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Mohamed MA, Abouzied AS, Reyad A, Sayed Abdelsalam Zaki ME, Abdelgawad FE, Al-Humaidi JY, Gomha SM. Novel terpyridines as Staphylococcus aureus gyrase inhibitors: efficient synthesis and antibacterial assessment via solvent-drop grinding. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:205-220. [PMID: 38230640 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was designed to synthesize a novel series of terpyridines with potential antibacterial properties, targeting multidrug resistance. Materials & methods: Terpyridines (4a-h and 6a-c) were synthesized via a one-pot multicomponent reaction using 2,6-diacetylpyridines, benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile or ethyl 2-cyanoacetate. The reactions, conducted under grinding conditions with glacial acetic acid, produced high-yield compounds, confirmed by spectroscopic data. Results: The synthesized terpyridines exhibited potent antibacterial activity. Notably, compounds 4d and 4h demonstrated significant inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, outperforming ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Molecular docking studies highlighted compounds 4d, 4h and 6c as having strong binding affinity to DNA gyrase B, correlating with their robust antibacterial activity, suggesting their potential as effective agents against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdalla Mohamed
- Technology of Textile Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Humanity study, Afif, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Salah Abouzied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control & Research, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Amany Reyad
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | | | - Fathy Elsayed Abdelgawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Yahya Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhi Mohamed Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Sonika S, Singh S, Mishra S, Verma S. Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14220. [PMID: 37101643 PMCID: PMC10123168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are abundant in prokaryotes and play an important role in various biological processes such as plasmid maintenance, phage inhibition, stress response, biofilm formation, and dormant persister cell generation. TA loci are abundant in pathogenic intracellular micro-organisms and help in their adaptation to the harsh host environment such as nutrient deprivation, oxidation, immune response, and antimicrobials. Several studies have reported the involvement of TA loci in establishing successful infection, intracellular survival, better colonization, adaptation to host stresses, and chronic infection. Overall, the TA loci play a crucial role in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Nonetheless, there are some controversies about the role of TA system in stress response, biofilm and persister formation. In this review, we describe the role of the TA systems in bacterial virulence. We discuss the important features of each type of TA system and the recent discoveries identifying key contributions of TA loci in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Zhang F, Wang B, Liu S, Chen Y, Lin Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Yu B. Bacillus subtilis revives conventional antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:102. [PMID: 34001083 PMCID: PMC8130150 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) osteomyelitis is often hindered by the development of antibiotic tolerance, novel antibacterial therapeutics are required. Here we found that the cell-free supernatant of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis CFS) killed planktonic and biofilm S. aureus, and increased S. aureus susceptibility to penicillin and gentamicin as well. Further study showed that B. subtilis CFS suppressed the expression of the genes involved in adhesive molecules (Cna and ClfA), virulence factor Hla, quorum sensing (argA, argB and RNAIII) and biofilm formation (Ica and sarA) in S. aureus. Additionally, our data showed that B. subtilis CFS changed the membrane components and increased membrane permeabilization of S. aureus. Finally, we demonstrated that B. subtilis CFS increased considerably the susceptibility of S. aureus to penicillin and effectively reduced S. aureus burdens in a mouse model of implant-associated osteomyelitis. These findings support that B. subtilis CFS may be a potential resistance-modifying agent for β-lactam antibiotics against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowei Wang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiluan Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihuang Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Moxifloxacin Monotherapy in Left-Sided Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021; 2021:5586450. [PMID: 33936821 PMCID: PMC8060113 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of endocarditis, and its mortality has remained high despite therapeutic procedures over time. A case of left-sided native valve endocarditis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus which responded well to moxifloxacin monotherapy is described. An 83-year-old woman with a history of current hospitalization presented with fatigue and fever. Transthoracic echocardiography depicted vegetation, and blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. After a 14-day intravenous administration of moxifloxacin, a good clinical response was achieved, and antibiotic regimen transitioned to oral moxifloxacin for an additional four-week therapy.
