1
|
Souza LBFC, de Oliveira Bento A, Lourenço EMG, Ferreira MRA, Oliveira WN, Soares LAL, G. Barbosa E, Rocha HAO, Chaves GM. Mechanism of action and synergistic effect of Eugenia uniflora extract in Candida spp. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303878. [PMID: 39137202 PMCID: PMC11321568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited arsenal of antifungal drugs have prompted the search for novel molecules with biological activity. This study aimed to characterize the antifungal mechanism of action of Eugenia uniflora extract and its synergistic activity with commercially available antifungal drugs on the following Candida species: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis. In silico analysis was performed to predict antifungal activity of the major compounds present in the extract. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined in the presence of exogenous ergosterol and sorbitol. Yeast cells were grown in the presence of stressors. The loss of membrane integrity was assessed using propidium iodide staining (fluorescence emission). Synergism between the extract and antifungal compounds (in addition to time kill-curves) was determined. Molecular docking revealed possible interactions between myricitrin and acid gallic and enzymes involved in ergosterol and cell wall biosynthesis. Candida cells grown in the presence of the extract with addition of exogenous ergosterol and sorbitol showed 2 to 8-fold increased MICs. Strains treated with the extract revealed greater loss of membrane integrity when compared to their Fluconazole counterparts, but this effect was less pronounced than the membrane damage caused by Amphotericin B. The extract also made the strains more susceptible to Congo red and Calcofluor white. A synergistic action of the extract with Fluconazole and Micafungin was observed. The E. uniflora extract may be a viable option for the treatment of Candida infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luanda B. F. C. Souza
- Medical and Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Aurélio de Oliveira Bento
- Medical and Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Estela M. G. Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Transformation of Organic Molecules, LP4, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Magda R. A. Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Wogenes N. Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Euzébio G. Barbosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Hugo A. O. Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
- Medical and Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva VBD, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Novais MHG, Farias NS, Coelho JJ, Ribeiro PRV, Canuto KM, Coutinho HDM, Morais-Braga MFB, Oliveira AFMD. Chemical composition, antifungal, and anti-virulence action of the stem bark of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) against Candida spp. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117506. [PMID: 38012976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit and medicinal species used for treating infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. However, its mechanism of action against microbes is still not fully understood. Infections in the genitourinary system caused by Candida spp. are associated with its fungal resistance and pathogenicity. New plant-derived compounds are an alternative to fight these Candida infections. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-Candida effects of extracts of the stem bark of H. speciosa. This research investigated the chemical composition of sulfuric ether (EEHS) and methanolic (MEHS) extracts, their drug-modifying action on fluconazole, and their anti-virulence action on the morphological transition of Candida species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts (EEHS and MEHS) of the stem bark of H. speciosa were chemically characterized via qualitative phytochemical screening and by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-ESI-QTOF). The extracts were evaluated regarding their antifungal effects and fluconazole-modifying activity against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis using the broth microdilution method. Additionally, the study evaluated the inhibition of fungal virulence in Candida species through morphological transition assays. RESULTS The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, aurones, catechins, chalcones, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, leucoanthocyanidins, tannins (condensed and pyrogallic), and xanthones in both extracts of the stem bark of H. speciosa. The UPLC-MS-ESI-QTOF analysis identified the same compounds in both extracts, predominating phenolic compounds. Some compounds were first time recorded in this species: gluconic acid, cinchonain IIb, cinchonain Ib isomer, and lariciresinol hexoside isomers. Most of the intrinsic antifungal activity was observed for the MEHS against C. krusei (IC50: 58.41 μg/mL). At subinhibitory concentrations (MC/8), the EEHS enhanced the action of fluconazole against all Candida strains. The MEHS exhibited greater efficacy than fluconazole inhibiting C. krusei growth. The EEHS completely inhibited hyphae appearance and reduced pseudohyphae formation in C. albicans. CONCLUSION The stem bark of H. speciosa is a rich source of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic. Phenolic compounds can have important roles in fighting infectious diseases of the genitourinary system, such as candidiasis. The extracts of H. speciosa improved the action of the drug fluconazole against Candida species, inhibited hyphae appearance, and reduced pseudohyphae formation. The results of this study can support the development of new therapeutics against resistant strains of Candida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, 50.670-901, Brazil.
