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Biricioiu MR, Sarbu M, Ica R, Vukelić Ž, Kalanj-Bognar S, Zamfir AD. Advances in Mass Spectrometry of Gangliosides Expressed in Brain Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1335. [PMID: 38279335 PMCID: PMC10816113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are highly abundant in the human brain where they are involved in major biological events. In brain cancers, alterations of ganglioside pattern occur, some of which being correlated with neoplastic transformation, while others with tumor proliferation. Of all techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be one of the most effective in gangliosidomics, due to its ability to characterize heterogeneous mixtures and discover species with biomarker value. This review highlights the most significant achievements of MS in the analysis of gangliosides in human brain cancers. The first part presents the latest state of MS development in the discovery of ganglioside markers in primary brain tumors, with a particular emphasis on the ion mobility separation (IMS) MS and its contribution to the elucidation of the gangliosidome associated with aggressive tumors. The second part is focused on MS of gangliosides in brain metastases, highlighting the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS, microfluidics-MS and tandem MS to decipher and structurally characterize species involved in the metastatic process. In the end, several conclusions and perspectives are presented, among which the need for development of reliable software and a user-friendly structural database as a search platform in brain tumor diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roxana Biricioiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
- Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
| | - Raluca Ica
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Alina D. Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
- Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 310330 Arad, Romania
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Suteanu-Simulescu A, Sarbu M, Ica R, Petrica L, Zamfir AD. Ganglioside analysis in body fluids by liquid-phase separation techniques hyphenated to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:501-520. [PMID: 36416190 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of gangliosides in central nervous system is a few times higher than in the extraneural tissue, a characteristic highlighting their major role at this level. Although in very low amounts, gangliosides are ubiquitously distributed in body fluids too, where, depending on many factors, including pathological states, their composition fluctuates, thus having diagnostic value. Ganglioside investigation in biological fluids, which, except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), may be sampled noninvasively, was for years impeded by the limited sensitivity of the analytical instrumentation available in glycomics. However, because the last decade has witnessed significant developments in biological mass spectrometry (MS) and the hyphenated separation techniques, marked by a major increase in sensitivity, reproducibility, and data reliability, ganglioside research started to be focused on biofluid analysis by separation techniques coupled to MS. In this context, our review presents the achievements in this emerging field of gangliosidomics, with a particular emphasis on modern liquid chromatography (LC), thin-layer chromatography, hydrophilic interaction LC, and ion mobility separation coupled to high-performance MS, as well as the results generated by these systems and allied experimental procedures in profiling and structural analysis of gangliosides in healthy or diseased body fluids, such as CSF, plasma/serum, and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Ica
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Physics, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Diana Zamfir
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Suteanu-Simulescu A, Zamfir AD, Ica R, Sarbu M, Munteanu CVA, Gadalean F, Vlad A, Bob F, Jianu DC, Petrica L. High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Identifies a Particular Ganglioside Pattern in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Molecules 2022; 27:2679. [PMID: 35566027 PMCID: PMC9103338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the valuable information provided by glycosphingolipids as molecular markers and the limited data available for their detection and characterization in patients suffering from Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD), we developed and implemented a superior method based on high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS) for the determination of gangliosides in the urine of DKD patients. This study was focused on: (i) testing of the HR MS and MS/MS feasibility and performances in mapping and sequencing of renal gangliosides in Type 2 DM patients; (ii) determination of the changes in the urine gangliosidome of DKD patients in different stages of the disease-normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria-in a comparative assay with healthy controls. Due to the high resolution and mass accuracy, the comparative MS screening revealed that the sialylation status of the ganglioside components; their modification by O-acetyl, CH3COO-, O-fucosyl, and O-GalNAc; as well as the composition of the ceramide represent possible markers for early DKD detection, the assessment of disease progression, and follow-up treatment. Moreover, structural investigation by MS/MS demonstrated that GQ1d(d18:1/18:0), GT1α(d18:1/18:0) and GT1b(d18:1/18:0) isomers are associated with macroalbuminuria, meriting further investigation in relation to their role in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Alina Diana Zamfir
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania; (A.D.Z.); (R.I.); (M.S.)
- Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Raluca Ica
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania; (A.D.Z.); (R.I.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania; (A.D.Z.); (R.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristian V. A. Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- First Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Marini M, Tani A, Manetti M, Sgambati E. Overview of sialylation status in human nervous and skeletal muscle tissues during aging. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151813. [PMID: 34753032 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are a large and heterogeneous family of electronegatively charged nine-carbon monosaccharides containing a carboxylic acid and are mostly found as terminal residues in glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids such as gangliosides. They are linked to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine via α2,3 or α2,6 linkage, or to other Sias via α2,8 or more rarely α2,9 linkage, resulting in mono, oligo and polymeric forms. Given their characteristics, Sias play a crucial role in a multitude of human tissue biological processes in physiological and pathological conditions, ranging from development and growth to adult life until aging. Here, we review the sialylation status in human adult life focusing on the nervous and skeletal muscle tissues, which both display significant structural and functional changes during aging, strongly impacting on the whole human body and, therefore, on the quality of life. In particular, this review highlights the fundamental roles played by different types of glycoconjugates Sias in several cellular biological processes in the nervous and skeletal muscle tissues during adult life, also discussing how changes in Sia content during aging may contribute to the physiological decline of physical and nervous functions and to the development of age-related degenerative pathologies. Based on our current knowledge, further in-depth investigations could help to develop novel prophylactic strategies and therapeutic approaches that, by maintaining and/or restoring the correct sialylation status in the nervous and skeletal muscle tissues, could contribute to aging slowing and the prevention of age-related pathologies.
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Ica R, Munteanu CV, Vukelic Z, Zamfir AD. High-resolution mass spectrometry reveals a complex ganglioside pattern and novel polysialylated structures associated with the human motor cortex. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:205-214. [PMID: 34516313 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed here a superior methodology based on high-resolution mass spectrometry for screening and fragmentation analysis of gangliosides extracted and purified from the human motor cortex . The experiments, conducted on a nanoelectrospray Orbitrap mass spectroscope in the negative ion mode, allowed the discrimination in the native mixture extracted from human motor cortex of no less than 83 different gangliosides, which represents the highest number of structures identified so far in this brain region. The spectral data, acquired in high-resolution mass spectrometry mode with a remarkable sensitivity and an average mass accuracy of 4.48 ppm, also show that the gangliosidome of motor cortex is generally characterized by species exhibiting a much higher degree of sialylation than previously known. Motor cortex was found dominated by complex structures with a sialylation degree ≥3, exhibiting long saccharide chains, in the G1 class. Fucogangliosides and species with the glycan chain elongated by either O-acetylation and/or acetate anion attachments were also detected; the later modification was for the first time discovered in this brain region. Of major significance is the identification of hepta and octasialylated species of GS1 and GO1 type, which are among the structures with the longest oligosaccharide chain discovered so far in the human brain. In the last stage of research, tandem mass spectrometry performed by higher energy collision dissociation provided structural data documenting the occurrence of GT1b (d18:1/20:0) isomer in the human motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ica
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, 124255West University of Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Zeljka Vukelic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb Medical School, Croatia
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Romania
- "Aurel Vlaicu"University of Arad, Romania
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Sarbu M, Ica R, Zamfir AD. Developments and applications of separation and microfluidics methods coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry in glycomics of nervous system gangliosides. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:429-449. [PMID: 33314304 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are particularly abundant in the nervous system (NS) where their pattern and structure in a certain milieu or a defined region exhibit a pronounced specificity. Since gangliosides are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of NS ailments, a clear-cut mapping of individual components represents a prerequisite for designing ganglioside-based diagnostic procedures, treatments, or vaccines. These bioclinical aspects and the high diversity of ganglioside species claim for development of specific analytical strategies. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the implementation of separation techniques and microfluidics coupled to MS, which have contributed significantly to the advancement of the field. In the first part, the review discusses relevant approaches based on HPLC MS and CE coupled to ESI MS and their applications in the characterization of gangliosides expressed in healthy and diseased NS. A considerable section is dedicated to microfluidics MS and ion mobility separation MS, developed for the study of brain gangliosidome and its changes triggered by various factors, as well as for ganglioside biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. In the last part of the review, the benefits and perspectives in ganglioside research of these high-performance techniques are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Ica
