extension may affect the enzyme solubility and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayhan Çelik
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Fatma Ertan
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Barış Binay
- Department of Bioengineering Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
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28
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Kurt-Gür G, Ordu E. Characterization of a novel thermotolerant NAD +-dependent formate dehydrogenase from hot climate plant cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). 3 Biotech 2018; 8:175. [PMID: 29556429 PMCID: PMC5845482 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenases (FDH, EC 1.2.1.2), providing energy to the cell in methylotrophic microorganisms, are stress proteins in higher plants and the level of FDH expression increases under several abiotic and biotic stress conditions. They are biotechnologically important enzymes in NAD(P)H regeneration as well as CO2 reduction. Here, the truncated form of the Gossypium hirsutum fdh1 cDNA was cloned into pQE-2 vector, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli DH5α-T1 cells. Recombinant GhFDH1 was purified 26.3-fold with a yield of 87.3%. Optimum activity was observed at pH 7.0, when substrate is formate. Kinetic analyses suggest that GhFDH1 has considerably high affinity to formate (0.76 ± 0.07 mM) and NAD+ (0.06 ± 0.01 mM). At the same time, the affinity (1.98 ± 0.4 mM) and catalytic efficiency (0.0041) values of the enzyme for NADP+ show that GhFDH1 is a valuable enzyme for protein engineering studies that is trying to change the coenzyme preference from NAD to NADP which has a much higher cost than that of NAD. Improving the NADP specificity is important for NADPH regeneration which is an important coenzyme used in many biotechnological production processes. The Tm value of GhFDH1 is 53.3 °C and the highest enzyme activity is measured at 30 °C with a half-life of 61 h. Whilst further improvements are still required, the obtained results show that GhFDH1 is a promising enzyme for NAD(P)H regeneration for its prominent thermostability and NADP+ specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günseli Kurt-Gür
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Davutpasa Campus Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Ordu
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Davutpasa Campus Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Lin P, Zhang Y, Ren H, Wang Y, Wang S, Fang B. Assembly of graphene oxide- formate dehydrogenase composites by nickel-coordination with enhanced stability and reusability. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:326-333. [PMID: 32624912 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Featuring unique planar structure, large surface area and biocompatibility, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely taken as an ideal scaffold for the immobilization of various enzymes. In this regard, nickel-coordinated graphene oxide composites (GO-Ni) were prepared as novel supporters for the immobilization of formate dehydrogenase. The catalytic activity, stability and morphology were studied. Compared with GO, the enzyme loading capacity of GO-Ni was enhanced by 5.2-fold, besides the immobilized enzyme GO-Ni-FDH exhibited better thermostability, storage stability and reuse stability than GO-FDH. GO-Ni-FDH retained 40.9% of its initial activity after 3 h at 60°C, and retained 31.4% of its initial relative activity after 20 days' storage at 4°C. After eight times usages, GO-Ni-FDH maintained 63.8% of its initial activity. Mechanism insights of the multiple interactions of enzyme with the GO-Ni were studied, considering coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, coordination bonds, and etc. A practical and simple immobilization strategy by metal ions coordination for multimeric dehydrogenase was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
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30
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Wang R, Zeng Z, Guo H, Tan H, Liu A, Zhao Y, Chen L. Over-expression of the Arabidopsis formate dehydrogenase in chloroplasts enhances formaldehyde uptake and metabolism in transgenic tobacco leaves. Planta 2018; 247:339-354. [PMID: 28988354 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Over-expression of AtFDH controlled by the promoter of Rubisco small subunit in chloroplasts increases formaldehyde uptake and metabolism in tobacco leaves. Our previous study showed that formaldehyde (HCHO) uptake and resistance in tobacco are weaker than in Arabidopsis. Formate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis (AtFDH) is a key enzyme in HCHO metabolism by oxidation of HCOOH to CO2, which enters the Calvin cycle to be assimilated into glucose. HCHO metabolic mechanism in tobacco differs from that in Arabidopsis. In this study, AtFDH was over-expressed in the chloroplasts of transgenic tobacco using a light inducible promoter. 13C-NMR analysis showed that the carbon flux from H13CHO metabolism was not introduced into the Calvin cycle to produce glucose in transgenic tobacco leaves. However, the over-expression of AtFDH significantly enhanced the HCHO metabolism in transgenic leaves. Consequently, the productions of [4-13C]Asn, [3-13C]Gln, [U-13C]oxalate, and H13COOH were notably greater in transgenic leaves than in non-transformed leaves after treatment with H13CHO. The increased stomatal conductance and aperture in transgenic leaves might be ascribed to the increased yield of oxalate in the guard cells with over-expressed AtFDH in chloroplasts. Accordingly, the transgenic plants exhibited a stronger capacity to absorb gaseous HCHO. Furthermore, the higher proline content in transgenic leaves compared with non-transformed leaves under HCHO stress might be attributable to the excess formate accumulation and Gln production. Consequently, the HCHO-induced oxidative stress was reduced in transgenic leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhidong Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ang Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China.
