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Aslam Khan MU, Aslam MA, Bin Abdullah MF, Stojanović GM. Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5082-5106. [PMID: 39007509 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In view of their exceptional approach, excellent inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties, and interaction with the local extracellular matrix, protein-based polymers have received attention in bone tissue engineering, which is a multidisciplinary field that repairs and regenerates fractured bones. Bone is a multihierarchical complex structure, and it performs several essential biofunctions, including maintaining mineral balance and structural support and protecting soft organs. Protein-based polymers have gained interest in developing ideal scaffolds as emerging biomaterials for bone fractured healing and regeneration, and it is challenging to design ideal bone substitutes as perfect biomaterials. Several protein-based polymers, including collagen, keratin, gelatin, serum albumin, etc., are potential materials due to their inherent cytocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, high biofunctionalization, and tunable mechanical characteristics. While numerous studies have indicated the encouraging possibilities of proteins in BTE, there are still major challenges concerning their biodegradability, stability in physiological conditions, and continuous release of growth factors and bioactive molecules. Robust scaffolds derived from proteins can be used to replace broken or diseased bone with a biocompatible substitute; proteins, being biopolymers, provide excellent scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Herein, recent developments in protein polymers for cutting-edge bone tissue engineering are addressed in this review within 3-5 years, with a focus on the significant challenges and future perspectives. The first section discusses the structural fundamentals of bone anatomy and ideal scaffolds, and the second section describes the fabrication techniques of scaffolds. The third section highlights the importance of proteins and their applications in BTE. Hence, the recent development of protein polymers for state-of-the-art bone tissue engineering has been discussed, highlighting the significant challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Azhar Aslam
- Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 39161, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Faizal Bin Abdullah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Goran M Stojanović
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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de Araújo PPB, Martinez EF, Garcez AS, de Castro Raucci LMS, Soares AB, de Araújo VC, Teixeira LN. Effects of photobiomodulation on different phases of in vitro osteogenesis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1565-1571. [PMID: 39060841 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) on different stages of osteogenesis in vitro. For this, osteoblastic-like cells (Saos-2 cell lineage) were irradiated in two different periods: during the Proliferation phase (PP; from the second to the fourth day) and during the Differentiation phase (DP; from the seventh to the ninth day). The energy density used in the study was 1.5 J/ cm2. The following parameters were evaluated: 1) quantification of collagen type 1 (COL 1), osteopontin (OPN), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2); 2) quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; and 3) quantification of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Non-irradiated cultures were used as controls. The data were analyzed using the Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA, considering a significance level of 5%. The results indicated that COL 1 and BMP-2 quantification was higher in Saos-2 irradiated during the DP in relation to the control group at day 10 (p < 0.05). No differences were observed for other comparisons at this time point (p > 0.05). OPN expression was greater in PP compared with the other experimental groups at day 10 (p < 0.05). Irradiation did not affect ALP activity in Saos-2 regardless of the exposure phase and the time point evaluated (p > 0.05). At day 14, ECM mineralization was higher in Saos-2 cultures irradiated during the DP in relation to the PP (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggested that the effects of PBM on osteoblastic cells may be influenced by the stage of cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo Silva Garcez
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | | | - Andresa Borges Soares
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Vera Cavalcanti de Araújo
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Lucas Novaes Teixeira
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil.
