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Witek K, Kaczor A, Żesławska E, Podlewska S, Marć MA, Czarnota-Łydka K, Nitek W, Latacz G, Tejchman W, Bischoff M, Jacob C, Handzlik J. Chalcogen-Varied Imidazolone Derivatives as Antibiotic Resistance Breakers in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37998820 PMCID: PMC10669504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a search for new therapeutic agents that may improve the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics and help to successfully overcome methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has been conducted. The purpose of this work was to extend the scope of our preliminary studies and to evaluate the adjuvant potency of new derivatives in a set of S. aureus clinical isolates. The study confirmed the high efficacy of piperazine derivatives of 5-arylideneimidazol-4-one (7-9) tested previously, and it enabled the authors to identify even more efficient modulators of bacterial resistance among new analogs. The greatest capacity to enhance oxacillin activity was determined for 1-benzhydrylpiperazine 5-spirofluorenehydantoin derivative (13) which, at concentrations as low as 0.0625 mM, restores the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics against MRSA strains. In silico studies showed that the probable mechanism of action of 13 is related to the binding of the molecule with the allosteric site of PBP2a. Interestingly, thiazole derivatives tested were shown to act as both oxacillin and erythromycin conjugators in S. aureus isolates, suggesting a complex mode of action (i.e., influence on the Msr(A) efflux pump). This high enhancer activity indicates the high potential of imidazolones to become commercially available antibiotic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Witek
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2.1, D-66123 Saarbrüecken, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Aneta Kaczor
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (E.Ż.); (W.T.)
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Anna Marć
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Kinga Czarnota-Łydka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Waldemar Tejchman
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (E.Ż.); (W.T.)
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Claus Jacob
- Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2.1, D-66123 Saarbrüecken, Germany;
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
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Garrine M, Costa SS, Messa A, Massora S, Vubil D, Ácacio S, Nhampossa T, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Couto I. Antimicrobial resistance and clonality of Staphylococcus aureus causing bacteraemia in children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital, Mozambique, over two decades. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1208131. [PMID: 37555065 PMCID: PMC10406509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1208131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of bacteraemia, associated with high mortality, mainly due to the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. Data on antibiotic susceptibility and genetic lineages of bacteraemic S. aureus are still scarce in Mozambique. The study aims to describe the antibiotic susceptibility and clonality of S. aureus isolated from blood cultures of children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital over two decades (2001-2019). METHODS A total of 336 S. aureus isolates detected in blood cultures of children aged <5 years were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion or minimal inhibitory concentration, and for the presence of resistance determinants by PCR. The clonality was evaluated by SmaI-PFGE, spa typing, and MLST. The SCCmec element was characterized by SCCmec typing. RESULTS Most S. aureus (94%, 317/336) were resistant to at least one class of antibiotics, and one quarter (25%) showed a MDR phenotype. High rates of resistance were detected to penicillin (90%) and tetracycline (48%); followed by erythromycin/clindamycin (25%/23%), and co-trimoxazole (11%), while resistance to methicillin (MRSA strains) or gentamicin was less frequent (≤5%). The phenotypic resistance to distinct antibiotics correlated well with the corresponding resistance determinants (Cohen's κ test: 0.7-1.0). Molecular typing revealed highly diverse clones with predominance of CC5 (17%, 58/336) and CC8 (16%), followed by CC15 (11%) and CC1 (11%). The CC152, initially detected in 2001, re-emerged in 2010 and became predominant throughout the remaining surveillance period, while other CCs (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC25, CC80, and CC88) decreased over time. The 16 MRSA strains detected belonged to clones t064-ST612/CC8-SCCmecIVd (69%, 11/16), t008-ST8/CC8-SCCmecNT (25%, 4/16) and t5351-ST88/CC88-SCCmecIVa (6%, 1/16). Specific clonal lineages were associated with extended length of stay and high in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION We document the circulation of diverse MDR S. aureus causing paediatric bacteraemia in Manhiça district, Mozambique, requiring a prompt recognition of S. aureus bacteraemia by drug resistant clones to allow more targeted clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Augusto Messa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sérgio Massora
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Delfino Vubil
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sozinho Ácacio
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tacilta Nhampossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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Obanda BA, Cook EAJ, Fèvre EM, Bebora L, Ogara W, Wang SH, Gebreyes W, Ngetich R, Wandede D, Muyodi J, Blane B, Coll F, Harrison EM, Peacock SJ, Gitao GC. Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients in Busia County Referral Hospital, Kenya. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121504. [PMID: 36558838 PMCID: PMC9781741 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen associated with hospital, community, and livestock-acquired infections, with the ability to develop resistance to antibiotics. Nasal carriage by hospital inpatients is a risk for opportunistic infections. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, virulence genes and genetic population structure of S. aureus nasal isolates, from inpatients at Busia County Referral Hospital (BCRH) were analyzed. A total of 263 inpatients were randomly sampled, from May to July 2015. The majority of inpatients (85.9%) were treated empirically with antimicrobials, including ceftriaxone (65.8%) and metronidazole (49.8%). Thirty S. aureus isolates were cultured from 29 inpatients with a prevalence of 11% (10.3% methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), 0.8% methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)). Phenotypic and genotypic resistance was highest to penicillin-G (96.8%), trimethoprim (73.3%), and tetracycline (13.3%) with 20% of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. Virulence genes, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1), and sasX gene were detected in 16.7%, 23.3% and 3.3% of isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed 4 predominant clonal complexes CC152, CC8, CC80, and CC508. This study has identified that inpatients of BCRH were carriers of S. aureus harbouring virulence genes and resistance to a range of antibiotics. This may indicate a public health risk to other patients and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benear Apollo Obanda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya
- Global One Health Initiative, Office of International Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Centre for Microbiology Research Nairobi, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth A. J. Cook
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
- Correspondence: (E.A.J.C.); (E.M.F.)
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
- Correspondence: (E.A.J.C.); (E.M.F.)
| | - Lilly Bebora
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya
| | - William Ogara
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya
| | - Shu-Hua Wang
- Global One Health Initiative, Office of International Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wondwossen Gebreyes
- Global One Health Initiative, Office of International Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ronald Ngetich
- Centre for Microbiology Research Nairobi, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya
| | - Dolphine Wandede
- Centre for Microbiology Research Nairobi, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya
| | - Johnstone Muyodi
- The Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Busia P.O. Box 3-50400, Kenya
| | - Beth Blane
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Francesc Coll
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ewan M. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - George C. Gitao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya
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Al-Talib H, Samsudin S, Adnan A, Murugaiah C. Genetic Diversity among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Malaysia (2002-2020). Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:360. [PMID: 36355902 PMCID: PMC9692495 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED 1. BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common organism seen in both healthcare-associated and community-associated infections worldwide and in Malaysia over the past two decades. The aim of this review is to provide a firsthand documentation of all MRSA strains prevalent in the Malaysian population from 2002 to present and briefly describe the changing patterns. 2. METHODS Electronic and manual intensive literature searches were conducted between 2002 and 2020, addressing issues directly related to patients and published in the English language were selected. 3. RESULTS The literature search retrieved a total of 2217 articles and abstracts of 27 articles. The search yielded a total of 24 articles on genotyping of MRSA in Malaysia. The study found that MRSA strains were mostly genetically related and resulted in the predominant MRSA clones that caused active infections. Thirty-six different sequence types (ST) were recorded. The highest rates of STs detected were ST239 (52.6%), ST1 (47.4%), and ST22 (42.1%). The majority of studies showed that both SCCmec types III and IV were the most common SCCm type in Malaysia, followed by SCCmec type V (57.9%). 4. CONCLUSIONS Both Brazilian (ST 239 IIIA) and Hungarian (ST 239-III) MRSA strains were detected in Malaysia. PFGE remains the best method for comparing MRSA strains. However, whole-genome sequencing has a promising chance to replace PFGE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassanain Al-Talib
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Syahirah Samsudin
- Institute for Medical and Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Ariza Adnan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Chandrika Murugaiah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
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Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia and Parapneumonic Effusion in a Male Patient with Diabetes: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a primary health concern. They are commonly differentiated as hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections, based on their epidemiology, susceptibility findings, and molecular typing patterns. Therefore, appropriate contact precautions and isolation measures should be implemented. CA-MRSA mostly causes skin and soft-tissue infections, but the probability and incidence of it causing sepsis and invasive infections have increased dramatically in recent years. In this study, we report a case of CA-MRSA pneumonia with pan-pneumonic effusion in a 59-year-old male diabetic patient with preexisting comorbidities such as diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ST elevated myocardial infarction. The early reporting of the organism’s identity and its antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as timely initiation of antibiotic therapy, aided in the successful management and cure of the patient.
