1
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Röther A, Farmer JC, Portwich FL, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Anion-Dependent Reactivity of Mono- and Dinuclear Boron Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302544. [PMID: 37641815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The dinuclear bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) borane adduct 2 rapidly reacts with tritylium salts at room temperature but the outcome is strongly impacted by the respective counter-ion. Using tritylium tetrakis(perfluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate affords - depending on the solvent - either the bis(boronium) ion 4 or the hydride-bridged dication 5. In case of tritylium hexafluorophosphate, however, H/F exchange occurs between boron and phosphorus yielding the dinuclear BF3 adduct 3 along with phosphorus dihydride trifluoride. H/F exchange also takes place when using the mononuclear N-heterocyclic carbene BH3 adduct 6 and hence provides a facile route to PH2 F3 , which is usually synthesized in more complex reaction sequences regularly involving toxic hydrogen fluoride. DFT calculations shed light on the H/F exchange between the borenium ion and the [PF6 ]- counter-ion and the computed mechanism features only small barriers in line with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Röther
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - James C Farmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Flavio L Portwich
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
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2
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Skaria M, Culpepper JD, Daly SR. Leveraging Metal and Ligand Reactive Sites for One Pot Reactions: Ligand-Centered Borenium Ions for Tandem Catalysis with Palladium. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201791. [PMID: 35997655 PMCID: PMC9828003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tandem catalysts that perform two different organic transformations in a single pot are highly desirable because they enable rapid and efficient assembly of simple organic building blocks into more complex molecules. Many examples of tandem catalysis rely on metal-catalyzed reactions involving one or more metal complexes. Remarkably, despite surging interest in the development of chemically reactive (i. e., non-innocent) ligands, there are few examples of metal complexes that leverage ligand-centered reactivity to perform catalytic reactions in tandem with separate catalytic reactions at the metal. Here we report how multifunctional Pd complexes with triaminoborane-derived diphosphorus ligands, called TBDPhos, appear to facilitate borenium-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions at the ligand, and Pd-catalyzed Stille and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions at the metal. Both transformations can be accessed in one pot to afford rare examples of tandem catalysis using separate metal and ligand catalysis sites in a single complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Skaria
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaIowa CityIowa52242USA
| | | | - Scott R. Daly
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaIowa CityIowa52242USA
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3
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Maji S, Sarkar P, Das A, Pati SK, Mandal SK. Benzimidazolylidene-Stabilized Borenium Ion for Catalytic Hydrogenation of N-Heterocycles. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14282-14287. [PMID: 36047676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a benzimidazolylidene-stabilized borane adduct and its borenium ion. This borenium ion was used as a metal-free catalyst for hydrogenating various substituted quinoline N-heterocycles under ambient conditions. Furthermore, this method was utilized to synthesize two drug molecules: galipinine and angustureine. A detailed DFT study was performed to understand this metal-free catalytic hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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4
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Grundy ME, Yuan K, Nichol GS, Ingleson MJ. Zinc catalysed electrophilic C-H borylation of heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8190-8198. [PMID: 34194709 PMCID: PMC8208323 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01883c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic zinc Lewis acids catalyse the C-H borylation of heteroarenes using pinacol borane (HBPin) or catechol borane (HBCat). An electrophile derived from [IDippZnEt][B(C6F5)4] (IDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) combined with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT) proved the most active in terms of C-H borylation scope and yield. Using this combination weakly activated heteroarenes, such as thiophene, were amenable to catalytic C-H borylation using HBCat. Competition reactions show these IDipp-zinc cations are highly oxophilic but less hydridophilic (relative to B(C6F5)3), and that borylation proceeds via activation of the hydroborane (and not the heteroarene) by a zinc electrophile. Based on DFT calculations this activation is proposed to proceed by coordination of a hydroborane oxygen to the zinc centre to generate a boron electrophile that effects C-H borylation. Thus, Lewis acid binding to oxygen sites of hydroboranes represents an under-developed route to access reactive borenium-type electrophiles for C-H borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Grundy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Kang Yuan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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5
