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Sun C, Li X, Guo J. Relationship between photosystem activity and ultraweak luminescence excitation in Cerasus humilis leaves under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:1032-1045. [PMID: 36898215 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok (C. humilis) is a wild fruit tree endemic to China. It mainly grows on saline land and often suffers from osmotic stress. Biophotons are ultraweak luminescence (UWL) radiations that are closely related to various biological processes and activities. UWL emission essentially originates from the oxidative stress process of organisms. However, it is unclear whether UWL production is related to the redox state of chloroplasts. Therefore, to understand the UWL emission mechanism in plants, we studied the effect of salt stress on the photosystem (PS) activity and UWL of C. humilis leaves and analyzed the correlation between PS activity and UWL. The results showed that salt stress severely inhibited the PS activity of C. humilis leaves and oxygen-evolving complex, damaged the integrity of the thylakoid membrane, decreased the photochemical efficiency of PSII, and hindered the QA-QB electron transfer. At the same time, the intensity of UWL also decreased. Further, correlation analyses of PS activity indices and UWL showed that UWL was significantly correlated with main parameters of photosystem activity such as PSII the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photosynthetic performance index based on absorbed light energy (PIABS), as well as the absorption, capture, and transfer of energy in the unit reaction center and unit leaf section. These results indicated that the PS activity of C. humilis was related to the production of UWL, and the intensity of UWL decreased with the decrease in PS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010019, China
| | - Jinli Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010019, China.
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Li C, Duan C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Meng Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Q. Adaptative Mechanisms of Halophytic Eutrema salsugineum Encountering Saline Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909527. [PMID: 35837468 PMCID: PMC9274170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt cress (Eutrema salsugineum), an Arabidopsis-related halophyte, can naturally adapt to various harsh climates and soil conditions; thus, it is considered a desirable model plant for deciphering mechanisms of salt and other abiotic stresses. Accumulating evidence has revealed that compared with Arabidopsis, salt cress possesses stomata that close more tightly and more succulent leaves during extreme salt stress, a noticeably higher level of proline, inositols, sugars, and organic acids, as well as stress-associated transcripts in unstressed plants, and they are induced rapidly under stress. In this review, we systematically summarize the research on the morphology, physiology, genome, gene expression and regulation, and protein and metabolite profile of salt cress under salt stress. We emphasize the latest advances in research on the genome adaptive evolution encountering saline environments, and epigenetic regulation, and discuss the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in salt cress. Finally, we discuss the existing questions and opportunities for future research in halophytic Eutrema. Together, the review fosters a better understanding of the mechanism of plant salt tolerance and provides a reference for the research and utilization of Eutrema as a model extremophile in the future. Furthermore, the prospects for salt cress applied to explore the mechanism of salt tolerance provide a theoretical basis to develop new strategies for agricultural biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chonghao Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hengyang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Research Team of Plant Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Goussi R, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Derbali W, Cantamessa S, Barbato R, Manaa A. Thylakoid proteome variation of Eutrema salsugineum in response to drought and salinity combined stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148482. [PMID: 34418359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that plant responses to stress involve different events occurring at different places of the cell/leaf and at different time scales in relation with the plant development. In fact, the organelles proteomes include a wide range of proteins that could include a wide range of proteins showing a considerable change in cellular functions and metabolism process. On this basis, a comparative proteomics analysis and fluorescence induction measurements were performed to investigate the photosynthetic performance and the relative thylakoid proteome variation in Eutrema salsugineum cultivated under salt stress (200 mM NaCl), water deficit stress (PEG) and combined treatment (PEG + NaCl) as a hyperosmotic stress. The obtained results showed a significant decrease of plant growth under drought stress conditions, with the appearance of some toxicity symptoms, especially in plants subjected to combined treatment. Application of salt or water stress alone showed no apparent change in the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients, primary photochemistry (fluorescence kinetics of the O-J phase), the PQ pool state (J-I phase changes), (Fv/Fm) and (Fk/Fj) ratios. However, a considerable decrease of all these parameters was observed under severe osmotic stress (PEG + NaCl). The thylakoid proteome analysis revealed 58 proteins showing a significant variation in their abundance between treatments (up or down regulation). The combined treatment (PEG + NaCl) induced a decrease in the expression of the whole PSII core subunit (D1, D2, CP43, CP47, PsbE and PsbH), whereas the OEC subunits proteins remained constant. An increase in the amount of PsaD, PsaE, PsaF, PsaH, PsaK and PsaN was detected under drought stress (PEG5%). No significant change in the accumulation of Cyt b6 and Cyt f was observed. Some regulated proteins involved in cellular redox homeostasis were detected (glutamine synthetase, phosphoglycerate kinase, transketolase), and showed a significant decrease under the combined treatment. Some oxidative stress related proteins were significantly up-regulated under salt or drought stress and could play a crucial role in the PSI photoprotection and the control of ROS production level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Goussi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisia; Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases - CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Walid Derbali
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Simone Cantamessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood - Italy
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Arafet Manaa
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
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Differential Regulation of NAPDH Oxidases in Salt-Tolerant Eutrema salsugineum and Salt-Sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910341. [PMID: 34638681 PMCID: PMC8508936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling is crucial in modulating stress responses in plants, and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are an important component of signal transduction under salt stress. The goal of this research was to investigate whether the regulation of NOX-dependent signalling during mild and severe salinity differs between the halophyte Eutrema salsugineum and the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene expression analyses showed that salt-induced expression patterns of two NOX genes, RBOHD and RBOHF, varied between the halophyte and the glycophyte. Five days of salinity stimulated the expression of both genes in E. salsugineum leaves, while their expression in A. thaliana decreased. This was not accompanied by changes in the total NOX activity in E. salsugineum, while the activity in A. thaliana was reduced. The expression of the RBOHD and RBOHF genes in E. salsugineum leaves was induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon spraying. The in silico analyses of promoter sequences of RBOHD and RBOHF revealed multiple cis-acting elements related to hormone responses, and their distribution varied between E. salsugineum and A. thaliana. Our results indicate that, in the halophyte E. salsugineum, the maintenance of the basal activity of NOXs in leaves plays a role during acclimation responses to salt stress. The different expression patterns of the RBOHD and RBOHF genes under salinity in E. salsugineum and A. thaliana point to a modified regulation of these genes in the halophyte, possibly through ABA- and/or ethylene-dependent pathways.
