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Elyahoodayan S, Jiang W, Lee CD, Shao X, Weiland G, Whalen JJ, Petrossians A, Song D. Stimulation and Recording of the Hippocampus Using the Same Pt-Ir Coated Microelectrodes. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:616063. [PMID: 33716647 PMCID: PMC7943859 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.616063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Same-electrode stimulation and recording with high spatial resolution, signal quality, and power efficiency is highly desirable in neuroscience and neural engineering. High spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio is necessary for obtaining unitary activities and delivering focal stimulations. Power efficiency is critical for battery-operated implantable neural interfaces. This study demonstrates the capability of recording single units as well as evoked potentials in response to a wide range of electrochemically safe stimulation pulses through high-resolution microelectrodes coated with co-deposition of Pt-Ir. It also compares signal-to-noise ratio, single unit activity, and power efficiencies between Pt-Ir coated and uncoated microelectrodes. To enable stimulation and recording with the same microelectrodes, microelectrode arrays were treated with electrodeposited platinum-iridium coating (EPIC) and tested in the CA1 cell body layer of rat hippocampi. The electrodes' ability to (1) inject a large range of electrochemically reversable stimulation pulses to the tissue, and (2) record evoked potentials and single unit activities were quantitively assessed over an acute time period. Compared to uncoated electrodes, EPIC electrodes recorded signals with higher signal-to-noise ratios (coated: 9.77 ± 1.95 dB; uncoated: 1.95 ± 0.40 dB) and generated lower voltages (coated: 100 mV; uncoated: 650 mV) for a given stimulus (5 μA). The improved performance corresponded to lower energy consumptions and electrochemically safe stimulation above 5 μA (>0.38 mC/cm2), which enabled elicitation of field excitatory post synaptic potentials and population spikes. Spontaneous single unit activities were also modulated by varying stimulation intensities and monitored through the same electrodes. This work represents an example of stimulation and recording single unit activities from the same microelectrode, which provides a powerful tool for monitoring and manipulating neural circuits at the single neuron level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elyahoodayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Xiecheng Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Elyahoodayan S, Jiang W, Xu H, Song D. A Multi-Channel Asynchronous Neurostimulator With Artifact Suppression for Neural Code-Based Stimulations. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1011. [PMID: 31611764 PMCID: PMC6776638 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel neurostimulator for generating neural code-based, precise, asynchronous electrical stimulation pulses is designed, fabricated, and characterized. Through multiplexing, this system can deliver constant current biphasic pulses, with arbitrary temporal patterns, and pulse parameters to 32 electrodes using one pulse generator. The design also features a stimulus artifact suppression (SAS) technique that can be integrated with commercial amplifiers. Using an array of CMOS switches, electrodes are disconnected from recording amplifiers during stimulation, while the input of the recording system is shorted to ground through another CMOS switch to suppress ringing in the recording system. The timing of the switches used to block and suppress the stimulus artifact are crucial and are determined by the electrochemical properties of the electrode. This system allows stimulation and recording from the same electrodes to monitor local field potentials with short latencies from the region of stimulation for achieving feedback control of neural stimulation. In this way, timing between each pulse is controlled by inputs from an external source and stimulus magnitude is controlled by feed-back from neural response from the stimulated tissue. The system was implemented with low-power and compact packaged microchips to constitute an effective, cost-efficient, and miniaturized neurostimulator. The device has been first evaluated in phantom preparations and then tested in hippocampi of behaving rats. Benchtop results demonstrate the capability of the stimulator to generate arbitrary spatio-temporal pattern of stimulation pulses dictated by random number generators (RNGs) to control magnitude and timing between each individual biphasic pulse. In vivo results show that evoked potentials elicited by the neurostimulator can be recorded ∼2 ms after the termination of stimulus pulses from the same electrodes where stimulation pulses are delivered, whereas commercial amplifiers without such an artifact suppression typically result in tens to hundreds of milliseconds recovery period. This neurostimulator design is desirable in a variety of neural interface applications, particularly hippocampal memory prosthesis aiming to restore cognitive functions by reinstating neural code transmissions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elyahoodayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Huijing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Deer TR, Narouze S, Provenzano DA, Pope JE, Falowski SM, Russo MA, Benzon H, Slavin K, Pilitsis JG, Alo K, Carlson JD, McRoberts P, Lad SP, Arle J, Levy RM, Simpson B, Mekhail N. The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC): Recommendations on Bleeding and Coagulation Management in Neurostimulation Devices. Neuromodulation 2017; 20:51-62. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samer Narouze
