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Vinoth A, Thirunalasundari T, Shanmugam M, Uthrakumar A, Suji S, Rajkumar U. Evaluation of DNA methylation and mRNA expression of heat shock proteins in thermal manipulated chicken. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:235-252. [PMID: 28842808 PMCID: PMC5823805 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal manipulation during embryogenesis has been demonstrated to enhance the thermotolerance capacity of broilers through epigenetic modifications. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stress for guarding cells against damage. The present study investigates the effect of thermal conditioning during embryogenesis and thermal challenge at 42 days of age on HSP gene and protein expression, DNA methylation and in vitro luciferase assay in brain tissue of Naked Neck (NN) and Punjab Broiler-2 (PB-2) chicken. On the 15th day of incubation, fertile eggs from two breeds, NN and PB-2, were randomly divided in to two groups: control (C)-eggs were incubated under standard incubation conditions, and thermal conditioning (TC)-eggs were exposed to higher incubation temperature (40.5°C) for 3 h on the 15th, 16th, and 17th days of incubation. The chicks obtained from each group were further subdivided and reared under different environmental conditions from the 15th to the 42nd day as normal [N; 25 ± 1 °C, 70% relative humidity (RH)] and heat exposed (HE; 35 ± 1 °C, 50% RH) resulting in four treatment groups (CN, CHE, TCN, and TCHE). The results revealed that HSP promoter activity was stronger in CHE, which had lesser methylation and higher gene expression. The activity of promoter region was lesser in TCHE birds that were thermally manipulated at the embryonic stage, thus reflecting their stress-free condition. This was confirmed by the lower level of mRNA expression of all the HSP genes. In conclusion, thermal conditioning during embryogenesis has a positive impact and improves chicken thermotolerance capacity in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vinoth
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidhasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India
| | - T Thirunalasundari
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidhasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India
| | - M Shanmugam
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 030, India
| | - A Uthrakumar
- Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Suji
- M.S. Swaminathan Research Institute, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - U Rajkumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 030, India.
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Tachibana K, Takayanagi K, Akimoto A, Ueda K, Shinkai Y, Umezawa M, Takeda K. Prenatal diesel exhaust exposure disrupts the DNA methylation profile in the brain of mouse offspring. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:1-11. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gaudet MM, Campan M, Figueroa JD, Yang XR, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Brinton LA, Rimm DL, Laird PW, Garcia-Closas M, Sherman ME. DNA hypermethylation of ESR1 and PGR in breast cancer: pathologic and epidemiologic associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:3036-43. [PMID: 19861523 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of the etiology of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha)-negative and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancers may permit improved risk prediction. In vitro studies implicate DNA hypermethylation of the ERalpha and PR promoters in the pathogenesis of ERalpha-negative and PR-negative tumors, but results are not definitive. We evaluated 200 invasive breast cancers selected from a population-based case-control study. DNA extracted from fixed tumor tissue cores was tested using MethyLight to assess DNA methylation at four CpG islands: ESR1 promoters A and B; PGR promoters A and B; and a CpG shore, ESR1 promoter C. DNA methylation results were compared with levels of ERalpha and PR, tumor characteristics, and breast cancer risk factors. We observed mild to moderate DNA methylation levels in most tumors for ESR1 promoters A and B and PGR promoter B, and a few tumors showed mild methylation in PGR promoter A. In contrast, ESR1 promoter C showed a wide range of methylation and was weakly correlated with lower expression levels of ERalpha (beta = -0.26; P < 0.0001) and PR (beta = -0.25; P < 0.0001). The percentage of tumors with methylated PGR promoters A and B was significantly higher for tumors with low ERalpha (A, Fisher's test P = 0.0001; B, P = 0.033) and PR levels (A, P = 0.0006; B, P = 0.001). Our data suggest that the relationships between DNA methylation of ESR1 and PGR promoters and protein expression are weak and unlikely to represent a predominant mechanism of receptor silencing. In contrast to CpG islands, ESR1 promoter C showed a wider range of methylation levels and inverse associations with ERalpha and PR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Gaudet
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Abstract
Genetic inheritance in higher organisms normally refers to the transmission of information from one generation to the next. Nevertheless, there is also inheritance in somatic cells, characterised by the phenotypic stability of differentiated cells that divide (such as fibroblasts and lymphocytes), and also mitosis of stem line cells, which gives rise to another stem line daughter cell, and one that will differentiate. Thus, there is a dual inheritance systems in these organisms, one of which is genetic and the other epigenetic. In the latter, heritable information is superimposed on DNA sequences, and one well-known mechanism is heritable methylation of cytosine. Much information will come from the human epigenome project that will reveal the patterns of DNA methylation in distinct differentiated cells. There have also been innumerable studies on the abnormal de novo methylation and silencing of tumour suppressor genes in cancer cells.