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Yang Y, Lv S, Wang Z, Liu J. Selenium Ameliorates S. aureus-Induced Inflammation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Regulating ROS-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3171-3175. [PMID: 34535880 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the regulation effects of selenium (Se) on the expression of pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) infected by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were detected. bMECs were treated with 8 μmol/L Na2SeO3 for 12 h before infection with S. aureus for 2 h. Through flow cytometry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of ROS and NLRP3 imflammasome was detected. Results showed Se significantly reduced the ROS level in bMECs; at the same time, the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, Pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β were also decreased. In conclusion, Se inhibits S. aureus-induced inflammation by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and ROS in bMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, 276012, China
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Zhennan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Junjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071001, China.
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Zhou X, Zheng Y, Lv Q, Kong D, Ji B, Han X, Zhou D, Sun Z, Zhu L, Liu P, Jiang H, Jiang Y. Staphylococcus aureus N-terminus formylated δ-toxin tends to form amyloid fibrils, while the deformylated δ-toxin tends to form functional oligomer complexes. Virulence 2021; 12:1418-1437. [PMID: 34028320 PMCID: PMC8158037 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1928395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (CA-MRSA) is highly virulent and has become a major focus of public health professionals. Phenol-soluble modulins (PSM) are key factors in its increased virulence. δ-Toxin belongs to PSM family and has copious secretion in many S. aureus strains. In addition, δ-toxin exists in the S. aureus culture supernatant as both N-terminus formylated δ-toxin (fδ-toxin) and deformylated δ-toxin (dfδ-toxin) groups. Although δ-toxin has been studied for more than 70 years, its functions remain unclear. We isolated and purified PSMs from the supernatant of S. aureus MW2, and found fibrils and oligomers aggregates by Size Exclusion Chromatography. After analyzing PSM aggregates and using peptide simulations, we found that the difference in the monomer structure of fδ-toxin and dfδ-toxin might ultimately lead to differences in the aggregation ability: fδ-toxin and dfδ-toxin tend to form fibrils and oligomers respectively. Of note, we found that fδ-toxin fibrils enhanced the stability of biofilms, while dfδ-toxin oligomers promoted their dispersal. Additionally, oligomeric dfδ-toxin combined with PSMα to form a complex with enhanced functionality. Due to the different aggregation capabilities and functions of fδ-toxin and dfδ-toxin, we speculate that they may be involved in the regulation of physiological activities of S. aureus. Moreover, the dfδ-toxin oligomer not only provides a new form of complex in the study of PSMα, but also has significance as a reference in oligomer research pertaining to some human amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Contribution of Coagulase and Its Regulator SaeRS to Lethality of CA-MRSA 923 Bacteremia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111396. [PMID: 34832552 PMCID: PMC8623987 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase is a critical factor for distinguishing Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Our previous studies demonstrated that the null mutation of coagulase (coa) or its direct regulator, SaeRS, significantly enhanced the ability of S. aureus (CA-MRSA 923) to survive in human blood in vitro. This led us to further investigate the role of coagulase and its direct regulator, SaeRS, in the pathogenicity of CA-MRSA 923 in bacteremia during infection. In this study, we found that the null mutation of coa significantly decreased the mortality of CA-MRSA 923; moreover, the single null mutation of saeRS and the double deletion of coa/saeRS abolished the virulence of CA-MRSA 923. Moreover, the mice infected with either the saeRS knockout or the coa/saeRS double knockout mutant exhibited fewer histological lesions and less neutrophils infiltration in the infected kidneys compared to those infected with the coa knockout mutant or their parental control. Furthermore, we examined the impact of coa and saeRS on bacterial survival in vitro. The null mutation of coa had no impact on bacterial survival in mice blood, whereas the deletion mutation of saeRS or coa/saeRS significantly enhanced bacterial survival in mice blood. These data indicate that SaeRS plays a key role in the lethality of CA-MRSA 923 bacteremia, and that coagulase is one of the important virulence factors that is regulated by SaeRS and contributes to the pathogenicity of CA-MRSA 923.
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Ochi F, Tauchi H, Kagajo M, Murakami S, Miyamoto H, Hamada J, Eguchi-Ishimae M, Eguchi M. Properties of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211044796. [PMID: 34514060 PMCID: PMC8424600 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211044796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is one of the clinically important coagulase-negative staphylococci. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the microbiological features of S. lugdunensis in hospitalized children. Methods. From January 2012 to December 2019, all isolates were retrospectively screened for S. lugdunensis. Results. Twenty-five children were eligible for study. Nineteen and six children were classified into a critical care unit group (Group A) and a general medical ward group (Group B), respectively. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. lugdunensis was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (68.4% vs 0%; P < .01). Eleven children (44%) had S. lugdunensis infections, while the remaining children were colonized. Six of the 11 infected children (55%) had healthcare-associated infections. Moreover, 3 isolates exhibited the methicillin resistance. Conclusions. The bacteriological characteristics of S. lugdunensis differ depending on patient background. Selection of antibiotic treatment should in part rely on patient background data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ochi
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hisamichi Tauchi
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mari Kagajo
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | | | | | - Junpei Hamada
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Mariko Eguchi
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Flouchi R, Elmniai A, Hibatallah A, Fahsi K, Touzani I, Fikri-Benbrahim K. The Relationship between Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Surgical Site Infections in a Hospital Center in Morocco. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5585588. [PMID: 34484346 PMCID: PMC8413043 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection is a major public health problem in the world. Nasal carriage is a major risk factor for the development of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infection, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our work aims to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the associated risk factors and to evaluate their sensitivity to 27 antibiotics. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 patients, hospitalized in preoperative care of surgery units at the Taza Provincial Hospital Center in the Fez-Meknes region, from January to June 2019. Samples were taken from the patient's anterior nostril using single-use sterile dry or wet cotton swabs and then analyzed in the Provincial Public Health Laboratory in Taza. The carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was studied by conventional bacteriological methods by spreading nasal swabs on Chapman culture medium, while antibiotic resistance was determined by the Mueller-Hinton agar disc diffusion method according to the recommendations described by the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology 2019 (CA SFM 2019). RESULTS Of the 84 patients found to be positive, 45.24% had coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and 54.76% had coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. After surgery in the postoperative phase, 16 patients developed surgical site infections, of which two had a negative nasal culture and 14 had positive nasal culture. Among the Staphylococcus aureus-positive patients, 36.84% were colonized by a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 63.16% by a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Of these, 57.14% of MRSA colonized patients developed an infection of the surgical site and 42.85% showed no sign of SSI, while for patients colonized by MSSA, 16.67% developed SSI and 83.33% showed no sign of SSI. Moreover, children were the most affected by MRSA. Concerning antibiotic sensitivity, multiresistance of MRSA to more than 3 antibiotics has been found. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in this hospital center with the aim of knowing the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA and to identify the risk factors in order to prevent infections related to nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Flouchi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Science and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Annex Taza, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Elmniai
- Human Pathology, Biomedicine and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Provincial Laboratory of Epidemiology and Environmental Hygiene, DMS, Taza, Morocco
| | | | - Karim Fahsi
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ibrahim Touzani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Science and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Science and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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11