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Gupta R, Rezabal E, Hasrack G, Frison G. Comparison of Chemical and Interpretative Methods: the Carbon-Boron π-Bond as a Test Case*. Chemistry 2020; 26:17230-17241. [PMID: 32780465 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations and NBO, ETS-NOCV, QTAIM and ELF interpretative approaches have been carried out on C-donor ligand-stabilized dihydrido borenium cations. Numerous descriptors of the C-B π-bond strength obtained from orbital localization, energy partitioning or topological methods as well as from structural and chemical parameters have been calculated for 39 C-donor ligands including N-heterocyclic carbenes and carbones. Comparison of the results allows the identification of relative and absolute descriptors of the π interaction. For both families of descriptors excellent correlations are obtained. This enables the establishment of a π-donation capability scale and shows that the interpretative methods, despite their conceptual differences, describe the same chemical properties. These results also reveal noticeable shortcomings in these popular methods, and some precautions that need to be taken to interpret their results adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gupta
- LCM, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Elixabete Rezabal
- LCM, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.,Faculty of Chemistry, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia, Spain
| | - Golshid Hasrack
- LCM, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
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6
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Iqbal SA, Pahl J, Yuan K, Ingleson MJ. Intramolecular (directed) electrophilic C-H borylation. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4564-4591. [PMID: 32495755 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The intramolecular C-H borylation of (hetero)arenes and alkenes using electrophilic boranes is a powerful transition metal free methodology for forming C-B bonds. These C-H borylation reactions are preceded by intermolecular bond (both dative and covalent) formation, with examples proceeding via initial C-B and N-B bond formation dominating this field thus both are discussed in depth herein. Less prevalent intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation reactions that proceed by intermolecular O-B, S-B and P-B bond formation are also summarised. Mechanistic studies are presented that reveal two mechanisms for C-H borylation, (i) electrophilic aromatic substitution (prevalent with B-X electrophiles); (ii) σ-bond metathesis mediated (prevalent with B-H and B-R electrophiles). To date, intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation is utilised mainly for accessing boron containing conjugated organic materials, however recent developments, summarized herein alongside early studies, have highlighted the applicability of this methodology for forming synthetically versatile organo-boronate esters and boron containing bioactives. The multitude of synthetic procedures reported for intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation contain many common features and this enables key requirements for successful C-H borylation and the factors effecting regioselectivity and substrate scope to be identified, discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Iqbal
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - J Pahl
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - K Yuan
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - M J Ingleson
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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7
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Ben Saida A, Chardon A, Osi A, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Adjieufack AI, Champagne B, Berionni G. Pushing the Lewis Acidity Boundaries of Boron Compounds With Non‐Planar Triarylboranes Derived from Triptycenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16889-16893. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ben Saida
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Arnaud Osi
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Abel I. Adjieufack
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
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8
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Ben Saida A, Chardon A, Osi A, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Adjieufack AI, Champagne B, Berionni G. Pushing the Lewis Acidity Boundaries of Boron Compounds With Non‐Planar Triarylboranes Derived from Triptycenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ben Saida
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Arnaud Osi
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Abel I. Adjieufack
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of ChemistryNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversity of Namur 5000 Namur Belgium
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9
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Zhang L, Jiao L. Visible-Light-Induced Organocatalytic Borylation of Aryl Chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9124-9128. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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10
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11
