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Guo YS, Zuo TT, Chen AZ, Wang Z, Jin HY, Wei F, Li P, Ma SC. Progress in quality control, detection techniques, speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in marine traditional Chinese medicine. Chin Med 2023; 18:73. [PMID: 37328891 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine traditional Chinese medicines (MTCMs) hold a significant place in the rich cultural heritage in China. It plays an irreplaceable role in addressing human diseases and serves as a crucial pillar for the development of China's marine economy. However, the rapid pace of industrialization has raised concerns about the safety of MTCM, particularly in relation to heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal pollution poses a significant threat to the development of MTCM and human health, necessitating the need for detection analysis and risk assessment of heavy metals in MTCM. In this paper, the current research status, pollution situation, detection and analysis technology, removal technology and risk assessment of heavy metals in MTCM are discussed, and the establishment of a pollution detection database and a comprehensive quality and safety supervision system for MTCM is proposed. These measures aim to enhance understanding of heavy metals and harmful elements in MTCM. It is expected to provide a valuable reference for the control of heavy metals and harmful elements in MTCM, as well as the sustainable development and application of MTCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Sheng Guo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zuo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - An-Zhen Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Marine Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Hong-Yu Jin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Ping Li
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China.
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Fernández-Solis C, Keil P, Erbe A. Molybdate and Phosphate Cross-Linked Chitosan Films for Corrosion Protection of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19613-19624. [PMID: 37305241 PMCID: PMC10249392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly and sustainable methods to protect hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel from corrosion are extensively studied. Films of the biopolymer polyelectrolyte chitosan were ionically cross-linked in this work with the well-known corrosion inhibitors phosphate and molybdate. Layers on this basis are presented as components in a protective system and could, e.g., be applied in pretreatments similar to a conversion coating. For the preparation of the chitosan-based films, a procedure involving sol-gel chemistry and wet-wet application was utilized. Homogeneous films of few micrometers thickness were obtained on HDG steel substrates after thermal curing. Properties of chitosan-molybdate and chitosan-phosphate films were compared with purely passive epoxysilane-cross-linked chitosan, and pure chitosan. Delamination behavior of a poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) weak model top coating studied by scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) showed an almost linear time dependence over >10 h on all systems. Delamination rates were 0.28 mm h-1 (chitosan-molybdate) and 0.19 mm h-1 (chitosan-phosphate), ca. 5% of a non-cross-linked chitosan reference and slightly higher than of the epoxsyilane cross-linked chitosan. Immersion of the treated zinc samples over 40 h in 5% NaCl solution yielded a 5-fold increase of the resistance in the chitosan-molybdate system, as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Ion exchange of electrolyte anions with molybdate and phosphate triggers corrosion inhibition, presumably by reaction with the HDG surface as well described in the literature for these inhibitors. Thus, such surface treatments have potential for application, e.g., in temporary corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fernández-Solis
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Keil
- BASF
Coatings GmbH, Glasuritstraße
1, 48165 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Medvedeva AM, Biryukova OA, Kucherenko AV, Ilchenko YI, Minkina TM, Mandzhieva SS, Mazarji M. The effect of resource-saving tillage technologies on the mobility, distribution and migration of trace elements in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:85-100. [PMID: 34985628 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of agricultural tillage technologies on the accumulation and distribution of trace elements in the soil is poorly studied. At the same time, intensive agriculture requires large amounts of fertilizers, growth stimulators, pesticides, and other substances, which can effect the ecological safety of the plant products and soil. This paper represents studying the effect of various agricultural techniques (including resource-saving technologies) on the mobility and profile distribution of Pb, Zn, and Cu in Haplic Chernozem. No significant influence of resource-saving tillage technologies was found on the total Pb content. Contrary, the resource-saving tillage technologies was observed to promote the growth of the total Zn and Cu content depending on the cultivation method (by 26% Zn, 34% Cu at minimal tillage, and 28% for both elements using No-till in Ap horizon). Amongst different applied agrotechnologies, there was no influence found on the profile distribution of total elements content. Only two horizons showed the total Pb content accumulation: biogenic (Ap-A) and carbonate (BC-C) horizon. In contrast, the only biogenic accumulation for Zn was determined. Copper characterizes by even distribution over the soil profile. The use of resource-saving agricultural technologies increases exchangeable fraction of Zn, Pb and Cu in soil almost by 1.5-2.0 times in the Ap horizon compared to moldboard ploughing. Despite the increase in the exchangeable fraction of Zn and Cu, this amount of micronutrients is not enough for adequate plant nutrition. The use of various agricultural technologies at Haplic Chernozem led to changes in the distribution of studied elements' exchangeable fraction over the soil profile. The study results suggested a need to increase the amount of Cu and Zn fertilizers applied to the soil with resource-saving cultivation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Medvedeva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Prosp. Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090.
