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Zhang C, Li Z, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang H, Lee WG, Yao C, Guo H, Xu F. Synthetic Gene Circuit-Based Assay with Multilevel Switch Enables Background-Free and Absolute Quantification of Circulating Tumor DNA. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0217. [PMID: 37789988 PMCID: PMC10543738 DOI: 10.34133/research.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection has found widespread applications in tumor diagnostics and treatment, where the key is to obtain accurate quantification of ctDNA. However, this remains challenging due to the issue of background noise associated with existing assays. In this work, we developed a synthetic gene circuit-based assay with multilevel switch (termed CATCH) for background-free and absolute quantification of ctDNA. The multilevel switch combining a small transcription activating RNA and a toehold switch was designed to simultaneously regulate transcription and translation processes in gene circuit to eliminate background noise. Moreover, such a multilevel switch-based gene circuit was integrated with a Cas9 nickase H840A (Cas9n) recognizer and a molecular beacon reporter to form CATCH for ctDNA detection. The CATCH can be implemented in one-pot reaction at 35 °C with virtually no background noise, and achieve robust absolute quantification of ctDNA when integrated with a digital chip (i.e., digital CATCH). Finally, we validated the clinical capability of CATCH by detecting drug-resistant ctDNA mutations from the plasma of 76 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, showing satisfying clinical sensitivity and specificity. We envision that the simple and robust CATCH would be a powerful tool for next-generation ctDNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education,
School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Zedong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education,
School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- TFX Group-Xi'an Jiaotong University Institute of Life Health, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education,
School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education,
School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Haoqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education,
School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Won Gu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital,
Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education,
School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
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2
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Wang Z, Lei P, Li Z, Han X, Yang F, Su T, Meng C, Hou Z, Liu H. Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Reveal the Oncogenic Role of PTK7-NDRG1 Axis in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cell Resistance to AZD9291. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2849-2862. [PMID: 36205702 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the most important chemotherapeutics for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. The resistance to EGFR-TKIs is one of the biggest obstacles to NSCLC outcome. In this study, taking advantage of phospho- and proximal proteomic techniques, we analyzed the network rearrangement in cell lines responding to AZD9291 treatment and found that cell-cell adhesion was dramatically enhanced in AZD9291-resistant cells. Further analysis revealed that protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) expression was significantly elevated. Knockdown or overexpression assays showed that PTK7 played a critical role in improving cell adhesion, which enhanced drug resistance. Because PTK7 is a membrane-localized pseudokinase, the proximal labeling probe BirA* was fused to reveal PTK7-interacting proteins. We found that PTK7 interacted with and stabilized NDRG1, which is located predominantly adjacent to adherens junctions. Downregulation of PTK7 or NDRG1 eliminated the resistance of H1975-resistant (H1975-R) and PC9-resistant (PC9-R) cells to AZD9291, suggesting that the PTK7-NDRG1 axis might be a potential target to eliminate the EGFR-TKI resistance during NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Lei
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiting Meng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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3
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Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors: molecular mechanisms and future perspective. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:329. [PMID: 36115852 PMCID: PMC9482625 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractProtein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal function is essential for maintaining normal cell growth and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of PTKs caused by various factors can deviate cell function from the expected trajectory to an abnormal growth state, leading to carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the aberrant PTK function could inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), target-specific inhibitors of PTKs, have been used in treating malignant tumors and play a significant role in targeted therapy of cancer. Currently, drug resistance is the main reason for limiting TKIs efficacy of cancer. The increasing studies indicated that tumor microenvironment, cell death resistance, tumor metabolism, epigenetic modification and abnormal metabolism of TKIs were deeply involved in tumor development and TKI resistance, besides the abnormal activation of PTK-related signaling pathways involved in gene mutations. Accordingly, it is of great significance to study the underlying mechanisms of TKIs resistance and find solutions to reverse TKIs resistance for improving TKIs efficacy of cancer. Herein, we reviewed the drug resistance mechanisms of TKIs and the potential approaches to overcome TKI resistance, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TKIs.
