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Maldonado-Barrueco A, San José-Villar SM, García-Rodríguez J, Alguacil-Guillén M, López-Janeiro Á, Trigo-Esteban E, Díaz-Menéndez M, Ruiz-Carrascoso G. Answer to April 2024 Photo Quiz. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0125923. [PMID: 38597632 PMCID: PMC11005401 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01259-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Read the full article for the answer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Álvaro López-Janeiro
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Trigo-Esteban
- Imported Pathology and International Health Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz-Menéndez
- Imported Pathology and International Health Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ruiz-Carrascoso
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Mu X, Zhao M, Zhao J. Pancreatic Paragonimiasis in Children: A Case Report. Pancreas 2024; 53:e378-e379. [PMID: 38345919 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A few pediatric cases of abdominal paragonimiasis have been described. Here we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis with involvement of the pancreas in a 9-year-old boy. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological features of pancreatic paragonimiasis in children and raise the awareness of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Mu
- From the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- From the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital
| | - Junbo Zhao
- Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Devi KR, Deka A, Mukherjee D, Kaur H, Narain K. Immunoblotting Identification of Diagnostic Antigens of Paragonimus westermani Type 1 for the Detection of Human Pulmonary Paragonimiasis in North East India. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 9:6. [PMID: 38251203 PMCID: PMC10818403 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pulmonary paragonimiasis, an emerging concern in North East India, frequently masquerades as pulmonary tuberculosis due to clinical and radiological similarities, leading to diagnostic challenges. This research aimed to harness the immunoblotting technique to discern immunodiagnostic protein antigens from both adult worm and excretory-secretory (ES) extracts of the prevalent Paragonimus westermani type 1 in Arunachal Pradesh, North East India. We studied the time kinetics of immunoreactive patterns in relation to the duration of infection in rodent models. Immunoblot analyses were also conducted using sera from ELISA-positive patients confirmed with paragonimiasis, facilitating the selection of antigenic extracts with diagnostic potential. Further, ES protein antigens were subjected to 2D immunoblot analysis and immunoreactive protein spots identified using MALDI-TOF MS. The immunoreactivity patterns of ES antigens with sera of paragonimiasis-positive patients were detailed, and specific immunoreactive protein antigens were pinpointed using peptide mass fingerprinting (MALDI-TOF). This work underscores the enhanced diagnostic accuracy when combining ELISA with immunoblotting for pulmonary paragonimiasis in regions like North East India, marked by co-existing helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjam Rekha Devi
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India; (K.R.D.); (A.D.)
| | - Archana Deka
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India; (K.R.D.); (A.D.)
| | - Debdutta Mukherjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India; (K.R.D.); (A.D.)
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Kanwar Narain
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India; (K.R.D.); (A.D.)
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Pathak CR, Luitel H, Utaaker KS, Khanal P. One-health approach on the future application of snails: a focus on snail-transmitted parasitic diseases. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:28. [PMID: 38082123 PMCID: PMC10713800 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Snails are fascinating molluscs with unique morphological and physiological adaptive features to cope with various environments. They have traditionally been utilized as food and feed sources in many regions of the world. The future exploitation of alternative nutrient sources, like snails, is likely to increase further. Snails, however, also serve as an intermediate host for several zoonotic parasites. A category of parasitic infections, known as snail-transmitted parasitic diseases (STPDs), is harmful to humans and animals and is mainly driven by various trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. The environment plays a crucial role in transmitting these parasites, as suitable habitats and conditions can facilitate their growth and proliferation in snails. In light of diverse environmental settings and biologically categorized snail species, this review evaluates the dynamics of significant STPDs of zoological importance. Additionally, possible diagnostic approaches for the prevention of STPDs are highlighted. One-health measures must be considered when employing snails as an alternative food or feed source to ensure the safety of snail-based products and prevent any adverse effects on humans, animals, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet Raj Pathak
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal.
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway.
| | - Himal Luitel
- Center for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal
| | - Kjersti Selstad Utaaker
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway.
