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Arteaga-Resendiz NK, Rodea GE, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Olivares-Cervantes AL, Castelán-Vega JA, Olivares-Trejo JDJ, Mendoza-Elizalde S, López-Villegas EO, Colín C, Aguilar-Rodea P, Reyes-López A, Salazar García M, Velázquez-Guadarrama N. HP0953 - hypothetical virulence factor overexpresion and localization during Helicobacter pylori infection of gastric epithelium. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3886-3902. [PMID: 36157534 PMCID: PMC9367236 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i29.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence and persistence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, as well as the diversity of pathologies related to it, suggest that the virulence factors used by this microorganism are varied. Moreover, as its proteome contains 340 hypothetical proteins, it is important to investigate them to completely understand the mechanisms of its virulence and survival. We have previously reported that the hypothetical protein HP0953 is overexpressed during the first hours of adhesion to inert surfaces, under stress conditions, suggesting its role in the environmental survival of this bacterium and perhaps as a virulence factor.
AIM To investigate the expression and localization of HP0953 during adhesion to an inert surface and against gastric (AGS) cells.
METHODS Expression analysis was performed for HP0953 during H. pylori adhesion. HP0953 expression at 0, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h was evaluated and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test. Recombinant protein was produced and used to obtain polyclonal antibodies for immunolocalization. Immunogold technique was performed on bacterial sections during adherence to inert surfaces and AGS cells, which was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. HP0953 protein sequence was analyzed to predict the presence of a signal peptide and transmembrane helices, both provided by the ExPASy platform, and using the GLYCOPP platform for glycosylation sites. Different programs, via, I-TASSER, RaptorX, and HHalign-Kbest, were used to perform three-dimensional modeling.
RESULTS HP0953 exhibited its maximum expression at 12 h of infection in gastric epithelium cells. Immunogold technique revealed HP0953 localization in the cytoplasm and accumulation in some peripheral areas of the bacterial body, with greater expression when it is close to AGS cells. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of a signal peptide that interacts with the transmembrane region and then allows the release of the protein to the external environment. The programs also showed a similarity with the Tip-alpha protein of H. pylori. Tip-alpha is an exotoxin that penetrates cells and induces tumor necrosis factor alpha production, and HP0953 could have a similar function as posttranslational modification sites were found; modifications in turn require enzymes located in eukaryotic cells. Thus, to be functional, HP0953 may necessarily need to be translocated inside the cell where it can trigger different mechanisms producing cellular damage.
CONCLUSION The location of HP0953 around infected cells, the probable posttranslational modifications, and its similarity to an exotoxin suggest that this protein is a virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Arteaga-Resendiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Laboratorio de Producción y Control de Biológicos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Gerardo E Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Laboratorio de Producción y Control de Biológicos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Alma L Olivares-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Juan Arturo Castelán-Vega
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Laboratorio de Producción y Control de Biológicos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Olivares-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Adquisición de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad México, Posgrado Ciencias Genómica, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
| | - Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Edgar O López-Villegas
- Laboratorio Central de Microscopía, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Christian Colín
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Centro de estudios económicos y sociales en salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Marcela Salazar García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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2
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Aguilar-Rodea P, Zúñiga G, Cerritos R, Rodríguez-Espino BA, Gomez-Ramirez U, Nolasco-Romero CG, López-Marceliano B, Rodea GE, Mendoza-Elizalde S, Reyes-López A, Olivares Clavijo H, Vigueras Galindo JC, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Rosas-Pérez I. Nucleotide substitutions in the mexR, nalC and nalD regulator genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump are maintained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetic lineages. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266742. [PMID: 35536836 PMCID: PMC9089866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has different resistant mechanisms including the constitutive MexAB-OprM efflux pump. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mexR, nalC, and nalD repressors of this efflux pump can contribute to antimicrobial resistance; however, it is unknown whether these changes are mainly related to genetic lineages or environmental pressure. This study identifies SNPs in the mexR, nalC, and nalD genes in clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa (including high-risk clones). Ninety-one P. aeruginosa strains were classified according to their resistance to antibiotics, typified by multilocus sequencing, and mexR, nalC, and nalD genes sequenced for SNPs identification. The mexAB-oprM transcript expression was determined. The 96.7% of the strains were classified as multidrug resistant. Eight strains produced serine carbapenemases, and 11 strains metallo-β-lactamases. Twenty-three new STs and high-risk clones ST111 and ST233 were identified. SNPs in the mexR, nalC, and nalD genes revealed 27 different haplotypes (patterns). Sixty-two mutational changes were identified, 13 non-synonymous. Haplotype 1 was the most frequent (n = 40), and mainly identified in strains ST1725 (33/40), with 57.5% pan drug resistant strains, 36.5% extensive drug resistant and two strains exhibiting serin-carbapenemases. Haplotype 12 (n = 9) was identified in ST233 and phylogenetically related STs, with 100% of the strains exhibiting XDR and 90% producing metallo-β-lactamases. Haplotype 5 was highly associated with XDR and related to dead when compared to ST1725 and ST233 (RRR 23.34; p = 0.009 and RRR 32.01; p = 0.025). A significant relationship between the mexR-nalC-nalD haplotypes and phylogenetically related STs was observed, suggesting mutational changes in these repressors are highly maintained within genetic lineages. In addition, phylogenetically related STs showed similar resistant profiles; however, the resistance was (likely or partly) attributed to the MexAB-OprM efflux pump in 56% of the strains (only 45.05% showed mexA overtranscription), in the remaining strains the resistance could be attributed to carbapenemases or mechanisms including other pumps, since same SNPs in the repressor genes gave rise to different resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Aerobiología, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - René Cerritos
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas Población y Salud, Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Benjamín Antonio Rodríguez-Espino
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Uriel Gomez-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiologicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina G. Nolasco-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiologicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz López-Marceliano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo E. Rodea
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Juan Carlos Vigueras Galindo
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Área de Genética Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Irma Rosas-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Aerobiología, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Rodea GE, Montiel-Infante FX, Cruz-Córdova A, Saldaña-Ahuactzi Z, Ochoa SA, Espinosa-Mazariego K, Hernández-Castro R, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Tracking Bioluminescent ETEC during In vivo BALB/c Mouse Colonization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:187. [PMID: 28560186 PMCID: PMC5432549 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide. Adhesion to the human intestinal tract is crucial for colonization. ETEC adhesive structures have been extensively studied; however, colonization dynamics remain uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to track bioluminescent ETEC during in vivo infection. The promoter region of dnaK was fused with the luc gene, resulting in the pRMkluc vector. E. coli K-12 and ETEC FMU073332 strains were electroporated with pRMkluc. E. coli K-12 pRMkluc was bioluminescent; in contrast, the E. coli K-12 control strain did not emit bioluminescence. The highest light emission was measured at 1.9 OD600 (9 h) and quantified over time. The signal was detected starting at time 0 and up to 12 h. Streptomycin-treated BALB/c mice were orogastrically inoculated with either ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc or E. coli K-12 pRMkluc (control), and bacterial colonization was determined by measuring bacterial shedding in the feces. ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc shedding started and stopped after inoculation of the control strain, indicating that mouse intestinal colonization by ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc lasted longer than colonization by the control. The bioluminescence signal of ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc was captured starting at the time of inoculation until 12 h after inoculation. The bioluminescent signal emitted by ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc in the proximal mouse ileum was located, and the control signal was identified in the cecum. The detection of maximal light emission and bioluminescence duration allowed us to follow ETEC during in vivo infection. ETEC showed an enhanced colonization and tropism in the mouse intestine compared with those in the control strain. Here, we report the first study of ETEC colonization in the mouse intestine accompanied by in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo E Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco X Montiel-Infante
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Espinosa-Mazariego
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González"Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico
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4
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Saldaña-Ahuactzi Z, Rodea GE, Cruz-Córdova A, Rodríguez-Ramírez V, Espinosa-Mazariego K, González-Montalvo MA, Ochoa SA, González-Pedrajo B, Eslava-Campos CA, López-Villegas EO, Hernández-Castro R, Arellano-Galindo J, Patiño-López G, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Corrigendum: Effects of lng Mutations on LngA Expression, Processing, and CS21 Assembly in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli E9034A. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:26. [PMID: 28115921 PMCID: PMC5247707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 1201 in vol. 7, PMID: 27536289.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Fisiología Celular at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo E Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Fisiología Celular at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Espinosa-Mazariego