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31
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McNeilly D, Schofield A, Stone SL. Degradation of the stress-responsive enzyme formate dehydrogenase by the RING-type E3 ligase Keep on Going and the ubiquitin 26S proteasome system. Plant Mol Biol 2018; 96:265-278. [PMID: 29270890 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
KEG is involved in mediating the proteasome-dependent degradation of FDH, a stress-responsive enzyme. The UPS may function to suppress FDH mediated stress responses under favorable growth conditions. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) has been studied in bacteria and yeasts for the purpose of industrial application of NADH co-factor regeneration. In plants, FDH is regarded as a universal stress protein involved in responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Here we show that FDH abundance is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). FDH is ubiquitinated in planta and degraded by the 26S proteasome. Interaction assays identified FDH as a potential substrate for the RING-type ubiquitin ligase Keep on Going (KEG). KEG is capable of attaching ubiquitin to FDH in in vitro assays and the turnover of FDH was increased when co-expressed with a functional KEG in planta, suggesting that KEG contributes to FDH degradation. Consistent with a role in regulating FDH abundance, transgenic plants overexpressing KEG were more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of formate. In addition, FDH is a phosphoprotein and dephosphorylation was found to increase the stability of FDH in degradation assays. Based on results from this and previous studies, we propose a model where KEG mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of phosphorylated FDH and, in response to unfavourable growth conditions, reduction in FDH phosphorylation levels may prohibit turnover allowing the stabilized FDH to facilitate stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl McNeilly
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Andrew Schofield
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Sophia L Stone
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada.
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32
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Marinou M, Platis D, Ataya FS, Chronopoulou E, Vlachakis D, Labrou NE. Structure-based design and application of a nucleotide coenzyme mimetic ligand: Application to the affinity purification of nucleotide dependent enzymes. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1535:88-100. [PMID: 29331223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a structure-based approach was exploited for the in silico design of a nucleotide coenzyme mimetic ligand. The enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) was employed as a model in our study. The biomimetic ligand was designed and synthesized based on a tryptamine/3-aminopropylphosphonic acid bi-substituted 1,3,5-triazine (Trz) scaffold (Tra-Trz-3APP), which potentially mimics the interactions of NAD+-FDH complex. Molecular docking studies of the biomimetic ligand predicted that it can occupy the same binding site as the natural coenzyme. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations revealed that the ligand binds in an energetically more stable pose in the FDH binding site, as it adopts a more twisty conformation, compared to the natural coenzyme. Study of the FDH/Tra-Trz-3APP-Sepharose interaction, through adsorption equilibrium studies and site-directed mutagenesis of selected FDH coenzyme binding residues, provided additional experimental evidences of the specificity of the interaction. The Tra-Trz-3APP-Sepharose biomimetic adsorbent was further evaluated towards a range of different dehydrogenases and was exploited for the development of a single-step purification protocol for FDH. The protocol afforded enzyme with high yield and purity, suitable for analytical and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marigianna Marinou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Platis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Farid S Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evangelia Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Genetics and Structural Bioinformatics Group, Division of Clinical - Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece.