| | - José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
- Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Hellena Garcia Novais
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63.105-000, Brazil
| | - Naiza Saraiva Farias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63.105-000, Brazil
| | - Janerson José Coelho
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos Ribeiro
- Multi-User Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory - LMQPN, Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Kirley Marques Canuto
- Multi-User Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory - LMQPN, Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63.105-000, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu J, Zhao L, Cheng Y, Chen Q, Xu Y, Lu Y, Gao J, Lei W, Yan C, Ling Z, Wu S. Exploring the gut mycobiome: differential composition and clinical associations in hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and their comorbidity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1317809. [PMID: 38162661 PMCID: PMC10755858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1317809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose significant global health challenges and often coexist, amplifying cardiovascular risks. Recent attention has turned to the gut mycobiome as a potential factor in their pathophysiology. Our study sought to examine the gut fungal profile in individuals with HTN, CKD, and the concurrent HTN+CKD condition, investigating its connections with serum cytokines, renal function, and blood pressure. Methods and materials We investigated three distinct participant groups: a cohort of 50 healthy controls (HC), 50 individuals diagnosed with HTN-only, and 50 participants suffering from both HTN and CKD (HTN+CKD). To facilitate our research, we gathered fecal and blood samples and conducted a comprehensive analysis of serum cytokines. Moreover, fungal DNA extraction was conducted with meticulous care, followed by sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Results HTN+CKD patients displayed distinctive fungal composition with increased richness and diversity compared to controls. In contrast, HTN-only patients exhibited minimal fungal differences. Specific fungal genera were notably altered in HTN+CKD patients, characterized by increased Apiotrichum and Saccharomyces levels and reduced Candida abundance. Our correlation analyses revealed significant associations between fungal genera and serum cytokines. Moreover, certain fungal taxa, such as Apiotrichum and Saccharomyces, exhibited positive correlations with renal function, while others, including Septoria, Nakaseomyces, and Saccharomyces, were linked to blood pressure, particularly diastolic pressure. Conclusion Gut mycobiome dysbiosis in individuals with comorbid HTN and CKD differs significantly from that observed in HTN-only and healthy controls. The interactions between serum cytokines, renal function, and blood pressure emphasize the potential impact of the fungal microbiome on these conditions. Additional research is required to clarify the underlying mechanisms and identify therapeutic opportunities associated with mycobiome dysbiosis in HTN and CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qiu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoxia Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingfeng Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Lei
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengmin Yan
- Department of Intensive Unit, Hangzhou Jiaye Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejing, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sztafrowski D, Muraszko J, Jasiura A, Bryk P, Urbanek AK, Krasowska A. The alternating 50 Hz magnetic field depending on the hydrophobicity of the strain affects the viability, filamentation and sensitivity to drugs of Candida albicans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291438. [PMID: 37796949 PMCID: PMC10553255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, Candida albicans have been the main etiological agent of life-threatening invasive infections, characterized by various mechanisms of resistance to commonly used antifungals. One of the strategies to fight Candida infections may be the use of an electromagnetic field. In this study, we examined the influence of the alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz on the cells of C. albicans. We checked the impact of the alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz on the viability, filamentation and sensitivity to fluconazole and amphotericin B of two, differing in hydrophobicity, strains of C. albicans, CAF2-1 and CAF 4-2. Our results indicate that using the alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz reduces the growth of C. albicans. Interestingly, it presents a stronger effect on the hydrophobic strain CAF4-2 than on the hydrophilic CAF2-1. The applied electromagnetic field also affects the permeabilization of the cell membrane. However, it does not inhibit the transformation from yeast to hyphal forms. AMF is more effective in combination with fluconazole rather than amphotericin B. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that the application of the alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz in antifungal therapy may arise as a new option to support the treatment of Candida infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Sztafrowski
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Muraszko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Jasiura
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bryk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aneta K. Urbanek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu X, Wang H, Yu B, Yu J, Lu H, Sun J, Sun Y, Zou Y, Luo H, Zeng Z, Liu S, Jiang Y, Wu Z, Ren Z. Oral Fungal Alterations in Patients with COVID-19 and Recovered Patients. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205058. [PMID: 37119437 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The oral bacteriome, gut bacteriome, and gut mycobiome are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the oral fungal microbiota in COVID-19 remains unclear. This article aims to characterize the oral mycobiome in COVID-19 and recovered patients. Tongue coating specimens of 71 COVID-19 patients, 36 suspected cases (SCs), 22 recovered COVID-19 patients, 36 SCs who recovered, and 132 controls from Henan are collected and analyzed using internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The richness of oral fungi is increased in COVID-19 versus controls, and beta diversity analysis reveals separate fungal communities for COVID-19 and control. The ratio of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is higher in COVID-19, and the opportunistic pathogens, including the genera Candida, Saccharomyces, and Simplicillium, are increased in COVID-19. The classifier based on two fungal biomarkers is constructed and can distinguish COVID-19 patients from controls in the training, testing, and independent cohorts. Importantly, the classifier successfully diagnoses SCs with positive specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibodies as COVID-19 patients. The correlation between distinct fungi and bacteria in COVID-19 and control groups is depicted.. These data suggest that the oral mycobiome may play a role in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 455004, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangshan County People's Hospital, Guangshan County, Xinyang, Henan, 465450, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangshan County People's Hospital, Guangshan County, Xinyang, Henan, 465450, P. R. China