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Physics, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Ica R, Simulescu A, Sarbu M, Munteanu CVA, Vukelić Ž, Zamfir AD. High resolution mass spectrometry provides novel insights into the ganglioside pattern of brain cavernous hemangioma. Anal Biochem 2020; 609:113976. [PMID: 32987010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have optimized nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) high resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS) performed on Orbitrap instrument in the negative ion mode for the determination of the composition and structure of gangliosides extracted from human brain cavernous hemangioma. The optimized HR MS platform, allowed the discrimination of 62 ions, corresponding to 52 different ganglioside species, which represents roughly twice the number of species existing in the current inventory of human brain hemangioma-associated gangliosides. The experiments revealed a ganglioside pattern dominated by GD-type of structures as well as an elevated incidence of species characterized by a low degree of sialylation and short glycan chains, including asialo GA1 (d18:1/18:0), which offer a new perspective upon the ganglioside composition in this benign tumor. Many of the structures are characteristic for this type of tumor only and are to be considered in further investigations for their potential use in early brain hemangioma diagnosis based on molecular markers. The detailed fragmentation analysis performed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem MS provided information of structural elements related to the glycan core and ceramide moiety, which confirmed the molecular configuration of GD3 (d18:1/24:1) and GD3 (d18:1/24:2) species with potential biomarker role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ica
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania; Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Simulescu
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania; "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
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Ica R, Petrut A, Munteanu CVA, Sarbu M, Vukelić Ž, Petrica L, Zamfir AD. Orbitrap mass spectrometry for monitoring the ganglioside pattern in human cerebellum development and aging. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4502. [PMID: 31961034 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed here a superior approach based on high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS) for monitoring the changes occurring with development and aging in the composition and structure of cerebellar gangliosidome. The experiments were focused on the comparative screening and structural analysis of gangliosides expressed in fetal and aged cerebellum by Orbitrap MS with nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) in the negative ion mode. The employed ultrahigh-resolution MS platform allowed the discrimination, without the need of previous separation, of 159 ions corresponding to 120 distinct species in the native ganglioside mixtures from fetal and aged cerebellar biopsies, many more than detected before, when MS platforms of lower resolution were employed. A number of gangliosides, in particular polysialylated belonging to GT, GQ, GP, and GS classes, modified by O-fucosylation, O-acetylation, or CH3 COO- were discovered here, for the first time in human cerebellum. These components, found differently expressed in fetal and aged tissues, indicated that the ganglioside profile in cerebellum is development stage- and age-specific. Following the fragmentation analysis by high-energy collision-induced dissociation (HCD) tandem MS (MS/MS), we have also observed that the intimate structure of certain compounds has not changed during the development and aging of the brain, an aspect which could open new directions in the investigation of ganglioside biomarkers in cerebellar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ica
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Petrut
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian V A Munteanu
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
- Department for Research, Development, Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Song H, Xun S, He H, Duan C, Li Q. Compound Porcine Cerebroside and Ganglioside Injection (CPCGI) Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Nerve Cell Injury by Regulating the Phosphorylation of p38 MAP Kinase (p38MAPK)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919600. [PMID: 32114591 PMCID: PMC7065510 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) has been widely applied in clinical practice in China to treat functional confusion caused by brain diseases. Sevoflurane, a frequently-used inhalational anesthetic, was discovered to have neurotoxicity that can cause neurological damage in patients. The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of CPCGI on sevoflurane-induced nerve damage and to reveal the neuroprotective mechanisms of CPCGI. Material/Methods Firstly, the hippocampal neurons were separated from Sprague-Dawley embryonic rats, and were stimulated by 3% sevoflurane for different times (0, 2, 4, and 6 h). Then, cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine the apoptosis-related protein