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Lip Infections. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:133-140. [PMID: 32673574 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, cocci bacterium that naturally colonizes the skin. S aureus can cause a mild to severe infection depending on the location, depth of invasion, and immune status. Guidelines regarding treatment of patients with lip infections are scant. The purpose of this study was to present the diagnosis, management, and outcome of a cohort of patients with lip infections caused by S aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with a lip infection caused by S aureus treated by Emory Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service (Atlanta, GA). Predictor variables were patient demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging characteristics, intervention, and length of stay. The outcome variable was infection resolution or persistence. Data were collected using a standardized collection form. Descriptive statistics were computed. RESULTS Seven patients (mean age, 38 years) with lip swelling met the inclusion criteria. The patients did not undergo recent hospitalization and/or recent surgery. Patients had immunodeficiency virus or other medical comorbidities. Radiographic findings were consistent with abscess formation. Management consisted of antibiotics only or surgical intervention with antibiotics. Lip cultures showed S aureus with methicillin-sensitive or -resistant S aureus. Treatment was intravenous followed by oral antibiotics. The average length of inpatient stay was 4 days. There were no postoperative complications. All lip infections achieved complete clinical resolution. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, treatment of lip swelling caused by S aureus required surgical intervention and/or antibiotics. Immune compromise and antibiotic resistance should be considered in a patient with a similar presentation.
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Germain-Amiot N, Augagneur Y, Camberlein E, Nicolas I, Lecureur V, Rouillon A, Felden B. A novel Staphylococcus aureus cis-trans type I toxin-antitoxin module with dual effects on bacteria and host cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1759-1773. [PMID: 30544243 PMCID: PMC6393315 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial type I toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread, and consist of a stable toxic peptide whose expression is monitored by a labile RNA antitoxin. We characterized Staphylococcus aureus SprA2/SprA2AS module, which shares nucleotide similarities with the SprA1/SprA1AS TA system. We demonstrated that SprA2/SprA2AS encodes a functional type I TA system, with the cis-encoded SprA2AS antitoxin acting in trans to prevent ribosomal loading onto SprA2 RNA. We proved that both TA systems are distinct, with no cross-regulation between the antitoxins in vitro or in vivo. SprA2 expresses PepA2, a toxic peptide which internally triggers bacterial death. Conversely, although PepA2 does not affect bacteria when it is present in the extracellular medium, it is highly toxic to other host cells such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils and erythrocytes. Finally, we showed that SprA2AS expression is lowered during osmotic shock and stringent response, which indicates that the system responds to specific triggers. Therefore, the SprA2/SprA2AS module is not redundant with SprA1/SprA1AS, and its PepA2 peptide exhibits an original dual mode of action against bacteria and host cells. This suggests an altruistic behavior for S. aureus in which clones producing PepA2 in vivo shall die as they induce cytotoxicity, thereby promoting the success of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlla Germain-Amiot
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yoann Augagneur
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Irène Nicolas
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Université de Rennes 1, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Rouillon
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brice Felden
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine) UMR_S 1230, 35000 Rennes, France
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Bukowski M, Piwowarczyk R, Madry A, Zagorski-Przybylo R, Hydzik M, Wladyka B. Prevalence of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Determinants and Virulence-Related Genetic Elements in Plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:805. [PMID: 31068910 PMCID: PMC6491766 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics on a mass scale, particularly in farming, and their release into the environment has led to a rapid emergence of resistant bacteria. Once emerged, resistance determinants are spread by horizontal gene transfer among strains of the same as well as disparate bacterial species. Their accumulation in free-living as well as livestock and community-associated strains results in the widespread multiple-drug resistance among clinically relevant species posing an increasingly pressing problem in healthcare. One of these clinically relevant species is Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of hospital and community outbreaks. Among the rich diversity of mobile genetic elements regularly occurring in S. aureus such as phages, pathogenicity islands, and staphylococcal cassette chromosomes, plasmids are the major mean for dissemination of resistance determinants and virulence factors. Unfortunately, a vast number of whole-genome sequencing projects does not aim for complete sequence determination, which results in a disproportionately low number of known complete plasmid sequences. To address this problem we determined complete plasmid sequences derived from 18 poultry S. aureus strains and analyzed the prevalence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance determinants, genes of virulence factors, as well as genetic elements relevant for their maintenance. Some of the plasmids have been reported before and are being found in clinical isolates of strains typical for humans or human ones of livestock origin. This shows that livestock-associated staphylococci are a significant reservoir of resistance determinants and virulence factors. Nevertheless, nearly half of the plasmids were unknown to date. In this group we found a potentially mobilizable plasmid pPA3 being a unique example of accumulation of resistance determinants and virulence factors likely stabilized by a presence of a toxin–antitoxin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bukowski