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Ewedah TM, Abdalla A, Hagag RS, Elhabal SF, Teaima MH, El-Nabarawi MA, Schlatter G, Shoueir KR. Enhancing cellular affinity for skin disorders: Electrospun polyurethane/collagen nanofiber mats coated with phytoceramides. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124541. [PMID: 39089344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Although the use of thermoplastic polyurethane (Tpu) nanofiber mats as wound dressings is of great interest due to their mechanical properties, they are hindered by their poor wettability and bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to improve the cellular affinity of Tpu nanofiber mats for skin disorders by incorporating extracted collagen (Col) from tendons and physically mixed with a layer of phytoceramides (Phyto) to produce TpuCol@X-Phyto mats in which the weight % of Phyto relatively to the weight of the solution was X = 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 wt% via facile electrospinning approach. The collective observations strongly indicate the successful incorporation and retention of Phyto within the TpuCol architecture. An increase in the Phyto concentration decreased the water contact angle from 69.4° ± 3.47° to 57.9° ± 2.89°, demonstrating improvement in the hydrophilicity of Tpu and binary blend TpuCol nanofiber mats. The mechanical property of 1.0 wt% Phyto aligns with practical requirements owing to the presence of two hydroxyl groups and the amide linkage likely contributing to various hydrogen bonds, providing mechanical strength to the channel structure and a degree of rigidity essential for transmitting mechanical stress. The proliferation of human skin fibroblast (HSF) peaked significantly 100 % with TpuCol@X-Phyto mats coated for X =1.0 and 1.5 wt% of Phyto. Electrospun scaffolds with the highest Phyto content have shown the lowest degree of hemolysis, demonstrating the high level of compatibility between them and blood. The TpuCol@1.5Phyto mat also demonstrated higher efficacy in antibacterial and antioxidant activities, achieving a rate of DPPH radical scavenging of 83.3 % for this latter property. The most notable wound closure among all tested formulations was attributed to higher Phyto. Thus, the developed TpuCol@1.5Phyto nanofiber formula exhibited enhanced healing in an in vitro epidermal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassneim M Ewedah
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdalla
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt.
| | - Radwa Samir Hagag
- Lecturer at Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sammar Fathy Elhabal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Guy Schlatter
- ICPEES, Institut de Chimie et Procédé pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, CNRS, UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Kamel R Shoueir
- ICPEES, Institut de Chimie et Procédé pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, CNRS, UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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Ding S, Chen Y, Huang C, Song L, Liang Z, Wei B. Perception and response of skeleton to mechanical stress. Phys Life Rev 2024; 49:77-94. [PMID: 38564907 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stress stands as a fundamental factor in the intricate processes governing the growth, development, morphological shaping, and maintenance of skeletal mass. The profound influence of stress in shaping the skeletal framework prompts the assertion that stress essentially births the skeleton. Despite this acknowledgment, the mechanisms by which the skeleton perceives and responds to mechanical stress remain enigmatic. In this comprehensive review, our scrutiny focuses on the structural composition and characteristics of sclerotin, leading us to posit that it serves as the primary structure within the skeleton responsible for bearing and perceiving mechanical stress. Furthermore, we propose that osteocytes within the sclerotin emerge as the principal mechanical-sensitive cells, finely attuned to perceive mechanical stress. And a detailed analysis was conducted on the possible transmission pathways of mechanical stress from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Ding
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yiren Chen
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Chengshuo Huang
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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Pei X, Luo Y, Zeng H, Jamil M, Liu X, Jiang B. Identification and validation of key genes in gastric cancer: insights from in silico analysis, clinical samples, and functional assays. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10615-10635. [PMID: 38913913 PMCID: PMC11236316 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The underlying mechanisms of gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we employed a comprehensive approach, combining computational and experimental methods, to identify potential key genes and unveil the underlying pathogenesis and prognosis of GC. METHODS Gene expression profiles from GEO databases (GSE118916, GSE79973, and GSE29272) were analyzed to identify DEGs between GC and normal tissues. A PPI network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape, followed by hub gene identification with CytoHubba. Investigations included expression and promoter methylation analysis, survival modeling, mutational and miRNA analysis, gene enrichment, drug prediction, and in vitro assays for cellular behaviors. RESULTS A total of 83 DEGs were identified in the three datasets, comprising 41 up-regulated genes and 42 down-regulated genes. Utilizing the degree and MCC methods, we identified four hub genes that were hypomethylated and up-regulated: COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and FN1. Subsequent validation of their expression and promoter methylation on clinical GC samples through targeted bisulfite sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis further confirmed the hypomethylation and overexpression of these genes in local GC patients. Furthermore, it was observed that these hub genes regulate tumor proliferation and metastasis in in vivo and exhibited mutations in GC patients. CONCLUSION We found four potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and FN1 that may be involved in the occurrence and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Pei