expression levels. Results The results demonstrated that 3% sevoflurane significantly inhibited cell viability but induced cell apoptosis in neurons in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 3% sevoflurane also promoted the Bax [B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)-associated X protein] and cleaved caspase3 protein expressions, and suppressed Bcl-2 and pro-caspase3 expressions in hippocampal neurons. In addition, phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-p65 expression and the ratio of p-p38/p38 and p-p65/p65 were upregulated in a time-dependent manner after 3% sevoflurane treatment. Further analysis indicated that all the effects of 3% sevoflurane on hippocampal neurons were reversed by CPCGI pre-treatment. Conclusions We demonstrated the neuroprotective role of CPCGI in sevoflurane-stimulated neuronal cell damage via regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shining Xun
- Department of First Anesthesiology and Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Huali He
- Department of First Anesthesiology and Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chongzhen Duan
- Department of First Anesthesiology and Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Sarbu M, Raab S, Henderson L, Fabris D, Vukelić Ž, Clemmer DE, Zamfir AD. Cerebrospinal fluid: Profiling and fragmentation of gangliosides by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Biochimie 2020; 170:36-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang X, Zhao J. Neuroprotective effect of CPCGI on Alzheimer's disease and its mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:115-122. [PMID: 31939621 PMCID: PMC6896362 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. The aberrant accumulation of amyloid‑β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation are two major events in AD. Aβ‑induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress are also involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) on the progression of AD, and to explore the molecular mechanism. In vivo and in vitro models of AD were established and treated with CPCGI. Aβ40 and Aβ42 protein levels were detected using western blotting. Production of pro‑inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑1β] and oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using 3‑(4,5‑dimethyl‑2‑thiazolyl)‑2,5‑diphenyl‑2‑H‑tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis respectively. Results demonstrated that CPCGI administration reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 accumulation, and inhibited inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the in vivo rat model of AD, evidenced by decreased Aβ40 and Aβ42 protein expression, reduced levels of TNF‑α and IL‑1β, reduced MDA content, enhanced SOD activity, and reduced ROS level. It was found that CPCGI enhanced cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis of Aβ25‑35 induced PC12 cells. In addition, the mitogen‑activated protein kinase/NF‑κB pathway was involved in the protective effect of CPCGI on AD. Taken together, the data demonstrated that CPCGI exerted a protective effect on AD by reducing Aβ accumulation, inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress, In addition to preventing neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Meng XY, Yau LF, Huang H, Chan WH, Luo P, Chen L, Tong TT, Mi JN, Yang Z, Jiang ZH, Wang JR. Improved approach for comprehensive profiling of gangliosides and sulfatides in rat brain tissues by using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Sarbu M, Dehelean L, Munteanu CVA, Ica R, Petrescu AJ, Zamfir AD. Human caudate nucleus exhibits a highly complex ganglioside pattern as revealed by high-resolution multistage Orbitrap MS. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1669632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Liana Dehelean
- Department of Neurosciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian V. A. Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Ica
- Department of Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei J. Petrescu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina D. Zamfir
- Department of Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Dehelean L, Sarbu M, Petrut A, Zamfir AD. Trends in Glycolipid Biomarker Discovery in Neurodegenerative Disorders by Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:703-729. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Li J. Mass spectrometry for protein sialoglycosylation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:652-680. [PMID: 29228471 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally unique and negatively charged nine-carbon sugars, normally found at the terminal positions of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The glycosylation of proteins is a universal post-translational modification in eukaryotic species and regulates essential biological functions, in which the most common sialic acid is N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (2-keto-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononulopyranos-1-onic acid) (Neu5NAc). Because of the properties of sialic acids under general mass spectrometry (MS) conditions, such as instability, ionization discrimination, and mixed adducts, the use of MS in the analysis of protein sialoglycosylation is still challenging. The present review is focused on the application of MS related methodologies to the study of both N- and O-linked sialoglycans. We reviewed MS-based strategies for characterizing sialylation by analyzing intact glycoproteins, proteolytic digested glycopeptides, and released glycans. The review concludes with future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zack Li
