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Li Z, Jin S, Lyu Y, Guo N, Li Q, Cai W, Du J, Qiu J, Xu T, Zhao K, Pang L. Inhibition of stem-like cells proliferation and programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression by blocking transforming growth factor-β1 signaling pathway in angiosarcoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:209. [PMID: 38787445 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Li
- Department of Pathology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, ZhanjiangGuangdong, 524000, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, ZhanjiangGuangdong, 524000, China
| | - Yanmin Lyu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University)/Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Na Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University)/Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Wenping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, ZhanjiangGuangdong, 524000, China
| | - Jin Du
- Department of Pathology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, ZhanjiangGuangdong, 524000, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University)/Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University)/Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, ZhanjiangGuangdong, 524000, China.
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2
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Bakaric A, Cironi L, Praz V, Sanalkumar R, Broye LC, Favre-Bulle K, Letovanec I, Digklia A, Renella R, Stamenkovic I, Ott CJ, Nakamura T, Antonescu CR, Rivera MN, Riggi N. CIC-DUX4 Chromatin Profiling Reveals New Epigenetic Dependencies and Actionable Therapeutic Targets in CIC-Rearranged Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:457. [PMID: 38275898 PMCID: PMC10814785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
CIC-DUX4-rearranged sarcoma (CDS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue tumor that occurs most frequently in young adults. The key oncogenic driver of this disease is the expression of the CIC-DUX4 fusion protein as a result of chromosomal rearrangements. CIC-DUX4 displays chromatin binding properties, and is therefore believed to function as an aberrant transcription factor. However, the chromatin remodeling events induced by CIC-DUX4 are not well understood, limiting our ability to identify new mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for these patients. Here, we generated a genome-wide profile of CIC-DUX4 DNA occupancy and associated chromatin states in human CDS cell models and primary tumors. Combining chromatin profiling, proximity ligation assays, as well as genetic and pharmacological perturbations, we show that CIC-DUX4 operates as a potent transcriptional activator at its binding sites. This property is in contrast with the repressive function of the wild-type CIC protein, and is mainly mediated through the direct interaction of CIC-DUX4 with the acetyltransferase p300. In keeping with this, we show p300 to be essential for CDS tumor cell proliferation; additionally, we find its pharmacological inhibition to significantly impact tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study elucidates the mechanisms underpinning CIC-DUX4-mediated transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bakaric
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Cironi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Praz
- Platform Genomics Technologies, Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajendran Sanalkumar
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics, Genentech. Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Liliane C. Broye
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
| | - Kerria Favre-Bulle
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
| | - Christopher J. Ott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (C.J.O.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Cristina R. Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Miguel N. Rivera
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (C.J.O.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (I.S.)
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics, Genentech. Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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3
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Chico MA, Mesas C, Doello K, Quiñonero F, Perazzoli G, Ortiz R, Prados J, Melguizo C. Cancer Stem Cells in Sarcomas: In Vitro Isolation and Role as Prognostic Markers: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092449. [PMID: 37173919 PMCID: PMC10177331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a diverse group of neoplasms with an incidence rate of 15% of childhood cancers. They exhibit a high tendency to develop early metastases and are often resistant to available treatments, resulting in poor prognosis and survival. In this context, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, making the search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of the disease crucial. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the expression of CSC biomarkers both after isolation from in vitro cell lines and from the complete cell population of patient tumor samples. A total of 228 publications from January 2011 to June 2021 was retrieved from different databases, of which 35 articles were included for analysis. The studies demonstrated significant heterogeneity in both the markers detected and the CSC isolation techniques used. ALDH was identified as a common marker in various types of sarcomas. In conclusion, the identification of CSC markers in sarcomas may facilitate the development of personalized medicine and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Chico
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Kevin Doello
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Quiñonero
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Granada, Spain
| | - Raul Ortiz
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolacion Melguizo
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Wang L, Pan S. The regulatory effects of p53 on the typical and atypical ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma: A systematic review. Front Genet 2023; 14:1154299. [PMID: 37065475 PMCID: PMC10090352 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1154299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Study background: As a rare condition, osteosarcoma affects approximately 3% of all cancer patients. Its exact pathogenesis remains largely unclear. The role of p53 in up- and down-regulating atypical and typical ferroptosis in osteosarcoma remains unclear. The primary objective of the present study is investigating the role of p53 in regulating typical and atypical ferroptosis in osteosarcoma.Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Studies (PICOS) protocol were used in the initial search. The literature search was performed in six electronic databases, including EMBASE, Cochrane library of trials, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus Review, using keywords connected by Boolean operators. We focused on studies that adequately defined patient profiles described by PICOS.Results and discussion: We found that p53 played fundamental up- and down-regulatory roles in typical and atypical ferroptosis, resulting in either advancement or suppression of tumorigenesis, respectively. Direct and indirect activation or inactivation of p53 downregulated its regulatory roles in ferroptosis in osteosarcoma. Enhanced tumorigenesis was attributed to the expression of genes associated with osteosarcoma development. Modulation of target genes and protein interactions, especially SLC7A11, resulted in enhanced tumorigenesis.Conclusion: Typical and atypical ferroptosis in osteosarcoma were regulatory functions of p53. The activation of MDM2 inactivated p53, leading to the downregulation of atypical ferroptosis, whereas activation of p53 upregulated typical ferroptosis. Further studies should be performed on the regulatory roles of p53 to unmask its possible clinical applications in the management of osteosarcoma.