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yuanling Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Huanwen Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- PARC Arid Zone Research Center, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 922 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Mienaltowski MJ, Callahan M, Gonzales NL, Wong A. Examining the Potential of Vitamin C Supplementation in Tissue-Engineered Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Constructs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17098. [PMID: 38069418 PMCID: PMC10707379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because equine tendinopathies are slow to heal and often recur, therapeutic strategies are being considered that aid tendon repair. Given the success of utilizing vitamin C to promote tenogenesis in other species, we hypothesized that vitamin C supplementation would produce dose-dependent improvements in the tenogenic properties of tendon proper (TP) and peritenon (PERI) cells of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). Equine TP- and PERI-progenitor-cell-seeded fibrin three-dimensional constructs were supplemented with four concentrations of vitamin C. The gene expression profiles of the constructs were assessed with 3'-Tag-Seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); collagen content and fibril ultrastructure were also analyzed. Moreover, cells were challenged with dexamethasone to determine the levels of cytoprotection afforded by vitamin C. Expression profiling demonstrated that vitamin C had an anti-inflammatory effect on TP and PERI cell constructs. Moreover, vitamin C supplementation mitigated the degenerative pathways seen in tendinopathy and increased collagen content in tendon constructs. When challenged with dexamethasone in two-dimensional culture, vitamin C had a cytoprotective effect for TP cells but not necessarily for PERI cells. Future studies will explore the effects of vitamin C on these cells during inflammation and within the tendon niche in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Mienaltowski
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mitchell Callahan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nicole L. Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Angelique Wong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Añazco C, Ojeda PG, Guerrero-Wyss M. Common Beans as a Source of Amino Acids and Cofactors for Collagen Biosynthesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4561. [PMID: 37960212 PMCID: PMC10649776 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely consumed in diets all over the world and have a significant impact on human health. Proteins, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and other micro- and macronutrients are abundant in these legumes. On the other hand, collagens, the most important constituent of extracellular matrices, account for approximately 25-30 percent of the overall total protein composition within the human body. Hence, the presence of amino acids and other dietary components, including glycine, proline, and lysine, which are constituents of the primary structure of the protein, is required for collagen formation. In this particular context, protein quality is associated with the availability of macronutrients such as the essential amino acid lysine, which can be acquired from meals containing beans. Lysine plays a critical role in the process of post-translational modifications facilitated with enzymes lysyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase, which are directly involved in the synthesis and maturation of collagens. Furthermore, collagen biogenesis is influenced by the cellular redox state, which includes important minerals and bioactive chemicals such as iron, copper, and certain quinone cofactors. This study provides a novel perspective on the significant macro- and micronutrients present in Phaseolus vulgaris L., as well as explores the potential application of amino acids and cofactors derived from this legume in the production of collagens and bioavailability. The utilization of macro- and micronutrients obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a protein source, minerals, and natural bioactive compounds could optimize the capacity to promote the development and durability of collagen macromolecules within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Añazco
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos #1190, Valdivia 5110773, Chile
| | - Paola G. Ojeda
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Marion Guerrero-Wyss
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos #1190, Valdivia 5110773, Chile
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Tsai SL, Villaseñor S, Shah RR, Galloway JL. Endogenous tenocyte activation underlies the regenerative capacity of the adult zebrafish tendon. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:52. [PMID: 37726307 PMCID: PMC10509205 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are essential, frequently injured connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone. Their unique highly ordered, matrix-rich structure is critical for proper function. While adult mammalian tendons heal after acute injuries, endogenous tendon cells, or tenocytes, fail to respond appropriately, resulting in the formation of disorganized fibrovascular scar tissue with impaired function and increased propensity for re-injury. Here, we show that, unlike mammals, adult zebrafish tenocytes activate upon injury and fully regenerate the tendon. Using a full tear injury model in the adult zebrafish craniofacial tendon, we defined the hallmark stages and cellular basis of tendon regeneration through multiphoton imaging, lineage tracing, and transmission electron microscopy approaches. Remarkably, we observe that zebrafish tendons regenerate and restore normal collagen matrix ultrastructure by 6 months post-injury (mpi). Tendon regeneration progresses in three main phases: inflammation within 24 h post-injury (hpi), cellular proliferation and formation of a cellular bridge between the severed tendon ends at 3-5 days post-injury (dpi), and re-differentiation and matrix remodeling beginning from 5 dpi to 6 mpi. Importantly, we demonstrate that pre-existing tenocytes are the main cellular source of regeneration, proliferating and migrating upon injury to ultimately bridge the tendon ends. Finally, we show that TGF-β signaling is required for tenocyte recruitment and bridge formation. Collectively, our work debuts and aptly positions the adult zebrafish tendon as an invaluable comparative system to elucidate regenerative mechanisms that may inspire new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Tsai