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Ning Y, Wang X, Hu J, Li L, Xiao R, Lu F. Graphene-based fluorometric determination of agrD gene transcription in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using exonuclease III-aided target recycling and DNA walker cascade amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:269. [PMID: 34297210 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A graphene-based bioassay is described for the fluorometric determination of agrD gene transcription (mRNA) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This method includes exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted target recycling and DNA walker cascade amplification. Hairpin1 (HP1) consists of a capture probe (CP) and DNA walker sequence. In the absence of the target, 5'-amino modified hairpin2 (HP2) labeled with carboxyfluorescein (FAM) at its 3' terminus is covalently linked to graphene via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) catalysis, resulting in the quenching of the FAM signal. The stem-loop structure of HP1 opens when the target is added to form partially complementary DNA/RNA hybrids. Exo III then initiates the target recycling process by cleaving the CP and DNA walker cascade reaction by automatic walking. This iterative reaction causes the FAM to dissociate from the graphene, and the fluorescence can be measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 480/514 nm. Therefore, the target can be assayed by fluorescence. This method has a linear relationship with the concentration of target within the range 1 fM to 100 pM with a detection limit of 1 fM. The developed bioassay was used to monitor biofilm formation and investigate the mechanism of drug action with satisfactory results. Schematic representation of the graphene-based fluorescent bioassay for agrD gene transcription in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by using exonuclease III-aided target recycling and DNA walker cascade amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ning
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Hu
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Experimental Center of molecular biology, The Chinese Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangguo Lu
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Briones-Claudett KH, Briones-Claudett MH, Armijo EAM, Martinez Alvarez ME, Briones Zamora KH, Briones Marquez DC, Icaza-Freire AP, Grunauer M. Cavitary Pneumonia Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Non-Immunocompromised Patient After an Endoscopy: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e930136. [PMID: 34253705 PMCID: PMC8286802 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.930136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia has well-defined characteristics. We present a case of cavitary pneumonia due to MRSA in a patient who had undergone a recent outpatient gastroscopic procedure. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old man presented at the Emergency Department with tonic-clonic seizures of 2 min durations. He had a history of seizures without current treatment or use of psychostimulant drugs. His personal history referred to hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine, morbid type 3 obesity, gastritis with a gastric ulcer, penicillin allergies, and an ambulatory endoscopy with a biopsy (7 days ago) for erosive gastropathy. On the 3rd day of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), a bronchoscopy was performed, which showed a reddened mucosa with hemorrhagic points and a cavitary area in the right main bronchus. Multiple polymerase chain reaction and mass spectrometry analyses of samples of bronchioalveolar lavage from the bronchus revealed MRSA with a mechanism of resistance to the mecA gene (1×10⁵ colony-forming unit/mL). The laboratory results for the cerebrospinal fluid were negative for bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS This is a rare case of cavitary pneumonia due to MRSA of clinical and epidemiological characteristics, which is unusual after an outpatient endoscopic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killen H. Briones-Claudett
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Physiology and Respiratory Center Briones-Claudett, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Intensive Care Unit, Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS), Babahoyo, Ecuador
| | - Mónica H. Briones-Claudett
- Physiology and Respiratory Center Briones-Claudett, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Intensive Care Unit, Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS), Babahoyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Killen H. Briones Zamora
- Physiology and Respiratory Center Briones-Claudett, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Michelle Grunauer
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Critical Care Unit, Hospital de los Valles, Quito, Ecuador
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13
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Ménard G, Morin-Le Bihan A, Isly H, Auger G, Le Neindre K, King LA, Martins-Simões P, Tristan A, Donnio PY. Clustered cases of infections due to an uncommon methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus originating in a maternity ward. Infect Dis Now 2021; 51:540-546. [PMID: 34198001 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.06.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to report a community outbreak of an uncommon methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) originating in a maternity ward. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cases were defined by epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological investigations. Microbiological investigations included phenotypic analysis, molecular typing, and whole-genome sequencing. To control the outbreak, we applied both national recommendations to prevent in-hospital transmission and the French High Council for Public Health guidelines on the management of community-acquired MRSA infections. RESULTS Between March and July 2016, seven patients with MRSA infections were identified: six skin and soft tissue infections and one pulmonary infection, including six microbiologically confirmed infections. Infections occurred in community settings, but a link with the same maternity ward was found for all patients. All MRSA strains had a t690 spa type, were tetracycline-resistant, and produced Panton-Valentine leukocidin. All isolates belonged to the sequence type 88 (ST88). CONCLUSION This outbreak highlights the largely underestimated risk of healthcare-associated infections in maternity wards. Healthcare workers should be aware of the importance of standard hygiene precautions and use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers for neonates and mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ménard
- CHU de Rennes, service de bactériologie-hygiène hospitalière, 35033 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, unité Inserm U1230, 35043 Rennes, France.
| | - A Morin-Le Bihan
- CHU de Rennes, service de bactériologie-hygiène hospitalière, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - H Isly
- CHU de Rennes, service d'obstétrique, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - G Auger
- CHU de Rennes, service de bactériologie-hygiène hospitalière, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - K Le Neindre
- CHU de Rennes, service de bactériologie-hygiène hospitalière, 35033 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, unité Inserm U1230, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - L A King
- Santé Publique France, Rennes, France
| | - P Martins-Simões
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, institut des agents infectieux, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - A Tristan
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, institut des agents infectieux, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - P Y Donnio
- CHU de Rennes, service de bactériologie-hygiène hospitalière, 35033 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, unité Inserm U1230, 35043 Rennes, France
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Bashier El L, Ali Hamid A, Abuzar Al A, Abdalgader I, Aldoum Ibr M, Abdelghani S, Osman Gasi A. Nasal Carriage of MRSA in Healthcare Workers: A Pivotal Role in Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infections. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.428.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Sivaraman GK, Sivam V, Ganesh B, Elangovan R, Vijayan A, Mothadaka MP. Whole genome sequence analysis of multi drug resistant community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from food fish: detection of clonal lineage ST 28 and its antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11224. [PMID: 34113482 PMCID: PMC8158172 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type 28 (ST 28) and spa type t021 is a CC30, prototype of ST-30, Community Associated-MRSA (CA-MRSA) (lukS-lukF +). It is a multi-drug resistant strain harbouring staphylococcal endotoxins, haemolysins, ureolysin, serine protease, and antimicrobial resistance genes. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of this MRSA isolated from the most commonly used food fish, ribbon fish (Trichiurus lepturus). The total number of assembled paired-end high-quality reads was 7,731,542 with a total length of 2.8Mb of 2797 predicted genes. The unique ST28/ t021 CA- MRSA in fish is the first report from India, and in addition to antibiotic resistance is known to co-harbour virulence genes, haemolysins, aureolysins and endotoxins. Comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of CA-MRSA strain7 can help further understand their diversity, genetic structure, diversity and a high degree of virulence to aid in fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Krishnan Sivaraman
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Visnuvinayagam Sivam
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Laoratory, ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ardhra Vijayan
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
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16