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Ermini L, Morganti E, Post A, Yeganeh B, Caniggia I, Leadley M, Faria CC, Rutka JT, Post M. Imaging mass spectrometry identifies prognostic ganglioside species in rodent intracranial transplants of glioma and medulloblastoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176254. [PMID: 28463983 PMCID: PMC5413052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-MSI) allows us to investigate the distribution of lipid molecules within tissues. We used MALDI-MSI to identify prognostic gangliosides in tissue sections of rat intracranial allografts of rat glioma and mouse intracranial xenografts of human medulloblastoma. In the healthy adult rodent brain, GM1 and GD1 were the main types of glycolipids. Both gangliosides were absent in both intracranial transplants. The ganglioside GM3 was not present in the healthy adult brain but was highly expressed in rat glioma allografts. In combination with tandem mass spectrometry GM3 (d18:1/C24:0) was identified as the most abundant ganglioside species in the glioma allotransplant. By contrast, mouse xenografts of human medulloblastoma were characterized by prominent expression of the ganglioside GM2 (d18:0/C18:0). Together, these data demonstrate that tissue-based MALDI-MSI of gangliosides is able to discriminate between different brain tumors and may be a useful clinical tool for their classification and grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ermini
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Morganti
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Post
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Leadley
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia C. Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James T. Rutka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Groux-Degroote S, Guérardel Y, Delannoy P. Gangliosides: Structures, Biosynthesis, Analysis, and Roles in Cancer. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1146-1154. [PMID: 28295942 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids containing one or more sialic acid residues. They are essential compounds at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they interact with phospholipids, cholesterol, and transmembrane proteins, forming lipid rafts. They are involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, and recognition processes, as well as in the modulation of signal transduction pathways. These functions are mainly governed by the glycan moiety, and changes in the structures of gangliosides occur under pathological conditions, particularly in neuro-ectoderm-derived cancers. With the progress in mass spectrometry analysis of gangliosides, their role in cancer progression can be now investigated in more detail. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of gangliosides and their role in cancers, together with the recent development of cancer immunotherapy targeting gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
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Sarbu M, Dehelean L, Munteanu CV, Vukelić Ž, Zamfir AD. Assessment of ganglioside age-related and topographic specificity in human brain by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2017; 521:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zamfir AD. Microfluidics-Mass Spectrometry of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions: Applications to the Development of Therapeutics and Biomarker Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1647:109-128. [PMID: 28808998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7201-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The functional interactions of carbohydrates and their protein receptors are the basis of biological events critical to the evolution of pathological states. Hence, for the past years, such interactions have become the focus of research for the development of therapeutics and discovery of novel glycan biomarkers based on their binding affinity. Due to the high sensitivity, throughput, reproducibility, and capability to ionize minor species in heterogeneous mixtures, microfluidics-mass spectrometry (MS) has recently emerged as a method of choice in protein-glycan interactomics. In this chapter, a straightforward microfluidics-based MS methodology for the assessment of protein-glycan interactions is presented. The general protocol encompasses: (1) submission of the interacting partners to a binding assay under conditions mimicking the in vivo environment; and (2) screening of the reaction products and their structural characterization by fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) MS and multistage MS. The first section of the chapter is devoted to describing a method that enables the study of protein-oligosaccharide interactions by chip-nanoESI quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) MS and top-down complex analysis by collision-induced dissociation (CID). This section provides the protocol for the determination of the complex formed by standard β-lactoglobulin (BLG) with maltohexaose (Glc6) and recommends as a concrete application the study of the interaction between BLG extracted from human milk with Glc6, considered a ligand able to reduce the allergenicity of this protein. The second part is dedicated to presenting the protocols for the binding assay followed by chip-nanoESI ion trap (ITMS) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) in combination with CID for protein-ganglioside interactions, using as an example the B subunit of cholera toxin (Ctb5) in interaction with comercially available GM1 species. The methodology described may be successfully applied to native ganglioside mixtures from human brain, in particular for discovery of biomarkers on the basis of their binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Zamfir
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Plautius Andronescu Str.1, 300224, Timisoara, Romania.