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Lee K, Kim CW, Buckley JL, Vlaisavljevich B, Daly SR. Isolation of ligand-centered borocations in molybdenum complexes containing a triaminoborane-bridged diphosphorus ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3777-3785. [PMID: 30810573 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes that form isolable, ligand-centered borenium ions (i.e. reactive three-coordinate boron cations) are rare, especially with highly-versatile diphosphorus ligands. Here we report the first structurally-characterized examples of ligand-centered borocations in a class of diphosphorus ligands derived from the bicyclic triaminoborane 1,8,10,9-triazaboradecalin (TBD). Treating (PhTBDPhos)Mo(CO)4 (1) with HOTf or HNTf2 resulted in protonation of the bridgehead α-nitrogen on the TBD backbone and formation of ligand-centered borenium ions (1-HOTf and 1-HNTf2, respectively), whereas reaction of 1 with HBF4·Et2O resulted in protonation of two α-nitrogen atoms and fluoride abstraction from BF4- to form a four-coordinate borocation in [1-H2F][BF4]. Single-crystal XRD data confirmed the formation of the borocations, and multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy studies were used to interrogate the electronic environment at molybdenum and boron. The 11B NMR resonances for the borenium ions in 1-HOTf and 1-HNTf2 (δ 29.5 and 29.6 ppm) were more deshielded than the resonance for 1 (δ 25.9 ppm), consistent with the decreased electron density at boron. The 31P NMR data revealed similar trends in response to increasing protonation on the TBD backbone, and aligned well with small, stepwise increases in Mo-CO stretching frequencies that followed the order borane (1) < borenium (1-HOTf and 1-HNTf2) < boronium ([1-H2F][BF4]). Density functional theory calculations conducted on 1, 1-HOTf, and [1-H2F][BF4] revealed subtle changes in boron and nitrogen atomic charges consistent with those calculated for more well-established borenium ions in metal-free systems. Overall, the results confirm previous observations of latent borenium ion reactivity in TBDPhos complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghoon Lee
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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12
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Nguyen VD, Nguyen VT, Jin S, Dang HT, Larionov OV. Organoboron chemistry comes to light: recent advances in photoinduced synthetic approaches to organoboron compounds. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:584-602. [PMID: 31564756 PMCID: PMC6764765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced synthetic approaches to organoboron compounds have attracted significant attention in the recent years. Photochemical activation of organic molecules enables generation of reactive intermediates from a variety of precursors, resulting in borylation methods with improved and broader substrate scopes. The review summarizes recent developments in the area of photoinduced reactions of organoboron compounds with an emphasis on borylation of haloarenes, amine derivatives, and redox-active esters of carboxylic acids, as well as photoinduced rearrangements of organoboron compounds and photoinduced synthesis of organoboron compounds from alkenes and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Vu T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Shengfei Jin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Hang T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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13
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Major CJ, Bamford KL, Qu ZW, Stephan DW. Hydroboration without a B–H bond: reactions of the borinium cation [(iPr2N)2B]+ with alkyne, nitrile, ketone and diazomethane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5155-5158. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The borinium cation [(iPr2N)2B]+ (1+) is shown to react with PhCCH, PhCN, Ph2CO, and Ph2CN2 to effect a net hydroboration, affording borenium products of 1,1 and 1,2 hydroboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
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14
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Zhong Q, Qin S, Yin Y, Hu J, Zhang H. Boron(III)-Catalyzed C2-Selective C−H Borylation of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14891-14895. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Qin
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Youzhi Yin
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
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15
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Zhong Q, Qin S, Yin Y, Hu J, Zhang H. Boron(III)-Catalyzed C2-Selective C−H Borylation of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Qin
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Youzhi Yin
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
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16
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Wilkins LC, Soltani Y, Lawson JR, Slater B, Melen RL. Divergent Elementoboration: 1,3-Haloboration versus 1,1-Carboboration of Propargyl Esters. Chemistry 2018; 24:7364-7368. [PMID: 29700863 PMCID: PMC6055811 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This work showcases the 1,3-haloboration reaction of alkynes in which boron and chlorine add to propargyl systems in a proposed sequential oxazoliumborate formation with subsequent ring-opening and chloride migration. In addition, the functionalization of these propargyl esters with dimethyl groups in the propargylic position leads to stark differences in reactivity whereby a formal 1,1-carboboration prevails to give the 2,2-dichloro-3,4-dihydrodioxaborinine products as an intramolecular chelate. Density functional theory calculations are used to rationalize the distinct carboboration and haloboration pathways. Significantly, this method represents a metal-free route to highly functionalized compounds in a single step to give structurally complex products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C Wilkins
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Yashar Soltani
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - James R Lawson
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
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17
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Dagorne S, Wehmschulte R. Recent Developments on the Use of Group 13 Metal Complexes in Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Rudolf Wehmschulte
- Department of Chemistry; Florida Institute of Technology; 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne FL 32901 USA