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffany Villaseñor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rishita R Shah
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Extracellular Matrix Proteomics: The mdx-4cv Mouse Diaphragm as a Surrogate for Studying Myofibrosis in Dystrophinopathy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1108. [PMID: 37509144 PMCID: PMC10377647 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive degeneration of the skeletal musculature in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is accompanied by reactive myofibrosis, fat substitution, and chronic inflammation. Fibrotic changes and reduced tissue elasticity correlate with the loss in motor function in this X-chromosomal disorder. Thus, although dystrophinopathies are due to primary abnormalities in the DMD gene causing the almost-complete absence of the cytoskeletal Dp427-M isoform of dystrophin in voluntary muscles, the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins presents a key histopathological hallmark of muscular dystrophy. Animal model research has been instrumental in the characterization of dystrophic muscles and has contributed to a better understanding of the complex pathogenesis of dystrophinopathies, the discovery of new disease biomarkers, and the testing of novel therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review how mass-spectrometry-based proteomics can be used to study changes in key components of the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium, such as collagens, proteoglycans, matricellular proteins, and adhesion receptors. The mdx-4cv mouse diaphragm displays severe myofibrosis, making it an ideal model system for large-scale surveys of systematic alterations in the matrisome of dystrophic fibers. Novel biomarkers of myofibrosis can now be tested for their appropriateness in the preclinical and clinical setting as diagnostic, pharmacodynamic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic monitoring indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, D53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Añazco C, Riedelsberger J, Vega-Montoto L, Rojas A. Exploring the Interplay between Polyphenols and Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes for Maintaining Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10985. [PMID: 37446164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen, the most abundant structural protein found in mammals, plays a vital role as a constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds cells. Collagen fibrils are strengthened through the formation of covalent cross-links, which involve complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is responsible for catalyzing the oxidative deamination of lysine and hydroxylysine residues, resulting in the production of aldehydes, allysine, and hydroxyallysine. These intermediates undergo spontaneous condensation reactions, leading to the formation of immature cross-links, which are the initial step in the development of mature covalent cross-links. Additionally, non-enzymatic glycation contributes to the formation of abnormal cross-linking in collagen fibrils. During glycation, specific lysine and arginine residues in collagen are modified by reducing sugars, leading to the creation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). These AGEs have been associated with changes in the mechanical properties of collagen fibers. Interestingly, various studies have reported that plant polyphenols possess amine oxidase-like activity and can act as potent inhibitors of protein glycation. This review article focuses on compiling the literature describing polyphenols with amine oxidase-like activity and antiglycation properties. Specifically, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which specific flavonoids impact or protect the normal collagen cross-linking process. Furthermore, we discuss how these dual activities can be harnessed to generate properly cross-linked collagen molecules, thereby promoting the stabilization of highly organized collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Añazco
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos #1190, Valdivia 5110773, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Lorenzo Vega-Montoto
- Chemical and Radiation Measurement, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), 1705 N. Yellowstone Hwy, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
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12