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Sharma S, Pal S, Negi V, Juyal D, Sharma M, Prakash R. Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA nasal carriage among hospital exposed and unexposed medical students. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4936-4941. [PMID: 33209825 PMCID: PMC7652201 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_820_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common human pathogen causing a wide range of infections. It is estimated that S.aureus colonizes the anterior nares in approximately 31% of the general population at any given time. The incidence of community acquired & hospital acquired S. aureus has been increasing over the past few decades, predominantly due to continuous upsurge in the drug resistant isolates. Moreover, globally the incidence of methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) is progressively increasing. Hence, it would be imperative to screen all healthcare workers, interns and admitted patients for MRSA carriage and to treat all those who are found positive for the same. With the above background, the current study was undertaken to investigate the carrier rate of S. aureus (including MRSA) among hospital unexposed & exposed medical students. METHODS A total of 181 medical students of Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand. Study participants were broadly divided into two groups: hospital exposed group (n=107) and hospital unexposed group (n=74). Nasal swabs were obtained & cultured for the detection of S. aureus. Congo red agar and 0.1% Crystal Violet Assay were performed to observe the ability to form in vitro biofilm by S. aureus. RESULTS Out of total 181 medical students 29.28% were found to be healthy carrier of S. aureus. Among the hospital exposed group 37.38% and among hospital unexposed group 17.57% were found to be healthy carrier of S. aureus. Only one student (hospital exposed group) was found to be positive for MRSA. Beta-lactamase production was noted in 90.57% strains of S. aureus while the significant rate of slime layer production was observed in 73.58% of strains. CONCLUSION Prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage increases with the duration of exposure to the hospital environment. The nasal carriage of S. aureus in medical students indicate the potential danger of dissemination of S. aureus including MRSA from them to the hospitalized patients which in turn complicates the treatment of same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shekhar Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikrant Negi
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Juyal
- Department of Microbiology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Munesh Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajat Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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17
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Shen P, Zhou K, Wang Y, Song J, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Xiao Y. High prevalence of a globally disseminated hypervirulent clone, Staphylococcus aureus CC121, with reduced vancomycin susceptibility in community settings in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2537-2543. [PMID: 31203362 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) are derived from hospital-associated MRSA due to treatment failure; however, the prevalence of hVISA/VISA in community settings remains unclear. METHODS Four hundred and seventy-six community-associated isolates were collected between 2010 and 2011 during national surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in 31 county hospitals across China. Drug susceptibility evaluation and mecA detection were performed by using broth microdilution and PCR analysis, respectively. hVISA/VISA were identified by using macro-Etest and a modified population analysis profile (PAP)-AUC method. The genetic features of all hVISA/VISA isolates were genotyped. RESULTS Among 476 isolates, MRSA and MSSA accounted for 19.7% (n = 94) and 80.3% (n = 382), respectively. Two VISA and 36 hVISA isolates were identified by PAP-AUC testing. The VISA isolates and 29 of the hVISA isolates were MRSA. The proportion of hVISA/VISA was significantly higher in MRSA (30.9%) than in MSSA (1.8%). The hVISA/VISA isolates were assigned to 18 STs classified into seven clonal complexes (CCs). CC121 (n = 12) followed by ST239 (n = 11) was the most prevalent hVISA/VISA clone. All ST239-hVISA/VISA were MRSA, while 12 CC121-hVISA isolates included 6 MSSA and 6 MRSA isolates. SCCmec III was predominant among MRSA-hVISA/VISA isolates. agr I and agr IV were detected in ST239 and CC121, respectively. All except two strains were positive for Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CC121 as a prevalent hVISA clone in community settings, highlighting the necessity of surveillance and stricter infection control measures for this globally disseminated lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medicine School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medicine School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Song
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China.,Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China.,Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanzi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medicine School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medicine School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Baig S, Rhod Larsen A, Martins Simões P, Laurent F, Johannesen TB, Lilje B, Tristan A, Schaumburg F, Egyir B, Cirkovic I, Nimmo GR, Spiliopoulou I, Blanc DS, Mernelius S, Moen AEF, David MZ, Andersen PS, Stegger M. Evolution and Population Dynamics of Clonal Complex 152 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2020; 5:e00226-20. [PMID: 32611695 PMCID: PMC7333568 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00226-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were recognized with the emergence of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA belonging to clonal complex 152 (CC152), carrying the small staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type V and encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been observed in Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate its origin, evolution, and dissemination. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a global collection of 149 CC152 isolates spanning 20 years (93 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] and 56 MRSA isolates). Core genome phylogeny, Bayesian inference, in silico resistance analyses, and genomic characterization were applied. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major distinct clades, one dominated by MSSA and the other populated only by MRSA. The MSSA isolates were predominately from sub-Saharan Africa, whereas MRSA was almost exclusively from Europe. The European MRSA isolates all harbored an SCCmec type V (5C2&5) element, whereas other SCCmec elements were sporadically detected in MRSA from the otherwise MSSA-dominated clade, including SCCmec types IV (2B), V (5C2), and XIII (9A). In total, 93% of the studied CC152 isolates were PVL positive. Bayesian coalescent inference suggests an emergence of the European CC152-MRSA in the 1990s, while the CC152 lineage dates back to the 1970s. The CA-MRSA CC152 clone mimics the European CC80 CA-MRSA lineage by its emergence from a PVL-positive MSSA ancestor from North Africa or Europe. The CC152 lineage has acquired SCCmec several times, but acquisition of SCCmec type V (5C2&5) seems associated with expansion of MRSA CC152 in Europe.IMPORTANCE Understanding the evolution of CA-MRSA is important in light of the increasing importance of this reservoir in the dissemination of MRSA. Here, we highlight the story of the CA-MRSA CC152 lineage using whole-genome sequencing on an international collection of CC152. We show that the evolution of this lineage is novel and that antibiotic usage may have the potential to select for the phage-encoded Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The diversity of the strains correlated highly to geography, with higher level of resistance observed among the European MRSA isolates. The mobility of the SCCmec element is mandatory for the emergence of novel MRSA lineages, and we show here distinct acquisitions, one of which is linked to the successful clone found throughout Europe today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Baig
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrícia Martins Simões
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thor Bech Johannesen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilje
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tristan
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ivana Cirkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Graeme R Nimmo
- Pathology Queensland Central Laboratory, Griffith University School of Medicine, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dominique S Blanc
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Mernelius
- Laboratory Medicine, Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Aina Elisabeth Fossum Moen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Z David
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Ning Y, Chen S, Hu J, Li L, Cheng L, Lu F. Fluorometric determination of agrA gene transcription in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a graphene oxide-based assay using strand-displacement polymerization recycling and hybridization chain reaction. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:372. [PMID: 32504215 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A graphene oxide (GO)-based fluorescent bioassay was developed to quantify agrA gene transcription (its mRNA) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This method is based on the use of Klenow fragment (KF)-assisted target recycling amplification and hybridization chain reaction (HCR). A triple complex was designed that contained a capture probe (CP), a trigger probe (TP), and a help probe (HP), which were partially complementary to one another. In the absence of the target, all the oligonucleotides labeled with carboxyfluorescein (FAM) are adsorbed onto the surface of GO by π-stacking interactions. This adsorption quenches the FAM signal. On the contrary, the target RNA causes the triple complex to disintegrate and initiates strand-displacement polymerization reaction (SDPR) and HCR in the presence of the appropriate raw materials, including the primer, KF, dNTPs, hairpin 1 (H1), and hairpin 2 (H2), generating double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products. These dsDNA products are repelled by GO and produce strong fluorescence, measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 480/514 nm. The fluorescent signal is greatly amplified by SYBR Green I (SGI) due to the synergistic effect of dsDNA-SGI. The target was assayed with this method at concentrations in the range 10 fM to 100 pM, and the detection limit (LOD) was 10 fM. This method also displayed good applicability in the analysis of real samples. It provides a new way of monitoring biofilm formation and studying the mechanisms of drug actions. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the graphene oxide-based fluorescent bioassay for agrA gene transcription in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by using strand-displacement polymerization recycling and hybridization chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ning