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33
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Kottenhahn P, Schuchmann K, Müller V. Efficient whole cell biocatalyst for formate-based hydrogen production. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:93. [PMID: 29619089 PMCID: PMC5879573 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an attractive future energy carrier to replace fossil fuels. Biologically and sustainably produced H2 could contribute significantly to the future energy mix. However, biological H2 production methods are faced with multiple barriers including substrate cost, low production rates, and low yields. The C1 compound formate is a promising substrate for biological H2 production, as it can be produced itself from various sources including electrochemical reduction of CO2 or from synthesis gas. Many microbes that can produce H2 from formate have been isolated; however, in most cases H2 production rates cannot compete with other H2 production methods. RESULTS We established a formate-based H2 production method utilizing the acetogenic bacterium Acetobacterium woodii. This organism can use formate as sole energy and carbon source and possesses a novel enzyme complex, the hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase that catalyzes oxidation of formate to H2 and CO2. Cell suspensions reached specific formate-dependent H2 production rates of 71 mmol gprotein-1 h-1 (30.5 mmol gCDW-1 h-1) and maximum volumetric H2 evolution rates of 79 mmol L-1 h-1. Using growing cells in a two-step closed batch fermentation, specific H2 production rates reached 66 mmol gCDW-1 h-1 with a volumetric H2 evolution rate of 7.9 mmol L-1 h-1. Acetate was the major side product that decreased the H2 yield. We demonstrate that inhibition of the energy metabolism by addition of a sodium ionophore is suitable to completely abolish acetate formation. Under these conditions, yields up to 1 mol H2 per mol formate were achieved. The same ionophore can be used in cultures utilizing formate as specific switch from a growing phase to a H2 production phase. CONCLUSIONS Acetobacterium woodii reached one of the highest formate-dependent specific H2 productivity rates at ambient temperatures reported so far for an organism without genetic modification and converted the substrate exclusively to H2. This makes this organism a very promising candidate for sustainable H2 production and, because of the reversibility of the A. woodii enzyme, also a candidate for reversible H2 storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kottenhahn
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kai Schuchmann
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Schwarz FM, Schuchmann K, Müller V. Hydrogenation of CO 2 at ambient pressure catalyzed by a highly active thermostable biocatalyst. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:237. [PMID: 30186365 PMCID: PMC6119302 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replacing fossil fuels as energy carrier requires alternatives that combine sustainable production, high volumetric energy density, easy and fast refueling for mobile applications, and preferably low risk of hazard. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been considered as promising alternative; however, practical application is struggling because of the low volumetric energy density and the explosion hazard when stored in large amounts. One way to overcome these limitations is the transient conversion of H2 into other chemicals with increased volumetric energy density and lower risk hazard, for example so-called liquid organic hydrogen carriers such as formic acid/formate that is obtained by hydrogenation of CO2. Many homogenous and heterogenous chemical catalysts have been described in the past years, however, often requiring high pressures and temperatures. Recently, the first biocatalyst for this reaction has been described opening the route to a biotechnological alternative for this conversion. RESULTS The hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (HDCR) is a highly active biocatalyst for storing H2 in the form of formic acid/formate by reversibly catalyzing the hydrogenation of CO2. We report the identification, isolation, and characterization of the first thermostable HDCR operating at temperatures up to 70 °C. The enzyme was isolated from the thermophilic acetogenic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui and displays exceptionally high activities in both reaction directions, substantially exceeding known chemical catalysts. CO2 hydrogenation is catalyzed at mild conditions with a turnover frequency of 9,556,000 h-1 (specific activity of 900 µmol formate min-1 mg-1) and the reverse reaction, H2 + CO2 release from formate, is catalyzed with a turnover frequency of 9,892,000 h-1 (930 µmol H2 min-1 mg-1). The HDCR of T. kivui consists of a [FeFe] hydrogenase subunit putatively coupled to a tungsten-dependent CO2 reductase/formate dehydrogenase subunit by an array of iron-sulfur clusters. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of the first thermostable HDCR provides a promising biological alternative for a chemically challenging reaction and might serve as model for the better understanding of catalysts able to efficiently reduce CO2. The catalytic activity for reversible CO2 hydrogenation of this enzyme is the highest activity known for bio- and chemical catalysts and requiring only ambient temperatures and pressures. The thermostability provides more flexibility regarding the process parameters for a biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schwarz