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Tunali V, Korkmaz M. Emerging and Re-Emerging Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in Europe. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:679-699. [PMID: 37987400 PMCID: PMC10660548 DOI: 10.3390/idr15060062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a rapidly evolving global landscape characterized by increased international travel, migration, and ecological shifts, this study sheds light on the emergence of protozoal and helminthic infections targeting the central nervous system (CNS) within Europe. Despite being traditionally associated with tropical regions, these infections are progressively becoming more prevalent in non-endemic areas. By scrutinizing the inherent risks, potential outcomes, and attendant challenges, this study underscores the intricate interplay between diagnostic limitations, susceptibility of specific population subsets, and the profound influence of climate fluctuations. The contemporary interconnectedness of societies serves as a conduit for introducing and establishing these infections, warranting comprehensive assessment. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of heightened clinician vigilance, judicious public health interventions, and synergistic research collaborations to mitigate the potential consequences of these infections. Though rare, their profound impact on morbidity and mortality underscores the collective urgency required to safeguard the neurological well-being of the European populace. Through this multifaceted approach, Europe can effectively navigate the complex terrain posed with these emergent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varol Tunali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45030 Manisa, Turkey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Eşrefpaşa Hospital, 35170 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Metin Korkmaz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
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Zhang Y, Xie Y, Luo Y, Xiang S, Zhong W, Wu N, Chen M, Zhou X, Peng S, Chen Q. Massive secretions in paragonimiasis pleural effusion: a new finding concerning clinical recognition and treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:493-501. [PMID: 36826718 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Some paragonimiasis patients in Chongqing, southwest China, have recently exhibited pleural effusions (PEs) with massive viscous secretions. This study aimed to investigate their clinical characteristics, thereby promoting effective treatments. A 3-year retrospective review of paragonimiasis patients who were admitted for nonhomogeneous PEs at Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital was conducted. Epidemiological data, symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Twenty-eight patients were identified, of which 22 (78.6%) were males and 22 (78.6%) were rural residents. Respiratory (85.7%) and constitutional (57.1%) symptoms were common. Paragonimus-specific ELISA was positive in all patients. Eosinophilia was detected in all patients in peripheral blood and PEs. Irregular hyperdense signals were observed in PEs by chest CT scans (96.4%) and ultrasonography (100.0%). Thoracic closed drainage failed in 10 patients (conservative group) because of tube blockage and was eventually replaced by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Eighteen patients (surgery group) initially underwent VATS, or thoracotomy surgery, without complications. Massive secretions, described as "bean-dregs" or "egg-floccule," were detected intraoperatively, which explained the imaging findings and tube blockage. All patients recovered well after 2-3 courses of postoperative praziquantel treatment. Viscous secretions in paragonimiasis patients warrant great concern. Irregular hyperdense signals in effusions are important characteristics in CT scans and ultrasonography. Treatments such as thoracic closed drainage may fail due to viscous secretions blocking the tube; therefore, surgeries should be considered. In-depth multidisciplinary research may help determine the optimal treatment strategy and reveal the origin of these secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Yarui Luo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Shuang Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Shulei Peng
- Department of Sleep Medicine Centre, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China.
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Le TH, Nguyen KT, Pham LTK, Doan HTT, Agatsuma T, Blair D. The complete mitogenome of the Asian lung fluke Paragonimus skrjabini miyazakii and its implications for the family Paragonimidae (Trematoda: Platyhelminthes). Parasitology 2022; 149:1709-1719. [PMID: 36101009 PMCID: PMC11010541 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complete circular mitogenome of Paragonimus skrjabini miyazakii (Platyhelminthes: Paragonimidae) from Japan, obtained by PacBio long-read sequencing, was 17 591 bp and contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 mitoribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes. The atp8 gene was absent, and there was a 40 bp overlap between nad4L and nad4. The long non-coding region (4.3 kb) included distinct types of long and short repeat units. The pattern of base usage for PCGs and the mtDNA coding region overall in Asian and American Paragonimus species (P. s. miyazakii, P. heterotremus, P. ohirai and P. kellicotti) and the Indian form of P. westermani was T > G > A > C. On the other hand, East-Asian P. westermani used T > G > C > A. Five Asian and American Paragonimus species and P. westermani had TTT/Phe, TTG/Leu and GTT/Val as the most frequently used codons, whereas the least-used codons were different in each species and between regional forms of P. westermani. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed from a concatenated alignment of amino acids of 12 PCGs from 36 strains/26 species/5 families of trematodes confirmed that the Paragonimidae is monophyletic, with 100% nodal support. Paragonimus skrjabini miyazakii was resolved as a sister to P. heterotremus. The P. westermani clade was clearly separate from remaining congeners. The latter clade was comprised of 2 subclades, one of the East-Asian and the other of the Indian Type 1 samples. Additional mitogenomes in the Paragonimidae are needed for genomic characterization and are useful for diagnostics, identification and genetic/ phylogenetic/ epidemiological/ evolutionary studies of the Paragonimidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue Thi Nguyen