| | - Olga A Biryukova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Prosp. Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Alexey V Kucherenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Prosp. Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Yaroslav I Ilchenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Prosp. Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Tatiana M Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Prosp. Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Saglara S Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Prosp. Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Mahmoud Mazarji
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Prosp. Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
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Recent advances of chitosan-based polymers in biomedical applications and environmental protection. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC9167648 DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interest in polymer-based biomaterials such as chitosan and its modifications and also the methods of their application in various fields of science is uninterruptedly growing. Owing to unique physicochemical, biological, ecological, physiological properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability in the natural environment, non-toxicity, high biological activity, economic affordability, chelating of metal ions, high sorption properties, chitosan is used in various biomedical and industrial processes. The reactivity of the amino and hydroxyl groups in the structure makes it more interesting for diverse applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, regenerative medicine, blood anticoagulation and bone, tendon or blood vessel engineering, dentistry, biotechnology, biosensing, cosmetics, water treatment, agriculture. Taking into account the current situation in the world with COVID-19 and other viruses, chitosan is also active in the form of a vaccine system, it can deliver antibodies to the nasal mucosa and load gene drugs that prevent or disrupt the replication of viral DNA/RNA, and deliver them to infected cells. The presented article is an overview of the nowaday state of the application of chitosan, based on literature of recent years, showing importance of fundamental and applied studies aimed to expand application of chitosan-based polymers in many fields of science.
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Janik W, Nowotarski M, Shyntum DY, Banaś A, Krukiewicz K, Kudła S, Dudek G. Antibacterial and Biodegradable Polysaccharide-Based Films for Food Packaging Applications: Comparative Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093236. [PMID: 35591570 PMCID: PMC9103775 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the major objectives of food industry is to develop low-cost biodegradable food packaging films with optimal physicochemical properties, allowing for their large-scale production and providing a variety of applications. To meet the expectations of food industry, we have fabricated a series of solution-cast films based on common biodegradable polysaccharides (starch, chitosan and alginate) to be used in food packaging applications. Selected biopolymers were modified by the addition of glycerol and oxidized sucrose (starch), glycerol (chitosan), and glycerol and calcium chloride (alginate), as well as being used to form blends (starch/chitosan and starch/alginate, respectively). A chestnut extract was used to provide antibacterial properties to the preformed materials. The results of our studies showed that each modification reduced the hydrophilic nature of the polymers, making them more suitable for food packaging applications. In addition, all films exhibited much higher barrier properties to oxygen and carbon dioxide than commercially available films, such as polylactic acid, as well as exhibiting antimicrobial properties against model Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively), as well as yeast (Candida albicans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Janik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—The Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, PhD School, Silesian University of Technology, 2a Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-77-487-31-87
| | - Michał Nowotarski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.N.); (A.B.); (K.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Divine Yutefar Shyntum
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Angelika Banaś
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.N.); (A.B.); (K.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.N.); (A.B.); (K.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Stanisław Kudła
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—The Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Dudek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.N.); (A.B.); (K.K.); (G.D.)
