Biomimetic affinity ligands for protein purification

Materials Functionalization with Multicomponent Reactions: State of the Art

The emergence of neoteric synthetic routes for materials functionalization is an interesting phenomenon in materials chemistry. In particular, the union of materials chemistry with multicomponent reactions (MCRs) opens a new avenue leading to the realm of highly innovative functionalized architectures with unique features. MCRs have recently been recognized as considerable part of the synthetic chemist's toolbox due to their great efficiency, inherent molecular diversity, atom and pot economy along with operational simplicity. Also, MCRs can improve E-factor and mass intensity as important green chemistry metrics. By rational tuning of the materials, as well as the MCRs, wide ranges of functionalized materials can be produced with tailorable properties that can play important roles in the plethora of applications. To date, there has not reported any exclusive review of a materials functionalization with MCRs. This critical review highlights the state-of-the-art on the one-pot functionalization of carbonaceous and siliceous materials, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, synthetic polymers, etc., via diverse kind of MCRs like Ugi, Passerini, Petasis, Khabachnik-Fields, Biginelli, and MALI reactions through covalent or noncovalent manners. Besides the complementary discussion of synthetic routes, superior properties and detailed applicability of each functionalized material in modern technologies are discussed. Our outlook also emphasizes future strategies for this unprecedented area and their use as materials for industrial implementation. With no doubt, MCRs-functionalization of materials bridges the gap between materials science domain and applied chemistry.

Structure-based design and application of a nucleotide coenzyme mimetic ligand: Application to the affinity purification of nucleotide dependent enzymes

In the present study, a structure-based approach was exploited for the in silico design of a nucleotide coenzyme mimetic ligand. The enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) was employed as a model in our study. The biomimetic ligand was designed and synthesized based on a tryptamine/3-aminopropylphosphonic acid bi-substituted 1,3,5-triazine (Trz) scaffold (Tra-Trz-3APP), which potentially mimics the interactions of NAD⁺-FDH complex. Molecular docking studies of the biomimetic ligand predicted that it can occupy the same binding site as the natural coenzyme. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations revealed that the ligand binds in an energetically more stable pose in the FDH binding site, as it adopts a more twisty conformation, compared to the natural coenzyme. Study of the FDH/Tra-Trz-3APP-Sepharose interaction, through adsorption equilibrium studies and site-directed mutagenesis of selected FDH coenzyme binding residues, provided additional experimental evidences of the specificity of the interaction. The Tra-Trz-3APP-Sepharose biomimetic adsorbent was further evaluated towards a range of different dehydrogenases and was exploited for the development of a single-step purification protocol for FDH. The protocol afforded enzyme with high yield and purity, suitable for analytical and industrial purposes.