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martín A González-Montalvo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bertha González-Pedrajo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Eslava-Campos
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar O López-Villegas
- Laboratorio Central de Microscopía, Departamento de Investigación-SEPI, Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
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5
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Saldaña-Ahuactzi Z, Rodea GE, Cruz-Córdova A, Rodríguez-Ramírez V, Espinosa-Mazariego K, González-Montalvo MA, Ochoa SA, González-Pedrajo B, Eslava-Campos CA, López-Villegas EO, Hernández-Castro R, Arellano-Galindo J, Patiño-López G, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Effects of lng Mutations on LngA Expression, Processing, and CS21 Assembly in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli E9034A. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1201. [PMID: 27536289 PMCID: PMC4971541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of morbidity in children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries and a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea worldwide. The ability of ETEC to colonize the intestinal epithelium is mediated by fimbrial adhesins, such as CS21 (Longus). This adhesin is a type IVb pilus involved in adherence to intestinal cells in vitro and bacterial self-aggregation. Fourteen open reading frames have been proposed to be involved in CS21 assembly, hitherto only the lngA and lngB genes, coding for the major (LngA) and minor (LngB) structural subunit, have been characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of the LngA, LngB, LngC, LngD, LngH, and LngP proteins in the assembly of CS21 in ETEC strain E9034A. The deletion of the lngA, lngB, lngC, lngD, lngH, or lngP genes, abolished CS21 assembly in ETEC strain E9034A and the adherence to HT-29 cells was reduced 90%, compared to wild-type strain. Subcellular localization prediction of CS21 proteins was similar to other well-known type IV pili homologs. We showed that LngP is the prepilin peptidase of LngA, and that ETEC strain E9034A has another peptidase capable of processing LngA, although with less efficiency. Additionally, we present immuno-electron microscopy images to show that the LngB protein could be localized at the tip of CS21. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the LngA, LngB, LngC, LngD, LngH, and LngP proteins are essential for CS21 assembly, as well as for bacterial aggregation and adherence to HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Fisiología Celular at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo E Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Fisiología Celular at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Espinosa-Mazariego
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martín A González-Montalvo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bertha González-Pedrajo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Eslava-Campos
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar O López-Villegas
- Laboratorio Central de Microscopía, Departamento de Investigación-SEPI, Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González" Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
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6
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Cázares-Domínguez V, Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A, Rodea GE, Escalona G, Olivares AL, Olivares-Trejo JDJ, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Vancomycin modifies the expression of the agr system in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:369. [PMID: 25999924 PMCID: PMC4419724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes human hosts and causes a wide variety of diseases. Two interacting regulatory systems called agr (accessory gene regulator) and sar (staphylococcal accessory regulator) are involved in the regulation of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vancomycin on hld and spa gene expression during the exponential and post-exponential growth phases in multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the standard microdilution method. The phylogenetic profile was obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Polymorphisms of agr and SCCmec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec) were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression levels of hld and spa were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect protein A, and biofilm formation was analyzed via crystal violet staining. Results: In total, 60.60% (20/33) of S. aureus clinical isolates were MDR. Half (10/20) of the MDR S. aureus isolates were distributed in subcluster 10, with >90% similarity among them. In the isolates of this subcluster, a high prevalence (100%) for the agrII and the cassette SCCmec II polymorphisms was found. Our data showed significant increases in hld expression during the post-exponential phase in the presence and absence of vancomycin. Significant increases in spa expression, protein A production and biofilm formation were observed during the post-exponential phase when the MDR S. aureus isolates were challenged with vancomycin. Conclusion: The polymorphism agrII, which is associated with nosocomial isolates, was the most prevalent polymorphism in MDR S. aureus. Additionally, under our study conditions, vancomycin modified hld and spa expression in these clinical isolates. Therefore, vancomycin may regulate alternative systems that jointly participate in the regulation of these virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Gerardo E Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Escalona
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | - Alma L Olivares
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez México DF, Mexico
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7