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18
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Hahn J, Biswas S, Maichle-Mössmer C, Schrenk C, Schnepf A, Bettinger HF. Borenium and boronium ions of 5,6-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine and the reaction with non-nucleophilic base: trapping of a dimer and a trimer of BN-phenanthryne by 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
6-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine (1) reacts with pyridine derivatives to borenium or boronium ions. The boronium ion obtained from reaction with an excess of pyridine could be characterized structurally and transforms into the borenium ion in solution. The reaction of 1 with 2,2′-bipyridine (a) and derivatives (b: 6,6′-dimethyl; c: 4,4′-di-tert-butyl) results in spirocyclic boronium ions 8a–c of which 8b could be characterized by X-ray crystallography. Despite the chelate effect, the spirocyclic boronium ions readily undergo hydrolysis or alcoholysis. Treatment of the spirocyclic boronium ion 8c with potassium hexamethyl disilazide (KHMDS) results in neutral products that are monomers, dimers, or trimers of dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine (“BN-phenanthryne”) trapped with 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine by formation of B–C, B–N, or dative B–N bonds, indicative of deprotonation of NH and CH bonds of the boronium ion by KHMDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hahn
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Sunanda Biswas
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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19
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Radcliffe JE, Dunsford JJ, Cid J, Fasano V, Ingleson MJ. N-Heterocycle-Ligated Borocations as Highly Tunable Carbon Lewis Acids. Organometallics 2017; 36:4952-4960. [PMID: 29430073 PMCID: PMC5803673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The relative (to
BEt3) hydride ion affinity (HIA) of
a series of acridine borenium salts has been calculated, with some
HIAs found to be similar to that for [Ph3C]+. The HIA at the acridine C9 position is controlled by both acridine
and the boron substituents, the latter presumably affecting the strength
of the B=N bond in the acridane-BY2 products from
hydride transfer. Through a range of hydride abstraction benchmarking
reactions against organic hydride donors the experimental HIA of [F5acr-BCat]+ (cat = catechol, F5acr =
1,2,3,4,7-pentafluoroacridine) has been confirmed to be extremely
high and closely comparable to that of [Ph3C]+. The high HIA of [F5acr-BCat]+ enables H2 and alkene activation in a FLP with 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine. Finally, the HIA of pyridine and quinoline borenium
cations has been determined, with the HIA at boron in [PinB(amine)]+ (pin = pinacol, amine = pyridine or quinoline) found to be
relatively low. This enabled the hydroboration of pyridine and quinoline
by HBPin to be achieved through the addition of 5–10 mol %
of bench-stable cationic carbon Lewis acids such as 2-phenyl-N,N-dimethylimidazolium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Radcliffe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jay J Dunsford
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Cid
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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20
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Abstract
Until very recently, the term Lewis acidic ionic liquids (ILs) was nearly synonymous with halometallate ILs, with a strong focus on chloroaluminate(III) systems. The first part of this review covers the historical context in which these were developed, speciation of a range of halometallate ionic liquids, attempts to quantify their Lewis acidity, and selected recent applications: in industrial alkylation processes, in supported systems (SILPs/SCILLs) and in inorganic synthesis. In the last decade, interesting alternatives to halometallate ILs have emerged, which can be divided into two sub-sections: (1) liquid coordination complexes (LCCs), still based on halometallate species, but less expensive and more diverse than halometallate ionic liquids, and (2) ILs with main-group Lewis acidic cations. The two following sections cover these new liquid Lewis acids, also highlighting speciation studies, Lewis acidity measurements, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Brown
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - James M Hogg
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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22
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Liu YL, Kehr G, Daniliuc CG, Erker G. Metal-Free Arene and Heteroarene Borylation Catalyzed by Strongly Electrophilic Bis-boranes. Chemistry 2017; 23:12141-12144. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lin Liu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
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23
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Candish L, Teders M, Glorius F. Transition-Metal-Free, Visible-Light-Enabled Decarboxylative Borylation of Aryl N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7440-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Candish
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Teders
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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24