- Summa Western Reserve Hospital; Cuyahoga Falls OH USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shivanand P. Lad
- Division of Neurosurgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham NC USA
| | - Jeffrey Arle
- Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston MA USA
| | | | - Brian Simpson
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Hospital of Wales; Cardiff UK
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A Short History of Neurosurgical Localization. World Neurosurg 2013; 80:479-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu HG, Ma Y, Zhang K, Ge M, Meng FG, Feng T, Wan XH, Guo Y, Wang RZ, Yang AC, Hu WH, Guo JZ, Zhang JG. Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation With a New Device in Parkinson's Disease: An Open-Label Trial. Neuromodulation 2013; 16:212-8; discussion 218. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-guang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Yu Ma
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Fan-gang Meng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Xin-hua Wan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing; China
| | - Yi Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing; China
| | - Ren-zhi Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing; China
| | - An-chao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Wen-han Hu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University; Beijing; China
| | - Jin-zu Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing; China
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Skodda S. Effect of deep brain stimulation on speech performance in Parkinson's disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2012; 2012:850596. [PMID: 23227426 PMCID: PMC3512320 DOI: 10.1155/2012/850596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been reported to be successful in relieving the core motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor fluctuations in the more advanced stages of the disease. However, data on the effects of DBS on speech performance are inconsistent. While there are some series of patients documenting that speech function was relatively unaffected by DBS of the nucleus subthalamicus (STN), other investigators reported on improvements of distinct parameters of oral control and voice. Though, these ameliorations of single speech modalities were not always accompanied by an improvement of overall speech intelligibility. On the other hand, there are also indications for an induction of dysarthria as an adverse effect of STN-DBS occurring at least in some patients with PD. Since a deterioration of speech function has more often been observed under high stimulation amplitudes, this phenomenon has been ascribed to a spread of current-to-adjacent pathways which might also be the reason for the sporadic observation of an onset of dysarthria under DBS of other basal ganglia targets (e.g., globus pallidus internus/GPi or thalamus/Vim). The aim of this paper is to review and evaluate reports in the literature on the effects of DBS on speech function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Skodda
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has developed during the past 20 years as a remarkable treatment option for several different disorders. Advances in technology and surgical techniques have essentially replaced ablative procedures for most of these conditions. Stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus has clearly been shown to markedly improve tremor control in patients with essential tremor and tremor related to Parkinson disease. Symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor, gait disturbance, and rigidity can be significantly improved in patients with Parkinson disease. Because of these improvements, a decrease in medication can be instrumental in reducing the disabling features of dyskinesias in such patients. Primary dystonia has been shown to respond well to DBS of the globus pallidus internus. The success of these procedures has led to application of these techniques to multiple other debilitating conditions such as neuropsychiatric disorders, intractable pain, epilepsy, camptocormia, headache, restless legs syndrome, and Alzheimer disease. The literature analysis was performed using a MEDLINE search from 1980 through 2010 with the term deep brain stimulation, and several double-blind and larger case series were chosen for inclusion in this review. The exact mechanism of DBS is not fully understood. This review summarizes many of the current and potential future clinical applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Lyons
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Hospital, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
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Haahr A, Kirkevold M, Hall EOC, Ostergaard K. Living with advanced Parkinson's disease: a constant struggle with unpredictability. J Adv Nurs 2010; 67:408-17. [PMID: 20946567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper is a report of an exploration of patients' lifeworld and way of managing life with advanced Parkinson's disease prior to Deep Brain Stimulation and what they expect from life following this treatment. BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is initially well-treated with L-dopa. Living with Parkinson's disease means living with the experience of continuous loss of independence and self-esteem and unpredictable ON/OFF phenomena. Thus, in the advanced stage of the disease, treatment with Deep Brain Stimulation may become relevant. METHOD Eleven patients eligible for Deep Brain Stimulation were interviewed prior to treatment. Data were collected in 2007 and analysed according to the hermeneutic phenomenological methodology of van Manen, using the four existentials as analytic tools. FINDINGS Living with advanced Parkinson's disease can be described as the experience of living with and managing unpredictability. The disease gradually took over, and participants had to struggle with unpredictability on a daily basis. Themes in relation to this were: The body - setting the agenda, Always a struggle to be on time, Living in dependence and compromise - being a burden, and Living with restrained space and changes in social life. CONCLUSION Parkinson's disease leads to profound bodily restrictions. Living with an unpredictable body affects all aspects of life, and nurses need to be aware of the impact the disease has on the entire lifeworld, and how this may affect the way treatment is perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Haahr