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafal Piwowarczyk
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Madry
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafal Zagorski-Przybylo
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Hydzik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Benedykt Wladyka
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Niu H, Yee R, Cui P, Tian L, Zhang S, Shi W, Sullivan D, Zhu B, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Identification of Agents Active against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 from a Clinical Compound Library. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6030044. [PMID: 28930155 PMCID: PMC5618001 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant threat for effective treatment of several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. To identify potential new treatment options for MRSA infections, we screened a clinical compound library consisting of 1524 compounds using a growth inhibition assay in 96-well plates. We identified 34 agents which are either bacteriostatic or bactericidal against log-phase clinical MRSA strain USA300. Among them, 9 candidates (thonzonium, cetylpyridinium, trilocarban, benzododecinium, bithionol, brilliant green, chlorquinaldol, methylbenzethonium and green violet) are known antiseptics, 11 candidates are known antibiotics currently recommended for the treatment of MRSA. We identified 9 new drug candidates, 5 of which (thiostrepton, carbomycin, spiramycin, clofazimine and chloroxine) are antibiotics used for treating other infections than S. aureus infections; 4 of which (quinaldine blue, closantel, dithiazanine iodide and pyrvinium pamoate) are drugs used for treating parasitic diseases or cancer. We ranked these new drug candidates according to their MICs against the MRSA strain USA300. Our findings may have implications for more effective treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rebecca Yee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Lili Tian
- Beijing Research Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Beijing 100035, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Wanliang Shi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Pio DPM, Reinato LAF, Lopes LP, Gir E. Staphylococcus aureus and the oxacillin sensitivity profile in hospitalized people with HIV/AIDS. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2017; 50:617-621. [PMID: 27680047 DOI: 10.1590/s0080-623420160000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Analyze nasal colonization by oxacillin-sensitive and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) at days 1 and7 of hospitalization. METHOD A prospective observational study conducted in a hospital in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. Nasal swab samples were collected and analyzed through microbiological identification, at days 1 and 7 of hospitalization of PWHA, between August 2011 and January 2014. Data were analyzed via IBM SPSS(r), version 20.0. RESULTS Nasal secretion samples were collected from 187 (50.1%) PWHA at days 1 and 7 of hospitalization. Of these, Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 64 (34.2%) PWHA. CONCLUSION At day 1 of hospitalization, 27 PWHA were identified with Staphylococcus aureus; 27 PWHA presented colonization by Staphylococcus aureus at days 1 and 7, and 10 PWHA only at day 7. Of 64 PWHA colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, the susceptibility profile of isolated Staphylococcus aureus was oxacillin-resistant in 25 PWHA. OBJETIVO Analisar a colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus sensíveis e resistentes à oxacilina de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA) no primeiro e no sétimo dia de internação hospitalar. MÉTODO Estudo prospectivo observacional realizado em um hospital do interior paulista. Foram coletadas e analisadas, por meio de identificação microbiológica, amostras de swab nasal no primeiro e no sétimo dia de internação hospitalar de PVHA, no período de agosto/2011 e janeiro/2014. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do IBM SPSS(r), versão 20.0. RESULTADOS Em 187 (50,1%) PVHA foram coletadas amostras de secreção nasal no primeiro e sétimo dia de internação. Destas, em 64 (34,2%) foi identificado Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSÃO No primeiro dia de internação observou-se 27 PVHA colonizadas por Staphylococcus aureus; em 27 PVHA houve a persistência da colonização por Staphylococcus aureus no primeiro e no sétimo dia; em 10 PVHA, somente no sétimo dia. Das 64 PVHA colonizadas por Staphylococcus aureus, em 25 o perfil de suscetibilidade do Staphylococcus aureus isolado foi resistente à oxacilina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Patrícia Marchetti Pio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Programa Interunidades de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Andreia Fleck Reinato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem Fundamental, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pimenta Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem Fundamental, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elucir Gir