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Allam AF, Hagras NAE, Farag HF, Osman MM, Shalaby TI, Kazem AH, Shehab AY, Mogahed NMFH. Remarkable histopathological improvement of experimental toxoplasmosis after receiving spiramycin-chitosan nanoparticles formulation. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:166-177. [PMID: 35299902 PMCID: PMC8901813 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-Toxoplasma effect of chitosan nanoparticles [CS NPs], spiramycin, spiramycin co-administered with metronidazole and spiramycin-CS NPs formulation on the parasite burden and histopathological changes in the liver, spleen and brain in experimentally infected mice. Seventy male Swiss albino mice were classified into seven equal groups: healthy control (I), infected untreated control (II), infected group receiving CS NPs (III), spiramycin administered infected group (IV), infected group receiving spiramycin-metronidazole (V), infected receiving 400 mg/kg spiramycin-CS NPs (VI) and infected treated with spiramycin-loaded CS NPs 100 mg/kg (VII). All groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 2500 T. gondii tachyzoites RH strain except the healthy control group. All groups were sacrificed on the 8th day after infection. Density of the parasite and histopathological examination of the liver, spleen and brain of all treated mice revealed reduction in the mean tachyzoites count as well as decreased inflammation, congestion and necrosis within tissue sections. Spiramycin-loaded NPs displayed the highest significant reduction in the pathological insult tailed by spiramycin-metronidazole and CS NPs. In conclusion, spiramycin-loaded CS NPs showed a promising synergistic combination in the treatment of the histopathology caused by toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Farahat Allam
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nancy Abd-elkader Hagras
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Fahmy Farag
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mervat Mostafa Osman
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Thanaa Ibrahim Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amani Hussein Kazem
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amel Youssef Shehab
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
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Rahman SU, Gong H, Mi R, Huang Y, Han X, Chen Z. Chitosan Protects Immunosuppressed Mice Against Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Through TLR4/STAT1 Signaling Pathways and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784683. [PMID: 35095858 PMCID: PMC8795679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum infection is very common in infants, immunocompromised patients, or in young ruminants, and chitosan supplementation exhibits beneficial effects against the infection caused by C. parvum. This study investigated whether chitosan supplementation modulates the gut microbiota and mediates the TLR4/STAT1 signaling pathways and related cytokines to attenuate C. parvum infection in immunosuppressed mice. Immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice were divided into five treatment groups. The unchallenged mice received a basal diet (control), and three groups of mice challenged with 1 × 106 C. parvum received a basal diet, a diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg/day paromomycin, and 1 mg/kg/day chitosan, and unchallenged mice treated with 1 mg/kg/day chitosan. Chitosan supplementation regulated serum biochemical indices and significantly (p < 0.01) reduced C. parvum oocyst excretion in infected mice treated with chitosan compared with the infected mice that received no treatment. Chitosan-fed infected mice showed significantly (p < 0.01) decreased mRNA expression levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to infected mice that received no treatment. Chitosan significantly inhibited TLR4 and upregulated STAT1 protein expression (p < 0.01) in C. parvum-infected mice. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that chitosan supplementation increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes/Bacteroides, while that of Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Defferribacteres, and Firmicutes decreased (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings revealed that chitosan supplementation can ameliorate C. parvum infection by remodeling the composition of the gut microbiota of mice, leading to mediated STAT1/TLR4 up- and downregulation and decreased production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and these changes resulted in better resolution and control of C. parvum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongsheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Basu S, Chatterjee S, Ray S, Maity S, Ghosh P, Bhaumik A, Mukhopadhyay C. Green synthesis of C5–C6-unsubstituted 1,4-DHP scaffolds using an efficient Ni–chitosan nanocatalyst under ultrasonic conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:133-142. [PMID: 35140814 PMCID: PMC8805040 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterogeneous and magnetically recyclable Ni–chitosan nanocatalyst was synthesized and thoroughly characterized by powder Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, etc. It was effectively utilized in the eco-friendly synthesis of new C5–C6-unsubstituted 1,4-DHPs under ultrasonic irradiation. The important focus of the methodology was to develop an environmentally friendly protocol with a short reaction time and a simple reaction procedure. The other advantages of this protocol are a wide substrate scope, a very good product yield, the use of an eco-friendly solvent and a recyclable nanocatalyst, as well as reaction at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Sauvik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Suman Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata-700073, India
| | - Suvendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India
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Sun MC, Xu XL, Du Y, Lou XF, Wang W, You YC, Liu D, Jin FY, Qi J, Zhu MX, Zhu LW, Wang J, Du YZ. Biomimetic Melanosomes Promote Orientation-Selective Delivery and Melanocyte Pigmentation in the H 2O 2-Induced Vitiligo Mouse Model. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17361-17374. [PMID: 34662120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extremely limited drug retention and depigmentation represent the greatest barriers against vitiligo treatment advancement. Here, inspired by biological melanosomes, the primary melanin transporter, we developed biomimetic melanosomes to combat reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated melanocyte damage and depigmentation. Briefly, methylprednisolone (MPS) and melanin-mimicking polydopamine (PDA) were encapsulated inside lysine-proline-valine (KPV)-modified deformable liposomes (KPV-Lipos). Owing to their phospholipid bilayer flexibility and the specific affinity for melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), KPV-Lipos exhibited 1.43-fold greater skin deposition than traditional liposomes. The binding of KPV and its receptor also contributed to activating the cAMP-tyrosinase (TYR) signaling pathway, improving the endogenous melanin content. In addition, PDA mimicked melanosomes as it effectively increased the exogenous melanin content and scavenged ROS. Meanwhile, MPS inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion, limiting the depigmented area. Ultimately, the biomimetic melanosomes affected the skin color of mice with H2O2-induced vitiligo. These melanosomes show potential as a universal platform for the self-supply of melanin by self-driven melanin synthesis with exogenous supplementation. Furthermore, this study offers ideas for the production of artificial packed melanosome substitutes for melanocyte-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chen Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Fang Lou