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Pechanec MY, Beall JM, Katzman S, Maga EA, Mienaltowski MJ. Examining the Effects of In Vitro Co-Culture of Equine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Tendon Proper and Peritenon Cells. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104262. [PMID: 36841345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathies remain the leading contributor to career-ending injuries in horses because of the complexity of tendon repair. As such, cell-based therapies like injections of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs, or MSCs) into injured tendons are becoming increasingly popular though their long-term efficacy on a molecular and wholistic level remains contentious. Thus, we co-cultured equine MSCs with intrinsic (tendon proper) and extrinsic (peritenon) tendon cell populations to examine interactions between these cells. Gene expression for common tenogenic, perivascular, and differentiation markers was quantified at 48 and 120 hours. Additionally, cellular metabolism of proliferation was examined every 24 hours for peritenon and tendon proper cells co-cultured with MSCs. MSCs co-cultured with tendon proper or peritenon cells had altered expression profiles demonstrating trend toward tenogenic phenotype with the exception of decreases in type I collagen (COL1A1). Peritenon cells co-cultured with MSCs had a trending and significant decrease in biglycan (BGN) and CSPG4 at 48 hours and 120 hours but overall significant increases in lysyl oxidase (LOX), mohawk (MKX), and scleraxis (SCX) within 48 hours. Tendon proper cells co-cultured with MSCs also exhibited increases in LOX and SCX at 48 hours. Furthermore, cell proliferation improved overall for tendon proper cells co-cultured with MSCs. The co-culture study results suggest that adipose-derived MSCs contribute beneficially to tenogenic stimulation of peritenon or tendon proper cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Pechanec
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jessica M Beall
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Scott Katzman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Elizabeth A Maga
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
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13
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Tan Q, Chen B, Wu C, Shao T. Exploring the potential nutritional role of bioflavonoids in exercise rehabilitation: a kinematic perspective. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1221800. [PMID: 37457973 PMCID: PMC10347382 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyin Tan
- College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bochao Chen
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuicui Wu
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyi Shao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Ouyang Z, Dong L, Yao F, Wang K, Chen Y, Li S, Zhou R, Zhao Y, Hu W. Cartilage-Related Collagens in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9841. [PMID: 37372989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagens serve essential mechanical functions throughout the body, particularly in the connective tissues. In articular cartilage, collagens provide most of the biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix essential for its function. Collagen plays a very important role in maintaining the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and the stability of the ECM. Noteworthily, many pathogenic factors in the course of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, such as mechanical injury, inflammation, and senescence, are involved in the irreversible degradation of collagen, leading to the progressive destruction of cartilage. The degradation of collagen can generate new biochemical markers with the ability to monitor disease progression and facilitate drug development. In addition, collagen can also be used as a biomaterial with excellent properties such as low immunogenicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. This review not only provides a systematic description of collagen and analyzes the structural characteristics of articular cartilage and the mechanisms of cartilage damage in disease states but also provides a detailed characterization of the biomarkers of collagen production and the role of collagen in cartilage repair, providing ideas and techniques for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
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15
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Zhao YQ, Deng XW, Xu GQ, Lin J, Lu HZ, Chen J. Mechanical homeostasis imbalance in hepatic stellate cells activation and hepatic fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1183808. [PMID: 37152902 PMCID: PMC10157180 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1183808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease or repeated damage to hepatocytes can give rise to hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological process of excessive sedimentation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (PGs) in the hepatic parenchyma. Changes in the composition of the ECM lead to the stiffness of the matrix that destroys its inherent mechanical homeostasis, and a mechanical homeostasis imbalance activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts, which can overproliferate and secrete large amounts of ECM proteins. Excessive ECM proteins are gradually deposited in the Disse gap, and matrix regeneration fails, which further leads to changes in ECM components and an increase in stiffness, forming a vicious cycle. These processes promote the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. In this review, the dynamic process of ECM remodeling of HF and the activation of HSCs into mechanotransduction signaling pathways for myofibroblasts to participate in HF are discussed. These mechanotransduction signaling pathways may have potential therapeutic targets for repairing or reversing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Quan Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xi-Wen Deng
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Guo-Qi Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hua-Ze Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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16