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Yin Q, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Borylation of Electron-Rich Arenes: Dramatic Rate Acceleration by Added Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3712-3717. [PMID: 28244623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the electrophilic C-H borylation of electron-rich aromatic compounds with catecholborane, the catalytic generation of the boron electrophile is initiated by heterolysis of the B-H bond by various Lewis and Brønsted acids, with a boronium ion formed exclusively. After ligand dissociation, the corresponding borenium ion undergoes regioselective electrophilic aromatic substitution on aniline derivatives as well as nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The catalysis is optimized using B(C6 F5 )3 as the initiator and proceeds without the addition of an external base or dihydrogen acceptor. Temperatures above 80 °C are generally required to secure efficient turnover in these Friedel-Crafts-type reactions. Mechanistic experiments reveal that regeneration of the boronium/borenium ion with dihydrogen release is rate-determining. This finding finally led to the discovery that, with added alkenes, catalytic C-H borylations can, for the first time, be carried out at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Yin Q, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Borylierung elektronenreicher Arene: starke Reaktionsbeschleunigung durch Versetzen mit Alkenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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26
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Matuszek K, Coffie S, Chrobok A, Swadźba-Kwaśny M. Borenium ionic liquids as catalysts for Diels–Alder reaction: tuneable Lewis superacids for catalytic applications. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids with Lewis superacidic borenium cations were used as catalysts in solvent-less Diels–Alder cycloaddition. The extremely high catalytic activity correlated with the Lewis acidity, expressed as the Gutmann acceptor number.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Matuszek
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - S. Coffie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
| | - A. Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - M. Swadźba-Kwaśny
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
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27
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Hogg JM, Brown LC, Matuszek K, Latos P, Chrobok A, Swadźba-Kwaśny M. Liquid coordination complexes of Lewis acidic metal chlorides: Lewis acidity and insights into speciation. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11561-11574. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acidic, liquid coordination complexes (LCCs) were synthesised from metal chlorides and trioctylphosphine or trioctylphosphine oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Hogg
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
| | - Lucy C. Brown
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
| | - Karolina Matuszek
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Piotr Latos
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
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28
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Abdalla JAB, Tirfoin RC, Niu H, Aldridge S. A zwitterionic hydrocarbon-soluble borenium ion based on a β-diketiminate backbone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5981-5984. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydrocarbon-soluble borenium/borate zwitterion has been developed which is more strongly Lewis acidic than B(C6F5)3, despite featuring a pendant (non-fluorinated) aryl group and two flanking N-donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. B. Abdalla
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Rémi C. Tirfoin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Haoyu Niu
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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29
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Lee Y, Baek SY, Park J, Kim ST, Tussupbayev S, Kim J, Baik MH, Cho SH. Chemoselective Coupling of 1,1-Bis[(pinacolato)boryl]alkanes for the Transition-Metal-Free Borylation of Aryl and Vinyl Halides: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:976-984. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeosan Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-yeol Baek
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Samat Tussupbayev
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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31
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Yin Q, Kemper S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Boron Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkenes with Pinacolborane: BAr F3 Does What B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 Cannot Do! Chemistry 2016; 22:13840-13844. [PMID: 27447683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-free hydroboration of various alkenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) initiated by tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane (BArF3 ) is reported. The choice of the boron Lewis acid is crucial as the more prominent boron Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6 F5 )3 ) is reluctant to react. Unlike B(C6 F5 )3 , BArF3 is found to engage in substituent redistribution with HBpin, resulting in the formation of ArF Bpin and the electron-deficient diboranes [H2 BArF ]2 and [(ArF )(H)B(μ-H)2 BArF2 ]. These in situ-generated hydroboranes undergo regioselective hydroboration of styrene derivatives as well as aliphatic alkenes with cis diastereoselectivity. Another ligand metathesis of these adducts with HBpin subsequently affords the corresponding HBpin-derived anti-Markovnikov adducts. The reactive hydroboranes are regenerated in this step, thereby closing the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Mfuh AM, Nguyen VT, Chhetri B, Burch JE, Doyle JD, Nesterov VN, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Additive- and Metal-Free, Predictably 1,2- and 1,3-Regioselective, Photoinduced Dual C-H/C-X Borylation of Haloarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8408-11. [PMID: 27347688 PMCID: PMC4958914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a simple, additive- and metal-free, photoinduced, dual C-H/C-X borylation of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoarenes. The reaction produces 1,2- and 1,3-diborylarenes on gram scales under batch and continuous flow conditions. The regioselectivity of the dual C-H/C-X borylation is determined by the solvent and the substituents in the parent haloarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelphe M. Mfuh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Vu T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Bhuwan Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jessica E. Burch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - John D. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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33
