1
|
Tung S, Delavogia E, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of the stem cell secretome in neonatal diseases. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151730. [PMID: 36990921 PMCID: PMC10133192 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth and intrapartum related complications account for a substantial amount of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period despite significant advancements in neonatal-perinatal care. Currently, there is a noticeable lack of curative or preventative therapies available for any of the most common complications of prematurity including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and retinopathy of prematurity or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the main cause of perinatal brain injury in term infants. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived therapy has been an active area of investigation for the past decade and has demonstrated encouraging results in multiple experimental models of neonatal disease. It is now widely acknowledged that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells exert their therapeutic effects via their secretome, with the principal vector identified as extracellular vesicles. This review will focus on summarizing the current literature and investigations on mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a treatment for neonatal diseases and examine the considerations to their application in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eleni Delavogia
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delavogia E, Ntentakis DP, Cortinas JA, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Alex Mitsialis S, Kourembanas S. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles and Perinatal Injury: One Formula for Many Diseases. Stem Cells 2022; 40:991-1007. [PMID: 36044737 PMCID: PMC9707037 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, substantial advances in neonatal medical care have increased the survival of extremely premature infants. However, there continues to be significant morbidity associated with preterm birth with common complications including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), neuronal injury such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), as well as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Common developmental immune and inflammatory pathways underlie the pathophysiology of such complications providing the opportunity for multisystem therapeutic approaches. To date, no single therapy has proven to be effective enough to prevent or treat the sequelae of prematurity. In the past decade mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapeutic approaches have shown promising results in numerous experimental models of neonatal diseases. It is now accepted that the therapeutic potential of MSCs is comprised of their secretome, and several studies have recognized the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as the paracrine vector. Herein, we review the current literature on the MSC-EVs as potential therapeutic agents in neonatal diseases and comment on the progress and challenges of their translation to the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Delavogia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios P Ntentakis
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Cortinas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farhat W, Yeung V, Ross A, Kahale F, Boychev N, Kuang L, Chen L, Ciolino JB. Advances in biomaterials for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5391-5429. [PMID: 35959730 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. Although traditional chemotherapy has shown some success in retinoblastoma management, there are several shortcomings to this approach, including inadequate pharmacokinetic parameters, multidrug resistance, low therapeutic efficiency, nonspecific targeting, and the need for adjuvant therapy, among others. The revolutionary developments in biomaterials for drug delivery have enabled breakthroughs in cancer management. Today, biomaterials are playing a crucial role in developing more efficacious retinoblastoma treatments. The key goal in the evolution of drug delivery biomaterials for retinoblastoma therapy is to resolve delivery-associated obstacles and lower nonlocal exposure while ameliorating certain adverse effects. In this review, we will first delve into the historical perspective of retinoblastoma with a focus on the classical treatments currently used in clinics to enhance patients' quality of life and survival rate. As we move along, we will discuss biomaterials for drug delivery applications. Various aspects of biomaterials for drug delivery will be dissected, including their features and recent advances. In accordance with the current advances in biomaterials, we will deliver a synopsis on the novel chemotherapeutic drug delivery strategies and evaluate these approaches to gain new insights into retinoblastoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Farhat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Amy Ross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Francesca Kahale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Nikolay Boychev