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Dzobo K, Dandara C. The Extracellular Matrix: Its Composition, Function, Remodeling, and Role in Tumorigenesis. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:146. [PMID: 37092398 PMCID: PMC10123695 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a ubiquitous member of the body and is key to the maintenance of tissue and organ integrity. Initially thought to be a bystander in many cellular processes, the extracellular matrix has been shown to have diverse components that regulate and activate many cellular processes and ultimately influence cell phenotype. Importantly, the ECM's composition, architecture, and stiffness/elasticity influence cellular phenotypes. Under normal conditions and during development, the synthesized ECM constantly undergoes degradation and remodeling processes via the action of matrix proteases that maintain tissue homeostasis. In many pathological conditions including fibrosis and cancer, ECM synthesis, remodeling, and degradation is dysregulated, causing its integrity to be altered. Both physical and chemical cues from the ECM are sensed via receptors including integrins and play key roles in driving cellular proliferation and differentiation and in the progression of various diseases such as cancers. Advances in 'omics' technologies have seen an increase in studies focusing on bidirectional cell-matrix interactions, and here, we highlight the emerging knowledge on the role played by the ECM during normal development and in pathological conditions. This review summarizes current ECM-targeted therapies that can modify ECM tumors to overcome drug resistance and better cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- Medical Research Council, SA Wound Healing Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- The South African Medical Research Council-UCT Platform for Pharmacogenomics Research and Translation, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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17
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Tsai SL, Villasenor S, Shah R, Galloway JL. Endogenous Tenocyte Activation Underlies the Regenerative Capacity of Adult Zebrafish Tendon. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.04.527141. [PMID: 36778338 PMCID: PMC9915736 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.04.527141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are essential, frequently injured connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone. Their unique highly ordered, matrix-rich structure is critical for proper function. While adult mammalian tendons heal after acute injuries, endogenous tendon cells, or tenocytes, fail to respond appropriately, resulting in the formation of disorganized fibrovascular scar tissue with impaired function and increased propensity for re-injury. Here, we show that unlike mammals, adult zebrafish tenocytes activate upon injury and fully regenerate the tendon. Using a full tear injury model in the adult zebrafish craniofacial tendon, we defined the hallmark stages and cellular basis of tendon regeneration through multiphoton imaging, lineage tracing, and transmission electron microscopy approaches. Remarkably, we observe that the zebrafish tendon can regenerate and restore normal collagen matrix ultrastructure by 6 months post-injury (mpi). We show that tendon regeneration progresses in three main phases: inflammation within 24 hours post-injury (hpi), cellular proliferation and formation of a cellular bridge between the severed tendon ends at 3-5 days post-injury (dpi), and re-differentiation and matrix remodeling beginning from 5 dpi to 6 mpi. Importantly, we demonstrate that pre-existing tenocytes are the main cellular source of regeneration. Collectively, our work debuts the zebrafish tendon as one of the only reported adult tendon regenerative models and positions it as an invaluable comparative system to identify regenerative mechanisms that may inspire new tendon injury treatments in the clinic.
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18
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Wei X, Hou Y, Long M, Jiang L, Du Y. Advances in energy metabolism in renal fibrosis. Life Sci 2022; 312:121033. [PMID: 36270427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway toward chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is the main pathological predecessor for end-stage renal disease; thus, preventing progressive CKD and renal fibrosis is essential to reducing their consequential morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence has connected renal fibrosis to metabolic reprogramming; abnormalities in energy metabolism pathways, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism, are known to cause diseases of diverse etiologies. Cytokine interventions in affected metabolic pathways may significantly reduce the degree of fibrosis, highlighting therapeutic targets for drug development for renal fibrosis. Here, we discuss the relationship between glycolysis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial and peroxisome dysfunction, and renal fibrosis in detail and propose that targeted therapies for specific metabolic pathways are expected to represent the next generation of treatments for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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19
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Lv F, Cai X, Ji L. An Update on Animal Models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:345-366. [PMID: 35767009 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by bone fragility, multiple fractures, bone deformity, and short stature. In recent years, the application of next generation sequencing has triggered the discovery of many new genetic causes for OI. Until now, more than 25 genetic causes of OI and closely related disorders have been identified. However, the mechanisms of many genes on skeletal fragility in OI are not entirely clear. Animal models of OI could help to understand the cellular, signaling, and metabolic mechanisms contributing to the disease, and how targeting these pathways can provide therapeutic targets. To date, a lot of animal models, mainly mice and zebrafish, have been described with defects in 19 OI-associated genes. In this review, we summarize the known genetic causes and animal models that recapitulate OI with a main focus on engineered mouse and zebrafish models. Additionally, we briefly discuss domestic animals with naturally occurring OI phenotypes. Knowledge of the specific molecular basis of OI will advance clinical diagnosis and potentially stimulate targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No.11, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No.11, Beijing, 100044, China.