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Khanh Pham
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho 185-1, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - David Blair
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Coogle B, Sosland S, Bahr NC. A clinical review of human disease due to Paragonimus kellicotti in North America. Parasitology 2022; 149:1327-1333. [PMID: 35965058 PMCID: PMC9415338 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human autochthonous infections with the trematode Paragonimus kellicotti are increasingly being reported in North America, but the true prevalence and geographic distribution are unknown. Ingestion of raw crayfish is reported in most human cases, typically in the context of alcohol intoxication. Risk of infection varies depending on what part of the crayfish is ingested as metacercariae of P. kellicotti (>50% mature to adults) localize to the heart and pericardium of the crayfish. Reported human cases have manifested primarily in otherwise healthy young adults presenting with severe eosinophilic pneumonia, pleuritis, systemic symptoms, dermatologic lesions and cerebral involvement. However, it is likely that many infections go unreported due to lack of awareness, mild illness or the absence of rapid commercially available diagnostic tests. Promising advances have been made related to novel diagnostic targets. Conservation of these antigen targets among at least four Paragonimus species could make these antigens viable for diagnostic testing of P. kellicotti specifically as well as other Paragonimus species, but additional studies and funding investments are required. Public and physician awareness may have improved due to targeted education campaigns, but ongoing activities to raise awareness are needed, particularly in areas where cases have not been frequently reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Coogle
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Samuel Sosland
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nathan C. Bahr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Abstract
Foodborne trematodes (FBT) of public health significance include liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica), lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani and several other Paragonimus spp.) and intestinal flukes, which include heterophyids (Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes nocens and Haplorchis taichui), echinostomes (Echinostoma revolutum, Isthmiophora hortensis, Echinochasmus japonicus and Artyfechinostomum malayanum) and miscellaneous species, including Fasciolopsis buski and Gymnophalloides seoi. These trematode infections are distributed worldwide but occur most commonly in Asia. The global burden of FBT diseases has been estimated at about 80 million, however, this seems to be a considerable underestimate. Their life cycle involves a molluscan first intermediate host, and a second intermediate host, including freshwater fish, crustaceans, aquatic vegetables and freshwater or brackish water gastropods and bivalves. The mode of human infection is the consumption of the second intermediate host under raw or improperly cooked conditions. The major pathogenesis of C. sinensis and Opisthorchis spp. infection includes inflammation of the bile duct which leads to cholangitis and cholecystitis, and in a substantial number of patients, serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma, may develop. In lung fluke infections, cough, bloody sputum and bronchiectasis are the most common clinical manifestations. However, lung flukes often migrate to extrapulmonary sites, including the brain, spinal cord, skin, subcutaneous tissues and abdominal organs. Intestinal flukes can induce inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, and they may at times undergo extraintestinal migration, in particular, in immunocompromised patients. In order to control FBT infections, eating foods after proper cooking is strongly recommended.
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Idro R, Ogwang R, Barragan A, Raimondo JV, Masocha W. Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa. Front Immunol 2022; 13:791488. [PMID: 35222377 PMCID: PMC8866860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.791488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections of the central nervous system are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. The neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric sequelae of these infections result from a complex interplay between the parasites and the host inflammatory response. Here we review some of the diseases caused by selected parasitic organisms known to infect the nervous system including Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei spp., and Taenia solium species. For each parasite, we describe the geographical distribution, prevalence, life cycle, and typical clinical symptoms of infection and pathogenesis. We pay particular attention to how the parasites infect the brain and the interaction between each organism and the host immune system. We describe how an understanding of these processes may guide optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to treat these disorders. Finally, we highlight current gaps in our understanding of disease pathophysiology and call for increased interrogation of these often-neglected disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Idro
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Centre of Tropical Neuroscience, Kitgum, Uganda.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney Ogwang
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Centre of Tropical Neuroscience, Kitgum, Uganda.,Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Valentino Raimondo
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Abstract
The title of this article refers to Table 1 in Zhou (2022, Infectious diseases of poverty: progress achieved during the decade gone and perspectives for the future. Infectious Diseases of Poverty 11, 1), in which it is indicated that Paragonimus species, like many other foodborne trematodes, are ancient pathogens that are also re-emerging to cause disease in modern times. This article provides a general overview of Paragonimus species and the disease they cause. This is followed by comments on several specific topics of current interest: taxonomy and distribution of members of the genus; details of the life cycle; global and regional prevalence of paragonimiasis; genomics of lung flukes and possible effects of global environmental change. Unresolved questions relating to these topics are discussed and gaps in knowledge identified.