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Cruz-Córdova A, Espinosa-Mazariego K, Ochoa SA, Saldaña Z, Rodea GE, Cázares-Domínguez V, Rodríguez-Ramírez V, Eslava-Campos CA, Navarro-Ocaña A, Arrellano-Galindo J, Hernández-Castro R, Gómez-Duarte OG, Qadri F, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. CS21 positive multidrug-resistant ETEC clinical isolates from children with diarrhea are associated with self-aggregation, and adherence. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:709. [PMID: 25646093 PMCID: PMC4297921 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonize the human intestinal mucosa using pili and non-pili colonization factors (CFs). CS21 (also designated Longus) is one of the most prevalent CFs encoded by a 14 kb lng DNA cluster located in a virulence plasmid of ETEC; yet limited information is available on the prevalence of CS21 positive ETEC isolates in different countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of CS21 among ETEC clinical isolates from Mexican and Bangladeshi children under 5 years old with diarrhea and to determine the phenotypic and genotypic features of these isolates. METHODS ETEC clinical isolates positive to lngA gene were characterized by genotype, multidrug-resistance, self-aggregation, biofilm formation, and adherence to HT-29 cell line. RESULTS A collection of 303 E. coli clinical isolates were analyzed, the 81.51% (247/303) were identified as ETEC, 30.76% (76/247) were st (+)/lt (+), and 25.10% (62/247) were positive for the lngA gene. Among the lngA (+) ETECs identified, 50% of isolates (31/62) were positive for LngA protein. The most frequent serotype was O128ac:H12 found in 19.35% (12/62) of lngA (+) ETEC studied. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) lngA (+) ETEC isolates was identified in 65% (39/60), self-aggregation in 48.38% (30/62), and biofilm formation in 83.87% (52/62). ETEC lngA (+) isolates were able to adhere to HT-29 cells at different levels. Two lngA isogenic mutants were constructed in the ETEC E9034A and ETEC73332 clinical isolate, showing a 77% and 98% reduction in adherence, respectively with respect to the wild type. CONCLUSION ETEC isolates that have the lngA gene showed features associated with self-aggregation, and adherence to HT-29 cells, important characteristics in the human gut colonization process and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Espinosa-Mazariego
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zeus Saldaña
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico ; Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo E Rodea
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico ; Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Eslava-Campos
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico ; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Navarro-Ocaña
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Arrellano-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar G Gómez-Duarte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A, Rodea GE, Cázares-Domínguez V, Escalona G, Arellano-Galindo J, Hernández-Castro R, Reyes-López A, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Phenotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from pediatric patients associated to biofilm formation. Microbiol Res 2014; 172:68-78. [PMID: 25530579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that has acquired several mechanisms of resistance to multiple groups of antibiotic agents and has been widely employed as a model organism for the study of biofilm formation. Many P. aeruginosa structures embedded in the extracellular matrix, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), flagella, and type-IV pili (T4P), have been associated with biofilm formation. In this study, we assess biofilm formation by crystal violet quantification in clinical strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolated from the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) associated to total and reducing EPS production (quantification by the anthrone and DNS method, respectively), twitching motility activity by T4P, and flagellar-mediated motility. RESULTS The determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) showed that >50% of P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to 12 different antibiotics (TIC, CAZ, CTX, CRO, FEP, AZT, GM, CIP, LEV, PZT, IMP, and MEM). Total and reducing EPS analysis of the 58 biofilm-forming MDR P. aeruginosa strains showed heterogeneous values ranging from OD600 9.06 to 212.33, displaying a linear correlation with the production of total EPS (59.66μg/ml to 6000.33μg/ml; R(2)=0.89), and a higher correlation with reducing EPS (88.33μg/ml to 1100.66μg/ml; R(2)=0.96). T4P twitching motility showed a moderated linear correlation (2.00mm to 28.33mm; R(2)=0.74). Even though it has been demonstrated that flagella contribute to the initial stages of biofilm formation, crystal violet analysis showed a moderate correlation (R(2)=0.49) with flagellar-mediated motility in MDR P. aeruginosa under the tested conditions. In addition, PFGE profiles revealed two subgroups generating profiles group A, consisting of 89.63% (52/58) of the strains, and group B, consisting of 13.09% (6/58) of the strains. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic analysis showed a correlation among the biofilms developed in the MDR P. aeruginosa strains with EPS (total and reducing) production, T4P-activity by twitching motility and flagellar-mediated motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - Gerardo E Rodea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Escalona
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectología. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Tlalpan, México, D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Dirección de Investigación. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Hemato-Onocología e Investigación. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F. 06720, Mexico.
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