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Schuchmann
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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35
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Takacs M, Makhlynets OV, Tolbert PL, Korendovych IV. Secretion of functional formate dehydrogenase in Pichia pastoris. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:381-386. [PMID: 28201611 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofuels are an important tool for the reduction of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase has been previously shown to be capable of the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into formate, which can be ultimately converted to methanol. We established that a functional enzyme, tagged for immobilization, could be continuously secreted by Pichia pastoris. The protein can be easily separated from the growth media and its activity remains constant over an extended period of time. This is an important first step in creating a self-sustaining system capable of producing biofuels with minimal resources and space required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Takacs
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Olga V Makhlynets
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Patricia L Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Ivan V Korendovych
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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36
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Fang B. Engineering bi-functional enzyme complex of formate dehydrogenase and leucine dehydrogenase by peptide linker mediated fusion for accelerating cofactor regeneration. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:989-996. [PMID: 32624849 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the application of peptide linker in the construction of bi-functional formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) enzymatic complex for efficient cofactor regeneration and L-tert leucine (L-tle) biotransformation. Seven FDH-LeuDH fusion enzymes with different peptide linker were successfully developed and displayed both parental enzyme activities. The incorporation order of FDH and LeuDH was investigated by predicting three-dimensional structures of LeuDH-FDH and FDH-LeuDH models using the I-TASSER server. The enzymatic characterization showed that insertion of rigid peptide linker obtained better activity and thermal stability in comparison with flexible peptide linker. The production rate of fusion enzymatic complex with suitable flexible peptide linker was increased by 1.2 times compared with free enzyme mixture. Moreover, structural analysis of FDH and LeuDH suggested the secondary structure of the N-, C-terminal domain and their relative positions to functional domains was also greatly relevant to the catalytic properties of the fusion enzymatic complex. The results show that rigid peptide linker could ensure the independent folding of moieties and stabilized enzyme structure, while the flexible peptide linker was likely to bring enzyme moieties in close proximity for superior cofactor channeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
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37
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Bharathi M, Chellapandi P. Intergenomic evolution and metabolic cross-talk between rumen and thermophilic autotrophic methanogenic archaea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:293-304. [PMID: 27864137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 (MRU) is a rumen methanogenic archaean that can be able to utilize formate and CO2/H2 as growth substrates. Extensive analysis on the evolutionary genomic contexts considered herein to unravel its intergenomic relationship and metabolic adjustment acquired from the genomic content of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH. We demonstrated its intergenomic distance, genome function, synteny homologs and gene families, origin of replication, and methanogenesis to reveal the evolutionary relationships between Methanobrevibacter and Methanothermobacter. Comparison of the phylogenetic and metabolic markers was suggested for its archaeal metabolic core lineage that might have evolved from Methanothermobacter. Orthologous genes involved in its hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis might be acquired from intergenomic ancestry of Methanothermobacter via Methanobacterium formicicum. Formate dehydrogenase (fdhAB) coding gene cluster and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (cooF) coding gene might have evolved from duplication events within Methanobrevibacter-Methanothermobacter lineage, and fdhCD gene cluster acquired from bacterial origins. Genome-wide metabolic survey found the existence of four novel pathways viz. l-tyrosine catabolism, mevalonate pathway II, acyl-carrier protein metabolism II and glutathione redox reactions II in MRU. Finding of these pathways suggested that MRU has shown a metabolic potential to tolerate molecular oxygen, antimicrobial metabolite biosynthesis and atypical lipid composition in cell wall, which was acquainted by metabolic cross-talk with mammalian bacterial origins. We conclude that coevolution of genomic contents between Methanobrevibacter and Methanothermobacter provides a clue to understand the metabolic adaptation of MRU in the rumen at different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bharathi