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Shu QH, Li SD, Tian M, Meng Y, He SMQ, Zhu M, Wang MM, Wang WL. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Paragonimus skrjabini Complex from Yunnan, China: A Brief Report. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:316-321. [PMID: 34417714 PMCID: PMC8938381 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To perform environmental sampling and molecular identification of Paragonimus in endemic regions, which may help in minimizing transmission among humans. Methods Mountain crabs from the genus Potamiscus were collected and the encysted metacercariae were extracted and subjected to morphological identification, followed by animal inoculation in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. After 112 days of infection, animals were killed and adult worms were extracted from lungs and muscles. The morphology of adult worms was characterized by microscopy and molecular identification was done by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing of cox1 and ITS2 genes. Phylogenetic analysis was done by maximum parsimony method. Results A total of 447 crabs were captured from the streams of Tongchang Town, Jinping County, Yunnan Province, China. The infection rate was found to be 41% (186 out of 447 crabs). The metacercariae of Paragonimus skrjabini was identified by the characteristics round or spherical encysted form measuring 410 to 460 × 400 to 460 µm. After animal infection in SD rats, adults were presumptively confirmed to be P. skrjabini, which was also confirmed by gene amplification and sequence analysis of cox1 and ITS2 regions. Paragonimus skrjabini clustered with previously reported P. skrjabini from Yunnan and Vietnam. The confidence values of their branches were > 95%. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS2 region revealed two distinct clusters with distinct geographical grouping. Phylogenetic analysis with the combined data sets reiterated the geographical grouping with P. skrjabini from Yunnan clustering with strains from Vietnam. Conclusion Metacercariae of P. skrjabini was discovered in freshwater crabs in Yunnan province, China, and the strains were phylogenetically related to P. skrjabini from Vietnam.
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Chen J, Qin L, Tang LF. Case Report: Intermittent Chest Pain With Cough, Fever, and Pericardial Effusion Over the Course of 1 Year in an 11-Year-Old Girl. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:896824. [PMID: 35911838 PMCID: PMC9326351 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.896824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old girl presented with frequent chest pain, fever, and a cough that she had had for more than 13 months, as well as pleural effusion and large pericardial effusion. She was misdiagnosed with tuberculosis and received anti-tuberculosis drugs for 6 months. Within the past year, she also underwent two more thoracotomies and a thoracoscopic partial pericardiectomy. The final diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis was established once it was known that she had eosinophilia, always drank stream water, and tested positive for antibodies against Paragonimus. Since antiparasitic praziquantel therapy was effective, paragonimiasis should be considered as a possibility in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Mathison BA, Sapp SGH. An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae. Zookeys 2021; 1069:1-313. [PMID: 34819766 PMCID: PMC8595220 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1069.67403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of "parasites" in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine A. Mathison
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USAInstitute for Clinical and Experimental PathologySalt Lake CityUnited States of America
| | - Sarah G. H. Sapp
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaUnited States of America
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Urabe M, Marcaida AJB. A record of juvenile Paragonimus skrjabini miyazakii from the urinary bladder of the Japanese toad, Bufo japonicus formosus. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102474. [PMID: 34597760 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We found juveniles of Paragonimus in the urinary bladder of a Japanese toad (Bufo japonicus formosus) captured in Kyoto. These were molecularly identified as Paragonimus skrjabini miyazakii Kamo, Nishida, Hatsushika et Tomimura 1961. This is the first report of P. s. miyazakii found in anuran hosts in Japan, indicating that anurans can be paratenic hosts of P. s. miyazakii, as is also the case for Paragonimus skrjabini skrjabini in China. This finding suggests that definitive hosts of P. s. miyazakii can be infected by eating not only crabs or mammal paratenic hosts, but also anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Urabe
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Faculty of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga 522-8533, Japan.