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Horii S, Mori S, Ogata R, Nukaga S, Nishida R, Kishi S, Sasaki R, Ikemoto A, Owari T, Maesaka F, Honoki K, Miyake M, Tanaka Y, Fujimoto K, Fujiwara-Tani R, Kuniyasu H. 5-Aminolevrinic Acid Exhibits Dual Effects on Stemness in Human Sarcoma Cell Lines under Dark Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076189. [PMID: 37047157 PMCID: PMC10094087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is used for tumor-targeting phototherapy because it is converted to protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) upon excitation and induces phototoxicity. However, the effect of ALA on malignant cells under unexcited conditions is unclear. This information is essential when administering ALA systemically. We used sarcoma cell lines that usually arise deep in the body and are rarely exposed to light to examine the effects of ALA treatment under light (daylight lamp irradiation) and dark (dark room) conditions. ALA-treated human SW872 liposarcoma cells and human MG63 osteosarcoma cells cultured under light exhibited growth suppression and increased oxidative stress, while cells cultured in the dark showed no change. However, sphere-forming ability increased in the dark, and the expression of stem-cell-related genes was induced in dark, but not light, conditions. ALA administration increased heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in both cell types; when carbon monoxide (CO), a metabolite of HO-1, was administered to sarcoma cells via carbon-monoxide-releasing molecule 2 (CORM2), it enhanced sphere-forming ability. We also compared the concentration of biliverdin (BVD) (a co-product of HO-1 activity alongside CO) with sphere-forming ability when HO-1 activity was inhibited using ZnPPIX in the dark. Both cell types showed a peak in sphere-forming ability at 60–80 μM BVD. Furthermore, a cell death inhibitor assay revealed that the HO-1-induced suppression of sphere formation was rescued by apoptosis or ferroptosis inhibitors. These findings suggest that in the absence of excitation, ALA promotes HO-1 expression and enhances the stemness of sarcoma cells, although excessive HO-1 upregulation induces apoptosis and ferroptosis. Our data indicate that systemic ALA administration induces both enhanced stemness and cell death in malignant cells located in dark environments deep in the body and highlight the need to pay attention to drug delivery and ALA concentrations during phototherapy.
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Li H, Lin D, Wang X, Feng Z, Zhang J, Wang K. The development of a novel signature based on the m6A RNA methylation regulator-related ceRNA network to predict prognosis and therapy response in sarcomas. Front Genet 2022; 13:894080. [PMID: 36313417 PMCID: PMC9597465 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.894080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: N6 methyladenosine (m6A)-related noncoding RNAs (including lncRNAs and miRNAs) are closely related to the development of cancer. However, the gene signature and prognostic value of m6A regulators and m6A-associated RNAs in regulating sarcoma (SARC) development and progression remain largely unexplored. Therefore, further research is required. Methods: We obtained expression data for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and miRNAs of SARC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Correlation analysis and two target gene prediction databases (miRTarBase and LncBase v.2) were used to deduce m6A-related miRNAs and lncRNAs, and Cytoscape software was used to construct ceRNA-regulating networks. Based on univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses, an m6A-associated RNA risk signature (m6Ascore) model was established. Prognostic differences between subgroups were explored using Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis. Risk score-related biological phenotypes were analyzed in terms of functional enrichment, tumor immune signature, and tumor mutation signature. Finally, potential immunotherapy features and drug sensitivity predictions for this model were also discussed. Results: A total of 16 miRNAs, 104 lncRNAs, and 11 mRNAs were incorporated into the ceRNA network. The risk score was obtained based on RP11-283I3.6, hsa-miR-455-3p, and CBLL1. Patients were divided into two risk groups using the risk score, with patients in the low-risk group having longer overall survival (OS) than those in the high-risk group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that risk characteristic performed well in predicting the prognosis of patients with SARC. In addition, lower m6Ascore was also positively correlated with the abundance of immune cells such as monocytes and mast cells activated, and several immune checkpoint genes were highly expressed in the low-m6Ascore group. According to our analysis, lower m6Ascore may lead to better immunotherapy response and OS outcomes. The risk signature was significantly associated with the chemosensitivity of SARC. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to predict the OS in patients with SARC. The concordance index (C-index) for the nomogram was 0.744 (95% CI: 0.707–0.784). The decision curve analysis (DCA), calibration plot, and ROC curve all showed that this nomogram had good predictive performance. Conclusion: This m6Ascore risk model based on m6A RNA methylation regulator-related RNAs may be promising for clinical prediction of prognosis and might contain potential biomarkers for treatment response prediction for SARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huling Li
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- School of Continuing Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang,
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Karlina I, Schroeder BA, Kirgizov K, Romantsova O, Istranov AL, Nedorubov A, Timashev P, Ulasov I. Latest developments in the pathobiology of Ewing sarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2022; 35:100440. [PMID: 35855933 PMCID: PMC9287185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Karlina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Brett A. Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kirill Kirgizov
- Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Olga Romantsova
- Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Istranov
- Department of Oncology, radiation therapy and plastic surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Nedorubov
- Center for Preclinical Research, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding author at: Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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8
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Guo J, Tang H, Huang P, Guo J, Shi Y, Yuan C, Liang T, Tang K. Single-Cell Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity in Osteosarcoma Identifies a Highly Invasive Subcluster for Predicting Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:732862. [PMID: 35463309 PMCID: PMC9020875 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.732862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents, and metastasis is the key reason for treatment failure and poor prognosis. Once metastasis occurs, the 5-year survival rate is only approximately 20%, and assessing and predicting the risk of osteosarcoma metastasis are still difficult tasks. In this study, cellular communication between tumor cells and nontumor cells was identified through comprehensive analysis of osteosarcoma single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data, illustrating the complex regulatory network in the osteosarcoma microenvironment. In line with the heterogeneity of osteosarcoma, we found subpopulations of osteosarcoma cells that highly expressed COL6A1, COL6A3 and MIF and were closely associated with lung metastasis. Then, BCDEG, a reliable risk regression model that could accurately assess the metastasis risk and prognosis of patients, was established, providing a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The 970th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, China
| | - Youxing Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengsong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taotao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Guerrero-Pérez F, Vidal N, Sánchez-Fernández JJ, Vilarrasa N, Villabona C. Sarcomatous transformation of a silent corticotroph adenoma after radiotherapy. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:229-231. [PMID: 35353682 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guerrero-Pérez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Sánchez-Fernández
- Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Villabona
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Xu H, Hu J, Song Y, Chen H, Xu Y, Deng C, Wu H, Song G, Lu J, Tang Q, Xia L, Wang J, Zhu X. Retinoic Acid Metabolism-Related Enzyme Signature Identified Prognostic and Immune Characteristics in Sarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:780951. [PMID: 35186946 PMCID: PMC8852678 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.780951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a link between retinoic acid (RA) metabolism and sarcoma progression or immunity in laboratory studies. However, a comprehensive analysis of RA abnormality in the sarcoma population is still lacking. Herein, we systematically analyzed the molecular features of 19 retinoic acid metabolism-related enzymes and sarcoma patients’ clinical information based on TCGA/TARGET/GSE datasets. We identified two RA expression subtypes, which were related to distinct clinical survival outcomes and exhibited different biological features. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated a set of immune pathways were enriched in G1 while oncogenic pathways were enriched in G2. Immune cell infiltration analysis using the TIMER algorithm revealed more CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in G1 subgroups than in G2. Moreover, we generated a seven genes signature to predict the RA metabolism index based on the LASSO-penalized Cox regression model. Survival analysis demonstrated the significant prognostic differences between high- and low-risk groups among different bone and soft tissue datasets. A higher risk index was associated with less T cell CD8+ infiltration. The predictive ability of the RA risk score was validated in 71 bone or soft tissue sarcoma clinical samples. These results indicated that RA-based classification could distinguish sarcoma patients with different clinical outcomes and immune statuses, which may help to explore better treatment decision-making for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaiYuan Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - JinXin Hu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - YiJiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - HongMin Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - YanYang Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - ChuangZhong Deng
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - GuoHui Song
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - JinChang Lu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - QinLian Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - LiangPing Xia
- VIP Department, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: XiaoJun Zhu, ; LiangPing Xia, ; Jin Wang,
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: XiaoJun Zhu, ; LiangPing Xia, ; Jin Wang,
| | - XiaoJun Zhu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: XiaoJun Zhu, ; LiangPing Xia, ; Jin Wang,
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Noncanonical roles of p53 in cancer stemness and their implications in sarcomas. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:131-145. [PMID: 34742870 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the prominent tumor suppressor p53, well known for its canonical role as the "guardian of the genome", is found in almost half of human cancers. More recently, p53 has been suggested to be a crucial regulator of stemness, orchestrating the differentiation of embryonal and adult stem cells, suppressing reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells, or inhibiting cancer stemness (i.e., cancer stem cells, CSCs), which underlies the development of therapy-resistant tumors. This review addresses these noncanonical roles of p53 and their implications in sarcoma initiation and progression. Indeed, dysregulation of p53 family proteins is a common event in sarcomas and is associated with poor survival. Additionally, emerging studies have demonstrated that loss of wild-type p53 activity hinders the terminal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and leads to the development of aggressive sarcomas. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of aberrant p53 in sarcoma development and stemness and further describes therapeutic approaches to restore normal p53 activity as a promising anti-CSC strategy to treat refractory sarcomas.
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12
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Long X, Chen Y, Chen WX, Wu Y, Song J, Chen J, Zhang L. Primary spindle cell sarcoma of gallbladder: An unusual case report and a literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28549. [PMID: 35029216 PMCID: PMC8758010 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary spindle cell sarcoma of the gallbladder is a rare condition. PATIENT CONCERNS A 67-year-old woman was admitted to a local hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for the past 2 months. DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION Surgical resection was performed following the diagnosis of primary gallbladder sarcoma with local hepatic metastasis. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of primary spindle cell sarcoma and hepatic metastasis with simultaneous cholecystolithiasis. OUTCOMES Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was not performed because the patient refused treatment. Three months after the surgery, a relapsed lesion was diagnosed. The patient underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. CONCLUSIONS The disease should be differentially diagnosed from gallbladder carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with hepatic metastasis. An aggressive surgical approach should be based on a balance between the risk of surgery and the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Xun Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
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Pluripotency Stemness and Cancer: More Questions than Answers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:77-100. [PMID: 34725790 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells provided us with fascinating new knowledge in recent years. Mechanistic insight into intricate regulatory circuitry governing pluripotency stemness and disclosing parallels between pluripotency stemness and cancer instigated numerous studies focusing on roles of pluripotency transcription factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, Sall4 and Tfcp2L1, in cancer. Although generally well substantiated as tumour-promoting factors, oncogenic roles of pluripotency transcription factors and their clinical impacts are revealing themselves as increasingly complex. In certain tumours, both Oct4 and Sox2 behave as genuine oncogenes, and reporter genes driven by composite regulatory elements jointly recognized by both the factors can identify stem-like cells in a proportion of tumours. On the other hand, cancer stem cells seem to be biologically very heterogeneous both among different tumour types and among and even within individual tumours. Pluripotency transcription factors are certainly implicated in cancer stemness, but do not seem to encompass its entire spectrum. Certain cancer stem cells maintain their stemness by biological mechanisms completely different from pluripotency stemness, sometimes even by engaging signalling pathways that promote differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, while these signalling pathways may well be antithetical to stemness in pluripotent stem cells, they may cooperate with pluripotency factors in cancer stem cells - a paradigmatic example is provided by the MAPK-AP-1 pathway. Unexpectedly, forced expression of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer cells frequently results in loss of their tumour-initiating ability, their phenotypic reversion and partial epigenetic normalization. Besides the very different signalling contexts operating in pluripotent and cancer stem cells, respectively, the pronounced dose dependency of reprogramming pluripotency factors may also contribute to the frequent loss of tumorigenicity observed in induced pluripotent cancer cells. Finally, contradictory cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects of various signalling molecules operate during pluripotency (cancer) reprogramming. The effects of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer are thus best explained within the concept of cancer stem cell heterogeneity.