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Liangju Kuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Joseph B Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Extracellular Vesicles in Corneal Fibrosis/Scarring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115921. [PMID: 35682600 PMCID: PMC9180085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells and the microenvironment is a complex, yet crucial, element in the development and progression of varied physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence in different disease models highlights roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs), either in modulating cell signaling paracrine mechanism(s) or harnessing their therapeutic moiety. Of interest, the human cornea functions as a refractive and transparent barrier that protects the intraocular elements from the external environment. Corneal trauma at the ocular surface may lead to diminished corneal clarity and detrimental effects on visual acuity. The aberrant activation of corneal stromal cells, which leads to myofibroblast differentiation and a disorganized extracellular matrix is a central biological process that may result in corneal fibrosis/scarring. In recent years, understanding the pathological and therapeutic EV mechanism(s) of action in the context of corneal biology has been a topic of increasing interest. In this review, we describe the clinical relevance of corneal fibrosis/scarring and how corneal stromal cells contribute to wound repair and their generation of the stromal haze. Furthermore, we will delve into EV characterization, their subtypes, and the pathological and therapeutic roles they play in corneal scarring/fibrosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
A New Human Platelet Lysate for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Production Compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice Conditions Preserves the Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity of Lyo-Secretome Isolated by Ultrafiltration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084318. [PMID: 35457134 PMCID: PMC9030891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we proposed a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant production process for freeze-dried mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secretome (lyo-secretome): after serum starvation, the cell supernatant was collected, and the secretome was concentrated by ultrafiltration and freeze-dried, obtaining a standardized ready-to-use and stable powder. In this work, we modified the type of human platelet lysate (HPL) used as an MSC culture supplement during the lyo-secretome production process: the aim was to verify whether this change had an impact on product quality and also whether this new procedure could be validated according to GMP, proving the process robustness. MSCs were cultured with two HPLs: the standard previously validated one (HPL-E) and the new one (HPL-S). From the same pool of platelets, two batches of HPL were obtained: HPL-E (by repeated freezing and thawing cycles) and HPL-S (by adding Ca-gluconate to form a clot and its subsequent mechanical wringing). Bone marrow MSCs from three donors were separately cultured with the two HPLs until the third passage and then employed to produce lyo-secretome. The following indicators were selected to evaluate the process performance: (i) the lyo-secretome quantitative composition (in lipids and proteins), (ii) the EVs size distribution, and (iii) anti-elastase and (iv) immunomodulant activity as potency tests. The new HPL supplementation for MSCs culture induced only a few minimal changes in protein/lipid content and EVs size distribution; despite this, it did not significantly influence biological activity. The donor intrinsic MSCs variability in secretome secretion instead strongly affected the quality of the finished product and could be mitigated by concentrating the final product to reach a determined protein (and lipid) concentration. In conclusion, the modification of the type of HPL in the MSCs culture during lyo-secretome production induces only minimal changes in the composition but not in the potency, and therefore, the new procedure can be validated according to GMP.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yeung V, Zhang TC, Yuan L, Parekh M, Cortinas JA, Delavogia E, Hutcheon AEK, Guo X, Ciolino JB. Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Corneal Myofibroblasts Promote Corneal Epithelial Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063136. [PMID: 35328555 PMCID: PMC8951135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelial wound healing is a multifaceted process that encompasses cell proliferation, migration, and communication from the corneal stroma. Upon corneal injury, bidirectional crosstalk between the epithelium and stroma via extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been reported. However, the mechanisms by which the EVs from human corneal keratocytes (HCKs), fibroblasts (HCFs), and/or myofibroblasts (HCMs) exert their effects on the corneal epithelium remain unclear. In this study, HCK-, HCF-, and HCM-EVs were isolated and characterized, and human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell migration was assessed in a scratch assay following PKH26-labeled HCK-, HCF-, or HCM-EV treatment. HCE cells proliferative and apoptotic activity following EV treatment was assessed. HCF-/HCM-EVs were enriched for CD63, CD81, ITGAV, and THBS1 compared to HCK-EV. All EVs were negative for GM130 and showed minimal differences in biophysical properties. At the proteomic level, we showed HCM-EV with a log >two-fold change in CXCL6, CXCL12, MMP1, and MMP2 expression compared to HCK-/HCF-EVs; these proteins are associated with cellular movement pathways. Upon HCM-EV treatment, HCE cell migration, velocity, and proliferation were significantly increased compared to HCK-/HCF-EVs. This study concludes that the HCM-EV protein cargo influences HCE cell migration and proliferation, and understanding these elements may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for corneal wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (L.Y.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.H.); (X.G.); (J.B.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (L.Y.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.H.); (X.G.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (L.Y.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.H.); (X.G.); (J.B.C.)