| | - Arvin Jet B Marcaida
- Division of Environmental Dynamics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
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16
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Roh CK, Jung MJ. Laparoscopic excision for ectopic peritoneal paragonimiasis mimicking a gastric duplication cyst: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102754. [PMID: 34484726 PMCID: PMC8391020 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paragonimiasis, lung fluke disease caused by infection with Paragonimus species, is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. The overriding symptoms of Paragonimus westermani infection include chronic cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic pain. Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis caused by aberrant parasitic migration is known to occur in a variety of sites such as the brain, abdominal wall, and intraperitoneal cavity. Ectopic paragonimiasis is an uncommon disease that presents with a few clinical manifestations, which makes it difficult to diagnose and treat. Case presentation A 47-year-old man with an unremarkable medical and surgical history presented with a peritoneal lesion that was discovered incidentally on abdominal computed tomography during routine health screening. The patient did not exhibit any associated symptoms such as abdominal pain. The radiologic diagnosis was a gastric duplication cyst and we performed laparoscopic excision of the peritoneal mass. Histopathological examination revealed paragonimiasis, and the result of the skin test for paragonimiasis was positive. The patient was treated with praziquantel. Clinical discussion The diagnosis of ectopic peritoneal paragonimiasis remains challenging due to inexperience, misdiagnosis, and its rarity. Clinicians should bear in mind that an intra-abdominal mass may be related to a parasitic infection. The detection of the ova of Paragonimus parasites in sputum and biopsy specimens may be difficult due to an insufficient amount. Conclusion Clinicians need to thoroughly take the patient's history and clinically suspect parasitic infections. Laparoscopic resection of this rare mass is safe, feasible, and allows for rapid recovery. Ectopic paragonimiasis is a rare disease with a few clinical symptoms. The rarity of ectopic paragonimiasis makes it difficult to diagnose and treat. Clinicians should suspect parasitic infections. The laparoscopic approach could be a treatment option for abdominal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kyu Roh
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Kong L, Hua L, Liu Q, Bao C, Hu J, Xu S. One delayed diagnosis of paragonimiasis case and literature review. Respirol Case Rep 2021; 9:e00750. [PMID: 33959297 PMCID: PMC8080295 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human paragonimiasis has been appearing all over the world due to increased human migration, international travel, and worldwide food trading. However, delayed and missed diagnosis rates are also increasing due to atypical clinical manifestations and the lack of disease understanding by clinical workers. We describe the case of a 43-year-old man, who was hospitalized with cough and chest pain for two months. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral emphysema, left pleural effusion, and bilateral atelectasis. The hypereosinophilia gave us a clue; ultimately, the diagnosis of paragonimiasis was made through a diet history and a positive result of serum Paragonimus sp. immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody. Moreover, 27 misdiagnosed paragonimiasis cases in the past decade have been reported. We draw conclusions by summarizing their characteristics for suspicious eosinophilic paragonimiasis patients; we should inquire diet history carefully, test serum IgG antibodies, and try to detect eggs. Once diagnosed, praziquantel is preferred for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lijuan Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chen Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiannan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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18
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Blair D. Changing face of paragonimiasis. Trop Parasitol 2021; 10:168-171. [PMID: 33747890 PMCID: PMC7951066 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_120_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Blair
- Department of Zoology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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19
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Shu QH, Yang Y, Li SD, Zhao JS, Li SH, Wang MM, Wang WQ, Tian M, He SMQ, Ma ZQ, Zhu M, Wang WL. Analysis of the misdiagnosis of 8 adult cases of paragonimiasis with lung masses as the main manifestation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:28. [PMID: 33741016 PMCID: PMC7977500 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical characteristics of adult cases of paragonimiasis with lung masses as the main manifestation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, analyze the causes of misdiagnosis, and improve the levels of clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHOD We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data and diagnosis and treatment of 8 adult cases of paragonimiasis with lung masses as the main manifestation that were diagnosed in the Oncology Department of People's hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture from July 2014 to July 2019. RESULT All 8 patients were from epidemic paragonimiasis areas and had a confirmed history of consuming uncooked freshwater crabs. The clinical manifestations were mainly fever, dry cough, and chest pain. The disease durations were long, and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were elevated. The cases had been misdiagnosed as pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis. After years of anti-inflammatory or anti-tuberculosis treatment, the symptoms had not improved significantly. Patients eventually sought treatment from the