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yu-Chan You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei-Yang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min-Xia Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu-Wen Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Xiong S, Lyu Y, Davenport A, Choy KL. Sponge-like Chitosan Based Porous Monolith for Uraemic Toxins Sorption. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2247. [PMID: 34578563 PMCID: PMC8466498 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More than three million patients are treated for kidney failure world-wide. Haemodialysis, the most commonly used treatment, requires large amounts of water and generates mountains of non-recyclable plastic waste. To improve the environmental footprint, dialysis treatments need to develop absorbents to regenerate the waste dialysate. Whereas conventional dialysis clears water-soluble toxins, it is not so effective in clearing protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs), such as indoxyl sulfate (IS). Thus, developing absorption devices to remove both water-soluble toxins and PBUTs would be advantageous. Vapour induced phase separation (VIPS) has been used in this work to produce polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CS) composite symmetric porous monoliths with extra porous carbon additives to increase creatinine and albumin-bound IS absorption. Moreover, these easy-to-fabricate porous monoliths can be formed into the required geometry. The PCL/CS porous monoliths absorbed 436 μg/g of albumin-bound IS and 2865 μg/g of creatinine in a single-pass perfusion model within 1 h. This porous PCL/CS monolith could potentially be used to absorb uraemic toxins, including PBUTs, and thus allow the regeneration of waste dialysate and the development of a new generation of environmentally sustainable dialysis treatments, including wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Xiong
- UCL Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK;
| | - Yaxuan Lyu
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Andrew Davenport
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Kwang Leong Choy
- UCL Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK;
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11
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Sathisaran I, Balasubramanian M. Physical characterization of chitosan/gelatin-alginate composite beads for controlled release of urea. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05495. [PMID: 33251361 PMCID: PMC7677684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based controlled-release formulations are gaining significant advantage over chemical fertilizers in recent years as they contribute to the preservation of soil fertility by reducing soil pollution in farm lands. In this work, urea (a nitrogen source fertilizer) has been entrapped within chitosan-alginate and gelatin-alginate composite beads at three different concentrations. The physical properties of the polymer composite beads namely the diameter, porosity, yield percentage, Carr's index and Hausner's ratio were determined. These fertilizer-loaded beads were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Urea enhanced swelling of chitosan-alginate beads through the creation of pores whereas in the case of gelatin-alginate formulations, urea decreased the swelling. The swelling of the polymer composite beads was found to be maximum at pH of 5.6 when compared to that of pH conditions, 7 and 8.5. The chitosan-alginate composite beads were found to possess better fertilizer entrapping efficiency than the gelatin-alginate composite beads. The in vitro urea release studies demonstrated that the urea-entrapped gelatin-alginate beads exhibited slower urea release than that of the chitosan-alginate beads. These controlled release urea formulations were found to follow quasi-fickian diffusion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sathisaran
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
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Do MH, Dubreuil B, Peydecastaing J, Vaca-Medina G, Nhu-Trang TT, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Behra P. Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites for Glyphosate Detection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205942. [PMID: 33096666 PMCID: PMC7589946 DOI: 10.3390/s20205942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This article describes an optical method based on the association of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with chitosan (CS) film and its nanocomposites, including zinc oxide (ZnO) or graphene oxide (GO) for glyphosate detection. CS and CS/ZnO or CS/GO thin films were deposited on an Au chip using the spin coating technique. The characterization, morphology, and composition of these films were performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle technique. Sensor preparation conditions including the cross-linking and mobile phase (pH and salinity) were investigated and thoroughly optimized. Results showed that the CS/ZnO thin-film composite provides the highest sensitivity for glyphosate sensing with a low detection limit of 8 nM and with high reproducibility. From the Langmuir-type adsorption model and the effect of ionic strength, the adsorption mechanisms of glyphosate could be controlled by electrostatic and steric interaction with possible formation of 1:1 outer-sphere surface complexes. The selectivity of the optical method was investigated with respect to the sorption of glyphosate metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid) (AMPA), glufosinate, and one of the glufonisate metabolites (3-methyl-phosphinico-propionic acid) (MPPA). Results showed that the SPR sensor offers a very good selectivity for glyphosate, but the competition of other molecules could still occur in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huy Do
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31030 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (M.H.D.); (B.D.); (J.P.); (G.V.-M.)