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e Especializada, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Reynolds LJ, Roberts AP, Anjum MF. Efflux in the Oral Metagenome: The Discovery of a Novel Tetracycline and Tigecycline ABC Transporter. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1923. [PMID: 27999567 PMCID: PMC5138185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in human bacterial pathogens and commensals is threatening our ability to treat infections and conduct common medical procedures. As novel antibiotics are discovered and marketed it is important that we understand how resistance to them may arise and know what environments may act as reservoirs for such resistance genes. In this study a tetracycline and tigecycline resistant clone was identified by screening a human saliva metagenomic library in Escherichia coli EPI300 on agar containing 5 μg/ml tetracycline. Sequencing of the DNA insert present within the tetracycline resistant clone revealed it to contain a 7,765 bp fragment harboring novel ABC half transporter genes, tetAB(60). Mutagenesis studies performed on these genes confirmed that they were responsible for the tetracycline and tigecycline resistance phenotypes. Growth studies performed using E. coli EPI300 clones that harbored either the wild type, the mutated, or none of these genes indicated that there was a fitness cost associated with presence of these genes, with the isolate harboring both genes exhibiting a significantly slower growth than control strains. Given the emergence of E. coli strains that are sensitive only to tigecycline and doxycycline it is concerning that such a resistance mechanism has been identified in the human oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Reynolds
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College LondonLondon, UK; Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health AgencyAddlestone, UK
| | - Adam P Roberts
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London London, UK
| | - Muna F Anjum
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College LondonLondon, UK; Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health AgencyAddlestone, UK
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Espigares E, Moreno Roldan E, Espigares M, Abreu R, Castro B, Dib AL, Arias Á. Phenotypic Resistance to Disinfectants and Antibiotics in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Pigs. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:272-280. [PMID: 27762078 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the phenotypic resistances to disinfectants and antibiotics in strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained from Canary black pigs. Analyses were performed on 54 strains of MRSA, isolated in Canary black pigs from the province of Tenerife (Spain); all of them carried the mecA gene. The strains were isolated by means of nasal swab samples of healthy pigs, collected under veterinarian supervision. Bactericidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants was tested by means of the dilution-neutralization method. Susceptibility to the disinfectants glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid and silver nitrate was assessed, as well as to the antiseptics chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride and povidone iodine. Susceptibility to a wide array of antibiotics representing the main groups was determined by means of the disc diffusion method. All the strains demonstrated susceptibility to the disinfectants tested at the recommended concentration, and even to dilutions equal to or lesser than 1/16. The most effective antiseptic and disinfectant were, respectively, chlorhexidine and silver nitrate. With regard to the antibiotics, the strains proved to be multiresistant. All presented phenotypic resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, penicillin and cefoxitin, as well as to numerous aminoglycosides, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It was also observed that 61.1% of the strains were carriers of plasmids. Our results underline that in the strains such as MRSA, which show multiple resistances to antibiotics, the antiseptics and disinfectants show great efficacy. Moreover, as other authors also suggest, for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by MRSA, the use of β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics may be less effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Espigares
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Moreno Roldan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Espigares
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R Abreu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - B Castro
- University Hospital of Canary Islands, Tenerife Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A L Dib
- Laboratoire de Gestion de la Santé et Productions Animales-Institut des Sciences Vétérinaire El Khroub, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Á Arias
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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12