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Zhu Y, Brown HN, Zhang Y, Holford TR, Zheng T. Genotypes and haplotypes of the methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 modify breast cancer risk dependent upon menopausal status. Breast Cancer Res 2005; 7:R745-52. [PMID: 16168120 PMCID: PMC1242141 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction MBD2, the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD)2, is a major methylation related gene and functions as a transcriptional repressor that can specifically bind to the methylated regions of other genes. MBD2 may also mediate gene activation because of its potential DNA demethylase activity. The present case-control study investigated associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MBD2 gene and breast cancer risk. Methods DNA samples from 393 Caucasian patients with breast cancer (cases) and 436 matched control individuals, collected in a recently completed breast cancer case–control study conducted in Connecticut, were included in the study. Because no coding SNPs were found in the MBD2 gene, one SNP in the noncoding exon (rs1259938) and another in the intron 3 (rs609791) were genotyped. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate cancer risk associated with the variant genotypes and the reconstructed haplotypes. Results The variant genotypes at both SNP loci were significantly associated with reduced risk among premenopausal women (OR = 0.41 for rs1259938; OR = 0.54 for rs609791). Further haplotype analyses showed that the two rare haplotypes (A-C and A-G) were significantly associated with reduced breast cancer risk (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20–0.83 for A-C; OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26–0.84 for A-G) in premenopausal women. No significant associations were detected in the postmenopausal women and the whole population. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a role for the MBD2 gene in breast carcinogenesis in premenopausal women. These findings suggest that genetic variations in methylation related genes may potentially serve as a biomarker in risk estimates for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heather N Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore R Holford
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Ren Y, Roy S, Ding Y, Iqbal J, Broome JD. Methylation of the asparagine synthetase promoter in human leukemic cell lines is associated with a specific methyl binding protein. Oncogene 2004; 23:3953-61. [PMID: 15048083 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the methylation profiles of the asparagine synthetase (ASY) promoter in a number of human leukemic cell lines in relation to their asparagine (ASN) requirements in vitro. Cells in which the promoter is highly methylated are auxotrophs and express ASY at very low levels. Electromobility shift assays (EMSA) of nuclear extracts with oligomers from the promoting region show, in addition to recognized transcription factor binding, a novel methyl binding protein specific for a 12 base consensus sequence, which includes a single methylated CpG. This sequence overlaps that of the amino-acid response unit of the ASY promoter, which is activated byATF4 and C/EBP. Competition by the methyl binding protein could account for the observed failure of the methylated promoter to bind these transcription factors and consequently, although other mechanisms can also be operative, for the specific repression of the gene. The ASY methyl binding protein (ASMB) is present in leukemic lymphoid and myeloid cells irrespective of their methylation status, and in normal lymphocytes after phytohemagglutinin stimulation. It has been purified by affinity chromatography and has a molecular size of 40 kDa in 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ren
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Contractor RG, Foran CM, Li S, Willett KL. Evidence of gender-and tissue-specific promoter methylation and the potential for ethinylestradiol-induced changes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) estrogen receptor and aromatase genes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2004; 67:1-22. [PMID: 14668108 DOI: 10.1080/15287390490253633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the potential of DNA methylation to serve as a biomarker of toxicity, thus establishing a link between exposure to environmental contaminants and physiologically significant changes in gene expression, tissue- and gender-specific methylation patterns in the promoter regions of estrogen receptor (ER) and aromatase genes of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were determined. Adult male and female medaka were exposed to either 0 or 500 ng/L 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE) for 14d via a waterborne exposure. Livers, gonads, and brains were removed and genomic DNA was extracted. Samples of genomic DNA were then analyzed by bisulfite-mediated methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of an approximately 300-bp region containing suspected methylation sites from the two genes, amplified, cloned, and sequenced. ER protein content in exposed medaka was significantly induced in all male and female tissues compared to controls. Aromatase activity in exposed medaka was significantly increased in the male brain, testes, and female brain as compared to controls. The methylation changes described by these studies indicate the potential for anthropogenic alteration of the mechanisms controlling gene expression, as well as gender- and tissue-specific sensitivity. While methylation differences were not paralleled by changes in protein expression in this study, changes in methylation have the potential to impact the regulation of normal gene expression and these changes could be transmitted to offspring.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Aromatase/analysis