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Valle LF, Bernthal N, Eilber FC, Shabason JE, Bedi M, Kalbasi A. Evaluating Thresholds to Adopt Hypofractionated Preoperative Radiotherapy as Standard of Care in Sarcoma. Sarcoma 2021; 2021:3735874. [PMID: 34720663 PMCID: PMC8556117 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3735874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data supporting hypofractionated preoperative radiation therapy (RT) for patients with extremity and trunk soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are currently limited to phase II single-institution studies. We sought to understand the type and thresholds of clinical evidence required for experts to adopt hypofractionated RT as a standard-of-care option for patients with STS. METHODS An electronic survey was distributed to multidisciplinary sarcoma experts. The survey queried whether data from a theoretical, multi-institutional, phase II study of 5-fraction preoperative RT could change practice. Using endpoints from RTOG 0630 as a reference, the survey also queried thresholds for acceptable local control, wound complication, and late toxicity for the study protocol to be accepted as a standard-of-care option. Responses were logged from 8/27/2020 to 9/8/2020 and summarized graphically. RESULTS The survey response rate was 55.3% (47/85). Local control is the most important clinical outcome for sarcoma specialists when evaluating whether an RT regimen should be considered standard of care. 17% (8/47) of providers require randomized phase III evidence to consider hypofractionated preoperative RT as a standard-of-care option, whereas 10.6% (5/47) of providers already view this as a standard-of-care option. Of providers willing to change practice based on phase II data, most (78%, 29/37) would accept local control rates equivalent to or less than those in RTOG 0630, as long as the rate was higher than 85%. However, 51.3% (19/37) would require wound complication rates superior to those reported in RTOG 0630, and 46% (17/37) of respondents would accept late toxicity rates inferior to RTOG 0630. CONCLUSION Consensus building is needed among clinicians regarding the type and threshold of evidence needed to evaluate hypofractionated RT as a standard-of-care option. A collaborative consortium-based approach may be the most pragmatic means for developing consensus protocols and pooling data to gradually introduce hypofractionated preoperative RT into routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca F. Valle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Bernthal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Departments of Surgery, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob E. Shabason
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meena Bedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anusha Kalbasi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Serra M, Hattinger CM, Pasello M, Casotti C, Fantoni L, Riganti C, Manara MC. Impact of ABC Transporters in Osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma: Which Are Involved in Chemoresistance and Which Are Not? Cells 2021; 10:cells10092461. [PMID: 34572110 PMCID: PMC8467338 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily consists of several proteins with a wide repertoire of functions. Under physiological conditions, ABC transporters are involved in cellular trafficking of hormones, lipids, ions, xenobiotics, and several other molecules, including a broad spectrum of chemical substrates and chemotherapeutic drugs. In cancers, ABC transporters have been intensely studied over the past decades, mostly for their involvement in the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. This review provides an overview of ABC transporters, both related and unrelated to MDR, which have been studied in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Since different backbone drugs used in first-line or rescue chemotherapy for these two rare bone sarcomas are substrates of ABC transporters, this review particularly focused on studies that have provided findings that have been either translated to clinical practice or have indicated new candidate therapeutic targets; however, findings obtained from ABC transporters that were not directly involved in drug resistance were also discussed, in order to provide a more complete overview of the biological impacts of these molecules in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Finally, therapeutic strategies and agents aimed to circumvent ABC-mediated chemoresistance were discussed to provide future perspectives about possible treatment improvements of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.H.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (L.F.); (M.C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366762
| | - Claudia Maria Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.H.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (L.F.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.H.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (L.F.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Chiara Casotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.H.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (L.F.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Leonardo Fantoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.H.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (L.F.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.H.); (M.P.); (C.C.); (L.F.); (M.C.M.)
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Estupiñán Ó, Niza E, Bravo I, Rey V, Tornín J, Gallego B, Clemente-Casares P, Moris F, Ocaña A, Blanco-Lorenzo V, Rodríguez-Santamaría M, Vallina-Álvarez A, González MV, Rodríguez A, Hermida-Merino D, Alonso-Moreno C, Rodríguez R. Mithramycin delivery systems to develop effective therapies in sarcomas. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:267. [PMID: 34488783 PMCID: PMC8419920 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas comprise a group of aggressive malignancies with very little treatment options beyond standard chemotherapy. Reposition of approved drugs represents an attractive approach to identify effective therapeutic compounds. One example is mithramycin (MTM), a natural antibiotic which has demonstrated a strong antitumour activity in several tumour types, including sarcomas. However, its widespread use in the clinic was limited by its poor toxicity profile. RESULTS In order to improve the therapeutic index of MTM, we have loaded MTM into newly developed nanocarrier formulations. First, polylactide (PLA) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were generated by nanoprecipitation. Also, liposomes (LIP) were prepared by ethanol injection and evaporation solvent method. Finally, MTM-loaded hydrogels (HG) were obtained by passive loading using a urea derivative non-peptidic hydrogelator. MTM-loaded NPs and LIP display optimal hydrodynamic radii between 80 and 105 nm with a very low polydispersity index (PdI) and encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 92 and 30%, respectively. All formulations show a high stability and different release rates ranging from a fast release in HG (100% after 30 min) to more sustained release from NPs (100% after 24 h) and LIP (40% after 48 h). In vitro assays confirmed that all assayed MTM formulations retain the cytotoxic, anti-invasive and anti-stemness potential of free MTM in models of myxoid liposarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. In addition, whole genome transcriptomic analysis evidenced the ability of MTM, both free and encapsulated, to act as a multi-repressor of several tumour-promoting pathways at once. Importantly, the treatment of mice bearing sarcoma xenografts showed that encapsulated MTM exhibited enhanced therapeutic effects and was better tolerated than free MTM. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these novel formulations may represent an efficient and safer MTM-delivering alternative for sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Estupiñán
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Niza
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008, Albacete, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008, Albacete, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Verónica Rey
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornín
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Materials Science and Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Escola d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), 08019, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Gallego
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Clemente-Casares
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain.,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), UCLM, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ocaña
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Blanco-Lorenzo
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Santamaría
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aitana Vallina-Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Victoria González
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008, Albacete, Spain. .,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - René Rodríguez
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain. .,CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Antibody Conjugates for Sarcoma Therapy: How Far along Are We? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080978. [PMID: 34440182 PMCID: PMC8392509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are one of the most difficult type of cancer to manage and treat because of their extremely heterogeneous molecular and morphological features. Despite the progress made over the years in the establishment of standard protocols for high and low grading/staging sarcoma patients, mostly with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, 50% of treated patients experience relapse episodes. Because of this, in the last 20 years, new therapeutic approaches for sarcoma treatment have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among them, antibody-based therapies have been the most studied. Immunoconjugates consist of a carrier portion, frequently represented by an antibody, linked to a toxic moiety, i.e., a drug, toxin, or radionuclide. While the efficacy of immunoconjugates is well demonstrated in the therapy of hematological tumors and more recently also of epithelial ones, their potential as therapeutic agents against sarcomas is still not completely explored. In this paper, we summarize the results obtained with immunoconjugates targeting sarcoma surface antigens, considering both preclinical and clinical studies. To date, the encouraging results obtained in preclinical studies allowed nine immunoconjugates to enter clinical trials, demonstrating the validity of immunotherapy as a promising pharmacological tool also for sarcoma therapy.