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Lobato-Márquez D, Díaz-Orejas R, García-Del Portillo F. Toxin-antitoxins and bacterial virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 40:592-609. [PMID: 27476076 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial virulence relies on a delicate balance of signals interchanged between the invading microbe and the host. This communication has been extensively perceived as a battle involving harmful molecules produced by the pathogen and host defenses. In this review, we focus on a largely unexplored element of this dialogue, as are toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of the pathogen. TA systems are reported to respond to stresses that are also found in the host and, as a consequence, could modulate the physiology of the intruder microbe. This view is consistent with recent studies that demonstrate a contribution of distinct TA systems to virulence since their absence alters the course of the infection. TA loci are stress response modules that, therefore, could readjust pathogen metabolism to favor the generation of slow-growing or quiescent cells 'before' host defenses irreversibly block essential pathogen activities. Some toxins of these TA modules have been proposed as potential weapons used by the pathogen to act on host targets. We discuss all these aspects based on studies that support some TA modules as important regulators in the pathogen-host interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Lobato-Márquez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Díaz-Orejas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Del Portillo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Shah NJ. Reversing resistance: The next generation antibacterials. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:248-55. [PMID: 26069360 PMCID: PMC4450548 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.157109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrational antibiotic usage has led to vast spread resistance to available antibiotics, but we refuse to slide back to “preantibiotic era.” The threat is serious with the “Enterococcus, Staphylococcous, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter” organisms causing nosocomial infections that are difficult to treat because of the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenamases and metallo-β-lactamases. Facing us is a situation where soon multidrug resistance would have spread across the globe with no antibiotics to withstand it. The infectious disease society of America and Food and Drug Administration have taken initiatives like the 10 × ‘20 where they plan to develop 10 new antibiotics by the year 2020. Existing classes of antibiotics against resistant bacteria include the carbapenems, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, monobactams, streptogramins and daptomycin. Newer drugs in existing classes of antibiotics such as cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, glycopeptides and β-lactamase inhibitors continue to get synthesized. The situation demands newer targets against bacterial machinery. Some of them include the peptidoglycantransferase, outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas, tRNA synthase, fatty acid synthase and mycobacterial ATP synthase. To curb the irrational and excessive usage of presently available antibiotics should be a priority if they are still to be kept in usage for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Jayesh Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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14
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Meeker DG, Jenkins SV, Miller EK, Beenken KE, Loughran AJ, Powless A, Muldoon TJ, Galanzha EI, Zharov VP, Smeltzer MS, Chen J. Synergistic Photothermal and Antibiotic Killing of Biofilm-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Targeted Antibiotic-Loaded Gold Nanoconstructs. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:241-250. [PMID: 27441208 PMCID: PMC4945994 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to conventional antibiotics is a growing public health concern that is quickly outpacing the development of new antibiotics. This has led the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) to designate Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species as "ESKAPE pathogens" on the basis of the rapidly decreasing availability of useful antibiotics. This emphasizes the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies to combat infections caused by these and other bacterial pathogens. In this study, we used Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as a proof-of-principle ESKAPE pathogen to demonstrate that an appropriate antibiotic (daptomycin) can be incorporated into polydopamine-coated gold nanocages (AuNC@PDA) and that daptomycin-loaded AuNC@PDA can be conjugated to antibodies targeting a species-specific surface protein (staphylococcal protein A; Spa) as a means of achieving selective delivery of the nanoconstructs directly to the bacterial cell surface. Targeting specificity was confirmed by demonstrating a lack of binding to mammalian cells, reduced photothermal and antibiotic killing of the Spa-negative species Staphylococcus epidermidis, and reduced killing of S. aureus in the presence of unconjugated anti-Spa antibodies. We demonstrate that laser irradiation at levels within the current safety standard for use in humans can be used to achieve both a lethal photothermal effect and controlled release of the antibiotic, thus resulting in a degree of therapeutic synergy capable of eradicating viable S. aureus cells. The system was validated using planktonic bacterial cultures of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains and subsequently shown to be effective in the context of an established biofilm, thus indicating that this approach could be used to facilitate the effective treatment of intrinsically resistant biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Meeker
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Samir V. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Emily K. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Karen E. Beenken
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Allister J. Loughran
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Amy Powless
- Department of
Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of
Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Mark S. Smeltzer
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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15
