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Cetin-Atalay R, Meliton AY, Wu D, Woods PS, Sun KA, Peng YJ, Nanduri J, Su X, Fang Y, Hamanaka RB, Prabhakar N, Mutlu GM. Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Activation of Endothelial Cells Is Mediated via Sympathetic Activation-Dependent Catecholamine Release. Front Physiol 2021; 12:701995. [PMID: 34322038 PMCID: PMC8311436 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.701995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common breathing disorder affecting a significant percentage of the adult population. OSA is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Since the severity of hypoxia correlates with some of the cardiovascular effects, intermittent hypoxia (IH) is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which OSA may cause CVD. Here, we investigated the effect of IH on endothelial cell (EC) activation, characterized by the expression of inflammatory genes, that is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Exposure of C57BL/6 mice to IH led to aortic EC activation, while in vitro exposure of ECs to IH failed to do so, suggesting that IH does not induce EC activation directly, but indirectly. One of the consequences of IH is activation of the sympathetic nervous system and catecholamine release. We found that exposure of mice to IH caused elevation of circulating levels of catecholamines. Inhibition of the IH-induced increase in catecholamines by pharmacologic inhibition or by adrenalectomy or carotid body ablation prevented the IH-induced EC activation in mice. Supporting a key role for catecholamines, epinephrine alone was sufficient to cause EC activation in vivo and in vitro. Together, these results suggested that IH does not directly induce EC activation, but does so indirectly via release of catecholamines. These results suggest that targeting IH-induced sympathetic nerve activity and catecholamine release may be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the CV effects of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Angelo Y Meliton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Parker S Woods
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Integrative Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Integrative Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Integrative Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Integrative Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Integrative Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nanduri Prabhakar
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Integrative Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Integrative Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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2
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Fan YN, Li C, Huang L, Chen L, Tang Z, Han G, Liu Y. Characterization of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Rat and Human Adrenal Glands. Front Physiol 2020; 11:401. [PMID: 32536873 PMCID: PMC7267184 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate and its receptors have been demonstrated to promote both basal and nicotine-evoked catecholamine release in bovine chromaffin cells. Multiple glutamate receptors, including metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), are found in the adrenal glands of several species, as well as in chromaffin cells. However, there is limited information available regarding the expression of glutamate metabotropic receptor (GRM)1-8 mRNAs and the detailed localization of group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and mGluR5) in the rat and human adrenal cortex and medulla. Therefore, we examined mRNA expression of GRM1-8 subunits using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the distribution of mGluR1 and mGluR5 by immunostaining. The results showed that the GRM1-8 mRNAs were expressed in both the cortex and medulla of rat and human adrenal glands with the exception of GRM1, which was not detectable in the rat adrenal cortex. Immunostaining of mGluR1 revealed that it was localized only in the adrenal medulla of rats but was present in both the adrenal cortex and medulla in humans. In the adrenal medulla, the central part of the adrenal glands, mGluR1 was detected in chromaffin cells but not in nerve fibers and ganglion cells. Immunoactivity of mGluR5 was visible in the capillary wall throughout the adrenal cortex and medulla in rat and human samples. Its immunoactivity was also observed in ganglion cells in the rat adrenal medulla. There was no mGluR5 immunoactivity detected in chromaffin cells and nerve fibers in the rat and human adrenal medulla. Using dissected rat adrenal medulla as a model, we found that treatment with a mGluR1 agonist activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis. Moreover, these results showed that mGluR1 signaling was involved in hypoxia-induced upregulation of TH in the rat adrenal medulla. This study shows the expression of GRM1-8 mRNAs in rat and human adrenal glands and indicates that glutamate, through the activation of mGluRs, may play various physiological roles in the adrenal gland. Furthermore, mGluR1 may be involved in catecholamine biosynthesis by regulating TH, and mGluR5 may affect cortical and medullar hormone levels by regulating microvascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repairment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Neurology Institute, Weihui, China
| | - Chaohong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repairment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Neurology Institute, Weihui, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repairment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Neurology Institute, Weihui, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhao Tang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repairment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Neurology Institute, Weihui, China
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3
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AlMarabeh S, Abdulla MH, O'Halloran KD. Is Aberrant Reno-Renal Reflex Control of Blood Pressure a Contributor to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension? Front Physiol 2019; 10:465. [PMID: 31105584 PMCID: PMC6491928 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal sensory nerves are important in the regulation of body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, and blood pressure. Activation of renal mechanoreceptor afferents triggers a negative feedback reno-renal reflex that leads to the inhibition of sympathetic nervous outflow. Conversely, activation of renal chemoreceptor afferents elicits reflex sympathoexcitation. Dysregulation of reno-renal reflexes by suppression of the inhibitory reflex and/or activation of the excitatory reflex impairs blood pressure control, predisposing to hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is causally related to hypertension. Renal denervation in patients with OSAS or in experimental models of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a cardinal feature of OSAS due to recurrent apnoeas (pauses in breathing), results in a decrease in circulating norepinephrine levels and attenuation of hypertension. The mechanism of the beneficial effect of renal denervation on blood pressure control in models of CIH and OSAS is not fully understood, since renal denervation interrupts renal afferent signaling to the brain and sympathetic efferent signals to the kidneys. Herein, we consider the currently proposed mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension in CIH disease models with a focus on oxidative and inflammatory mediators in the kidneys and their potential influence on renal afferent control of blood pressure, with wider consideration of the evidence available from a variety of hypertension models. We draw focus to the potential contribution of aberrant renal afferent signaling in the development, maintenance and progression of high blood pressure, which may have relevance to CIH-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara AlMarabeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mohammed H Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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4