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18
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Jimenez-García MP, Lucena-Cacace A, Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Empty spiracles homeobox genes EMX1 and EMX2 regulate WNT pathway activation in sarcomagenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:247. [PMID: 34364391 PMCID: PMC8348834 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcomas are a very heterogeneous group of tumors with intrinsic developmental programs derived from the cell of origin. This implies a functional hierarchy inside tumors governed by sarcoma stem cells. Therefore, genetic and/or epigenetic changes profoundly affect the biology of sarcoma tumor stem cells. EMX genes are proposed to be transcription factors that are involved in the sarcomagenesis process, regardless of the neural or mesodermal embryological sarcoma origin. It has been shown that EMX1 or EMX2 overexpression reduces tumorigenic properties, while reducing the levels of these genes enhances these properties. Furthermore, it has been shown that EMX genes decrease the expression of stem cell regulatory genes and the stem cell phenotype. Taken together, these results indicate that the EMX1 and EMX2 genes negatively regulate these tumor-remodeling populations or sarcoma stem cells, acting as tumor suppressors in sarcoma. Methods Bioinformatic analysis, quantitative mRNA and protein expression analysis, cell models of sarcoma by ectopic expression of EMX genes. By cell biology methods we measured tumorigenesis and populations enriched on stem cell phenotypes, either in vitro or in vivo. Results In this work, we showed that the canonical Wnt pathway is one of the mechanisms that explains the relationships of EMX1/EMX2 and stem cell genes in sarcoma. The Wnt-EMX1/EMX2 relationship was validated in silico with sarcoma patient datasets, in vitro in primary derived sarcoma cell lines, and in vivo. EMX expression was found to negatively regulate the Wnt pathway. In addition, the constitutive activation of the Wnt pathway revers to a more aggressive phenotype with stem cell properties, and stemness gene transcription increased even in the presence of EMX1 and/or EMX2 overexpression, establishing the relationship among the Wnt pathway, stem cell genes and the EMX transcription factors. Conclusions Our data showed that Empty Spiracles Homeobox Genes EMX1 and EMX2 represses WNT signalling and activation of WNT pathway bypass EMX-dependent stemness repression and induces sarcomagenesis. These results also suggest the relevance of the Wnt/b-catenin/stemness axis as a therapeutic target in sarcoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02048-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pedro Jimenez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Present address: Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniel Otero-Albiol
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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19
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Miallot R, Galland F, Millet V, Blay JY, Naquet P. Metabolic landscapes in sarcomas. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 34294128 PMCID: PMC8296645 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring offers novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Until recently, there was scant information regarding soft tissue sarcomas, due to their heterogeneous tissue origin, histological definition and underlying genetic history. Novel large-scale genomic and metabolomics approaches are now helping stratify their physiopathology. In this review, we show how various genetic alterations skew activation pathways and orient metabolic rewiring in sarcomas. We provide an update on the contribution of newly described mechanisms of metabolic regulation. We underscore mechanisms that are relevant to sarcomagenesis or shared with other cancers. We then discuss how diverse metabolic landscapes condition the tumor microenvironment, anti-sarcoma immune responses and prognosis. Finally, we review current attempts to control sarcoma growth using metabolite-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 1, Lyon Recherche Innovation contre le Cancer, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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Bou Zerdan M, Bidikian AH, Alameh I, Nakib CE, Assi HI. Olaratumab's failure in soft tissue sarcoma. Rare Tumors 2021; 13:20363613211034115. [PMID: 34349891 PMCID: PMC8293854 DOI: 10.1177/20363613211034115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas remain one of the rarest malignancies with numerous subtypes that go undiagnosed. The PDGFRα antagonist Olaratumab (Lartruvo) was withdrawn from the market due to disappointing findings in the phase III studies. We share our experience with this medication in a tertiary care center in the Middle East and North Africa region. Monitor the effect of Olaratumab on sarcomas when it was used prior to its withdrawal, and compare our findings with the literature. We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients with advanced-/metastatic soft tissue sarcomas treated with at least two cycles of Olaratumab at a tertiary care center in Lebanon during the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Fifteen patients were included in the study. The mean age was 49 with a range of 26–75 years. The median duration of the use of Olaratumab was 21.3 months with a range of 7.3–37 months. The average number of number of cycles received per patient was four. Five patients were deceased. Median PFS was 7.87 months (95% CI 5.28–10.45), and mean OS was 12.26 months (95% CI 8.47–16.05) Median OS was 9.8 months (95% CI 6.07–13.53). Olaratumab has been withdrawn from the market, and it is currently being investigated as part of the phase II ANNOUNCE 2 trial. Our experience from a tertiary care center shows results similar to those reported in the literature. The immunogenicity and heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas pose a challenge to the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas, but they also allow a wide array of possible management solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aram H Bidikian
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Alameh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Clara El Nakib
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I Assi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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Menéndez ST, Gallego B, Murillo D, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez R. Cancer Stem Cells as a Source of Drug Resistance in Bone Sarcomas. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122621. [PMID: 34198693 PMCID: PMC8232081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are commonly characterized by a high degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity, which in part is due to the presence of subpopulations of tumor cells presenting stem cell properties. Similar to normal stem cells, these cancer stem cells (CSCs) display a drug resistant phenotype and therefore are responsible for relapses and tumor dissemination. Drug resistance in bone sarcomas could be enhanced/modulated during tumor evolution though the acquisition of (epi)-genetic alterations and the adaptation to changing microenvironments, including drug treatments. Here we summarize findings supporting the involvement of pro-stemness signaling in the development of drug resistance in bone sarcomas. This include the activation of well-known pro-stemness pathways (Wnt/β-Cat, NOTCH or JAT/STAT pathways), changes in the metabolic and autophagic activities, the alteration of epigenetic pathways, the upregulation of specific non-coding RNAs and the crosstalk with different microenvironmental factors. This altered signaling is expected to be translated to the clinic in the form of biomarkers of response and new therapies able to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía T. Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Borja Gallego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Dzohara Murillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - René Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
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22
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Li Z, Gu X, Rao D, Lu M, Wen J, Chen X, Wang H, Cui X, Tang W, Xu S, Wang P, Yu L, Ge X. Luteolin promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by inhibiting CD47 pyroglutamation. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101129. [PMID: 34051623 PMCID: PMC8176368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interception of CD47-SIRPα signaling is an elusive yet intriguing goal for anti-tumor immunotherapy since unbiased CD47 blockade by its antibody cannot avoid erythrocyte destruction. We previously reported that isoQC, a Golgi-resident enzyme lacking in mature erythrocyte, disrupts the binding of CD47 to SIRPα by downregulating pGlu-CD47 and its interaction with SIRPα (Cell research 2019. 29:502–505). In this study, we explored the possibility of utilizing isoQC inhibition to address the challenge of CD47 antibody treatment induced anemia. We discovered a new lead compound of isoQC inhibitor, Luteolin, and revealed that posttranslational modification may work as an immunotherapeutic target by abolishing immune checkpoint signaling.