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanquan Chen
- Department of General Education, The School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen campus), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Hu
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Experimental Center of molecular biology, The Chinese Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangguo Lu
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Urbán E, Stone GG. Impact of EUCAST ceftaroline breakpoint change on the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from patients with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1429.e1-1429.e4. [PMID: 30980925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2018, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) introduced an intermediate breakpoint for ceftaroline against Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of this study was to compare data on resistance to ceftaroline among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates using versions 7.1 (March 2017) and 8.0 (January 2018) of the EUCAST breakpoints. METHODS Participating centers were located in Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania and South America. Isolates were collected from patients with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections and were cultured from integumentary sources. Methicillin resistance among S. aureus was confirmed locally using the oxacillin method. The CLSI broth microdilution method was used to measure ceftaroline MICs at the central laboratory. Versions 7.1 and 8.0 of the EUCAST breakpoints were used to interpret MIC data. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2016, 9559 isolates of S. aureus were collected, of which 5566 (58.2%) isolates were MRSA. Overall, the lowest rate of MRSA was in Asia (56.5%; 705/1247) and the highest rate was in Oceania (62.7%; 299/477). Using version 7.1 of the EUCAST breakpoints, 4.5% (250/5566) of all MRSA isolates were resistant to ceftaroline and when version 8.0 of the breakpoints was applied, 4.2% (235/5566) of MRSA were in the intermediate category and 0.3% (15/5566) of all isolates were considered resistant. CONCLUSIONS By applying version 8.0 of the EUCAST breakpoints, the majority of MRSA isolates that were resistant are now in the intermediate category for ceftaroline. Ceftaroline resistance among MRSA now appears rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Founou LL, Founou RC, Allam M, Ismail A, Finyom Djoko C, Essack SY. Genome analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs: Detection of the clonal lineage ST398 in Cameroon and South Africa. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:512-525. [PMID: 31124311 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Food animals are considered reservoirs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and are implicated in their zoonotic transmission in the farm-to-plate continuum. LA-MRSA has been reported as a zoonotic agent that has the potential to spread to humans and may cause infections in at-risk groups. In this study, whole genome sequencing was used to describe the genetic environment (resistance mechanisms, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements) and investigate the genetic lineages of MRSA isolates from pigs in Cameroonian and South African abattoirs. During March-October 2016, 288 nasal and rectal pooled samples from 432 pigs as well as nasal and hand swabs from 82 humans were collected. Genomic DNA was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Generated reads were de novo-assembled using the Qiagen CLC Genomics Workbench and SPAdes. The assembled contigs were annotated, and antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, plasmids, SCCmec and phage elements were identified with ResFinder, Virulence Finder, PlasmidFinder, SCCmec Finder and PHAST, respectively. Core genome single nucleotide analysis was undertaken to assess clonal relatedness among isolates. A lower MRSA prevalence was observed in pigs in Cameroon (n = 1/13; 0.07%) compared with South Africa (n = 4/22; 18.18%), and none of the workers were colonized by MRSA. Genome analysis identified various antibiotic resistance genes along with six virulence factors in all isolates. All MRSA isolates belonged to the clonal lineage ST398 (spa-type t011) and harboured the type Vc SCCmec and several plasmids. Our study shows that the livestock-associated MRSA clonal lineage ST398 is already present in both Cameroon and South Africa and is probably underestimated in the absence of molecular epidemiological studies. It reveals the serious food safety and public health threat associated with this animal strain and underscores the need for interventions to contain this resistant clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luria Leslie Founou
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Food Safety and Environmental Microbiology, Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Raspail Carrel Founou
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mushal Allam
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cyrille Finyom Djoko
- Metabiota Inc., Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Centre for Research and Doctoral Training in Life Science, Health and Environment, The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sabiha Yusuf Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Haque M, Rahman NAA, McKimm J, Kibria GM, Azim Majumder MA, Haque SZ, Islam MZ, Binti Abdullah SL, Daher AM, Zulkifli Z, Rahman S, Kabir R, Lutfi SNNB, Aishah Binti Othman NS. Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defence University. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1333-1351. [PMID: 31190922 PMCID: PMC6529675 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s203364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-medication of drugs to alleviate symptoms is a common global behavior, helping relieve burdens on health services, but many drugs eg, antibiotics are prescription-only. Self-medication of antibiotics (SMA) is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance increasing health care costs and higher mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess SMA among university students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical and non-medical students of the National Defence University of Malaysia. A validated instrument was used to gather data. Ethics approval was obtained. Random and universal sampling was adopted, and SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 649 students participated in the study: 48.5% male and 51.5% female, 39.3% reported self-medicating with antibiotics. Penicillin, doxycycline, clarithromycin were the antibiotics most used with the majority reporting no adverse drug reactions. Cost savings and convenience were the principal reasons for SMA which were mainly obtained from local retail pharmacies. Despite medical students (particularly the more senior) having better knowledge of antibiotic use than non-medical students, 89% of all research participants responded that practicing SMA was a good/acceptable practice. Conclusion: SMA is common amongst Malaysian students and, despite understanding why SMA is unwise, even medical students self-medicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlina A Rahman
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Judy McKimm
- Swansea University School of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Golam Mohammad Kibria
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Seraj Zohurul Haque
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Md Zakirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Eastern Medical College, Burichang3520, Bangladesh
| | - Shahidah Leong Binti Abdullah
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Aqil Mohammad Daher
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Zulkifli
- Department of Surgery, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital, Temerloh, Pahang, 28000, Malaysia
| | - Sayeeda Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Siti Nur Najihah Binti Lutfi
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syamirah Aishah Binti Othman
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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23
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Monitoring and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Wounds. Adv Skin Wound Care 2019; 31:399-405. [PMID: 29975199 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000540069.99416.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers analyzed chronic wounds treated with 2% hydrogel to determine whether the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is related to the presence of clinical signs of infection. METHODS Thirty-five patients were recruited for this descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using a disk diffusion test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. Polymerase chain reaction, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing were performed. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman correlation coefficients for the variables MRSA and clinical signs of infection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The identification of MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA), presence or absence of an infection in the wound, and molecular characterization of bacteria were measured. MAIN RESULTS Of the 35 patients analyzed, 8 (22.9%) were classified as having an infection in their wounds. Spearman ρ indicated a strong positive correlation between the increase in the number of clinical signs of infection and MSSA (P =.84), but only a moderate positive correlation with MRSA (P =.60). The S aureus clonal pattern was unique for each of the major bacteria isolated. Global MRSA sequence-type clones (ST-1 and ST-72) were detected in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS Compared with those colonized by MSSA, chronic wounds colonized by MRSA did not display a strong correlation with the presence of a greater number of clinical signs of infection.
