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Ahmad RW, Salah K, Jayaraman R, Yaqoob I, Ellahham S, Omar M. Blockchain and COVID-19 pandemic: applications and challenges. CLUSTER COMPUTING 2023; 26:1-26. [PMID: 37359060 PMCID: PMC10148614 DOI: 10.1007/s10586-023-04009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The year 2020 has witnessed the emergence of coronavirus (COVID-19) that has rapidly spread and adversely affected the global economy, health, and human lives. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations of existing healthcare systems regarding their inadequacy to timely and efficiently handle public health emergencies. A large portion of today's healthcare systems are centralized and fall short in providing necessary information security and privacy, data immutability, transparency, and traceability features to detect fraud related to COVID-19 vaccination certification, and anti-body testing. Blockchain technology can assist in combating the COVID-19 pandemic by ensuring safe and reliable medical supplies, accurate identification of virus hot spots, and establishing data provenance to verify the genuineness of personal protective equipment. This paper discusses the potential blockchain applications for the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents the high-level design of three blockchain-based systems to enable governments and medical professionals to efficiently handle health emergencies caused by COVID-19. It discusses the important ongoing blockchain-based research projects, use cases, and case studies to demonstrate the adoption of blockchain technology for COVID-19. Finally, it identifies and discusses future research challenges, along with their key causes and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Wasim Ahmad
- College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Khaled Salah
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Raja Jayaraman
- Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ibrar Yaqoob
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Samer Ellahham
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammed Omar
- Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Nanda SK, Panda SK, Dash M. Medical supply chain integrated with blockchain and IoT to track the logistics of medical products. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 82:1-23. [PMID: 37362711 PMCID: PMC9985095 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-023-14846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays blockchain technology plays a vital role in creative developments and important discoveries in the world. Blockchain develops secure and trustworthy platforms for data sharing in various application areas such as secure sharing of medical data, Anti-money laundering, tracking systems, Supply chain, and logistics monitoring, Crypto-currency exchange, etc. Today's Supply chain in the healthcare sector faces many problems like security, transparency, tampering with medical products, counterfeit drugs, more paperwork, high cost, and more time-consuming process while transporting medical equipment from manufacture to end-users. To overcome these problems, we introduce Novel Approach for Integrated IoT (Internet of Things) With Blockchain in Health Supply Chain (NAIBHSC) approach. By using this approach, we can eliminate all supply chain-related issues between suppliers and end-users. The goal of this research is by combining Blockchain technology with IoT to develop a smart health supply chain management system. This approach provides security, privacy, trust, visibility, decentralized tracking and tracing of the medical product, avoids counterfeit drugs, avoids the damage to medical components, authentication, reduces the cost, and provides the status of the products during the shipment process between manufacturers to end-user. In this approach, we conduct a series of experiments on a different group of users. The experimental results show that compare to existing approaches our proposed NAIBHSC approach gives better response time that is the average Transaction Per Second (TPS) for a group of 500 users is 100 milliseconds, reduces the latency time that is average latency time for 500 users group has 403 milliseconds, and improves the overall performance of the smart health supply chain management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Nanda
- School of Computer Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Panda
- Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Science and Technology (IcfaiTech), ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - Madhabananda Dash
- School of Computer Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
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Thakur A. A Comprehensive Study of the Trends and Analysis of Distributed Ledger Technology and Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Industry. FRONTIERS IN BLOCKCHAIN 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2022.844834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In today’s scenario, it is essential for the healthcare sector to focus on balancing patient care records with information relevant to completeness, accessibility, and privacy concerns. Advancements in information technology and health infrastructure exponentially bolster transformative changes in the healthcare industry. Incorporation of blockchain along with distributed ledger technology (DLT) owes the potentiality to cater to the interoperability restraints in health IT systems and enables medical researchers, healthcare entities, and healthcare providers to share electronic health data in a secured and well-mannered system. In addition to these, such technologies also propose and offer latest models for health statistics exchange by making the records more secure and efficient. However, successful implementation of blockchain technology and DLT necessitates efficient infrastructure, connectivity, and other factors. Hence, there poses to be several challenges restraining the mainstream usage of blockchain technology in the healthcare sector. The article illustrates different generations of blockchain, issues in healthcare data, and network structures as well as the solutions offered by the sector to cater to such problems. In addition to these, the article also emphasizes on the different application areas of blockchain and DLT in healthcare infrastructure. This article further discusses latest trends and factors driving the need for the incorporation of blockchain and distributed ledger technology in the healthcare sector and the future scenario for the same.