‘Don't eat me’ signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPα protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPα axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Therefore, we screened for potential isoQC inhibitors by fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay and identified luteolin as a potent compound that blocked the pyroglutamation of CD47 by isoQC. We further demonstrated that luteolin directly bound to isoQC using pull-down assay and isothermal calorimetric (ITC) assay. In consistency, we showed that luteolin markedly abrogated the cell-surface interaction between CD47 and SIRPα in multiple myeloma H929 cells and consequently promoted the macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. Collectively, our study discovered a promising lead compound targeting isoQC, luteolin, which functions distinctly from current CD47 antibody-based drugs and therefore may potentially overcome the clinical side effects associated with CD47 antibody treatment-induced anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemei Gu
- Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Danni Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xianghuan Cui
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenwen Tang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Lei Yu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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Kripnerová M, Parmar HS, Šána J, Kopková A, Radová L, Sopper S, Biernacki K, Jedlička J, Kohoutová M, Kuncová J, Peychl J, Rudolf E, Červinka M, Houdek Z, Dvořák P, Houfková K, Pešta M, Tůma Z, Dolejšová M, Tichánek F, Babuška V, Leba M, Slabý O, Hatina J. Complex Interplay of Genes Underlies Invasiveness in Fibrosarcoma Progression Model. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112297. [PMID: 34070472 PMCID: PMC8197499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumours, with a great variability in their clinical behaviour. While our knowledge of sarcoma initiation has advanced rapidly in recent years, relatively little is known about mechanisms of sarcoma progression. JUN-murine fibrosarcoma progression series consists of four sarcoma cell lines, JUN-1, JUN-2, JUN-2fos-3, and JUN-3. JUN-1 and -2 were established from a single tumour initiated in a H2K/v-jun transgenic mouse, JUN-3 originates from a different tumour in the same animal, and JUN-2fos-3 results from a targeted in vitro transformation of the JUN-2 cell line. The JUN-1, -2, and -3 cell lines represent a linear progression from the least transformed JUN-2 to the most transformed JUN-3, with regard to all the transformation characteristics studied, while the JUN-2fos-3 cell line exhibits a unique transformation mode, with little deregulation of cell growth and proliferation, but pronounced motility and invasiveness. The invasive sarcoma sublines JUN-2fos-3 and JUN-3 show complex metabolic profiles, with activation of both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and a significant increase in spared respiratory capacity. The specific transcriptomic profile of invasive sublines features very complex biological relationships across the identified genes and proteins, with accentuated autocrine control of motility and angiogenesis. Pharmacologic inhibition of one of the autocrine motility factors identified, Ccl8, significantly diminished both motility and invasiveness of the highly transformed fibrosarcoma cell. This progression series could be greatly valuable for deciphering crucial aspects of sarcoma progression and defining new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kripnerová
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Hamendra Singh Parmar
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šána
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kopková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Biernacki
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jan Jedlička
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kohoutová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kuncová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Peychl
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Červinka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Houdek
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dvořák
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Houfková
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pešta
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tůma
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dolejšová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichánek
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Babuška
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 301 66 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Leba
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slabý
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hatina
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
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24
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Tzanakakis GN, Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Hida K, Neagu M, Tsatsakis AM, Nikitovic D. The Role of IGF/IGF-IR-Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Effectors in Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102478. [PMID: 34069554 PMCID: PMC8160938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone sarcomas are mesenchymal origin tumors. Bone sarcoma patients show a variable response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, improving efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Most clinical trials aiming at the IGF pathway have had limited success. Developing combinatorial strategies to enhance antitumor responses and better classify the patients that could best benefit from IGF-axis targeting therapies is in order. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects bone sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized. Abstract Bone sarcomas, mesenchymal origin tumors, represent a substantial group of varying neoplasms of a distinct entity. Bone sarcoma patients show a limited response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, developing efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Whereas failures have been registered in creating novel targeted therapeutics aiming at the IGF pathway, new agent development should continue, evaluating combinatorial strategies for enhancing antitumor responses and better classifying the patients that could best benefit from these therapies. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. This review highlights key studies focusing on IGF signaling in bone sarcomas, specifically studies underscoring novel properties that make this system an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships that may be exploited. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Guerrero-Pérez F, Vidal N, Sánchez-Fernández JJ, Vilarrasa N, Villabona C. Sarcomatous transformation of a silent corticotroph adenoma after radiotherapy. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 69:S2530-0164(21)00087-2. [PMID: 33875394 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guerrero-Pérez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Juan José Sánchez-Fernández
- Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagen. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Carles Villabona
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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26
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Feng X, Huang YL, Zhang Z, Wang N, Yao Q, Pang LJ, Li F, Qi Y. The role of SYT-SSX fusion gene in tumorigenesis of synovial sarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 222:153416. [PMID: 33848939 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive malignancy of an unknown tissue origin that is characterized by biphasic differentiation. A possible basis of the pathogenesis of SS is pathognomonic t(X;18) (p11.2; q11.2) translocation, leading to the formation and expression of the SYT-SSX fusion gene. More than a quarter of the patients die of SS metastasis within 5 years after the diagnosis, but the pathogenic factors are unknown. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and clinical treatment options for SS, especially molecular-targeted drug therapy. Recent studies have shown that the SYT-SSX fusion gene associated with SS may be regulated by different signaling pathways, microRNAs, and other molecules, which may produce stem cell characteristics or promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, resulting in SS invasion and metastasis. This review article aims to show the relationship between the SYT-SSX fusion gene and the related pathway molecules as well as other molecules involved from different perspectives, which may provide a deeper and clearer understanding of the SYT-SSX fusion gene function. Therefore, this review may provide a more innovative and broader perspective of the current research, treatment options, and prognosis assessment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ya-Lan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li-Juan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & the First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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27
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Skeletal Muscle Subpopulation Rearrangements upon Rhabdomyosarcoma Development through Single-Cell Mass Cytometry. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040823. [PMID: 33671425 PMCID: PMC7922544 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma commonly affecting the head and neck, the extremities and the genitourinary tract. To contribute to revealing the cell types that may originate this tumor, we exploited mass cytometry, a single-cell technique that, by using heavy-metal-tagged antibodies, allows the accurate monitoring of the changes occurring in the mononuclear cell composition of skeletal muscle tissue during tumor development. To this end, we compared cell populations of healthy muscles with those from spatiotemporal-induced eRMS tumors in a mouse model (LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tp53Fl/Fl) that can be used to develop rhabdomyosarcoma by means of infection with an adenovirus vector expressing Cre (Ad-Cre) recombinase. By monitoring different time points after tumor induction, we were able to analyze tumor progression and composition, identifying fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) as the cell type that, in this model system, had a pivotal role in tumor development. In vitro studies highlighted that both FAPs and satellite cells (SCs), upon infection with the Ad-Cre, acquired the potential to develop rhabdomyosarcomas when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. However, only infected FAPs had an antigen profile that was similar to embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Overall, our analysis supports the involvement of FAPs in eRMS development.