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Chen YG, Zhang Y, Deng LQ, Chen H, Zhang YJ, Zhou NJ, Yuan K, Yu LZ, Xiong ZH, Gui XM, Yu YR, Wu XM, Min WP. Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Utilizing TLR2 Agonist Pam3CSK4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149233. [PMID: 26974438 PMCID: PMC4790907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a critical health issue that has drawn greater attention to the potential use of immunotherapy. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a pattern recognition receptor, is an essential component in host innate defense system against S. aureus infection. However, little is known about the innate immune response, specifically TLR2 activation, against MRSA infection. Here, we evaluate the protective effect and the mechanism of MRSA murine pneumonia after pretreatment with Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 agonist. We found that the MRSA-pneumonia mouse model, pretreated with Pam3CSK4, had reduced bacteria and mortality in comparison to control mice. As well, lower protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in lungs and bronchus of the Pam3CSK4 pretreatment group. Conversely, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but not TGF-β, increased in Pam3CSK4-pretreated mice. Our additional studies showed that CXCL-2 and CXCL1, which are necessary for neutrophil recruitment, were less evident in the Pam3CSK4-pretreated group compared to control group, whereas the expression of Fcγ receptors (FcγⅠ/Ⅲ) and complement receptors (CR1/3) increased in murine lungs. Furthermore, we found that increased survival and improved bacterial clearance were not a result of higher levels of neutrophil infiltration, but rather a result of enhanced phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo as well as increased robust oxidative activity and release of lactoferrin. Our cumulative findings suggest that Pam3CSK4 could be a novel immunotherapeutic candidate against MRSA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Guo Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lin-Qiang Deng
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Nan-Jin Zhou
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Keng Yuan
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Li-Zhi Yu
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Zhang-Hua Xiong
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Xiao-Mei Gui
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Mu Wu
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Wei-Ping Min
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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16
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Van Bambeke F. Delafloxacin, a non-zwitterionic fluoroquinolone in Phase III of clinical development: evaluation of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1111-23. [PMID: 26119479 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone lacking a basic substituent in position 7. It shows MICs remarkably low against Gram-positive organisms and anaerobes and similar to those of ciprofloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria. It remains active against most fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, except enterococci. Its potency is further increased in acidic environments (found in many infection sites). Delafloxacin is active on staphylococci growing intracellularly or in biofilms. It is currently evaluated as an intravenous and intravenous/oral stepdown therapy in Phase III trials for the treatment of complicated skin/skin structure infections. It was also granted as Qualified Infectious Disease Product for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, due to its high activity on pneumococci and atypical pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E Mounier 73 B1.73.05, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Insights into the mechanism of inhibition of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors from characterization of resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5278-87. [PMID: 26077256 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00571-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The type II topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are clinically validated bacterial targets that catalyze the modulation of DNA topology that is vital to DNA replication, repair, and decatenation. Increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones, which trap the topoisomerase-DNA complex, has led to significant efforts in the discovery of novel inhibitors of these targets. AZ6142 is a member of the class of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) that utilizes a distinct mechanism to trap the protein-DNA complex. AZ6142 has very potent activity against Gram-positive organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. In this study, we determined the frequencies of resistance to AZ6142 and other representative NBTI compounds in S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. The frequencies of selection of resistant mutants at 4× the MIC were 1.7 × 10(-8) for S. aureus and <5.5 × 10(-10) for S. pneumoniae. To improve our understanding of the NBTI mechanism of inhibition, the resistant S. aureus mutants were characterized and 20 unique substitutions in the topoisomerase subunits were identified. Many of these substitutions were located outside the NBTI binding pocket and impact the susceptibility of AZ6142, resulting in a 4- to 32-fold elevation in the MIC over the wild-type parent strain. Data on cross-resistance with other NBTIs and fluoroquinolones enabled the differentiation of scaffold-specific changes from compound-specific variations. Our results suggest that AZ6142 inhibits both type II topoisomerases in S. aureus but that DNA gyrase is the primary target. Further, the genotype of the resistant mutants suggests that domain conformations and DNA interactions may uniquely impact NBTIs compared to fluoroquinolones.