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20
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A Biosurfactant-containing TSD Strategy to Modify Bovine Pericardial Bioprosthetic Valves for Anticalcification. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Clayton DR, Ruiz WG, Dalghi MG, Montalbetti N, Carattino MD, Apodaca G. Studies of ultrastructure, gene expression, and marker analysis reveal that mouse bladder PDGFRA + interstitial cells are fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F299-F321. [PMID: 35834272 PMCID: PMC9394772 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00135.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are crucial to normal and abnormal organ and tissue biology, yet we lack basic insights into the fibroblasts that populate the bladder wall. Candidates may include bladder interstitial cells (also referred to as myofibroblasts, telocytes, and interstitial cells of Cajal-like cells), which express the fibroblast-associated marker PDGFRA along with VIM and CD34 but whose form and function remain enigmatic. By applying the latest insights in fibroblast transcriptomics, coupled with studies of gene expression, ultrastructure, and marker analysis, we observe the following: 1) that mouse bladder PDGFRA+ cells exhibit all of the ultrastructural hallmarks of fibroblasts including spindle shape, lack of basement membrane, abundant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and formation of homotypic cell-cell contacts (but not heterotypic ones); 2) that they express multiple canonical fibroblast markers (including Col1a2, CD34, LY6A, and PDGFRA) along with the universal fibroblast genes Col15a1 and Pi16 but they do not express Kit; and 3) that PDGFRA+ fibroblasts include suburothelial ones (which express ACTA2, CAR3, LY6A, MYH10, TNC, VIM, Col1a2, and Col15a1), outer lamina propria ones (which express CD34, LY6A, PI16, VIM, Col1a2, Col15a1, and Pi16), intermuscular ones (which express CD34, VIM, Col1a2, Col15a1, and Pi16), and serosal ones (which express CD34, PI16, VIM, Col1a2, Col15a1, and Pi16). Collectively, our study revealed that the ultrastructure of PDFRA+ interstitial cells combined with their expression of multiple canonical and universal fibroblast-associated gene products indicates that they are fibroblasts. We further propose that there are four regionally distinct populations of fibroblasts in the bladder wall, which likely contribute to bladder function and dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We currently lack basic insights into the fibroblasts that populate the bladder wall. By exploring the ultrastructure of mouse bladder connective tissue cells, combined with analyses of their gene and protein expression, our study revealed that PDGRA+ interstitial cells (also referred to as myofibroblasts, telocytes, and interstitial cells of Cajal-like cells) are fibroblasts and that the bladder wall contains multiple, regionally distinct populations of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Clayton
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wily G Ruiz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marianela G Dalghi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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S S, Dahal S, Bastola S, Dayal S, Yau J, Ramamurthi A. Stem Cell Based Approaches to Modulate the Matrix Milieu in Vascular Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879977. [PMID: 35783852 PMCID: PMC9242410 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex and dynamic framework for cells, characterized by tissue-specific biophysical, mechanical, and biochemical properties. ECM components in vascular tissues provide structural support to vascular cells and modulate their function through interaction with specific cell-surface receptors. ECM–cell interactions, together with neurotransmitters, cytokines, hormones and mechanical forces imposed by blood flow, modulate the structural organization of the vascular wall. Changes in the ECM microenvironment, as in post-injury degradation or remodeling, lead to both altered tissue function and exacerbation of vascular pathologies. Regeneration and repair of the ECM are thus critical toward reinstating vascular homeostasis. The self-renewal and transdifferentiating potential of stem cells (SCs) into other cell lineages represents a potentially useful approach in regenerative medicine, and SC-based approaches hold great promise in the development of novel therapeutics toward ECM repair. Certain adult SCs, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess a broader plasticity and differentiation potential, and thus represent a viable option for SC-based therapeutics. However, there are significant challenges to SC therapies including, but not limited to cell processing and scaleup, quality control, phenotypic integrity in a disease milieu in vivo, and inefficient delivery to the site of tissue injury. SC-derived or -inspired strategies as a putative surrogate for conventional cell therapy are thus gaining momentum. In this article, we review current knowledge on the patho-mechanistic roles of ECM components in common vascular disorders and the prospects of developing adult SC based/inspired therapies to modulate the vascular tissue environment and reinstate vessel homeostasis in these disorders.
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23
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Tang F, Brune JE, Chang MY, Reeves SR, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Defining the Versican Interactome in Lung Health and Disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C249-C276. [PMID: 35649251 PMCID: PMC9291419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) imparts critical mechanical and biochemical information to cells in the lungs. Proteoglycans are essential constituents of the ECM and play a crucial role in controlling numerous biological processes, including regulating cellular phenotype and function. Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan required for embryonic development, is almost absent from mature, healthy lungs and is re-expressed and accumulates in acute and chronic lung disease. Studies using genetically engineered mice show that the versican-enriched matrix can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the cellular source or disease process studied. The mechanisms whereby versican develops a contextual ECM remain largely unknown. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview of the interaction of versican with its many binding partners, the "versican interactome," and how through these interactions, versican is an integrator of complex extracellular information. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will be used to develop future studies to determine how versican and its binding partners can develop contextual ECMs that control select biological processes. While this review focuses on versican and the lungs, what is described can be extended to other proteoglycans, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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