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Zhang J, Lu E, Deng L, Zhu Y, Lu X, Li X, Li F, Yan Y, Han JY, Li Y, Zhang Y. Immunological roles for resistin and related adipokines in obesity-associated tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:112911. [PMID: 39232363 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Rationale Obesity is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of tumors. Obesity is influenced by signaling of adipokines, which are secreted factors from adipocytes and resident immune cells within adipose tissues that mediate lipid metabolism. More recently, adipokines have been implicated in chronic inflammation as well as in tumor formation and growth. Among them, resistin has received increasing attention in research related to the growth and expansion of solid tumors and hematological cancers through various signaling pathways. Objective and findings We reviewed the physiological, biochemical, and immune functions of adipose tissue, with a focus on the structure and expression of resistin and adipokines within multiple adipose cell types, their signaling pathways and putative effects on tumor cells, as well as their in vivo regulation. Current evidence indicates that adipokines such as resistin act as pro-inflammatory factors to stimulate immune cells which, in turn, promotes tumor angiogenesis, connective tissue proliferation, and matrix fibrosis. Concurrently, in states of metabolic dysfunction and lipotoxicity in obese individuals, the numbers and functions of immune cells are compromised, leading to an immunosuppressive environment that fosters tumor cell survival and weak cancer immune monitoring. Conclusion Adipokines such as resistin are important to the development of obesity-related tumors. Clarifying the roles for obesity-related factors in immune regulation and tumor progression may lead to the discovery of novel anti-tumor strategies for targeting obesity factors such as resistin to limit tumor growth and manage obesity, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Enting Lu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yaoxuan Zhu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fangmei Li
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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Futoh Y, Miyato H, Yamaguchi H, Matsumiya M, Takahashi R, Kaneko Y, Kimura Y, Ohzawa H, Sata N, Kitayama J, Hosoya Y. Vagus nerve signal has an inhibitory influence on the development of peritoneal metastasis in murine gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7832. [PMID: 38570542 PMCID: PMC10991300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve is the only pathway for transmitting parasympathetic signals between the brain and thoracoabdominal organs, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory functions through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Despite often being resected during lymph node dissection in upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery, the impact of vagotomy on postoperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients remains unclear. Sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy was performed on C57BL/6 mice. Three weeks later, syngeneic murine gastric cancer cell line YTN16P was injected into the peritoneal cavity, and the number of peritoneal metastases (PM) on the mesentery and omentum compared with control mice. The phenotypes of immune cells in peritoneal lavage and omental milky spots one day after tumor inoculation were analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Intraperitoneal transfer of 3 × 105 YTN16P significantly increased the number of metastatic nodules on the mesentery in the vagotomy group compared to the control group. The omental metastasis grade was also significantly higher in the vagotomy group. Phenotypic analysis of immune cells in peritoneal lavage did not reveal significant differences after vagotomy. However, vagotomized mice exhibited a notable increase in milky spot area, with a higher presence of cytokeratin(+) tumor cells, F4/80(+) macrophages, and CD3(+) T cells. Vagus nerve signaling appears to regulate the immune response dynamics within milky spots against disseminated tumor cells and inhibits the development of PM. Preserving the vagus nerve may offer advantages in advanced gastric cancer surgery to reduce peritoneal recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Futoh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyo Miyato
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Misaki Matsumiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuki Kaneko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hosoya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Takahashi K, Kurashina K, Yamaguchi H, Kanamaru R, Ohzawa H, Miyato H, Saito S, Hosoya Y, Lefor AK, Sata N, Kitayama J. Altered intraperitoneal immune microenvironment in patients with peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969468. [PMID: 36119051 PMCID: PMC9478385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe peritoneal cavity contains many site-specific immune cells which constitute a unique immune microenvironment. However, it is unclear how the local immune signature is altered in patients with peritoneal metastases (PM).MethodsPeritoneal lavage fluid or ascites were obtained from 122 patients with various stages of gastric cancer (GC). Cells recovered from peritoneal fluids were immunostained with mAbs for lymphocyte-, macrophage- and tumor cell-specific antigens and the frequencies of leukocyte subsets and antigen expression levels were evaluated with multi-color flowcytometry.ResultsThe proportions of CD8(+) T cells, CD3(+)CD56(+) NKT-like cells, and CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cells to CD45(+) leukocytes were significantly reduced in patients with PM compared to those without PM. In patients with PM, the rates of CD8 (+) T cells and NKT-like cells correlated inversely with the tumor leukocyte ratio (TLR), the relative frequency of CD326(+) tumor cells to CD45(+) leukocytes. In contrast, the proportion of CD19(+) B cells was significantly increased in patients with PM, and their proportion correlated positively with the TLR and peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) score. In patients with PM, CD14(+) macrophages tended to be increased with enhanced expression of CD14, CD16 and a M2-macrophage marker, CD163. In particular, macrophages in patients with high TLR contained many granules with high side scatter and CD14 expression in their flow profile compared to those without PM.ConclusionPM are accompanied by a drastic change in phenotypes of lymphocyte and macrophage in the peritoneal cavity, which might be involved in the development and progression of intraperitoneal tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kurashina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Rihito Kanamaru
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyo Miyato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shin Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hosoya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- *Correspondence: Joji Kitayama,
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