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18
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Pompilio A, De Nicola S, Crocetta V, Guarnieri S, Savini V, Carretto E, Di Bonaventura G. New insights in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pathogenicity: antibiotic-resistant biofilm formation by a human wound-associated strain. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:109. [PMID: 25994406 PMCID: PMC4440327 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen recognized as the leading cause of skin, ear, and post-operative bacterial infections in dogs and cats. Zoonotic infections have also recently been reported causing endocarditis, infection of surgical wounds, rhinosinusitis, and catheter-related bacteremia. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, for the first time, the pathogenic potential of S. pseudintermedius isolated from a human infection. To this end, strain DSM 25713, which was recently isolated from a wound of a leukemic patient who underwent a bone marrow transplantation, was investigated for biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistance under conditions relevant for wound infection. RESULTS The effect of pH (5.5, 7.1, and 8.7) and the presence of serum (diluted at 1:2, 1:10, and 1:100) on biofilm formation was assessed through a crystal violet assay. The presence of serum significantly reduced the ability to form biofilm, regardless of the pH value tested. In vitro activity of eight antibiotics against biofilm formation and mature 48 h-old biofilms was comparatively assessed by crystal violet assay and viable cell count, respectively. Antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentrations reduced biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, although cefoxitin was the most active, causing a significant reduction already at 1/8xMIC. Rifampicin showed the highest activity against preformed biofilms (MBEC90: 2xMIC). None of the antibiotics completely eradicated the preformed biofilms, regardless of tested concentrations. Confocal and electron microscopy analyses of mature biofilm revealed a complex "mushroom-like" architecture consisting of microcolonies embedded in a fibrillar extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our results show that human wound-associated S. pseudintermedius is able to form inherently antibiotic-resistant biofilms, suggestive of its pathogenic potential, and consistent with recent reports of zoonotic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Serena De Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Savini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, "Spirito Santo" Hospital, Pescara, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, 66100, Italy. .,Center for Research on Ageing, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
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19
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Ferreira IS, Bettencourt A, Bétrisey B, Gonçalves LMD, Trampuz A, Almeida AJ. Improvement of the antibacterial activity of daptomycin-loaded polymeric microparticles by Eudragit RL 100: an assessment by isothermal microcalorimetry. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:171-82. [PMID: 25772414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop novel daptomycin-loaded acrylic microparticles with improved release profiles and antibacterial activity against two clinically relevant methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA, respectively). Daptomycin was encapsulated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PMMA-Eudragit RL 100 (EUD) microparticles by a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. For comparison purposes similar formulations were prepared with vancomycin. Particle morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, physicochemical properties, in vitro release and biocompatibility were assessed. Particles exhibited a micrometer size and a spherical morphology. The addition of EUD to the formulation caused a shift in the surface charge of the particles from negative zeta potential values (100% PMMA formulations) to strongly positive. It also improved daptomycin encapsulation efficiency and release, whereas vancomycin encapsulation and release were strongly hindered. Plain and antibiotic-loaded particles presented comparable biocompatibility profiles. The antibacterial activity of the particles was assessed by isothermal microcalorimetry against both MSSA and MRSA. Daptomycin-loaded PMMA-EUD particles presented the highest antibacterial activity against both strains. The addition of 30% EUD to the daptomycin-loaded PMMA particles caused a 40- and 20-fold decrease in the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, respectively, when compared to the 100% PMMA formulations. On the other hand, vancomycin-loaded microparticles presented the highest antibacterial activity in PMMA particles. Unlike conventional methods, isothermal microcalorimetry proved to be a real-time, sensitive and accurate method for assessment of antibacterial activity of antibiotic-loaded polymeric microparticles. Finally, the addition of EUD to formulations proved to be a powerful strategy to improve daptomycin encapsulation efficiency and release, and consequently improving the microparticles activity against two relevant S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Santos Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bertrand Bétrisey
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lídia M D Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - António J Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Antimicrobial stewardship and linezolid. Int J Clin Pharm 2014; 36:1059-68. [PMID: 25135806 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-014-9995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2002, linezolid, the first representative of the oxazolidinone class, has been widely prescribed, sometimes outside of approved indications. However, several cases of clinical outbreaks due to linezolid-resistant organisms have been reported, and its relatively high cost represents an economic challenge for hospital settings. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different actions conducted by an antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) to control over-prescription of linezolid with regard to the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day. SETTING This work was conducted in a 1,495-bed hospital from 2009 to 2013. An AST, gathering the departments of pharmacy, microbiology, and infectious diseases, assessed the pertinence of linezolid use and associated effect on the prescriber. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted throughout 2009. Three different evaluations were prospectively carried out, each for 3 months, between 2011 and 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The indicators chosen to monitor the consumption of linezolid were the DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day, which enabled a comparison to be made between hospitals from 2004 to 2012, and of the pertinence of its prescription by different departments. RESULTS From 2009 to 2013, 239 patients were evaluated through three 3-month stages. Prescriptions were for off-label use in 45 % of cases. Prescriptions were considered appropriate in 60 % of cases. Unsuitable treatment was either modified or discontinued (62 and 38 % of cases, respectively). Mean duration of linezolid treatment was 8 days, i.e. below the national mean duration reported in the literature. To highlight the impact of action taken by the team, a consensual strategy to treat ventilator-acquired pneumonia was elaborated with principal prescribers. Throughout the study, the mean DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day increased very slowly and was lower than the eleven other French hospitals, which were secondarily included in this study. CONCLUSION The multidisciplinary approach that was adopted for therapeutic education and delivery control led to an improvement in the proper use of linezolid. Similar strategy should be extended to other antimicrobial agents, such as carbapenems, for which both cost and risk of resistance emergence are of major concern.