oncology department for hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography showed patchy consolidation in the lungs, with nodules, lung masses, and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic disease. Early clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination results are nonspecific. The parasite most often invades the lungs, and the resulting disease is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, or lung cancer (Acta Trop 199: 05074, 2019). To avoid misdiagnosis, clinicians should inquire, in detail, about residence history and history of unclean food and exposure to infected water and make an early diagnosis based on the inquired information and imaging examination results. For patients who have been diagnosed with pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis and whose symptoms do not improve significantly after anti-inflammatory or anti-tuberculosis treatments, their epidemiological history should be traced to further conduct differential diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hong Shu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374, Dianmian Road, Kunming, 651010, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Oncology Department, People's hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-De Li
- Kunming Medical University, No.1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 65050, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhao
- Mengma Town Central Health Center, Menglian, Pu'er City, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng-Hao Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Miao-Miao Wang
- Kunming Medical University, No.1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 65050, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Qun Wang
- Kunming Medical University, No.1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 65050, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Kunming Medical University, No.1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 65050, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-Mei-Qi He
- The 2nd People's Hospital of Chengdu, No.10, Qingyun South Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 510104, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Kunming Medical University, No.1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 65050, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Lin Wang
- Kunming Medical University, No.1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 65050, Yunnan, China.
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20
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Ning W, Yang L, Chen Y, Chen C. A 48 year old male with wandering pleural effusion and pulmonary infiltration. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220960553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported a case of pulmonary paragonimiasis presenting as wandering pleural effusion and pulmonary infiltration. The patient had an explicit history of eating raw freshwater crabs 6 months earlier, and a test for serum antibodies to paragonimus was positive. This case illustrates the complex nature of pathological processes and immunological responses in the lungs and highlights the need to consider the existence of paragonimus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ning
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Tantrawatpan C, Tapdara S, Agatsuma T, Sanpool O, Intapan PM, Maleewong W, Saijuntha W. Genetic differentiation of Southeast Asian Paragonimus Braun, 1899 (Digenea: Paragonimidae) and genetic variation in the Paragonimus heterotremus complex examined by nuclear DNA sequences. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 90:104761. [PMID: 33577999 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Southeast Asian lung flukes, the causative agents of human and animal paragonimiasis, comprise at least 14 species. Of these, seven species; Paragonimus bangkokensis, P. harinasutai, P. macrorchis, P. siamensis, P. westermani, P. heterotremus and P. pseudoheterotremus were studied. Two regions of domain 1 of taurocyamine kinase; TkD1 (exon) and TkD1Int2 (intron 2), were used as genetic markers for elucidating their genetic differentiation, genetic variation, and heterozygosity. The TkD1 region was conserved between these species but can potentially be used to differentiate all seven species. However, the TkD1Int2 region had a high level of polymorphism, which is suitable for investigation of genetic variation within or between closely related species, especially P. heterotremus and P. pseudoheterotremus as well as for a phylogenetic analyses of the genus Paragonimus. Heterozygosity was mostly observed in DNA samples extracted from adult P. heterotremus including samples taken from sputum of paragonimiasis patients, whereas DNA extracted from metacercariae was not, except in the samples from Myanmar. Our findings provide evidence of DNA recombination and incomplete lineage sorting of P. heterotremus and P. pseudoheterotremus in TkD1Int2, which suggesting gene flow between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumonta Tapdara
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Amnatcharoen Hospital, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
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22