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Lam J, Günther BAR, Farrell JM, Eisenberger P, Bestvater BP, Newman PD, Melen RL, Crudden CM, Stephan DW. Chiral carbene-borane adducts: precursors for borenium catalysts for asymmetric FLP hydrogenations. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15303-15316. [PMID: 27383522 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The carbene derived from (1R,3S)-camphoric acid was used to prepare the borane adduct with Piers' borane 7. Subsequent hydride abstraction gave the borenium cation 8. Adducts with 9-BBN and the corresponding (1R,3S)-camphoric acid-derived carbene bearing increasingly sterically demanding N-substituents (R = Me 9, Et 10, i-Pr 11) and the corresponding borenium cations 12-14 were also prepared. These cations were not active as catalysts in hydrogenation, although 9-11 were shown to undergo carbene ring expansion reactions at 50 °C to give species 15-17. The IBOX-carbene precursors 18 and 19 derived from amino alcohols (S)-valinol and (S)-tert-leucinol (R = i-Pr, t-Bu) were used to prepare borane adducts 20-23. Reaction of the carbenes 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe), 1,3-di-iso-propylimidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (IBnMe), 1-methyl-3-phenylimidazol-2-ylidene (IPhMe) and 1-tert-butyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (ItBuMe) with diisopinocampheylborane (Ipc2BH) gave chiral adducts: (IMe)(Ipc2BH) 24, (IPr)(Ipc2BH) 25, (IBnMe)(Ipc2BH) 26, (IPhMe)(Ipc2BH) 27, and (ItBuMe)(Ipc2BH) 28. Triazolylidene-type adducts including the (10)-phenyl-9-borabicyclo [3.3.2]decane adduct of 1,3,4-triphenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazolium, rac-29 and the 9-BBN derivative of (S)-2-amino-2'-methoxy-1,1'-binaphthalene-1,2,3-triazolium 34a/b were also prepared. In catalytic studies of these systems, while several species were competent catalysts for imine reduction, in general, low enantioselectivities, ranging from 1-20% ee, were obtained. The implications for chiral borenium cation catalyst design are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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34
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Mfuh AM, Doyle JD, Chhetri B, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Scalable, Metal- and Additive-Free, Photoinduced Borylation of Haloarenes and Quaternary Arylammonium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2985-8. [PMID: 26914533 PMCID: PMC4974080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a simple, metal- and additive-free, photoinduced borylation of haloarenes, including electron-rich fluoroarenes, as well as arylammonium salts directly to boronic acids. This borylation method has a broad scope and functional group tolerance. We show that it can be further extended to boronic esters and carried out on gram scale as well as under flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelphe M. Mfuh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - John D. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Bhuwan Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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35
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McGough JS, Butler SM, Cade IA, Ingleson MJ. Highly selective catalytic trans-hydroboration of alkynes mediated by borenium cations and B(C 6F 5) 3. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3384-3389. [PMID: 29997833 PMCID: PMC6006955 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal free alkyne trans-hydroboration is achieved using strong boron electrophiles in the presence of a B–H moiety.
The trans-hydroboration of terminal alkynes mediated by borenium cations [NHC(9-BBN)]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, 9-BBN = 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane) exclusively affords Z-vinylboranes. NHCs and chelating dialkyl substituents on the borenium cation and “non”-basic anions were essential to preclude alternative reactions including dehydroboration. Deuterium labelling studies indicate the mechanism involves addition of the boron electrophile to the alkyne and transfer of hydride to the opposite face of the activated alkyne. trans-Hydroboration proceeds with only catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3 or [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] to activate the (NHC)9-BBN(H) precursor with the borenium regenerated in the hydride transfer step. The NHC can be removed from the trans-hydroborated products by the addition of Et2O–BF3 providing access to vinylBBN species effective for Suzuki–Miyaura couplings to generate Z-alkenes. Combinations of catalytic B(C6F5)3 and stoichiometric [HB(C6F5)3]– also lead to trans-hydroboration of terminal alkynes to form Z-isomers of [arylCH
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CHB(C6F5)3]–.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S McGough
- University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL. , UK .
| | - Samuel M Butler
- University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL. , UK .
| | - Ian A Cade
- University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL. , UK .