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21
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Glycopeptide antibiotics: Back to the future. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:631-44. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Update on management of skin and soft tissue infections in the emergency department. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2014; 16:418. [PMID: 24992977 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-014-0418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are frequently treated in the emergency department (ED) setting. Recent studies provide critical new information that can guide new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of SSTIs in the ED. Rapid polymerase chain reaction assays capable of detecting MRSA in approximately 1 h hold significant potential to improving antibiotic stewardship in SSTI care. Emergency ultrasound continues to demonstrate value in guiding appropriate management of SSTIs, including the early diagnosis of necrotizing infections. Since emerging in the 1990s, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) continues to increase in prevalence, and it represents a significant challenge to optimizing ED antibiotic use for SSTI management. Growing literature reinforces the current recommendation of incision and drainage without antibiotics for uncomplicated abscesses. Selecting antibiotics with CA-MRSA coverage is recommended when treating purulent SSTIs; however, it is generally not necessary in cases of nonpurulent cellulitis. Future advances in ED SSTI care may involve expansion of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy protocols and the recent development of a novel, once weekly antibiotic with activity against MRSA.
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Dual toxic-peptide-coding Staphylococcus aureus RNA under antisense regulation targets host cells and bacterial rivals unequally. Cell Rep 2014; 7:424-435. [PMID: 24703849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Produced from the pathogenicity islands of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, stable SprG1 RNA encodes two peptides from a single internal reading frame. These two peptides accumulate at the membrane, and inducing their expression triggers S. aureus death. Replacement of the two initiation codons by termination signals reverses this toxicity. During growth, cis-antisense RNA SprF1 is expressed, preventing mortality by reducing SprG1 RNA and peptide levels. The peptides are secreted extracellularly, where they lyse human host erythrocytes, a process performed more efficiently by the longer peptide. The two peptides also inactivate Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, with the shorter peptide more effective against S. aureus rivals. Two peptides are secreted from an individual RNA containing two functional initiation codons. Thus, we present an unconventional type I toxin-antitoxin system expressed from a human pathogen producing two hemolytic and antibacterial peptides from a dual-coding RNA, negatively regulated by a dual-acting antisense RNA.
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24
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Beresford E, Biek D, Jandourek A, Mawal Y, Riccobene T, Friedland HD. Ceftaroline fosamil for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7:123-35. [PMID: 24494793 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.884457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin infections have traditionally been classified by the US FDA as uncomplicated and complicated. In August 2010, the FDA released a new guidance document for the development of drugs to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and this was updated in 2013. Several new issues were addressed and henceforth skin infections in clinical trials were termed ABSSSI. In the USA, the annual prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-related skin infections have continuously increased from 32.7% in 1998 to 53.8% in 2007. Ceftaroline fosamil is the only cephalosporin approved in the USA for monotherapy treatment of ABSSSI including infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil was shown in the CANVAS clinical trials. The CANVAS Day-3 analyses met an earlier, primary efficacy time point requested by the FDA. Ceftaroline has minimal drug-drug interactions, is well tolerated and possesses the safety profile associated with the cephalosporin class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Beresford
- Global Medicines Development, Forest Research Institute, Harborside Financial Center, Plaza V, Jersey City, NJ 07311, USA
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Nano and Microscale Topographies for the Prevention of Bacterial Surface Fouling. COATINGS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings4010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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