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28
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Guerrero-Pérez F, Vidal N, López-Vázquez M, Sánchez-Barrera R, Sánchez-Fernández JJ, Torres-Díaz A, Vilarrasa N, Villabona C. Sarcomas of the sellar region: a systematic review. Pituitary 2021; 24:117-129. [PMID: 32785833 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS Sarcomas of the sellar region are uncommon and unexpected tumors. Here, we review the cases reported in literature via a systematic search. RESULTS Ninety-four patients, 58.5% male with mean age of 39.2 ± 17.2 years were included. Fifty-seven (62%) had soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and 35 (38%) bone sarcomas (BS). Sarcoma was a primary tumor in 66%, developed after radiotherapy in 31.9% and 7.4% were metastatic. Median time between radiotherapy and sarcoma development was 10.5 (11) years. Main presentation symptoms were visual disorders (87.9%), headache (61.5%) and III cranial nerve palsy (24.1%). After surgery, sarcoma persisted or recurred in 82.3% and overall mortality reported was 44.6% with 6.5 (14) months of median survival. Tumor appeared earlier in BS compared to STS (34.4 ± 15.1 vs. 42.6 ± 17.6 years), p = 0.034 and complete tumor resection was achieved more often (41.3% vs. 4.4%), p = < 0.001. Condrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were more frequent subtypes among primary tumors while fibrosarcoma was among post-radiation sarcomas. Tumor size was larger in radiation associated sarcomas (mean maximum diameter 46.3 ± 9.3 vs. 29.1 ± 8.0 mm, p = 0.004) and persistency/recurrence was similar in both groups (70.1 vs. 73.3%, p = 0.259). CONCLUSION Sarcomas appear as mass effect symptoms in the middle aged population, mainly as primary tumors, but one third is associated with radiotherapy. Surgery is commonly not curative, mortality rate is high and death ensues shortly after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guerrero-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena López-Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reinaldo Sánchez-Barrera
- Department of Endocrinology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Sánchez-Fernández
- Institut de Diagnòstic Per La Imatge, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Torres-Díaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Villabona
- Department of Endocrinology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhu N, Hou J. Assessing immune infiltration and the tumor microenvironment for the diagnosis and prognosis of sarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:577. [PMID: 33292275 PMCID: PMC7709254 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas, cancers originating from mesenchymal cells, are comprehensive tumors with poor prognoses, yet their tumorigenic mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we characterize infiltrating immune cells and analyze immune scores to identify the molecular mechanism of immunologic response to sarcomas. METHOD The "CIBERSORT" algorithm was used to calculate the amount of L22 immune cell infiltration in sarcomas. Then, the "ESTIMATE" algorithm was used to assess the "Estimate," "Immune," and "Stromal" scores. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to identify the significant module related to the immune therapeutic target. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the "clusterProfiler" package in R for annotation and visualization. RESULTS Macrophages were the most common immune cells infiltrating sarcomas. The number of CD8 T cells was negatively associated with that of M0 and M2 macrophages, and positively associated with M macrophages in sarcomas samples. The clinical parameters (disease type, gender) significantly increased with higher Estimate, Immune, and Stromal scores, and with a better prognosis. The blue module was significantly associated with CD8 T cells. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the blue module was mainly involved in chemokine signaling and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CD48, P2RY10 and RASAL3 were identified and validated at the protein level. CONCLUSION Based on the immune cell infiltration and immune microenvironment, three key genes were identified, thus presenting novel molecular mechanisms of sarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqiang Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, China.