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36
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Crossley DL, Cid J, Curless LD, Turner ML, Ingleson MJ. Facile Arylation of Four-Coordinate Boron Halides by Borenium Cation Mediated Boro-desilylation and -destannylation. Organometallics 2015; 34:5767-5774. [PMID: 27064894 PMCID: PMC4819459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The addition of AlCl3 to four-coordinate boranes of
the general formula (C–N-chelate)BCl2 results in
halide abstraction and formation of three-coordinate borenium cations
of the general formula [(C–N-chelate)BCl]+. The
latter react with both arylstannanes and arylsilanes by boro-destannylation
and -desilylation, respectively, to form arylated boranes. Catalytic
quantities of AlCl3 were sufficient to effect high-yielding
arylation of (C–N-chelate)BCl2. Boro-destannylation
is more rapid than boro-desilylation and leads to double arylation
at the boron center, whereas in reactions with arylsilanes either
single or double arylation occurs dependent on the nucleophilicity
of the arylsilane and on the electrophilicity of the borenium cation.
The electrophilicity of the borenium cation derived from 2-phenylpyridine
was greater than that of the benzothiadiazole analogues, enabling
the boro-desilyation of less nucleophilic silanes and the direct electrophilic
borylation of 2-methylthiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Crossley
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Cid
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Liam D Curless
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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37
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Prokofjevs A. Thermal Dehydrogenation of Base-Stabilized B2H5(+) Complexes and Its Role in C-H Borylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13401-5. [PMID: 26377358 PMCID: PMC4704089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermally induced dehydrogenation of the H-bridged cation L2B2H5(+) (L=Lewis base) is proposed to be the key step in the intramolecular C-H borylation of tertiary amine boranes activated with catalytic amounts of strong "hydridophiles". Loss of H2 from L2B2H5(+) generates the highly reactive cation L2B2H3(+), which in its sp(2)-sp(3) diborane(4) form then undergoes either an intramolecular C-H insertion with B-B bond cleavage, or captures BH3 to produce L2B3H6(+). The effect of the counterion stability on the outcome of the reaction is illustrated by formation of LBH2C6F5 complexes through disproportionation of L2B2H5(+) HB(C6F5)3(-) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA).
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA).
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38
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Prokofjevs A. Thermal Dehydrogenation of Base‐Stabilized B
2
H
5
+
Complexes and Its Role in CH Borylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA)
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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39
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Coffie S, Hogg JM, Cailler L, Ferrer‐Ugalde A, Murphy RW, Holbrey JD, Coleman F, Swadźba‐Kwaśny M. Lewis Superacidic Ionic Liquids with Tricoordinate Borenium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14970-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sesime Coffie
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - James M. Hogg
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Lucie Cailler
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Albert Ferrer‐Ugalde
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Richard W. Murphy
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - John D. Holbrey
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Fergal Coleman
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Małgorzata Swadźba‐Kwaśny
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
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40
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Coffie S, Hogg JM, Cailler L, Ferrer‐Ugalde A, Murphy RW, Holbrey JD, Coleman F, Swadźba‐Kwaśny M. Lewis Superacidic Ionic Liquids with Tricoordinate Borenium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sesime Coffie
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - James M. Hogg
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Lucie Cailler
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Albert Ferrer‐Ugalde
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Richard W. Murphy
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - John D. Holbrey
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Fergal Coleman
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Małgorzata Swadźba‐Kwaśny
- The QUILL Research Centre, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG (UK)
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41
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Warner AJ, Lawson JR, Fasano V, Ingleson MJ. Formation of C(sp(2))-boronate esters by borylative cyclization of alkynes using BCl3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11245-9. [PMID: 26237115 PMCID: PMC4832827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BCl3 is an inexpensive electrophile which induces the borylative cyclization of a wide range of substituted alkynes to regioselectively form polycycles containing synthetically versatile C(sp(2) )boronate esters. It proceeds rapidly, with good yields and is compatible with a range of functional groups and substitution patterns. Intermolecular 1,2-carboboration of alkynes is also achieved using BCl3 to generate trisubstituted vinyl boronate esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Warner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - James R Lawson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK).
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42
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Warner AJ, Lawson JR, Fasano V, Ingleson MJ. Formation of C(sp2)Boronate Esters by Borylative Cyclization of Alkynes Using BCl3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Curless LD, Clark ER, Cid J, Del Grosso A, Ingleson MJ. Complete reductive cleavage of CO facilitated by highly electrophilic borocations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10903-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CO undergoes complete reductive cleavage using highly electrophilic hydride bridged borocations to ultimately yield trimethylboroxine and the boronium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewan R. Clark
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Jessica Cid
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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