- Aromatase/drug effects
- Aromatase/genetics
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
- Environmental Exposure/analysis
- Environmental Monitoring/methods
- Environmental Monitoring/standards
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Ethinyl Estradiol/analysis
- Ethinyl Estradiol/toxicity
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gonads/chemistry
- Gonads/drug effects
- Liver/chemistry
- Liver/drug effects
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oryzias
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Sex Characteristics
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooha G Contractor
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Rougier N, Bourc'his D, Gomes DM, Niveleau A, Plachot M, Pàldi A, Viegas-Péquignot E. Chromosome methylation patterns during mammalian preimplantation development. Genes Dev 1998; 12:2108-13. [PMID: 9679055 PMCID: PMC317005 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.14.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation patterns were evaluated during preimplantation mouse development by analyzing the binding of monoclonal antibody to 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC) on metaphase chromosomes. Specific chromosome patterns were observed in each cell stage. A banding pattern predominated in chromosomes at the one-cell stage. Banding was replaced at the two-cell stage by an asymmetrical labeling of the sister chromatids. Then, the proportion of asymmetrical chromosomes decreased by one-half at each cell division until the blastocyst stage, and chromosomes became progressively symmetrical and weakly labeled. Our results indicate that chromosome demethylation is associated with each DNA replication and suggest that a passive mechanism predominates during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rougier
- U 383 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Necker-Enfants Malades, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Mangues R, Schwartz S, Seidman I, Pellicer A. Promoter demethylation in MMTV/N-rasN transgenic mice required for transgene expression and tumorigenesis. Mol Carcinog 1995; 14:94-102. [PMID: 7576104 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940140205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied demethylation within the transgene promoter in transgenic mice carrying the N-ras proto-oncogene driven by the mouse mammary tumor long terminal repeat (MMTV/N-rasN) and the relationship of demethylation to transgene overexpression and tumorigenesis. Demethylation at Fspl or Clal sites correlated with age of the animal and transgene expression in nontumorous mammary gland. Demethylation preceded expression in this tissue. In lymphomas and mammary tumors, the promoter Fspl and Clal sites were significantly more demethylated than in nontumorous control tissues. The Aval, Cfol, and Hpall sites were also found to be undermethylated in older animals and showed differences between tumor and control tissues. Two additional sites (Eagl and Narl) remained fully methylated in all tissues. In contrast with normal tissue, demethylation at the Fspl and Clal sites and expression were not correlated in tumor tissue. An increase in expression in normal tissue initially occurred and was correlated with the level of promoter demethylation; this increase was followed by a further increment in transgene expression when tumors developed. Thus, promoter demethylation leading to transgene overexpression was associated with long-latency tumorigenesis in MMTV/N-rasN transgenic mice. Demethylation of proto-oncogene promoters may therefore be a mechanism of carcinogenesis that requires further investigation in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mangues
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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Abstract
Methylation of DNA plays an important role in the control of gene expression in higher eukaryotes. This is largely achieved by the packaging of methylated DNA into chromatin structures that are inaccessible to transcription factors and other proteins. Methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to the 5-position of the cytosine base in DNA, a reaction catalysed by a DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase. This reaction occurs in nuclear replication foci where the chromatin structure is loosened for replication, thereby allowing access to methyltransferases. Partly as a result of their recognising the presence of a methylcytosine on the parental strand following replication, these large enzymes are able to maintain the distribution of methyl groups along the DNA of somatic cells and, thereby, maintain tissue-specific patterns of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Adams
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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