- Department of Nursing Science, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Sillay KA, Chen JC, Montgomery EB. Long-Term Measurement of Therapeutic Electrode Impedance in Deep Brain Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2010; 13:195-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2010.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lopez-Quintero SV, Datta A, Amaya R, Elwassif M, Bikson M, Tarbell JM. DBS-relevant electric fields increase hydraulic conductivity of in vitro endothelial monolayers. J Neural Eng 2010; 7:16005. [PMID: 20075507 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/7/1/016005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) achieves therapeutic outcome through generation of electric fields (EF) in the vicinity of energized electrodes. Targeted brain regions are highly vascularized, and it remains unknown if DBS electric fields modulate blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, either through electroporation of individual endothelial cells or electro-permeation of barrier tight junctions. In our study, we calculated the intensities of EF generated around energized Medtronic 3387 and 3389 DBS leads by using a finite element model. Then we designed a novel stimulation system to study the effects of such fields with DBS-relevant waveforms and intensities on bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) monolayers, which were used as a basic analog for the blood-brain barrier endothelium. Following 5 min of stimulation, we observed a transient increase in endothelial hydraulic conductivity (Lp) that could be related to the disruption of the tight junctions (TJ) between cells, as suggested by zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein staining. This 'electro-permeation' occurred in the absence of cell death or single cell electroporation, as indicated by propidium iodide staining and cytosolic calcein uptake. Our in vitro results, using uniform fields and BAEC monolayers, thus suggest that electro-permeation of the BBB may occur at electric field intensities below those inducing electroporation and within intensities generated near DBS electrodes. Further studies are necessary to address potential BBB disruption during clinical studies, with safety and efficacy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Lopez-Quintero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, Room T-403b, Steinman Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
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Sadikot AF, Rymar VV. The primate centromedian-parafascicular complex: anatomical organization with a note on neuromodulation. Brain Res Bull 2008; 78:122-30. [PMID: 18957319 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the cerebral cortex, the striatum receives excitatory input from the thalamus. The centromedian (centre median, CM) and parafascicular (Pf) nuclei are an important source of thalamostriatal projections. Anterograde tract-tracing indicates the CM-Pf complex provides dense afferents to the matrix compartment of the striatum. Whereas CM projects to the entire sensorimotor territory of the striatum, the Pf provides complementary input to the entire associative sector. The Pf also provides lighter input to the nucleus accumbens. Both CM and Pf provide light to moderately dense inputs to other components of the basal ganglia in a largely complementary manner, covering motor or associative-limbic territories of the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus and ventral midbrain. In turn, the CM and Pf receive mainly segregated input from parallel motor and associative-limbic circuits of the basal ganglia. The CM and Pf may therefore be considered important participants in parallel processing of motor and associative-limbic information in the basal ganglia. Connections of the CM and Pf with other thalamic nuclei suggest they also participate in integrative functions within the thalamus. In addition, inputs from the brainstem reticular core, reciprocal connections with the cerebral cortex and reticular thalamic nucleus suggest a role in state-dependant information processing. Consideration of the differential connections of the CM and Pf, and better understanding of their role in pathophysiology, may eventually lead to development of an important new target for relief of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas F Sadikot
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 University Street, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.
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High frequency stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus restores movement and reinstates hippocampal–striatal theta coherence following haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Exp Neurol 2008; 213:210-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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