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Bahubali VKH, Vijayan P, Bhandari V, Siddaiah N, Srinivas D. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus intracranial abscess: An analytical series and review on molecular, surgical and medical aspects. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 36:97-103. [PMID: 29735835 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Intracranial abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is rare and unexplored. The aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence, clinical and molecular characteristics, treatment options and outcome of MRSA intracranial abscess over a period of 6 years. Patientsand Methods A total of 21 patients were included in this retrospective study. The demographic and clinical details of all the patients were collected. Molecular typing including staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, spa typing and polymerase chain reaction of Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin (PVL) gene for the latter 6 isolates was performed. Results The paediatric population was the most affected group (33.3%). The primary route of infection was post-operative/trauma in 7 (33.3%) cases. All the patients were treated surgically either by aspiration or excision. Fifteen (71%) patients received anti-MRSA treatment with vancomycin or linezolid, where linezolid-treated patients showed better prognosis. Of the 11 patients who were on follow-up, unfavourable outcome was observed in 3 (27.3%) cases and 8 (72.7%) cases improved. The molecular typing of six isolates revealed four community-associated (CA) MRSA, one each of livestock-associated (LA) and healthcare-associated MRSA with PVL gene noted in all. Conclusion We propose that timely diagnosis, surgical intervention and appropriate anti-MRSA treatment would contribute to better outcome. The occurrence of CA-MRSA and LA-MRSA infection in the central nervous system signifies the threat from the community and livestock reservoir, thus drawing attention towards surveillance and tracking to understand the epidemiology and implement infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Vijayan
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagarathna Siddaiah
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dwarakanath Srinivas
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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25
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Nakaminami H, Takadama S, Ito A, Hasegawa M, Jono C, Noguchi M, Shoshi M, Wajima T, Fujii T, Maruyama H, Sakamoto H, Ito Y, Okamoto S, Masaki Y, Tsuchiya K, Nishinarita S, Noguchi N. Characterization of SCC mec type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones increased in Japanese hospitals. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:769-774. [PMID: 29676727 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV isolates, which are the major community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have increased in Japanese hospitals. The aim of this study was to elucidate the detailed molecular epidemiological features of the SCCmec type IV clones in Japanese hospitals. When 2589 MRSA isolated from four hospitals in Tokyo, Japan between 2010 and 2014 were analysed, the proportion of SCCmec type IV overtook that of type II, which was the major type of hospital-acquired MRSA in 2014. Multilocus sequence typing showed that CC1 was the most predominant clone in the SCCmec type IV isolates. The clinical departments that the patients belonged to, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles suggested that the origin of the CC1-SCCmec type IV (CC1-IV) clone was a community setting. Our data show that the CC1-IV clone is becoming a predominant MRSA clone in Japanese hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takadama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ayumu Ito
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mariko Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Chika Jono
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Miyuki Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Manami Shoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeaki Wajima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maruyama
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, 1-7-1 Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo 206-8512, Japan
| | - Haruo Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0032, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Digestive Surgery, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midori, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan
| | - Satsuki Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fussa Hospital, 1-6-1 Kamidaira, Fussa, Tokyo 197-8511, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Masaki
- Department of Surgery, Ome Municipal General Hospital, 4-16-5 Higashiome, Ome, Tokyo 198-0042, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsuchiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tachikawa Sogo Hospital, 1-16-15 Nishiki, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8578, Japan
| | - Susumu Nishinarita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akiru Municipal Medical Center, 78-1 Hikita, Akiruno, Tokyo 197-0834, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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26
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Remitting infections due to community-acquired Panton–Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in the Milan area. J Infect Public Health 2018; 11:255-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Khan A, Wilson B, Gould IM. Current and future treatment options for community-associated MRSA infection. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:457-470. [PMID: 29480032 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1442826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) represents a global epidemic which beautifully encapsulates the fascinating ability of bacterial organisms to adapt quickly on an evolutionary basis to the extreme selective pressure of antibiotic exposure. In stark contrast to Healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), it has become apparent that CA-MRSA is less straight forward of a challenge in terms of controlling its transmission, and has forced clinicians to adjust empiric management of clinical syndromes such as skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) as well as pneumonia. AREAS COVERED This review details the history and epidemiology of CA-MRSA, while covering both current and future treatment options that are and may be available to clinicians. The authors reviewed both historic and more recent literature on this ever-evolving topic. EXPERT OPINION While development of new anti-MRSA agents should be encouraged, the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in the battle to stay ahead of the curve with regards to the ongoing control of the MRSA epidemic should be emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khan
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI) , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - B Wilson
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI) , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - I M Gould
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI) , Aberdeen , Scotland
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Graphene oxide-based fluorometric determination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by using target-triggered chain reaction and deoxyribonuclease-assisted recycling. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:183. [PMID: 29594725 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a method for the fluorometric determination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by exploiting target-triggered chain reactions and deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I)-aided target recycling. It is making use of a carboxy-fluorescein (FAM)-labeled single-stranded probe containing two sections. One is complementary to the 5' terminus of the target, while the 3' terminus of the other target is adsorbed on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via π-stacking interactions without the target (16S rRNA). This adsorption results in quenching of the fluorescence of the label and protects it from being cleaved by DNase I. However, upon addition of the target, DNA/RNA hybrids are repelled by GO. This leads to fluorescence recovery as measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 480/514 nm due to a chain reaction that is triggered by the target. The signal is strongly amplified by using DNase I-mediated target recycling. The 16S rRNA of MRSA can be detected by this method in the 1 to 30 nM concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.02 nM. The method was applied to analyze bacterial samples, and the detection limit is as low as 30 CFU . mL-1. The assay is highly sensitive and selective and in our percpetion has a large potential in diagnosis of drug-resistant bacteria. Graphical abstract Schematic of the graphene oxide-based fluorescent bioassay for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection by using target-triggered chain reaction and deoxyribonuclease I-aided signal amplification.
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Genetics of bi-component leukocidin and drug resistance in nasal and clinical Staphylococcus aureus in Lagos, Nigeria. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:1-7. [PMID: 29246634 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant and virulent Staphylococcus aureus is a global public health challenge. Staphylococcal Bi-component leukotoxins are cytolytic to immune cells and evolve to disarm the innate immunity during infections, hence the severity of the disease. OBJECTIVE We studied drug resistance profile and the occurrence of bi-component leukocidin in clinical and nasal S. aureus in Lagos, Nigeria. METHOD Ninety-two S. aureus (70 clinical and 22 nasal) strains were characterized by conventional and molecular methods. RESULT Of the resistance profiles generated, no isolate was resistant to fosfomycin, fusidic acid, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, mupirocin, nitrofurantoin and tigecycline. Twelve MRSA carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mecA gene types I, III, and IV elements were identified only in the clinical samples and type I dominated. High rates of lukE/D (100% among MRSA) and lukPV (dominated MSSA) were recorded among the nasal and clinical isolates. Staphylococcus aureus harboring only lukE/D (from clinical & colonizing MSSA) and combined lukE/D and lukPV (mostly from clinical MSSA, colonizing MSSA and clinical MRSA) toxins were found. CONCLUSION Although, mecA resistant genes were found only among clinical MRSA, the occurrence of other bi-component leukocidin genes in a large proportion among the isolates from both community and clinical settings is a major concern. The need for effective resistance and virulence factor surveillance, re-enforcement of antibiotic stewardship and good infection control policy, to prevent dissemination of epidemic strains is highlighted.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of cecropin-A2 from Musca domestica. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:637-644. [PMID: 28735081 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Musca domestica cecropin-A2 (Mdc-A2) toward Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to learn more about their immunological functions. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with recombinant lentiviruses introduce pLEX-Mdc-A2into the RAW264.7 cell line (RAW-Mdc-A2). The RAW264.7 cell line with empty pLEX (RAW-pLEX) was produced in the same manner as a negative control. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of TNF-a, IL-1β, NFκB-1 and NFκB-2 in S. aureus-stimulated RAW-Mdc-A2 cells and RAW-pLEX cells in untreated cells and cells treated for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. RT-PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of TNF-a, NFκB-1 and NFκB-2 stimulated by Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Production of TNF-a was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Colony counts were used to calculate the number of CFU per mL of cell culture supernatants. The results showed that compared to RAW-pLEX cells, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by S. aureus significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of TNF-a transcript variant 1 (TNF-a-tv-1) at 6 h and 12 h and the mRNA expression of TNF-a transcript variant 2 (TNF-a-tv-2) at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h. Compared to RAW-pLEX cells, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by S. aureus significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-1β-T at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h as well as the mRNA expression of IL-1β at 3 h and 6 h. The expression and production of TNF-a and bacterial burden of cell culture supernatants were significantly down-regulated in RAW-Mdc-A2 cells stimulated by S. aureus, and the expression and production of TNF-a were significantly down-regulated in RAW-Mdc-A2 cells stimulated by LTA. Compared to RAW-pLEX cells, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by S. aureus significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of NFκB-1 at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h as well as the mRNA expression of NFκB-2 at 6 h. Additionally, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LTA significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of NFκB-1. In conclusion, Mdc-A2 possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity and potent antimicrobial activity. Additionally, Mdc-A2 may interact with LTA and execute strong anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the activation of NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Sobhanipoor MH, Ahmadrajabi R, Karmostaji A, Saffari F. Molecular characterization of nasal methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from workers of an automaker company in southeast Iran. APMIS 2017; 125:921-926. [PMID: 28736966 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colonization of methicillin resistant Staphylococccus aureus (MRSA) can occur more commonly in healthy people who live in close together or are in close physical contact with each other. Having knowledge about the molecular characteristics of these strains provides considerable discernment into the epidemiology of this important microorganism. A total of 806 nasal swabs were collected from healthy workers of an automaker company in the southeast of Iran and were analyzed to detect MRSA isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and detection of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) were performed. The presence of genes encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element (ACME) were also investigated. Carriage rate of S. aureus was 20%. Among 10 identified MRSA, no acme was found while high prevalence of pvl (60%) was of great concern. Seven different spa types including five new ones were identified. The most frequent sequence type was the novel one; ST 3373 (n = 3), followed by each of ST22, ST88, ST859 (n = 2) and ST1955 (n = 1). MRSA isolates were clustered into two main clonal complexes; CC22 (n = 6) and CC88 (n = 4). Low genetic diversity with the dominance of CC22, SCCmecIV was found. Distribution of previously found hospital-associated MRSA was demonstrated among our isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roya Ahmadrajabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Section, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Karmostaji
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mkrtchyan HV, Xu Z, Yacoub M, Ter-Stepanyan MM, Karapetyan HD, Kearns AM, Cutler RR, Pichon B, Hambardzumyan AD. Detection of diverse genotypes of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital personnel and the environment in Armenia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:19. [PMID: 28184301 PMCID: PMC5294836 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a public health concern internationally. Studies examining a range of cohorts have been reported from various regions of the world, but little is known about the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Armenia. Methods Between May and September 2013, twenty isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; mecA positive) were recovered from hospital personnel (n = 10; 9 females, 1 male) and environmental sites (n = 10) in the maternity ward of one of the teaching hospitals in Armenia. Results Multi-locus sequence type clonal complex (MLST-CC) assignments inferred from spa typing data revealed the majority belonged to 3 pandemic lineages of MRSA including: t008-CC8-SCCmecV (n = 10; 7 from personnel); t021-CC30-SCCmecIV (n = 5; all environmental); and t1523-CC45 (n = 2; 1 from personnel), one harboured SCCmecV the other was SCCmec non-typable. The remainder identified as belonging to genotype t364-CC182, both of which harboured a novel SCCmec cassette with kdp, rif5, ccrB2 and ccrC detected by PCR (both from personnel); and t325-CC88-SCCmecIV (n = 1; environmental). All MRSA were negative for the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) locus and three CC8 strains were positive for the arginine catabolic element (ACME). Conclusions In this small study, we report for the first time of the occurrence of diverse MRSA genotypes belonging to both pandemic and more sporadic international clones in Armenia harbouring the smaller SCCmec types and/or ACME, both of which have been associated with strain fitness. Further surveillance is warranted to better understand the prevalence, clinical and molecular epidemiology of MRSA throughout Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine V Mkrtchyan
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK.,School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK
| | - Zhen Xu
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Maria Yacoub
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, National Infection Service, Colindale, London, UK
| | | | | | - Angela M Kearns
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, National Infection Service, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Ronald R Cutler
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Bruno Pichon
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, National Infection Service, Colindale, London, UK
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Evolutionary Dynamics of Pandemic Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ST398 and Its International Spread via Routes of Human Migration. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.01375-16. [PMID: 28096484 PMCID: PMC5241395 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01375-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) accounts for the majority of S. aureus infections globally, and yet surprisingly little is known about its clonal evolution. We applied comparative whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses to epidemiologically and geographically diverse ST398-MSSA, a pandemic lineage affecting both humans and livestock. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis predicted divergence of human-associated ST398-MSSA ~40 years ago. Isolates from Midwestern pigs and veterinarians differed substantially from those in New York City (NYC). Pig ST398 strains contained a large region of recombination representing imports from multiple sequence types (STs). Phylogeographic analyses supported the spread of ST398-MSSA along local cultural and migratory links between parts of the Caribbean, North America, and France, respectively. Applying pairwise single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distances as a measure of genetic relatedness between isolates, we observed that ST398 not only clustered in households but also frequently extended across local social networks. Isolates collected from environmental surfaces reflected the full diversity of colonizing individuals, highlighting their potentially critical role as reservoirs for transmission and diversification. Strikingly, we observed high within-host SNP variability compared to our previous studies on the dominant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone USA300. Our data indicate that the dynamics of colonization, persistence, and transmission differ substantially between USA300-MRSA and ST398-MSSA. Taken together, our study reveals local and international routes of transmission for a major MSSA clone, indicating key impacts of recombination and mutation on genetic diversification and highlighting important ecological differences from epidemic USA300. Our study demonstrates extensive local and international routes of transmission for a major MSSA clone despite the lack of substantial antibiotic resistance. Unlike methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), surprisingly little is known about the clonal evolution of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), although these strains account for the majority of S. aureus infections. To better understand how MSSA spreads and becomes established in communities, we applied comparative bacterial whole-genome sequencing to pandemic ST398-MSSA, a clone of clinical importance affecting humans and livestock in different geographic regions. Phylogeographic analyses identified that ST398-MSSA spread along local cultural and migratory links between parts of the Caribbean, North America, and France, respectively. We observed high within-host SNP variability compared to our previous studies on the dominant MRSA clone USA300. Our data indicate that the dynamics of colonization, persistence, and transmission differ substantially between USA300 MRSA and ST398 MSSA.
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Ning Y, Gao Q, Zhang X, Wei K, Chen L. A Graphene Oxide-Based Sensing Platform for the Determination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Based on Strand-Displacement Polymerization Recycling and Synchronous Fluorescent Signal Amplification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:851-7. [PMID: 27286718 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116653564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To develop new technology for detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a novel fluorescent biosensor based on Klenow fragment (KF)-assisted target recycling amplification and synchronous fluorescence analysis was created. Carboxy-fluorescein (FAM)-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) containing a capture probe and a signal probe was adsorbed onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via π-stacking interactions, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of the dye. When target and primer were introduced, the fluorescence was restored due to P0 being completely released from the surface of the GO. Meanwhile, by using the KF and exploiting the synergistic effect of FAM and the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-SYBR Green I duplex structure, the fluorescence in this detection system was considerably amplified and the sensitivity was improved. The proposed strategy for mecA gene analysis showed a good linear range from 1 to 40 nmol/L, with a lower limit of detection of 0.5 nmol/L. In addition, a bacterial sample harboring the mecA gene was also detected, and its lower detection limit was up to 300 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Accordingly, this biosensor exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity and has great potential for early clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ning
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Inorganic Physical Chemistry, The Pharmacy School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among inpatients and outpatients in a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:89-93. [PMID: 27265678 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of a variety of infections ranging from wound infections to urinary tract infections (UTI) in hospital and community. In this study during 3 years we characterized the antibiotic resistance patterns of 491 hospital acquired MRSA and community associated MRSA strains by the guidelines of clinical and laboratory standard institute. A combination of high resolution PhP typing method and SCCmec typing were used for clonal dissemination of isolates. Among all 491 MRSA strains, diverse PhP types consisting of 29 common types (CTs) and 4 single types (STs) and also 2 different SCCmec types (III and IVa) were detected. In addition, 18 CTs were common among CA- and HA-MRSA strains and the presence of all 4 STs was limited to HA-MRSA strains. All isolates were resistant to penicillin and high level resistance was observed against ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tobramycin and kanamycin and the rate of resistance to most of the antibiotic tested among HA-MRSA was significantly higher than CA-MRSA isolates. Moreover, all isolates showed susceptibility to linezolid, vancomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin and very low resistance to fusidic acid, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol were detected. Our findings illustrated the increasing rate of clonal dissemination and persistence of highly antibiotic resistant CA-MRSA strains in Tehran hospitals, and also indicated the important role of the hospitals as the reservoir of MRSA strains.