| | - John A. Cortinas
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.A.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Eleni Delavogia
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.A.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Audrey E. K. Hutcheon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (L.Y.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.H.); (X.G.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (L.Y.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.H.); (X.G.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Joseph B. Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (L.Y.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.H.); (X.G.); (J.B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Narang P, Shah M, Beljanski V. Exosomal RNAs in diagnosis and therapies. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:7-15. [PMID: 35087990 PMCID: PMC8777382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicles has been rapidly developing after it became evident that a defined subset of vesicles, called exosomes, can modulate several biological functions in distant cells and tissues. Exosomes range in a size from 40 to 160 nm in diameter, are released by majority of cells in our body, and carry molecules which reflect the cell of origin. The types of biomolecules packed, their respective purpose, and their impact on the physiological state of distinct cells and tissues should be understood to advance the using of exosomes as biomarkers of health and disease. Many of such physiological effects can be linked to exosomal RNA molecules which include both coding and non-coding RNAs. The biological role(s) of various exosomal RNAs have started being recognized after RNA sequencing methods became widely available which led to discovery of a variety of RNA molecules in exosomes and their roles in regulating of many biological processes are beginning to be unraveled. In present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in the elucidation of the various biological processes driven by exosomal RNA and their relevance for several major conditions including disorders of central nervous system, cardiovascular system, metabolism, cancer, and immune system. Furthermore, we also discuss potential use of exosomes as valuable therapeutics for tissue regeneration and for conditions resulting from excessive inflammation. While exosome research is still in its infancy, in-depth understanding of exosome formation, their biological effects, and specific cell-targeting will uncover how they can be used as disease biomarkers and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Narang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Davie, Florida, United States
| | - Morish Shah
- Department of Public Health, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, United States
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Davie, Florida, United States
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, United States
- Cell Therapy Institute, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Modulating Cardiac Mechanisms. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030355. [PMID: 35330106 PMCID: PMC8952775 DOI: 10.3390/life12030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular-disease (CVD)-related mortality has been fueled by the upsurge of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were extensively studied for their reparative power in ameliorating different CVDs via direct and paracrine effects. Several reports pointed to the importance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a reliable therapeutic approach for several CVDs. Nevertheless, their therapeutic potential has not yet been investigated in the cardiotoxic state that is induced by NASH. Thus, this study sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with cardiotoxicity that accompany NASH. Besides, we aimed to comparatively study the therapeutic effects of bone-marrow mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BM-MSCs-EV) and BM-MSCs in a cardiotoxic model that is induced by NASH in rats. Rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. At the seventh week, BM-MSCs-EV were given a dose of 120 µg/kg i.v., twice a week for six weeks (12 doses per 6 weeks). Another group was treated with BM-MSCs at a dose of 1 × 106 cell i.v., per rat once every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (3 doses per 6 weeks). BM-MSCs-EV demonstrated superior cardioprotective effects through decreasing serum cardiotoxic markers, cardiac hypoxic state (HIF-1) and cardiac inflammation (NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6). This was accompanied by increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and improved cardiac histopathological alterations. Both BM-MSCs-EV and BM-MSCs restored the mitochondrial antioxidant state through the upregulation of UCP2 and MnSOD genes. Besides, mitochondrial Parkin-dependent and -independent mitophagies were regained through the upregulation of (Parkin, PINK1, ULK1, BNIP3L, FUNDC1) and (LC3B). These effects were mediated through the regulation of pAKT, PI3K, Hypoxia, VEGF and NF-κB signaling pathways by an array of secreted microRNAs (miRNAs). Our findings unravel the potential ameliorative effects of BM-MSCs-EV as a comparable new avenue for BM-MSCs for modulating cardiotoxicity that is induced by NASH.