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Chellapandi
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang L, Liu J, Ong J, Li SFY. Specific and sustainable bioelectro-reduction of carbon dioxide to formate on a novel enzymatic cathode. Chemosphere 2016; 162:228-34. [PMID: 27501309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To specifically convert waste CO2 into renewable chemicals, enzymatic electrosynthesis (EES) of formate from CO2 reduction was investigated in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). A novel cathode with immobilized enzyme and electropolymerized mediator-regenerator was fabricated for such bioelectrocatalytic EES. Formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii (CbFDH) was set as a new model enzyme in BES. Modified Nafion micelles with appropriate pore size were found to be suitable for immobilization of CbFDH and protection of its enzymatic activity and lifetime at optimal pH of 6.0. The enzymatic electrosynthesis activity of immobilized CbFDH was characterized systematically. Quite a small overpotential was required in the bioelectrochemical EES reaction. A two-electron transfer process was confirmed in the CbFDH-catalyzed reduction of bicarbonate to formate. With electro-polymerized neutral red (PolyNR) as a NADH (mediator)-regenerator, efficient formate production could be achieved at a maximum rate of 159.89 mg L(-1) h(-1) under poised potential of -0.80 V (vs. SHE). The immobilized CbFDH and electropolymerized PolyNR on an enzymatic cathode contributed greatly to sustainable EES, giving energy-rich formate as the only catalysis product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jacky Ong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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Zobel S, Kuepper J, Ebert B, Wierckx N, Blank LM. Metabolic response of Pseudomonas putida to increased NADH regeneration rates. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:47-57. [PMID: 32624728 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida efficiently utilizes many different carbon sources without the formation of byproducts even under conditions of stress. This implies a high degree of flexibility to cope with conditions that require a significantly altered distribution of carbon to either biomass or energy in the form of NADH. In the literature, co-feeding of the reduced C1 compound formate to Escherichia coli heterologously expressing the NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase of the yeast Candida boidinii was demonstrated to boost various NADH-demanding applications. Pseudomonas putida as emerging biotechnological workhorse is inherently equipped with an NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase encouraging us to investigate the use of formate and its effect on P. putida's metabolism. Hence, this study provides a detailed insight into the co-utilization of formate and glucose by P. putida. Our results show that the addition of formate leads to a high increase in the NADH regeneration rate resulting in a very high biomass yield on glucose. Metabolic flux analysis revealed a significant flux rerouting from catabolism to anabolism. These metabolic insights argue further for P. putida as a host for redox cofactor demanding bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zobel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB RWTH Aachen University - ABBt Aachen Germany
| | - Jannis Kuepper
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB RWTH Aachen University - ABBt Aachen Germany
| | - Birgitta Ebert
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB RWTH Aachen University - ABBt Aachen Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB RWTH Aachen University - ABBt Aachen Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB RWTH Aachen University - ABBt Aachen Germany
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Lu J, Zhang Y, Sun D, Jiang W, Wang S, Fang B. The Development of Leucine Dehydrogenase and Formate Dehydrogenase Bifunctional Enzyme Cascade Improves the Biosynthsis of L-tert-Leucine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1180-95. [PMID: 27387958 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leucine dehydrogenase (LDH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) were assembled together based on a high-affinity interaction between two different cohesins in a miniscaffoldin and corresponding dockerins in LDH and FDH. The miniscaffoldin with two enzymes was further absorbed by regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) to form a bifunctional enzyme complex (miniscaffoldin with LDH and FDH adsorbed by RAC, RSLF) in vitro. The enzymatic characteristics of the bifunctional enzyme complex and free enzymes mixture were systematically compared. The synthesis of L-tert-leucine by the RSLF and free enzyme mixture were compared under different concentrations of enzymes, coenzyme, and substrates. The initial L-tert-leucine production rate by RSLF was enhanced by 2-fold compared with that of the free enzyme mixture. Ninety-one grams per liter of L-tert-leucine with an enantiomeric purity of 99 % e.e. was obtained by RSLF multienzyme catalysis. The results indicated that the bifuntional enzyme complex based on cohesin-dockerin interaction has great potential in the synthesis of L-tert-leucine.