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Bi CL, Wang H, Wang YJ, Sun J, Dong JS, Meng X, Li JJ. Selenium inhibits Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Monaco M, Pimentel de Araujo F, Cruciani M, Coccia EM, Pantosti A. Worldwide Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 409:21-56. [PMID: 27025380 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, responsible for infections in the community and the healthcare setting. Although much of the attention is focused on the methicillin-resistant "variant" MRSA, the methicillin-susceptible counterpart (MSSA) remains a prime species in infections. The epidemiology of S. aureus, especially of MRSA, showed a rapid evolution in the last years. After representing a typical nosocomial multidrug-resistant pathogen, MRSA has recently emerged in the community and among farmed animals thanks to its ability to evolve and adapt to different settings. Global surveillance has shown that MRSA represents a problem in all continents and countries where studies have been carried out, determining an increase in mortality and the need to use last-resource expensive antibiotics. S. aureus can easily acquire resistance to antibiotics and MRSA is characteristically multidrug resistant. Resistance to vancomycin, the principal anti-MRSA antibiotic is rare, although isolates with decreased susceptibility are recovered in many areas. Resistance to the more recently introduced antibiotics, linezolid and daptomycin, has emerged; however, they remain substantially active against the large majority of MSSA and MRSA. Newer antistaphylococcal drugs have been developed, but since their clinical use has been very limited so far, little is known about the emergence of resistance. Molecular typing techniques have allowed to identify the major successful clones and lineages of MSSA and MRSA, including high-risk clones, and to trace their diffusion. In the face of a continuously evolving scenario, this review depicts the most common clones circulating in different geographical areas and in different settings at present. Since the evolution of S. aureus will continue, it is important to maintain the attention on the epidemiology of S. aureus in the future with a global view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Monaco
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernanda Pimentel de Araujo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Cruciani
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana M Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Latin American Variant in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and HIV Infected in a Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140748. [PMID: 26474075 PMCID: PMC4608721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization and examine the molecular characteristics of colonizing isolates in patients receiving hemodialysis and HIV-infected in a Colombian hospital. Patients on hemodialysis and HIV-infected were prospectively followed between July 2011 and June 2012 in Bogota, Colombia. Nasal and axillary swabs were obtained and cultured. Colonizing S. aureus isolates were identified by standard and molecular techniques. Molecular typing was performed by using pulse-field gel electrophoresis and evaluating the presence of lukF-PV/lukS-PV by PCR. A total of 29% (n = 82) of HIV-infected and 45.5% (n = 15) of patients on hemodialysis exhibited S. aureus colonization. MSSA/MRSA colonization was observed in 28% and 3.6% of the HIV patients, respectively and in 42.4% and 13.3% of the hemodialysis patients, respectively. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing showed that four MRSA isolates harbored the type IV cassette, and one type I. In the hemodialysis group, two MRSA isolates were classified as belonging to the USA300-LV genetic lineage. Conversely, in the HIV infected group, no colonizing isolates belonging to the USA300-Latin American Variant (UDA300-LV) lineage were identified. Colonizing isolates recovered from the HIV-infected group belonged to the prevalent hospital-associated clones circulating in Latin America (Chilean [n = 1] and Pediatric [n = 2]). The prevalence of MRSA colonization in the study groups was 3.6% (HIV) and 13.3% (hemodialysis). Surveillance programs should be implemented in this group of patients in order to understand the dynamics of colonization and infection in high-risk patients.
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Cázares-Domínguez V, Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A, Rodea GE, Escalona G, Olivares AL, Olivares-Trejo JDJ, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Vancomycin modifies the expression of the agr system in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:369. [PMID: 25999924 PMCID: PMC4419724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes human hosts and causes a wide variety of diseases. Two interacting regulatory systems called agr (accessory gene regulator) and sar (staphylococcal accessory regulator) are involved in the regulation of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vancomycin on hld and spa gene expression during the exponential and post-exponential growth phases in multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the standard microdilution method. The phylogenetic profile was obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Polymorphisms of agr and SCCmec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec) were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression levels of hld and spa were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect protein A, and biofilm formation was analyzed via crystal violet staining. Results: In total, 60.60% (20/33) of S. aureus clinical isolates were MDR. Half (10/20) of the MDR S. aureus isolates were distributed in subcluster 10, with >90% similarity among them. In the isolates of this subcluster, a high prevalence (100%) for the agrII and the cassette SCCmec II polymorphisms was found. Our data showed significant increases in hld expression during the post-exponential phase in the presence and absence of vancomycin. Significant increases in spa expression, protein A production and biofilm formation were observed during the post-exponential phase when the MDR S. aureus isolates were challenged with vancomycin. Conclusion: The polymorphism agrII, which is associated with nosocomial isolates, was the most prevalent polymorphism in MDR S. aureus. Additionally, under our study conditions, vancomycin modified hld and spa expression in these clinical isolates. Therefore, vancomycin may regulate alternative systems that jointly participate in the regulation of these virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Gerardo E Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Escalona
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Alma L Olivares
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
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Glycopeptide antibiotics: Back to the future. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:631-44. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates obtained from the Rikers Island Jail System from 2009 to 2013. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3091-4. [PMID: 24899033 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01129-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inmates of Rikers Island jail potentially introduce Staphylococcus aureus into New York State prisons upon transfer. In this study, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 452), collected from infected inmates (2009 to 2013), were characterized. spa type t008 was the predominant clone identified, accounting for 82.3% of the isolates, with no evidence of mupirocin or chlorhexidine resistance.
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Detection and measurement of staphylococcal enterotoxin-like K (SEl-K) secretion by Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2536-43. [PMID: 24808237 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00387-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin-like K (SEl-K) is a potent mitogen that elicits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production at very low concentrations. However, unlike the classical enterotoxins SEB and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), the gene for SEl-K is commonly present in more than half of all Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and is present in almost all USA300 community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates. Sequencing of the sel-k gene in over 20 clinical isolates and comparative analysis with all 14 published sel-k sequences indicate that there are at least 6 variants of the sel-k gene, including one that is conserved among all examined USA300 strains. Additionally, we have developed a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that specifically detects and measures SEl-K protein in culture supernatants and biological fluids. Quantification of in vitro SEl-K secretion by various S. aureus isolates using this novel capture ELISA revealed detectable amounts of SEl-K secretion by all isolates, with the highest secretion levels being exhibited by MRSA strains that coexpress SEB. In vivo secretion was measured in a murine thigh abscess model, where similar levels of SEl-K accumulation were noted regardless of whether the infecting strain exhibited high or low secretion of SEl-K in vitro. We conclude that SEl-K is commonly expressed in the setting of staphylococcal infection, in significant amounts. SEl-K should be further explored as a target for passive immunotherapy against complicated S. aureus infection.
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