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Guyenet PG, Stornetta RL, Holloway BB, Souza GMPR, Abbott SBG. Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla and Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 72:559-566. [PMID: 30354763 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice G Guyenet
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ruth L Stornetta
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Benjamin B Holloway
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - George M P R Souza
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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5
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Boehme J, Le Moan N, Kameny RJ, Loucks A, Johengen MJ, Lesneski AL, Gong W, Goudy BD, Davis T, Tanaka K, Davis A, He Y, Long-Boyle J, Ivaturi V, Gobburu JVS, Winger JA, Cary SP, Datar SA, Fineman JR, Krtolica A, Maltepe E. Preservation of myocardial contractility during acute hypoxia with OMX-CV, a novel oxygen delivery biotherapeutic. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005924. [PMID: 30335746 PMCID: PMC6193608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart exhibits the highest basal oxygen (O2) consumption per tissue mass of any organ in the body and is uniquely dependent on aerobic metabolism to sustain contractile function. During acute hypoxic states, the body responds with a compensatory increase in cardiac output that further increases myocardial O2 demand, predisposing the heart to ischemic stress and myocardial dysfunction. Here, we test the utility of a novel engineered protein derived from the heme-based nitric oxide (NO)/oxygen (H-NOX) family of bacterial proteins as an O2 delivery biotherapeutic (Omniox-cardiovascular [OMX-CV]) for the hypoxic myocardium. Because of their unique binding characteristics, H-NOX–based variants effectively deliver O2 to hypoxic tissues, but not those at physiologic O2 tension. Additionally, H-NOX–based variants exhibit tunable binding that is specific for O2 with subphysiologic reactivity towards NO, circumventing a significant toxicity exhibited by hemoglobin (Hb)-based O2 carriers (HBOCs). Juvenile lambs were sedated, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented to measure cardiovascular parameters. Biventricular admittance catheters were inserted to perform pressure-volume (PV) analyses. Systemic hypoxia was induced by ventilation with 10% O2. Following 15 minutes of hypoxia, the lambs were treated with OMX-CV (200 mg/kg IV) or vehicle. Acute hypoxia induced significant increases in heart rate (HR), pulmonary blood flow (PBF), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (p < 0.05). At 1 hour, vehicle-treated lambs exhibited severe hypoxia and a significant decrease in biventricular contractile function. However, in OMX-CV–treated animals, myocardial oxygenation was improved without negatively impacting systemic or PVR, and both right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) contractile function were maintained at pre-hypoxic baseline levels. These data suggest that OMX-CV is a promising and safe O2 delivery biotherapeutic for the preservation of myocardial contractility in the setting of acute hypoxia. While hemoglobin is the primary oxygen delivery molecule used to maintain tissue oxygenation in metazoans, many organisms have other heme-containing proteins that can bind oxygen and other diatomic gases. Here, we tested whether a member of the H-NOX family of heme-containing proteins found in the thermostable bacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis can be engineered to deliver oxygen to severely hypoxic tissues in large mammals. This class of molecules has the advantage of high oxygen affinity and minimal nitric oxide reactivity. We demonstrate that these molecules can effectively deliver oxygen to a lamb heart with induced severe hypoxia, without overexposing the animal to oxygen or triggering systemic vascular reactivity. These molecules thus represent a novel class of oxygen delivery biotherapeutics to specifically target hypoxic tissue beds without the toxicity concerns of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. As tissue hypoxia is a central feature of many disease processes, this therapeutic approach may have broad clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Boehme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Natacha Le Moan
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Kameny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Michael J. Johengen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Lesneski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wenhui Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Goudy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tina Davis
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Tanaka
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Davis
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Youping He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Janel Long-Boyle
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Vijay Ivaturi
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Jogarao V. S. Gobburu
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen P. Cary
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjeev A. Datar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Krtolica
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AK); (EM)
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AK); (EM)
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6
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Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene expression in PC12 cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 666:169-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Patinha D, Pijacka W, Paton JFR, Koeners MP. Cooperative Oxygen Sensing by the Kidney and Carotid Body in Blood Pressure Control. Front Physiol 2017; 8:752. [PMID: 29046642 PMCID: PMC5632678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen sensing mechanisms are vital for homeostasis and survival. When oxygen levels are too low (hypoxia), blood flow has to be increased, metabolism reduced, or a combination of both, to counteract tissue damage. These adjustments are regulated by local, humoral, or neural reflex mechanisms. The kidney and the carotid body are both directly sensitive to falls in the partial pressure of oxygen and trigger reflex adjustments and thus act as oxygen sensors. We hypothesize a cooperative oxygen sensing function by both the kidney and carotid body to ensure maintenance of whole body blood flow and tissue oxygen homeostasis. Under pathological conditions of severe or prolonged tissue hypoxia, these sensors may become continuously excessively activated and increase perfusion pressure chronically. Consequently, persistence of their activity could become a driver for the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypoxia-mediated renal and carotid body afferent signaling triggers unrestrained activation of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Renal and carotid body mediated responses in arterial pressure appear to be synergistic as interruption of either afferent source has a summative effect of reducing blood pressure in renovascular hypertension. We discuss that this cooperative oxygen sensing system can activate/sensitize their own afferent transduction mechanisms via interactions between the RAAS, hypoxia inducible factor and erythropoiesis pathways. This joint mechanism supports our view point that the development of cardiovascular disease involves afferent nerve activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patinha
