1
|
Synthesis and Evaluation of Dye-Ligand Affinity Adsorbents for Protein Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33128752 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0775-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Dye-ligand affinity chromatography is a widely used technique in protein purification. The utility of the reactive dyes as affinity ligands results from their unique chemistry, which confers wide specificity toward a large number of proteins. They are commercially available, inexpensive, stable and can easily be immobilized. Significant factors that contribute to the successful operation of a dye-ligand chromatography include matrix type, dye-ligand density, adsorption along with elution conditions and flow rate. The present chapter provides protocols for the synthesis of dye-ligand affinity adsorbents as well as protocols for screening, selection, and optimization of a given dye-ligand purification step. The purification of the glutathione transferases from Phaseolus vulgaris on Cibacron Blue 3GA-Sepharose affinity adsorbent is given as an example.
Collapse
|
2
|
Popova TG, Teunis A, Magni R, Luchini A, Espina V, Liotta LA, Popov SG. Chemokine-Releasing Nanoparticles for Manipulation of Lymph Node Microenvironment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:298-320. [PMID: 25878893 PMCID: PMC4394634 DOI: 10.3390/nano5010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines (CKs) secreted by the host cells into surrounding tissue establish concentration gradients directing the migration of leukocytes. We propose an in vivo CK gradient remodeling approach based on sustained release of CKs by the crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel open meshwork nano-particles (NPs) containing internal crosslinked dye affinity baits for a reversible CK binding and release. The sustained release is based on a new principle of affinity off-rate tuning. The NPs with Cibacron Blue F3G-A and Reactive Blue-4 baits demonstrated a low-micromolar affinity binding to IL-8, MIP-2, and MCP-1 with a half-life of several hours at 37°C. The capacity of NPs loaded with IL-8 and MIP-1α to increase neutrophil recruitment to lymph nodes (LNs) was tested in mice after footpad injection. Fluorescently-labeled NPs used as tracers indicated the delivery into the sub-capsular compartment of draining LNs. The animals administered the CK-loaded NPs demonstrated a widening of the sub-capsular space and a strong lymph node influx of leukocytes, while mice injected with control NPs without CKs or bolus doses of soluble CKs alone showed only a marginal neutrophil response. This technology provides a new means therapeutically direct or restore immune cell traffic, and can also be employed for simultaneous therapy delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taissia G. Popova
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; E-Mails: (T.G.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (A.L.); (V.E.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Allison Teunis
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; E-Mails: (T.G.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (A.L.); (V.E.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; E-Mails: (T.G.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (A.L.); (V.E.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; E-Mails: (T.G.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (A.L.); (V.E.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; E-Mails: (T.G.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (A.L.); (V.E.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; E-Mails: (T.G.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (A.L.); (V.E.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Serguei G. Popov
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Romagnoli G, Verhoeven MD, Mans R, Fleury Rey Y, Bel-Rhlid R, van den Broek M, Seifar RM, Ten Pierick A, Thompson M, Müller V, Wahl SA, Pronk JT, Daran JM. An alternative, arginase-independent pathway for arginine metabolism in Kluyveromyces lactis involves guanidinobutyrase as a key enzyme. Mol Microbiol 2014; 93:369-89. [PMID: 24912400 PMCID: PMC4149782 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most available knowledge on fungal arginine metabolism is derived from studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which arginine catabolism is initiated by releasing urea via the arginase reaction. Orthologues of the S. cerevisiae genes encoding the first three enzymes in the arginase pathway were cloned from Kluyveromyces lactis and shown to functionally complement the corresponding deletion in S. cerevisiae. Surprisingly, deletion of the single K. lactis arginase gene KlCAR1 did not completely abolish growth on arginine as nitrogen source. Growth rate of the deletion mutant strongly increased during serial transfer in shake-flask cultures. A combination of RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis and (13)C-(15)N-based flux analysis was used to elucidate the arginase-independent pathway. Isotopic (13)C(15)N-enrichment in γ-aminobutyrate revealed succinate as the entry point in the TCA cycle of the alternative pathway. Transcript analysis combined with enzyme activity measurements indicated increased expression in the Klcar1Δ mutant of a guanidinobutyrase (EC.3.5.3.7), a key enzyme in a new pathway for arginine degradation. Expression of the K. lactis KLLA0F27995g (renamed KlGBU1) encoding guanidinobutyrase enabled S. cerevisiae to use guanidinobutyrate as sole nitrogen source and its deletion in K. lactis almost completely abolish growth on this nitrogen source. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this enzyme activity is widespread in fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Romagnoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands; Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, P.O. Box 4047, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|