- “Water–Environment–Oceanography” Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Brigitte Dubreuil
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31030 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (M.H.D.); (B.D.); (J.P.); (G.V.-M.)
| | - Jérôme Peydecastaing
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31030 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (M.H.D.); (B.D.); (J.P.); (G.V.-M.)
| | - Guadalupe Vaca-Medina
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31030 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (M.H.D.); (B.D.); (J.P.); (G.V.-M.)
- Centre d’Application et de Traitement des Agroressources (CATAR), Université de Toulouse, 31030 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
| | - Tran-Thi Nhu-Trang
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University (NTTU), 700000 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam;
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR 5280 CNRS-Université Claude Bernard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Philippe Behra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31030 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (M.H.D.); (B.D.); (J.P.); (G.V.-M.)
- “Water–Environment–Oceanography” Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
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Rameshthangam P, Solairaj D, Arunachalam G, Ramasamy P. Chitin and Chitinases: Biomedical And Environmental Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2690-4829.jen-18-2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disposal of chitin wastes from crustacean shell can cause environmental and health hazards. Chitin is a well known abundant natural polymer extracted after deproteinization and demineralization of the shell wastes of shrimp, crab, lobster, and krill. Extraction of chitin and its derivatives from waste material is one of the alternative ways to turn the waste into useful products. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitinases contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen in the ecosystem. Chitin and chitinolytic enzymes are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications. The presence of surface charge and multiple functional groups make chitin as a beneficial natural polymer. Due to the reactive functional groups chitin can be used for the preparation of a spectrum of chitin derivatives such as chitosan, alkyl chitin, sulfated chitin, dibutyryl chitin and carboxymethyl chitin for specific applications in different areas. The present review is aimed to summarize the efficacy of the chitinases on the chitin and its derivatives and their diverse applications in biomedical and environmental field. Further this review also discusses the synthesis of various chitin derivatives in detail and brings out the importance of chitin and its derivatives in biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanasekaran Solairaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gnanapragasam Arunachalam
- College of Poultry Productions and Management, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Hosur - 635 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Ramasamy
- Director- Research, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER- Bharath University, Chennai-600041, Tamil Nadu, India
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Roy H, Rahaman SA, Kumar TV, Nandi S. Current Development on Chitosan-based Antimicrobial Drug Formulations for the Wound Healing. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:534-541. [PMID: 31971111 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200123122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Derived from polyose, chitosan is an outstanding natural linear polysaccharide comprised of random arrangement of β-(1-4)-linked D-Glucosamine and N-acetyl-DGlucosamine units. OBJECTIVE Researchers have been using chitosan as a network forming or gelling agent with economically available, present polyose, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, protects against secretion from irritation and don't suffer the danger of transmission animal infective agent. METHODS Furthermore, recent studies gear up the chitosan used in the development of various biopharmaceutical formulations, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, implants, films, fibers, etc. Results: These formulations produce potential activities as antimicrobials, cancer treatment, medical aid, and wound healing, controlled unleash device or drug trigger retarding device and 3DBiomedical sponge, etc. Conclusion: The present article discusses the development of various drug formulations utilizing chitosan as biopolymers for the repairing of broken tissues and healing in case of wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harekrishna Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik A Rahaman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Theendra V Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Kashipur-244713, India