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Feng L, Zheng J, Fan S, Liu J, Yang N, Liu Y, Zuo P. Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by targeting multiple cellular processes. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:927-935. [PMID: 28392696 PMCID: PMC5376122 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s129522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) is a neurotrophic drug used clinically to treat certain functional disorders of brain. Despite its extensive usage throughout China, the exact mechanistic targets of CPCGI are unknown. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of CPCGI against ischemic neuronal damage in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) reperfusion injury and to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of CPCGI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MCAO surgery for 2 hours followed by reperfusion. The rats were administered CPCGI once a day for 14 days after reperfusion, and behavioral tests were performed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post MCAO. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to measure infarct volume, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the number of NeuN-positive neurons in the ischemic cortex penumbra. Finally, the relative expression levels of proteins associated with apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, and GADD45α), synaptic function (Synaptophysin, SNAP25, Syntaxin, and Complexin-1/2), and mitochondrial function (KIFC2 and UCP3) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS CPCGI treatment reduced infarct size, decreased neurological deficit scores, and accelerated the recovery of somatosensory function 14 days after MCAO. In addition, CPCGI reduced the loss of NeuN-positive cells in the ischemic cortex penumbra. In the ischemic cortex, CPCGI treatment decreased GADD45α expression, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, augmented Synaptophysin, SNAP25, and Complexin-1/2 expression, and increased the expression of KIFC2 and UCP3 compared with sham rats 14 days after MCAO reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION CPCGI displays neuroprotective properties in rats subjected to MCAO injury by inhibiting apoptosis and improving synaptic and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shujie Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Popescu L, Robu AC, Zamfir AD. Sustainable Nanosystem Development for Mass Spectrometry. SUSTAINABLE NANOSYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0492-4.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, considerable efforts are invested into development of sustainable nanosystems as front end technology for either Electrospray Ionization (ESI) or Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Since their first introduction in MS, nanofluidics demonstrated a high potential to discover novel biopolymer species. These systems confirmed the unique ability to offer structural elucidation of molecular species, which often represent valuable biomarkers of severe diseases. In view of these major advantages of nanofluidics-MS, this chapter reviews the strategies, which allowed a successful development of nanotechnology for MS and the applications in biological and clinical research. The first part will be dedicated to the principles and technical developments of advanced nanosystems for electrospray and MALDI MS. The second part will highlight the most important applications in clinical proteomics and glycomics. Finally, this chapter will emphasize that advanced nanosystems-MS has real perspectives to become a routine method for early diagnosis of severe pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu Popescu
- West University of Timişoara, Romania & Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian C. Robu
- West University of Timişoara, Romania & Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania
| | - Alina D. Zamfir
- Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania & Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania
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Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. Anal Biochem 2016; 509:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gangliosides of the Vertebrate Nervous System. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3325-3336. [PMID: 27261254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides, sialylated glycosphingolipids, found on all vertebrate cells and tissues, are major molecular determinants on the surfaces of vertebrate nerve cells. Composed of a sialylated glycan attached to a ceramide lipid, the same four structures-GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b-represent the vast majority (>90%) of gangliosides in the brains of all mammals and birds. Primarily found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane with their glycans facing outward, gangliosides associate laterally with each other, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and select proteins in lipid rafts-the dynamic