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Rabone M, Wiethase J, Clark PF, Rollinson D, Cumberlidge N, Emery AM. Endemicity of Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and mapping reveals stability of transmission in endemic foci for a multi-host parasite system. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009120. [PMID: 33544705 PMCID: PMC7891758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragonimiasis is caused by zoonotic trematodes of Paragonimus spp., found in Asia, the Americas and Africa, particularly in tropical regions. These parasites have a complex, multi-host life cycle, with mammalian definitive hosts and larval stages cycling through two intermediate hosts (snails and freshwater decapod crustaceans). In Africa, paragonimiasis is particularly neglected, and remains the only human parasitic disease without a fully characterised life cycle. However paragonimiasis has potentially significant impacts on public health in Africa, and prevalence has likely been underestimated through under-reporting and misdiagnosis as tuberculosis due to a similar clinical presentation. We identified the need to synthesise current knowledge and map endemic foci for African Paragonimus spp. together with Poikilorchis congolensis, a rare, taxonomically distant trematode with a similar distribution and morphology. We present the first systematic review of the literature relating to African paragonimiasis, combined with mapping of all reported occurrences of Paragonimus spp. throughout Africa, from the 1910s to the present. In human surveys, numerous reports of significant recent transmission in Southeast Nigeria were uncovered, with high prevalence and intensity of infection. Overall prevalence was significantly higher for P. uterobilateralis compared to P. africanus across studies. The potential endemicity of P. africanus in Côte d'Ivoire is also reported. In freshwater crab intermediate hosts, differences in prevalence and intensity of either P. uterobilateralis or P. africanus were evident across genera and species, suggesting differences in susceptibility. Mapping showed temporal stability of endemic foci, with the majority of known occurrences of Paragonimus found in the rainforest zone of West and Central Africa, but with several outliers elsewhere on the continent. This suggests substantial under sampling and localised infection where potential host distributions overlap. Our review highlights the urgent need for increased sampling in active disease foci in Africa, particularly using molecular analysis to fully characterise Paragonimus species and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Rabone
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joris Wiethase
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F. Clark
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Rollinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Cumberlidge
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aidan M. Emery
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Nakagawa Y, Ikematsu Y, Nakanishi T, Ogawa Y, Taen R, Nakashima Y, Okabe H, Yoshida A, Maruyama H. An outbreak of Paragonimus westermani infection among Cambodian technical intern trainees in Japan, exhibiting various extrapulmonary lesions. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102279. [PMID: 33388385 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We encountered an outbreak of paragonimiasis among Cambodian technical intern trainees (TITs) at a food-processing factory in Fukuoka, Japan. The patients were 20-28 years old, seven females and two males, who had been in Japan for one to four years. All of them had consumed raw or undercooked Japanese mitten crab they purchased at a local grocery store near their training place. CT images showed multiple lesions not only in the lungs but in the extrapulmonary organs as well, such as subcutaneous tissues, abdominal muscles, and mesentery, in most of the patients. Their medical records indicated that all of them acquired infection in Japan, not in Cambodia. Diagnosis was made serologically and the patients were treated with praziquantel successfully. Foreign workers and TITs are increasing in Japan so rapidly, that food borne-infections, including paragonimiasis, should be considered in people from developing countries who have exotic dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Ikematsu
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ayako Yoshida
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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24
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Weatherhead JE, Gazzinelli-Guimaraes P, Knight JM, Fujiwara R, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Corry DB. Host Immunity and Inflammation to Pulmonary Helminth Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594520. [PMID: 33193446 PMCID: PMC7606285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths, including nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, are complex parasitic organisms that infect at least one billion people globally living in extreme poverty. Helminthic infections are associated with severe morbidity particularly in young children who often harbor the highest burden of disease. While each helminth species completes a distinct life cycle within the host, several helminths incite significant lung disease. This impact on the lungs occurs either directly from larval migration and host immune activation or indirectly from a systemic inflammatory immune response. The impact of helminths on the pulmonary immune response involves a sophisticated orchestration and activation of the host innate and adaptive immune cells. The consequences of activating pulmonary host immune responses are variable with several helminthic infections leading to severe, pulmonary compromise while others providing immune tolerance and protection against the development of pulmonary diseases. Further delineation of the convoluted interface between helminth infection and the pulmonary host immune responses is critical to the development of novel therapeutics that are critically needed to prevent the significant global morbidity caused by these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Weatherhead
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - John M. Knight
- Department of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and the Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ricardo Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College State, TX, United States
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children’s Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David B. Corry
- Department of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and the Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Immunology, Allergy, Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, United States
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