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Rupa C, Midhunchakkaravarthy D, Hasan MK, Alhumyani H, Saeed RA. Industry 5.0: Ethereum blockchain technology based DApp smart contract. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:7010-7027. [PMID: 34517569 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of advanced technologies has increased drastically to maintain any sensitive records related to education, health, or finance. It helps to protect the data from unauthorized access by attackers. However, all the existing advanced technologies face some issues because of their uncertainties. These technologies have some lapses to provide privacy, attack-free, transparency, reliability, and flexibility. These characteristics are essential while managing any sensitive data like educational certificates or medical certificates. Hence, we designed an Industry 5.0 based blockchain application to manage medical certificates using Remix Ethereum blockchain in this paper. This application also employs a distributed application (DApp) that uses a test RPC-based Ethereum blockchain and user expert system as a knowledge agent. The main strength of this work is the maintenance of existing certificates over a blockchain with the creation of new certificates that use logistic Map encryption cipher on existing medical certificates while uploading into the blockchain. This application helps to quickly analyze the birth, death, and sick rate as per certain features like location and year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Rupa
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lincoln University College, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
- Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hesham Alhumyani
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid A Saeed
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Rejeb A, Treiblmaier H, Rejeb K, Zailani S. Blockchain research in healthcare: a bibliometric review and current research trends. JOURNAL OF DATA, INFORMATION AND MANAGEMENT 2021. [PMCID: PMC8019528 DOI: 10.1007/s42488-021-00046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The literature on blockchain-enabled use cases has grown exponentially over recent years. Yet, studies are missing that apply bibliometrics and visualization techniques to unravel the dynamics and current discussions pertaining to the nexus of blockchain technology (BCT) and the healthcare field. To close this knowledge gap, we examine the knowledge base and research hotspots of BCT research in the field of healthcare. We carry out a series of bibliometric analyses on the extant literature, including the scholarly production, developmental pattern of the annual total number of authors, and identification of productive academic institutions, countries, and leading authors. Additionally, we conduct a keyword co-occurrence analysis and identify the major research hotspots and trends for the future. The findings of this research are valuable for scholars and practitioners who seek to better understand the development status, dynamics, and trends pertaining to BCT in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderahman Rejeb
- Doctoral School of Regional Sciences and Business Administration, Széchenyi István University, Győr, 9026 Hungary
| | | | - Karim Rejeb
- Higher Institute of Computer Science El Manar, 2, Rue Abou Raïhan El Bayrouni, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Suhaiza Zailani
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan L, Tivey D, Kopunic H, Babidge W, Langley S, Maddern G. Part 2: Blockchain technology in health care. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:2415-2419. [PMID: 33236489 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blockchain technology is one of the many disruptive technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that will irrevocably change the way we live and work. These technologies are well embedded in the areas of global finance, health care and defence, to name a few. This review focuses on the relevance of blockchain technology to health care. Blockchain technology will be the unifying platform for sharing patient data currently inaccessible due to the siloed architecture of legacy software systems, and as a result potentially be the basis for precision or individualized patient treatment. It will also strengthen digital security of sensitive patient data that is presently a lucrative target for cyber criminals. In the current COVID-19 environment, clinicians will rely more on telehealth to reduce person-to-person contact. This service can be delivered by the clinical team with confidence in the veracity of the patient data made accessible through the blockchain platform. Smart contracts written on the blockchain platform will reduce the possibility of international humanitarian aid to low- and middle-income countries being misspent. The pharmaceutical supply chain industry is adopting blockchain technology to ensure supply chain provenance. Similarly, the health insurance industry recognizes how the blockchain ecosystem can improve services to its members and expedite reimbursements to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorwai Tan
- Research, Audit and Academic Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Tivey
- Research, Audit and Academic Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helena Kopunic
- Research, Audit and Academic Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy Babidge
- Research, Audit and Academic Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally Langley
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Guy Maddern
- Research, Audit and Academic Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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