Collapse
|
9
|
Willis GR, Reis M, Gheinani AH, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Taglauer ES, Yeung V, Liu X, Ericsson M, Haas E, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Extracellular Vesicles Protect the Neonatal Lung from Hyperoxic Injury through the Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Reprogramming of Myeloid Cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:1418-1432. [PMID: 34699335 PMCID: PMC8865710 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-small extracellular vesicle (MEx) treatment has shown promise in experimental models of neonatal lung injury. The molecular mechanisms by which MEx afford beneficial effects remain incompletely understood. Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of action through assessment of MEx biodistribution and impact on immune cell phenotypic heterogeneity. Methods: MEx were isolated from the conditioned medium of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs. Newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia (HYRX, 75% O2) from birth and returned to room air at Postnatal Day 14 (PN14). Mice received either a bolus intravenous MEx dose at PN4 or bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (BMDMy) pretreated with MEx. Animals were killed at PN4, PN7, PN14, or PN28 to characterize MEx biodistribution or for assessment of pulmonary parameters. The therapeutic role of MEx-educated BMDMy was determined in vitro and in vivo. Measurements and Main Results: MEx therapy ameliorated core histological features of HYRX-induced neonatal lung injury. Biodistribution and mass cytometry studies demonstrated that MEx localize in the lung and interact with myeloid cells. MEx restored the apportion of alveolar macrophages in the HYRX-injured lung and concomitantly suppressed inflammatory cytokine production. In vitro and ex vivo studies revealed that MEx promoted an immunosuppressive BMDMy phenotype. Functional assays demonstrated that the immunosuppressive actions of BMDMy are driven by phenotypically and epigenetically reprogrammed monocytes. Adoptive transfer of MEx-educated BMDMy, but not naive BMDMy, restored alveolar architecture, blunted fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and improved exercise capacity. Conclusions: MEx ameliorate hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury though epigenetic and phenotypic reprogramming of myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R. Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica Reis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth S. Taglauer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xianlan Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Eric Haas
- Mass Cytometry Core, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yeung V, Sriram S, Tran JA, Guo X, Hutcheon AEK, Zieske JD, Karamichos D, Ciolino JB. FAK Inhibition Attenuates Corneal Fibroblast Differentiation In Vitro. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1682. [PMID: 34827680 PMCID: PMC8616004 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal fibrosis (or scarring) occurs in response to ocular trauma or infection, and by reducing corneal transparency, it can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Studies highlight important roles for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and -β3 as modulators in corneal wound healing and fibrosis, leading to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) components and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a myofibroblast marker. In this study, human corneal fibroblasts (hCF) were cultured as a monolayer culture (2D) or on poly-transwell membranes to generate corneal stromal constructs (3D) that were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β3, or TGF-β1 + FAK inhibitor (FAKi). Results show that hCF 3D constructs treated with TGF-β1 or TGF-β3 impart distinct effects on genes involved in wound healing and fibrosis-ITGAV, ITGB1, SRC and ACTA2. Notably, in the 3D construct model, TGF-β1 enhanced αSMA and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein expression, whereas TGF-β3 did not. In addition, in both the hCF 2D cell and 3D construct models, we found that TGF-β1 + FAKi attenuated TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation, as shown by abrogated αSMA expression. This study concludes that FAK signaling is important for the onset of TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation, and FAK inhibition may provide a novel beneficial therapeutic avenue to reduce corneal scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.S.); (J.A.T.); (X.G.); (A.E.K.H.); (J.D.Z.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Sriniwas Sriram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.S.); (J.A.T.); (X.G.); (A.E.K.H.); (J.D.Z.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Jennifer A. Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.S.); (J.A.T.); (X.G.); (A.E.K.H.); (J.D.Z.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.S.); (J.A.T.); (X.G.); (A.E.K.H.); (J.D.Z.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Audrey E. K. Hutcheon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.S.); (J.A.T.); (X.G.); (A.E.K.H.); (J.D.Z.); (J.B.C.)