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Wioletta Pijacka
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Julian F R Paton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten P Koeners
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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8
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Dehn S, DeBerge M, Yeap XY, Yvan-Charvet L, Fang D, Eltzschig HK, Miller SD, Thorp EB. HIF-2α in Resting Macrophages Tempers Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species To Selectively Repress MARCO-Dependent Phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3639-3649. [PMID: 27671111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α isoforms regulate key macrophage (MΦ) functions during ischemic inflammation. HIF-2α drives proinflammatory cytokine production; however, the requirements for HIF-2α during other key MΦ functions, including phagocytosis, are unknown. In contrast to HIF-1α, HIF-2α was not required for hypoxic phagocytic uptake. Surprisingly, basal HIF-2α levels under nonhypoxic conditions were necessary and sufficient to suppress phagocytosis. Screening approaches revealed selective induction of the scavenger receptor MARCO, which was required for enhanced engulfment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the antioxidant NRF2 as being directly responsible for inducing Marco Concordantly, Hif-2α-/- MΦs exhibited reduced antioxidant gene expression, and inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species suppressed Marco expression and phagocytic uptake. Ex vivo findings were recapitulated in vivo; the enhanced engulfment phenotype resulted in increased bacterial clearance and cytokine suppression. Importantly, natural induction of Hif-2α by IL-4 also suppressed MARCO-dependent phagocytosis. Thus, unlike most characterized prophagocytic regulators, HIF-2α can act as a phagocytic repressor. Interestingly, this occurs in resting MΦs through tempering of steady-state mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In turn, HIF-2α promotes MΦ quiescence by blocking a MARCO bacterial-response pathway. IL-4 also drives HIF-2α suppression of MARCO, leading to compromised bacterial immunosurveillance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Dehn
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Xin-Yi Yeap
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- INSERM U1065, Centre Mediterraneen de Medecine Moleculaire, Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; .,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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9
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Morgan BJ, Bates ML, Rio RD, Wang Z, Dopp JM. Oxidative stress augments chemoreflex sensitivity in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 234:47-59. [PMID: 27595979 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia (CIH) elicits plasticity of the carotid sinus and phrenic nerves via reactive oxygen species (ROS). To determine whether CIH-induced alterations in ventilation, metabolism, and heart rate are also dependent on ROS, we measured responses to acute hypoxia in conscious rats after 14 and 21 d of either CIH or normoxia (NORM), with or without concomitant administration of allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), combined allopurinol plus losartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist), or apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Carotid body nitrotyrosine production was measured by immunohistochemistry. CIH produced an increase in the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia that was virtually eliminated by all three pharmacologic interventions. CIH caused a robust increase in carotid body nitrotyrosine production that was greatly attenuated by allopurinol plus losartan and by apocynin but unaffected by allopurinol. CIH caused a decrease in metabolic rate and a reduction in hypoxic bradycardia. Both of these effects were prevented by allopurinol, allopurinol plus losartan, and apocynin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Morgan
- John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Melissa L Bates
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John M Dopp
- Pharmacy Practice Division, School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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10
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Gileles-Hillel A, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D. Biological plausibility linking sleep apnoea and metabolic dysfunction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:290-8. [PMID: 26939978 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a very common disorder that affects 10-25% of the general population. In the past two decades, OSA has emerged as a cardiometabolic risk factor in both paediatric and adult populations. OSA-induced metabolic perturbations include dyslipidaemia, atherogenesis, liver dysfunction and abnormal glucose metabolism. The mainstay of treatment for OSA is adenotonsillectomy in children and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in adults. Although these therapies are effective at resolving the sleep-disordered breathing component of OSA, they do not always produce beneficial effects on metabolic function. Thus, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which OSA influences metabolic dysfunction might yield improved therapeutic approaches and outcomes. In this Review, we summarize the evidence obtained from animal models and studies of patients with OSA of potential mechanistic pathways linking the hallmarks of OSA (intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation) with metabolic dysfunction. Special emphasis is given to adipose tissue dysfunction induced by sleep apnoea, which bears a striking resemblance to adipose dysfunction resulting from obesity. In addition, important gaps in current knowledge and promising lines of future investigation are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Room 4100, 900 East 57th Street, Mailbox 4, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA
| | - Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Room 4100, 900 East 57th Street, Mailbox 4, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Room 4100, 900 East 57th Street, Mailbox 4, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA
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