| | - Shanshuo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bogdanov IV, Fateeva SI, Voropaev AD, Ovchinnikova TV, Finkina EI. Immunomodulatory Effects of the Pea Defensin Psd1 in the Caco-2/Immune Cells Co-Culture upon Candida albicans Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7712. [PMID: 37175419 PMCID: PMC10178127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal diseases that can pose a threat to life in immunodeficient individuals, particularly in its disseminated form. Not only fungal invasion but also fatal infection-related inflammation are common causes of systemic candidiasis. In this study, we investigated in vitro immunomodulatory properties of the antifungal pea defensin Psd1 upon Candida albicans infection. Using the real-time PCR, we showed that Psd1 inhibited the antimicrobial peptide HBD-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-8 downregulation at mRNA level in epithelium cells caused by C. albicans infection. By using the Caco-2/immune cells co-culture upon C. albicans infection and the multiplex xMAP assay, we demonstrated that this pathogenic fungus induced a pronounced host defense response; however, the cytokine responses were different in the presence of dendritic cells or monocytes. We revealed that Psd1 at a low concentration (2 µM) had a pronounced immunomodulatory effect on the Caco-2/immune cells co-culture upon fungal infection. Thus, we hypothesized that the pea defensin Psd1 might be an effective agent in the treatment of candidiasis not only due to its antifungal activity, but also owing to its ability to modulate a protective immune response upon infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Serafima I. Fateeva
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Voropaev
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Admiral Makarov St. 10, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang M, Li R, Zhou Y, Xie R, Ma J, Liu H, Qin Y, Zhao M, Duan N, Ye P, Wang W, Wang X. The Promotional Effect of GW4869 on C. albicans Invasion and Cellular Damage in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121522. [PMID: 36558856 PMCID: PMC9781529 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is one of the most common fungi in the human body; it is an opportunistic pathogen and can cause candidiasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the host cells have a potentially protective effect against pathogens and can be developed as vaccine formulations. GW4869 can inhibit the production and release of EVs. Previous studies have indicated that GW4869 can alter the immune and inflammatory responses of the host. However, the effect of GW4869 on Candida infection and the anti-Candida response of the host has not been investigated. We evaluated the effect of GW4869 on C. albicans invasion, biofilm formation, and cellular damage in a murine model of oral candidiasis. In this study, C. albicans-infected mice were injected with or without GW4869. The results proven by macroscopic, microscopic, and ultramicroscopic methods showed that GW4869 treatment exacerbated the oral candidiasis of mice, promoted C. albicans invasion and biofilm formation, and aggravated oral mucosal inflammation and cellular ultrastructural damage. The results are beneficial in the further exploration of the immune mechanism of C. albicans infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pei Ye
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Finkina EI, Bogdanov IV, Ignatova AA, Kanushkina MD, Egorova EA, Voropaev AD, Stukacheva EA, Ovchinnikova TV. Antifungal Activity, Structural Stability, and Immunomodulatory Effects on Human Immune Cells of Defensin from the Lentil Lens culinaris. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12090855. [PMID: 36135874 PMCID: PMC9503459 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the frequency of mycoses and spreading of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens necessitates the search for new antifungal agents. Earlier, we isolated the novel defensin from lentil Lensculinaris seeds, designated as Lc-def, which inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we studied an antifungal activity of Lc-def against human pathogenic Candida species, structural stability of the defensin, and its immunomodulatory effects that may help to prevent fungal infection. We showed that Lc-def caused 50% growth inhibition of clinical isolates of Candida albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata at concentrations of 25-50 μM, but was not toxic to different human cells. The lentil defensin was resistant to proteolysis by C. albicans and was not cleaved during simulated gastroduodenal digestion. By using the multiplex xMAP assay, we showed for the first time for plant defensins that Lc-def increased the production of such essential for immunity to candidiasis pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-12 and IL-17 at the concentration of 2 μM. Thus, we hypothesized that the lentil Lc-def and plant defensins in general may be effective in suppressing of mucocutaneous candidiasis due to their antifungal activity, high structural stability, and ability to activate a protective immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Ignatova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D. Kanushkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Egorova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Admiral Makarov St. 10, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Voropaev
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Admiral Makarov St. 10, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Stukacheva
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie Y, Zhou X, Zhang J, Yu H, Song Z. Immunomodulatory responses of differentially polarized macrophages to fungal infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109089. [PMID: 35964406 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the first line of defense against invasive fungi in the innate immune system, are widely distributed in the blood and tissues of the body. In response to various internal and external stimulators, macrophages can polarize into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). These two types of polarized macrophages play different roles in antifungal activity and in maintaining the steady-state balance between inflammation and tissue repair. However, the antifungal mechanisms of M1- and M2-type macrophages have not been fully described. In this review, the immune regulatory mechanisms against pathogenic fungi of these two classical types of macrophages in various tissues are summarized. The effects of antifungal factors on macrophage differentiation are also highlighted. The description of these data, on the one hand provides valuable insight for future investigations and also highlights new strategies for the treatment of pathogenic fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Jinping Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China; The Public Platform of Molecular Biotechnology, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China; The Public Platform of Cell Biotechnology, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China; The Public Platform of Molecular Biotechnology, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|