| | - James D. Zieske
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.S.); (J.A.T.); (X.G.); (A.E.K.H.); (J.D.Z.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Joseph B. Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.S.); (J.A.T.); (X.G.); (A.E.K.H.); (J.D.Z.); (J.B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McKay TB, Yeung V, Hutcheon AEK, Guo X, Zieske JD, Ciolino JB. Extracellular Vesicles in the Cornea: Insights from Other Tissues. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:9983900. [PMID: 34336556 PMCID: PMC8324376 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9983900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-bound particles secreted by cells that have been found to be important in mediating cell-cell communication, signal transduction, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Their role in both physiological and pathological processes has been established in different tissues throughout the human body. The human cornea functions as a transparent and refractive barrier that protects the intraocular elements from the external environment. Injury, infection, or disease may cause the loss of corneal clarity by altering extracellular matrix organization within the stroma that may lead to detrimental effects on visual acuity. Over the years, numerous studies have identified many of the growth factors (e.g., transforming growth factor-β1, thrombospondin-1, and platelet-derived growth factor) important in corneal wound healing and scarring. However, the functional role of bound factors encapsulated in EVs in the context of corneal biology is less defined. In this review, we describe the discovery and characterization of EVs in the cornea. We focus on EV-matrix interactions, potential functions during corneal wound healing, and the bioactivity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs. We also discuss the development of EVs as stable, drug-loaded therapeutics for ocular applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina B. McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Audrey E. K. Hutcheon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James D. Zieske
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph B. Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marulanda K, Tsihlis ND, McLean SE, Kibbe MR. Emerging antenatal therapies for congenital diaphragmatic hernia-induced pulmonary hypertension in preclinical models. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1641-1649. [PMID: 33038872 PMCID: PMC8035353 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-related deaths are the largest contributor to in-hospital neonatal deaths in children with congenital malformations. Morbidity and mortality in CDH are directly related to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Current treatment consists of supportive measures. To date, no pharmacotherapy has been shown to effectively reverse the hallmark finding of pulmonary vascular remodeling that is associated with pulmonary hypertension in CDH (CDH-PH). As such, there is a great need for novel therapies to effectively manage CDH-PH. Our review aims to evaluate emerging therapies, and specifically focuses on those that are still under investigation and not approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration. Therapies were categorized into antenatal pharmacotherapies or antenatal regenerative therapies and assessed on their method of administration, safety profile, the effect on pulmonary vascular pathophysiology, and overall efficacy. In general, emerging antenatal pharmaceutical and regenerative treatments primarily aim to alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling by restoring normal function and levels of key regulatory factors involved in pulmonary vascular development and/or in promoting angiogenesis. Overall, while these emerging therapies show great promise for the management of CDH-PH, most require further assessment of safety and efficacy in preclinical models before translation into the clinical setting. IMPACT: Emerging antenatal therapies for congenital diaphragmatic hernia-induced pulmonary hypertension (CDH-PH) show promise to effectively mitigate vascular remodeling in preclinical models. Further investigation is needed in preclinical and human studies to evaluate safety and efficacy prior to translation into the clinical arena. This review offers a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of emerging therapies currently under investigation in experimental animal models. There is no cure for CDH-PH. This review explores emerging therapeutic options for the treatment of CDH-PH and evaluates their impact on key molecular pathways and clinical markers of disease to determine efficacy in the preclinical stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Marulanda
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nick D Tsihlis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sean E McLean