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Farhat N, Kouas W, Braun HP, Debez A. Stability of thylakoid protein complexes and preserving photosynthetic efficiency are crucial for the successful recovery of the halophyte Cakile maritima from high salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:177-190. [PMID: 34116337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants native to extreme habitats often face changes in environmental conditions such as salinity level and water availability. In response, plants have evolved efficient mechanisms allowing them to survive or recover. In the present work, effects of high salinity and salt-stress release were studied on the halophyte Cakile maritima. Four week-old plants were either cultivated at 0 mM NaCl or 200 mM NaCl. After one month of treatment, plants were further irrigated at either 0 mM NaCl, 200 mM NaCl, or rewatered to 0 mM NaCl (stress release). Upon salt stress, C. maritima plants exhibited reduced biomass production and shoot hydration which were associated with a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll a and b. However, under the same stressful conditions a significant increase of anthocyanin and malonyldialdehyde concentrations was noticed. Salt-stressed plants were able to maintain stable protein complexes of thylakoid membranes. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state showed that PSI was more susceptible for damage by salinity than PSII. PSII machinery was significantly enhanced under saline conditions. All measured parameters were partially restored under salt-stress release conditions. Photoinhibition of PSI was also reversible and C. maritima was able to successfully re-establish PSI machinery indicating the high contribution of chloroplasts in salt tolerance mechanisms of C. maritima. Overall, to overcome high salinity stress, C. maritima sets a cascade of physio-biochemical and molecular pathways. Chloroplasts seem to act as metabolic centers as part of this adaptive process enabling growth restoration in this halophyte following salt stress release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nèjia Farhat
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wafa Kouas
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Hameed A, Ahmed MZ, Hussain T, Aziz I, Ahmad N, Gul B, Nielsen BL. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:2023. [PMID: 34440792 PMCID: PMC8395010 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Tokarz KM, Wesołowski W, Tokarz B, Makowski W, Wysocka A, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Chrabaszcz K, Malek K, Kostecka-Gugała A. Stem Photosynthesis-A Key Element of Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) Acclimatisation to Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E685. [PMID: 33445673 PMCID: PMC7828162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Wesołowski
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman J. Jędrzejczyk
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Group, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Karolina Chrabaszcz
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Anna Kostecka-Gugała
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
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Pilarska M, Wiciarz M, Jajić I, Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno M, Dobrev P, Vanková R, Niewiadomska E. A Different Pattern of Production and Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species in Halophytic Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) Plants in Comparison to Arabidopsis thaliana and Its Relation to Salt Stress Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1179. [PMID: 27540390 PMCID: PMC4972836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolated thylakoids from halophytic Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) produces more H2O2 in comparison to glycophytic Arabidopsis thaliana. The first objective of this study was to verify whether this feature is relevant also to the intact chloroplasts and leaves. Enhanced H2O2 levels in chloroplasts and leaves of E. salsugineum were positively verified with several methods (electron microscopy, staining with Amplex Red and with diaminobenzidine). This effect was associated with a decreased ratio of [Formula: see text]/H2O2 in E. salsugineum in comparison to A. thaliana as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance method. As a next step, we tested how this specific ROS signature of halophytic species affects the antioxidant status and down-stream components of ROS signaling. Comparison of enzymatic antioxidants revealed a decreased activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), enhanced activity of glutathione peroxidase, and the presence of thylakoid-bound forms of iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and APX in E. salsugineum. These cues were, however, independent from application of salt stress. The typical H2O2-dependent cellular responses, namely the levels of glucosinolates and stress-related hormones were determined. The total glucosinolate content in E. salsugineum water-treated leaves was higher than in A. thaliana and increased after salinity treatment. Treatment with salinity up-regulated all of tested stress hormones, their precursors and catabolites [abscisic acid (ABA), dihydrophaseic acid, phaseic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine] in A. thaliana, whereas in E. salsugineum only a stimulation in ethylene synthesis and ABA catabolism was noted. Obtained results suggest that constitutively enhanced H2O2 generation in chloroplasts of E. salsugineum might be a crucial component of stress-prepardeness of this halophytic species. It shapes a very efficient antioxidant protection (in which glucosinolates might play a specific role) and a fine tuning of hormonal signaling to suppress the cell death program directed by jasmonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilarska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology – Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Monika Wiciarz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
| | - Ivan Jajić
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
| | | | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CRPrague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ewa Niewiadomska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology – Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewa Niewiadomska,
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