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Chitosan Biopolymer from Crab Shell as Recyclable Film to Remove/Recover in Batch Ketoprofen from Water: Understanding the Factors Affecting the Adsorption Process. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233810. [PMID: 31756964 PMCID: PMC6926638 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seafood, a delight for many people, is sold in the market as a wide variety of products. However, seafood industries produce many by-products; for example, during the processing, the heads and shells of shellfish are generated as waste. This results in the generation of a large amount of shell waste that is accumulated over time, inducing a major environmental concern. Effective solutions for recycling shell waste should be taken into consideration, and the extraction of commercially useful substances like chitin and its derivates, such as chitosan, could be a valid solution for reducing the seafood waste’s environmental impact. Thus, during this work, we propose the use of chitosan as biowaste, to induce the formation of solid films useful for decontaminating water from emerging pollutants. In particular, ketoprofen was used as a model contaminant, and a high percentage of removal, at least 90%, was obtained in a short time under our experimental conditions. Thus, a comprehensive investigation into the adsorption of ketoprofen onto chitosan film was performed, detailing the nature of the adsorption by studying the effects of pH, temperature changes, and electrolyte presence in the solutions containing the pollutant. The process was found to be pH-dependent, involving meanly electrostatic interactions between the pollutant molecules and chitosan. The endothermic character of the adsorption was inferred. The kinetics of the process was investigated, showing that the pseudo second-order kinetic model best fit the experimental data. A recycling process of the adsorbent was proposed; therefore, the adsorbed pollutant can be recovered by reusing the same adsorbent material for further consecutive cycles of adsorption without affecting the efficiency for ketoprofen removal from water.
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Ahmed SA, El-Mahallawy HS, Karanis P. Inhibitory activity of chitosan nanoparticles against Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2053-2063. [PMID: 31187224 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous harsh protozoan parasite that resists many disinfectants. It remains viable and infective for a long time in water and food causing global outbreaks. Chitosan (the deacetylated chitin molecule) was used in its nanosuspension form to evaluate its effect against Cryptosporidium parvum. The experiments were performed in vitro in serial concentrations and confirmed in mice in vivo infectivity assay. Chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) were toxic to Cryptosporidium oocysts. The effect appeared to decrease the number of Cryptosporidium oocysts and altered their content. The destruction rate of oocysts was dependent on the dose of chitosan and the time of exposure (P < 0.05). Higher doses of Cs NPs over a prolonged period exhibited a significantly higher destruction rate. Using staining and light microscopy, remarkable destructive changes were observed in the oocysts' morphology. The minimal lethal dose for > 90% of oocysts was 3000 μg/ml, no mice infections in vivo were observed. The results in this study elucidate Cs NPs as an effective anti-cryptosporidial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira A Ahmed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Heba S El-Mahallawy
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Behaviour and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Morin-Crini N, Lichtfouse E, Torri G, Crini G. Fundamentals and Applications of Chitosan. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 35 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16538-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thomas MS, Pillai PKS, Faria M, Cordeiro N, Barud H, Thomas S, Pothen LA. Electrospun polylactic acid-chitosan composite: a bio-based alternative for inorganic composites for advanced application. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:137. [PMID: 30120580 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating novel materials for biomedical applications mostly require the use of biodegradable materials. In this work biodegradable materials like polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CHS) were used for designing electrospun mats. This work reports the physical and chemical characterization of the PLA-CHS composite, prepared by the electrospinning technique using a mixed solvent system. The addition of chitosan into PLA, offered decrease in fiber diameter in the composites with uniformity in the distribution of fibers with an optimum at 0.4wt% CHS. The fiber formation and the reduction in fiber diameter were confirmed by the SEM micrograph. The inverse gas chromatography and contact angle measurements supported the increase of hydrophobicity of the composite membrane with increase of filler concentration. The weak interaction between PLA and chitosan was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The stability of the composite was established by zeta potential measurements. Cytotoxicity studies of the membranes were also carried out and found that up to 0.6% CHS the composite material was noncytotoxic. The current findings are very important for the design and development of new materials based on polylactic acid-chitosan composites for environmental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Sara Thomas
- International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mar Thoma College, Kuttapuzha P.O., Tiruvalla, Kerala, 689103, India
- Department of Chemistry, C.M.S. College, Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India
| | - Prasanth K S Pillai
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N0W4, Canada
| | - Marisa Faria
- Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- CIIMAR, University of Porto, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- CIIMAR, University of Porto, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Hernane Barud
- Institute of Chemistry-UNESP, CP 355, Zip 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Laly A Pothen
- International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
- Department of Chemistry, C.M.S. College, Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
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Karimi MH, Mahdavinia GR, Massoumi B, Baghban A, Saraei M. Ionically crosslinked magnetic chitosan/κ-carrageenan bioadsorbents for removal of anionic eriochrome black-T. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:361-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jeong SI, Park SC, Park SJ, Kim EJ, Heo H, Park JS, Gwon HJ, Lim YM, Jang MK. One-step synthesis of gene carrier via gamma irradiation and its application in tumor gene therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:525-536. [PMID: 29416333 PMCID: PMC5790097 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of developing drug-delivery systems, chemically synthesized gene carriers have shown limited applications in the biomedical fields due to several problems, such as low-grafting yields, undesirable reactions, difficulties in controlling the reactions, and high-cost production owing to multi-step manufacturing processes. Materials and methods We developed a 1-step synthesis process to produce 2-aminoethyl methacrylate-grafted water-soluble chitosan (AEMA-g-WSC) as a gene carrier, using gamma irradiation for simultaneous synthesis and sterilization, but no catalysts or photoinitiators. We analyzed the AEMA graft site on WSC using 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D NMR; 1H and 13C NMR), and assayed gene transfection effects in vitro and in vivo. Results We revealed selective grafting of AEMA onto C6-OH groups of WSC. AEMA-g-WSC effectively condensed plasmid DNA to form polyplexes in the size range of 170 to 282 nm. AEMA-g-WSC polyplexes in combination with psi-hBCL2 (a vector expressing short hairpin RNA against BCL2 mRNA) inhibited tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, respectively, by inducing apoptosis. Conclusion The simple grafting process mediated via gamma irradiation is a promising method for synthesizing gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung In Jeong
- Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup
| | - Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sun-Jeong Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Hun Heo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup
| | - Hui-Jeong Gwon
- Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup
| | - Youn-Mook Lim
- Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
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Crini G, Lichtfouse E, Wilson LD, Morin-Crini N. Adsorption-Oriented Processes Using Conventional and Non-conventional Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92111-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Implications of molecular diversity of chitin and its derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3513-3536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Waterborne chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreatments for corrosion protection of zinc. Biointerphases 2016; 11:021001. [PMID: 27009436 DOI: 10.1116/1.4944828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer-based systems are extensively studied as green alternatives for traditional polymer coatings, e.g., in corrosion protection. Chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid films are presented in this work as a chitosan-based protective system, which could, e.g., be applied in a pretreatment step. For the preparation of the chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid systems, a sol-gel procedure was applied. The function of the silane is to ensure adhesion to the substrate. On zinc substrates, homogeneous thin films with thickness of 50-70 nm were obtained after thermal curing. The hybrid-coated zinc substrates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As model corrosion experiments, linear polarization resistance was measured, and cathodic delamination of the weak polymer coating poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. Overall, chitosan-epoxysilane hybrid pretreated samples showed lower delamination rates than unmodified chitosan coatings and pure PVB. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed a reduced ion permeability and water uptake by chitosan-epoxysilane films compared to that of a nonmodified chitosan coating. Even though the coatings are hydrophobic and contain water, they slow down cathodic delamination by limiting ion transport.
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Cheung RCF, Ng TB, Wong JH, Chan WY. Chitosan: An Update on Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5156-86. [PMID: 26287217 PMCID: PMC4557018 DOI: 10.3390/md13085156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin. The low solubility of chitosan in neutral and alkaline solution limits its application. Nevertheless, chemical modification into composites or hydrogels brings to it new functional properties for different applications. Chitosans are recognized as versatile biomaterials because of their non-toxicity, low allergenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review presents the recent research, trends and prospects in chitosan. Some special pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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