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Grünewald TGP, Alonso M, Avnet S, Banito A, Burdach S, Cidre‐Aranaz F, Di Pompo G, Distel M, Dorado‐Garcia H, Garcia‐Castro J, González‐González L, Grigoriadis AE, Kasan M, Koelsche C, Krumbholz M, Lecanda F, Lemma S, Longo DL, Madrigal‐Esquivel C, Morales‐Molina Á, Musa J, Ohmura S, Ory B, Pereira‐Silva M, Perut F, Rodriguez R, Seeling C, Al Shaaili N, Shaabani S, Shiavone K, Sinha S, Tomazou EM, Trautmann M, Vela M, Versleijen‐Jonkers YMH, Visgauss J, Zalacain M, Schober SJ, Lissat A, English WR, Baldini N, Heymann D. Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33047515 PMCID: PMC7645378 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas GP Grünewald
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marta Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors and BiomarkersFoundation for the Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra PamplonaPamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florencia Cidre‐Aranaz
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merve Kasan
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of OncologyAdhesion and Metastasis LaboratoryCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | | | | | - Julian Musa
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Miguel Pereira‐Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Nada Al Shaaili
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug DesignUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristina Shiavone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Snehadri Sinha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational PathologyGerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünster University HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Maria Vela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Marta Zalacain
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Andrej Lissat
- University Children′s Hospital Zurich – Eleonoren FoundationKanton ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Université de NantesInstitut de Cancérologie de l'OuestTumor Heterogeneity and Precision MedicineSaint‐HerblainFrance
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31
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Lin Z, Fan Z, Zhang X, Wan J, Liu T. Cellular plasticity and drug resistance in sarcoma. Life Sci 2020; 263:118589. [PMID: 33069737 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas, originating from mesenchymal progenitor stem cells, are a group of rare malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Wide surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the most common sarcoma treatments. However, sarcomas' response rates to chemotherapy are quite low and sarcoma cells can have intrinsic or acquired resistance after treatment with chemotherapeutics drugs, leading to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). Cancer cellular plasticity plays pivotal roles in cancer initiation, progression, therapy resistance and cancer relapse. Moreover, cancer cellular plasticity can be regulated by a multitude of factors, such as genetic and epigenetic alterations, tumor microenvironment (TME) or selective pressure imposed by treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that cellular plasticity is involved in sarcoma progression and chemoresistance. It's essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of cellular plasticity as well as its roles in sarcoma progression and drug resistance. Therefore, this review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms and pathological roles of these diverse cellular plasticity programs in sarcoma. Additionally, we propose cellular plasticity as novel therapeutic targets to reduce sarcoma drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Lin
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C. Weiss
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Cancer Stem Cells in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061449. [PMID: 32532153 PMCID: PMC7349510 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare group of mesenchymal solid tumors with heterogeneous genetic profiles and clinical features. Systemic chemotherapy is the backbone treatment for advanced STS; however, STS frequently acquire resistance to standard therapies, which highlights the need to improve treatments and identify novel therapeutic targets. Increases in the knowledge of the molecular pathways that drive sarcomas have brought to light different molecular alterations that cause tumor initiation and progression. These findings have triggered a breakthrough of targeted therapies that are being assessed in clinical trials. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) features and represent a subpopulation of tumor cells that play an important role in tumor progression, chemotherapy resistance, recurrence and metastasis. In fact, CSCs phenotypes have been identified in sarcomas, allied to drug resistance and tumorigenesis. Herein, we will review the published evidence of CSCs in STS, discussing the molecular characteristic of CSCs, the commonly used isolation techniques and the new possibilities of targeting CSCs as a way to improve STS treatment and consequently patient outcome.
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34
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Menendez ST, Rey V, Martinez-Cruzado L, Gonzalez MV, Morales-Molina A, Santos L, Blanco V, Alvarez C, Estupiñan O, Allonca E, Rodrigo JP, García-Castro J, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Rodriguez R. SOX2 Expression and Transcriptional Activity Identifies a Subpopulation of Cancer Stem Cells in Sarcoma with Prognostic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040964. [PMID: 32295077 PMCID: PMC7226033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stemness in sarcomas is coordinated by the expression of pluripotency factors, like SOX2, in cancer stem cells (CSC). The role of SOX2 in tumor initiation and progression has been well characterized in osteosarcoma. However, the pro-tumorigenic features of SOX2 have been scarcely investigated in other sarcoma subtypes. Here, we show that SOX2 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) cells to form tumorspheres and to initiate tumor growth. Conversely, SOX2 overexpression resulted in increased in vivo tumorigenicity. Moreover, using a reporter system (SORE6) which allows to monitor viable cells expressing SOX2 and/or OCT4, we found that SORE6+ cells were significantly more tumorigenic than the SORE6- subpopulation. In agreement with this findings, SOX2 expression in sarcoma patients was associated to tumor grade, differentiation, invasive potential and lower patient survival. Finally, we studied the effect of a panel of anti-tumor drugs on the SORE6+ cells of the UPS model and patient-derived chondrosarcoma lines. We found that the mithramycin analogue EC-8042 was the most efficient in reducing SORE6+ cells in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study demonstrates that SOX2 is a pro-tumorigenic factor with prognostic potential in sarcoma. Moreover, SORE6 transcriptional activity is a bona fide CSC marker in sarcoma and constitutes an excellent biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of anti-tumor treatments on CSC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia T. Menendez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Rey
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morales-Molina
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Verónica Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Oscar Estupiñan
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Maria Garcia-Pedrero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma is a tumor type featuring pronounced intertumoral heterogeneity and a high mutational and epigenetic load. The two major histopathological urothelial carcinoma types - the non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma - markedly differ in terms of their respective typical mutational profiles and also by their probable cells of origin, that is, a urothelial basal cell for muscle-invasive carcinomas and a urothelial intermediate cell for at least a large part of non-muscle-invasive carcinomas. Both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas can be further classified into discrete intrinsic subtypes based on their typical transcriptomic profiles. Urothelial carcinogenesis shows a number of parallels to a urothelial regenerative response. Both of these processes seem to be dominated by specific stem cell populations. In the last years, the nature and location of urothelial stem cell(s) have been subject to many controversies, which now seem to be settled down, favoring the existence of a largely single urothelial stem cell type located among basal cells. Basal cell markers have also been amply used to identify urothelial carcinoma stem cells, especially in muscle-invasive disease, but they proved useful even in some non-muscle-invasive tumors. Analyses on molecular nature of urothelial carcinoma stem cells performed till now point to their great heterogeneity, both during the tumor development and upon intertumoral comparison, sexual dimorphism providing a special example of the latter. Moreover, urothelial cancer stem cells are endowed with intrinsic plasticity, whereby they can modulate their stemness in relation to other tumor-related traits, especially motility and invasiveness. Such transitional modulations suggest underlying epigenetic mechanisms and, even within this context, inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity becomes apparent. Multiple molecular aspects of urothelial cancer stem cell biology markedly influence therapeutic response, implying their knowledge as a prerequisite to improved therapies of this disease. At the same time, the notion of urothelial cancer stem cell heterogeneity implies that this therapeutic benefit would be most probably and most efficiently achieved within the context of individualized antitumor therapy.
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