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Gao J, Xu H, Cao C, Xue F, Ding G, Peng Y. Introduction of the exogenous NADH coenzyme regeneration system and its influence on intracellular metabolic flux of Paenibacillus polymyxa. Bioresour Technol 2016; 201:319-328. [PMID: 26687492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) gene from Candida boidinii was introduced into Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9. The effects of this exogenous gene on the growth of the recombinant strain P. polymyxa XG-1, FDH activity, intracellular NADH and NAD(+) level and the synthesis of R,R-2,3-butanediol (R,R-2,3-BD) were determined. Results from the fermentation in the 7.5L bioreactor showed that the exogenous FDH was highly expressed in the recombinant strain. The titers of NADH, lactic acid, ethanol, NADH/NAD(+), and CO2 excretion rate (CER) of the recombinant strain increased considerably, while acetoin and formic acid decreased significantly. The highest titers of R,R-2,3-BD by the recombinant strain in batch and fed-batch fermentation were 36.8g/L and 51.3g/L, increased 10.2% and 8.0% compared with the parent strain, respectively. This study confirmed that coenzyme regeneration system can manipulate substance metabolism in bacteria, and is an efficient way for promoting the synthesis of NADH-dependent products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Youyong Xu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Can Cao
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Ge Ding
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Yingyun Peng
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
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Thomas SC, Alhasawi A, Auger C, Omri A, Appanna VD. The role of formate in combatting oxidative stress. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 109:263-71. [PMID: 26626058 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of keto-acids with reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid with the concomitant formation of CO2. Formate is liberated when the keto-acid glyoxylate neutralizes ROS. Here we report on how formate is involved in combating oxidative stress in the nutritionally-versatile Pseudomonas fluorescens. When the microbe was subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the levels of formate were 8 and two-fold higher in the spent fluid and the soluble cell-free extracts obtained in the stressed cultures compared to the controls respectively. Formate was subsequently utilized as a reducing force to generate NADPH and succinate. The former is mediated by formate dehydrogenase (FDH-NADP), whose activity was enhanced in the stressed cells. Fumarate reductase that catalyzes the conversion of fumarate into succinate was also markedly increased in the stressed cells. These enzymes were modulated by H2O2. While the stressed whole cells produced copious amounts of formate in the presence of glycine, the cell-free extracts synthesized ATP and succinate from formate. Although the exact role of formate in anti-oxidative defence has to await further investigation, the data in this report suggest that this carboxylic acid may be a potent reductive force against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Thomas
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Azhar Alhasawi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Christopher Auger
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Vasu D Appanna
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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Seyhan D, Jehmlich N, von Bergen M, Fersch J, Rother M. Selenocysteine-independent suppression of UGA codons in the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015. [PMID: 26215786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins containing selenocysteine (sec) are found in Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea. While selenium-dependence of methanogenesis from H(2)+CO(2) in the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis JJ is compensated by induction of a set of cysteine-containing homologs, growth on formate is abrogated in the absence of sec due to the dependence of formate dehydrogenase (Fdh) on selenium. Despite this dependence, formate-dependent growth occurs after prolonged incubation of M. maripaludis mutants lacking sec. METHODS To study this phenomenon, a M. maripaludis strain with only one Fdh isoform and an FdhA selenoprotein C-terminally tagged for affinity enrichment was constructed. Factors required for sec synthesis were deleted in this strain and translation of UGA in fdhA was analyzed physiologically, enzymatically, immunologically, and via mass spectrometry. RESULTS M. maripaludis JJ mutants lacking sec synthesis grew at least five times more slowly than the wild type on formate due to a 20-35-fold reduction of Fdh activity. The enzyme in the mutant strains lacked sec but was still produced as a full-length protein. Peptide mass spectrometry revealed that both cysteine (cys) and tryptophan (trp) were inserted at the UGA encoding sec without apparent mutations in tRNA(cys) or tRNA(trp), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that M. maripaludis has the inherent capacity to translate UGA with cys and trp; other mechanisms to replace sec with cys in the absence of selenium could thereby be ruled out. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study exemplifies how an organism uses the inherent flexibility in its canonical protein synthesis machinery to recover some activity of an essential selenium-dependent enzyme in the absence of sec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Seyhan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julia Fersch
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Rother
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Fogal S, Beneventi E, Cendron L, Bergantino E. Structural basis for double cofactor specificity in a new formate dehydrogenase from the acidobacterium Granulicella mallensis MP5ACTX8. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9541-54. [PMID: 26104866 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) are considered particularly useful enzymes in biocatalysis when the regeneration of the cofactor NAD(P)H is required, that is, in chiral synthesis with dehydrogenases. Their utilization is however limited to the recycling of NAD(+), since all (apart one) of the FDHs characterized so far are strictly specific for this cofactor, and this is a major drawback for their otherwise wide applicability. Despite the many attempts performed to modify cofactor specificity by protein engineering different NAD(+)-dependent FDHs, in the general practice, glucose or phosphite dehydrogenases are chosen for the recycling of NADP(+). We report on the functional and structural characterization of a new FDH, GraFDH, identified by mining the genome of the extremophile prokaryote Granulicella mallensis MP5ACTX8. The new enzyme displays a valuable stability in the presence of many organic cosolvents as well as double cofactor specificity, with NADP(+) preferred over NAD(+) at acidic pH values, at which it also shows the highest stability. The quite low affinities for both cofactors as well as for the substrate formate indicate, however, that the native enzyme requires optimization to be applied as biocatalytic tool. We also determined the crystal structure of GraFDH both as apoprotein and as holoprotein, either in complex with NAD(+) or NADP(+). Noticeably, the latter represents the first structure of an FDH enzyme in complex with NADP(+). This fine picture of the structural determinants involved in cofactor selectivity will possibly boost protein engineering of the new enzyme or other homolog FDHs in view of their biocatalytic exploitation for NADP(+) recycling.