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Willis GR, Yeung V, Reis M, Liu X, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Oxygen-Induced Multi-Organ Disease: A Developmental Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647025. [PMID: 33796534 PMCID: PMC8007882 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in neonatal intensive care, infants born at extremely low birth weight still face an increased risk for chronic illness that may persist into adulthood. Pulmonary, retinal, and neurocognitive morbidities associated with preterm birth remain widespread despite interventions designed to minimize organ dysfunction. The design of therapeutic applications for preterm pathologies sharing common underlying triggers, such as fluctuations in oxygen supply or in the inflammatory state, requires alternative strategies that promote anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and trophic activities—ideally as a unitary treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEx) possess such inherent advantages, and they represent a most promising treatment candidate, as they have been shown to contribute to immunomodulation, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. Current pre-clinical studies into the MEx mechanism of action are focusing on their restorative capability in the context of preterm birth-related pathologies, albeit not always with a multisystemic focus. This perspective will discuss the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the multisystemic lesions resulting from early-life disruption of normal physiology triggered by high oxygen exposures and pro-inflammatory conditions and introduce the application of MEx as immunomodulators and growth-promoting mediators for multisystem therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gareth R Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Monica Reis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xianlan Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chia WK, Cheah FC, Abdul Aziz NH, Kampan NC, Shuib S, Khong TY, Tan GC, Wong YP. A Review of Placenta and Umbilical Cord-Derived Stem Cells and the Immunomodulatory Basis of Their Therapeutic Potential in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:615508. [PMID: 33791258 PMCID: PMC8006350 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.615508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating lung disorder of preterm infants as a result of an aberrant reparative response following exposures to various antenatal and postnatal insults. Despite sophisticated medical treatment in this modern era, the incidence of BPD remains unabated. The current strategies to prevent and treat BPD have met with limited success. The emergence of stem cell therapy may be a potential breakthrough in mitigating this complex chronic lung disorder. Over the last two decades, the human placenta and umbilical cord have gained increasing attention as a highly potential source of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cells (PDSCs) and umbilical cord-derived stem cells (UCDSCs) display several advantages such as immune tolerance and are generally devoid of ethical constraints, in addition to their stemness qualities. They possess the characteristics of both embryonic and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Recently, there are many preclinical studies investigating the use of these cells as therapeutic agents in neonatal disease models for clinical applications. In this review, we describe the preclinical and clinical studies using PDSCs and UCDSCs as treatment in animal models of BPD. The source of these stem cells, routes of administration, and effects on immunomodulation, inflammation and regeneration in the injured lung are also discussed. Lastly, a brief description summarized the completed and ongoing clinical trials using PDSCs and UCDSCs as therapeutic agents in preventing or treating BPD. Due to the complexity of BPD, the development of a safe and efficient therapeutic agent remains a major challenge to both clinicians and researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Chia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fook Choe Cheah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Haslinda Abdul Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salwati Shuib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yee Khong
- Department of Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hua C, Liu J, Hua X, Wang X. Synergistic Fabrication of Dose-Response Chitosan/Dextran/β-Glycerophosphate Injectable Hydrogel as Cell Delivery Carrier for Cardiac Healing After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820941323. [PMID: 32922226 PMCID: PMC7457666 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820941323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) therapy offering an encouraging the new methods to establish the conveying on the chitosan (C)/dextran (D)/β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) loaded with hMSCs to enhance the acute myocardial infarctions. The synthesized hMSCs-CD@β-GP system displayed the ratio of determination modules, size of the pore, absorbency, and the swellings ratio in the assortment of the 65 ka, 149 ± 39.8 µm, 92.2%, 42 ± 1.38, and 29 ± 1.9, respectively. The fabricated hMSCs-CD@β-GP was highly stable and physicochemical investigated and confirmed the suitability of the materials for cardiac regeneration applications. The in vitro examinations of the injectable hydrogels with hMSCs-CD@β-GP have recognized that the improved survival rate of the cells, increased the pro-inflammatory expressions factors, pro-angiogenic factors analysis confirmed the promising results of the ejection of fractions, fibrosis area, vessel density with decreased infractions size, with suggesting that the remarkable improvement of the heart regenerative function after myocardial infarctions. The new synergistic approach of the injectable hydrogels with hMSCs could able appropriate for the effective treatment of cardiac therapies after acute myocardial infarctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiuhong Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinhua Fifth Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|