functional subdomains of the plasma membrane. The functions of gangliosides in the human nervous system are revealed by congenital mutations in ganglioside biosynthetic genes. Mutations in ST3GAL5, which codes for an enzyme early in brain ganglioside biosynthesis, result in an early-onset seizure disorder with profound motor and cognitive decay, whereas mutations in B4GALNT1, a gene encoding a later step, result in hereditary spastic paraplegia accompanied by intellectual deficits. The molecular functions of brain gangliosides include regulation of receptors in the same membrane via lateral (cis) associations and regulation of cell-cell recognition by trans interaction with ganglioside binding proteins on apposing cells. Gangliosides also affect the aggregation of Aβ (Alzheimer's disease) and α-synuclein (Parkinson's Disease). As analytical, biochemical, and genetic tools advance, research on gangliosides promises to reveal mechanisms of molecular control related to nerve and glial cell differentiation, neuronal excitability, axon outgrowth after nervous system injury, and protein folding in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Protection against Experimental Stroke by Ganglioside GM1 Is Associated with the Inhibition of Autophagy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144219. [PMID: 26751695 PMCID: PMC4709082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GM1, which is particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), is closely associated with the protection against several CNS disorders. However, controversial findings have been reported on the role of GM1 following ischemic stroke. In the present study, using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, we investigated whether GM1 can protect against ischemic brain injury and whether it targets the autophagy pathway. GM1 was delivered to Sprague-Dawley male rats at 3 doses (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection soon after reperfusion and then once daily for 2 days. The same volume of saline was given as a control. Tat–Beclin-1, a specific autophagy inducer, was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 24 and 48 hours post-MCAO. Infarction volume, mortality and neurological function were assessed at 72 hours after ischemic insult. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to determine the expression of autophagy-related proteins P62, LC3 and Beclin-1 in the penumbra area. No significant changes in mortality and physiological variables (heart rate, blood glucose levels and arterial blood gases) were observed between the different groups. However, MCAO resulted in enhanced conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II, P62 degradation, high levels of Beclin-1, a large area infarction (26.3±3.6%) and serious neurobehavioral deficits. GM1 (50 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the autophagy activation, neurobehavioral dysfunctions, and infarction volume (from 26.3% to 19.5%) without causing significant adverse side effects. However, this biological function could be abolished by Tat–Beclin-1. In conclusion: GM1 demonstrated safe and robust neuroprotective effects that are associated with the inhibition of autophagy following experimental stroke.
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A novel direct spray-from-tissue ionization method for mass spectrometric analysis of human brain tumors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7797-805. [PMID: 26277186 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Real-time feedback about dissected tissue during the neurosurgical procedure is strongly requested. A novel direct ionization mass spectrometric method for identifying pathological differences in tissues is proposed. The method is based on simultaneous extraction of tissue lipids and electrospray ionization which allows mass spectrometric data to be obtained directly from soft tissues. The advantage of this method is the stable flow of solvent, which leads to stable time-dependent spectra. The tissues included necrotized tissues and tumor tissues in different combinations. Capability for direct analysis of samples of dissected tissues during the neurosurgical procedure is demonstrated. Data validation is conducted by compound identification using precise masses from the MS profile, MS/MS, and isotopic distribution structure analysis. The method can be upgraded and applied for real-time identification of tissues during surgery. This paper describes the technique and its application perspective. For these purposes, other methods were compared with the investigated one and the results were shown to be reproducible. Differences in lipid profiles were observed even in tissues from one patient where distinctions between different samples could be poor. The paper presents a proof of concept for the method to be applied in neurosurgery particularly and in tissue analysis generically. The paper also contains preliminary results proving the possibility of observing differences in mass spectra of different tumors.
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