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Zheng Z, Zhao M, Zang Y, Zhou Y, Ouyang J. Production of optically pure L-phenyllactic acid by using engineered Escherichia coli coexpressing L-lactate dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. J Biotechnol 2015; 207:47-51. [PMID: 26008622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
L-Phenyllactic acid (L-PLA) is a novel antiseptic agent with broad and effective antimicrobial activity. In addition, L-PLA has been used for synthesis of poly(phenyllactic acid)s, which exhibits better mechanical properties than poly(lactic acid)s. However, the concentration and optical purity of L-PLA produced by native microbes was rather low. An NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-nLDH) from Bacillus coagulans NL01 was confirmed to have a good ability to produce L-PLA from phenylpyruvic acid (PPA). In the present study, l-nLDH gene and formate dehydrogenase gene were heterologously coexpressed in Escherichia coli. Through two coupled reactions, 79.6mM l-PLA was produced from 82.8mM PPA in 40min and the enantiomeric excess value of L-PLA was high (>99%). Therefore, this process suggested a promising alternative for the production of chiral l-PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Hartmann T, Schwanhold N, Leimkühler S. Assembly and catalysis of molybdenum or tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases from bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1854:1090-100. [PMID: 25514355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The global carbon cycle depends on the biological transformations of C1 compounds, which include the reductive incorporation of CO₂into organic molecules (e.g. in photosynthesis and other autotrophic pathways), in addition to the production of CO₂from formate, a reaction that is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenases (FDHs). FDHs catalyze, in general, the oxidation of formate to CO₂and H⁺. However, selected enzymes were identified to act as CO₂reductases, which are able to reduce CO₂to formate under physiological conditions. This reaction is of interest for the generation of formate as a convenient storage form of H₂for future applications. Cofactor-containing FDHs are found in anaerobic bacteria and archaea, in addition to facultative anaerobic or aerobic bacteria. These enzymes are highly diverse and employ different cofactors such as the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), FeS clusters and flavins, or cytochromes. Some enzymes include tungsten (W) in place of molybdenum (Mo) at the active site. For catalytic activity, a selenocysteine (SeCys) or cysteine (Cys) ligand at the Mo atom in the active site is essential for the reaction. This review will focus on the characterization of Mo- and W-containing FDHs from bacteria, their active site structure, subunit compositions and its proposed catalytic mechanism. We will give an overview on the different mechanisms of substrate conversion available so far, in addition to providing an outlook on bio-applications of FDHs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cofactor-dependent proteins: evolution, chemical diversity and bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hartmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nadine Schwanhold
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Alissandratos A, Kim HK, Easton CJ. Formate production through carbon dioxide hydrogenation with recombinant whole cell biocatalysts. Bioresour Technol 2014; 164:7-11. [PMID: 24814397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biological conversion of CO2 and H2 into formate offers a sustainable route to a valuable commodity chemical through CO2 fixation, and a chemical form of hydrogen fuel storage. Here we report the first example of CO2 hydrogenation utilising engineered whole-cell biocatalysts. Escherichia coli JM109(DE3) cells transformed for overexpression of either native formate dehydrogenase (FDH), the FDH from Clostridium carboxidivorans, or genes from Pyrococcus furiosus and Methanobacterium thermoformicicum predicted to express FDH based on their similarity to known FDH genes were all able to produce levels of formate well above the background, when presented with H2 and CO2, the latter in the form of bicarbonate. In the case of the FDH from P. furiosus the yield was highest, reaching more than 1 g L(-1)h(-1) when a hydrogen-sparging reactor design was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Alissandratos
- CSIRO Biofuels Research Cluster, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Hye-Kyung Kim
- CSIRO Biofuels Research Cluster, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Christopher J Easton
- CSIRO Biofuels Research Cluster, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Böhmer N, Hartmann T, Leimkühler S. The chaperone FdsC for Rhodobacter capsulatus formate dehydrogenase binds the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide cofactor. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:531-7. [PMID: 24444607 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molybdoenzymes are complex enzymes in which the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is deeply buried in the enzyme. Most molybdoenzymes contain a specific chaperone for the insertion of Moco. For the formate dehydrogenase FdsGBA from Rhodobacter capsulatus the two chaperones FdsC and FdsD were identified to be essential for enzyme activity, but are not a subunit of the mature enzyme. Here, we purified and characterized the FdsC protein after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. We were able to copurify FdsC with the bound Moco derivate bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. This cofactor successfully was used as a source to reconstitute the activity of molybdoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Böhmer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Balzer GJ, Thakker C, Bennett GN, San KY. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to minimize byproduct formate and improving succinate productivity through increasing NADH availability by heterologous expression of NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase. Metab Eng 2013; 20:1-8. [PMID: 23876411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Succinic acid is a specialty chemical having numerous applications in industrial, pharmaceutical and food uses. One of the major challenges in the succinate fermentation process is eliminating the formation of byproducts. In this study, we describe eliminating byproduct formate and improving succinate productivity by reengineering a high succinate producing E. coli strain SBS550MG-Cms243(pHL413Km). The NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase gene (fdh1) of Candida boidinii was coexpressed with Lactococcus lactis pyruvate carboxylase (pycA) under the control of Ptrc and PpycA promoters in plasmid pHL413KF1. The newly introduced fdh1 converts 1 mol of formate into 1 mol of NADH and CO2. The reengineered strain SBS550MG-Cms243(pHL413KF1) retains the reducing power of formate through an increase in NADH availability. In anaerobic shake flask fermentations, the parent strain SBS550MG-Cms243(pHL413Km) consumed 99.86 mM glucose and produced 172.38 mM succinate, 16.16 mM formate and 4.42 mM acetate. The FDH bearing strain, SBS550MG-Cms243(pHL413KF1) consumed 98.43 mM glucose and produced 171.80 mM succinate, 1mM formate and 5.78 mM acetate. Furthermore, external formate supplementation to SBS550MG(pHL413KF1) fermentations resulted in about 6% increase in succinate yields as compared to SBS550MG(pHL413Km). In an anaerobic fed-batch bioreactor process, the average glucose consumption rate, succinate productivity, and byproduct formate concentration of SBS550MG(pHL413Km) was 1.40 g/L/h, 1g/L/h, and 17 mM, respectively. Whereas, the average glucose consumption rate, succinate productivity and byproduct formate concentration of SBS550MG(pHL413KF1) was 2 g/L/h, 2 g/L/h, 0-3 mM respectively. A high cell density culture of SBS550MG(pHL413KF1) showed further improvement in succinate productivity with a higher glucose consumption rate. Reduced levels of byproduct formate in succinate fermentation broth would provide an opportunity for reducing the cost associated with downstream processing, purification, and waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Balzer
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Wu Z, Wang Z, Wang G, Tan T. Improved 1,3-propanediol production by engineering the 2,3-butanediol and formic acid pathways in integrative recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:194-200. [PMID: 23665191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the biotechnological process, insufficient cofactor NADH and multiple by-products restrain the final titer of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD). In this study, 1,3-PD production was improved by engineering the 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) and formic acid pathways in integrative recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The formation of 2,3-BD is catalysed by acetoin reductase (AR). An inactivation mutation of the AR in K. pneumoniae CF was generated by insertion of a formate dehydrogenase gene. Inactivation of AR and expression of formate dehydrogenase reduced 2,3-BD formation and improved 1,3-PD production. Fermentation results revealed that intracellular metabolic flux was redistributed pronouncedly. The yield of 1,3-PD reached 0.74 mol/mol glycerol in flask fermentation, which is higher than the theoretical yield. In 5 L fed-batch fermentation, the final titer and 1,3-PD yield of the K. pneumoniae CF strain reached 72.2 g/L and 0.569 mol/mol, respectively, which were 15.9% and 21.7% higher than those of the wild-type strain. The titers of 2,3-BD and formic acid decreased by 52.2% and 73.4%, respectively. By decreasing the concentration of all nonvolatile by-products and by increasing the availability of NADH, this study demonstrates an important strategy in the metabolic engineering of 1,3-PD production by integrative recombinant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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