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Discovery of mobocertinib, a new irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. Med Chem Res 2022; 31:1647-1662. [PMID: 36065226 PMCID: PMC9433531 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is essential for normal cellular functions. Mutations of EGFR’s kinase domain can cause dysregulation leading to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in EGFR are one of the leading contributors to oncogenesis and confer insensitivity to most available therapeutics. Mobocertinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) recently approved by the US FDA as a first-in-class small molecule therapeutic for EGFR ex20ins-positive NSCLC. When compared to osimertinib, a TKI indicated for the treatment of EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC, mobocertinib differs only by the presence of an additional C5-carboxylate isopropyl ester group on the middle pyrimidine core. Together with the acrylamide side chain that is responsible for irreversible inhibition, this additional C5-substituent affords mobocertinib high anticancer potency and specificity to EGFR ex20ins-positive lung cancer that is resistant to other EGFR TKIs. This review article provides an overview of the discovery of mobocertinib from osimertinib including their structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, preclinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications. The discovery and use of mobocertinib and other EGFR TKIs demonstrate the power of structure-based drug design and promising therapeutic outcomes of using precision medicine approaches in the management of molecularly defined tumors. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Dang DT. Molecular Approaches to Protein Dimerization: Opportunities for Supramolecular Chemistry. Front Chem 2022; 10:829312. [PMID: 35211456 PMCID: PMC8861298 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.829312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein dimerization plays a key role in many biological processes. Most cellular events such as enzyme activation, transcriptional cofactor recruitment, signal transduction, and even pathogenic pathways are significantly regulated via protein-protein interactions. Understanding and controlling the molecular mechanisms that regulate protein dimerization is crucial for biomedical applications. The limitations of engineered protein dimerization provide an opportunity for molecular chemistry to induce dimerization of protein in biological events. In this review, molecular control over dimerization of protein and activation in this respect are discussed. The well known molecule glue-based approaches to induced protein dimerization provide powerful tools to modulate the functionality of dimerized proteins and are shortly highlighted. Subsequently metal ion, nucleic acid and host-guest chemistry are brought forward as novel approaches for orthogonal control over dimerization of protein. The specific focus of the review will be on host-guest systems as novel, robust and versatile supramolecular approaches to modulate the dimerization of proteins, using functional proteins as model systems.
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6
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Minnelli C, Cianfruglia L, Laudadio E, Mobbili G, Galeazzi R, Armeni T. Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on EGFR Signaling and Migration in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111833. [PMID: 34769263 PMCID: PMC8583909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most well-studied molecular targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Nevertheless, the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors could be compromised by additional mutations in EGFR and compensatory activations of other pathways. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main bioactive molecule in green tea, acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor toward cancer cells overexpressing EGFR (wild-type). However, little information has been reported on the effect of EGCG on EGFR with activating mutations. In this study, we evaluated the ability of EGCG to inhibit EGFR signaling activation in three different NSCLC cell lines containing wild-type EGFR or EGFR with additional mutations. The effect on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and vinculin expression was then studied. Overall, our results demonstrate that EGCG polyphenol inhibits cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC cell lines, although with different efficacy and mechanisms. These data may be of interest for an evaluation of the use of EGCG as an adjunct to NSCLC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Minnelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Laura Cianfruglia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Laudadio
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Mobbili
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (T.A.)
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7
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Lv F, Sun L, Yang Q, Pan Z, Zhang Y. Prognostic Value of BIM Deletion in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients Treated with EGFR-TKIs: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3621828. [PMID: 34722761 PMCID: PMC8551980 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3621828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is inevitable in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A germline 2903 bp deletion polymorphism of Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM) causes reduced expression of proapoptotic BH3-only BIM protein and blocks TKI-induced apoptosis of tumor cells. Yet the association between the deletion polymorphism and response to EGFR-TKI treatment remains inconsistent among clinical observations. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases prior to March 31, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were calculated by using a random effects model. Sensitivity, metaregression, and publication bias analyses were also performed. RESULTS A total of 20 datasets (3003 EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKIs from 18 studies) were included. There were 475 (15.8%) patients having the 2903-bp intron deletion of BIM and 2528 (84.2%) wild-type patients. BIM deletion predicted significantly shorter PFS (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.64, P = 0.003) and a tendency toward an unfavorable OS (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.99-1.50, P = 0.068). Patients with deletion polymorphism had lower ORR (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.85, P = 0.004) and DCR (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.90, P = 0.014) compared with those without deletion. CONCLUSION BIM deletion polymorphism may confer resistance to EGFR-TKIs and can be used as a biomarker to predict treatment response to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients from Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lv
- Department of Respiratory, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Immunology, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
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8
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Herrera‐Solorio AM, Peralta‐Arrieta I, Armas López L, Hernández‐Cigala N, Mendoza Milla C, Ortiz Quintero B, Catalán Cárdenas R, Pineda Villegas P, Rodríguez Villanueva E, Trejo Iriarte CG, Zúñiga J, Arrieta O, Ávila‐Moreno F. LncRNA SOX2-OT regulates AKT/ERK and SOX2/GLI-1 expression, hinders therapy, and worsens clinical prognosis in malignant lung diseases. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1110-1129. [PMID: 33433063 PMCID: PMC8024737 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of LncRNA SOX2-overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT), SOX2, and GLI-1 transcription factors in cancer has been well documented. Nonetheless, it is still unknown whether co-expressed SOX2-OT/SOX2 or SOX2-OT/SOX2/GLI-1 axes are epigenetically/transcriptionally involved in terms of resistance to oncology therapy and in poorer clinical outcomes for patients with lung cancer. We evaluated the role of SOX2-OT/SOX2 and SOX2-OT/SOX2/GLI-1 axes using RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence analyses, gene silencing, cellular cytotoxic, and ChIP-qPCR assays on human cell lines, solid lung malignant tumors, and normal lung tissue. We detected that the SOX2-OT/SOX2/GLI-1 axis promotes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-erlotinib and cisplatin-based therapy. Evidence from this study show that SOX2-OT modulates the expression/activation of EGFR-pathway members AKT/ERK. Further, both SOX2-OT and GLI-1 genes are epigenetically regulated at their promoter sequences, in an LncRNA SOX2-OT-dependent manner, mainly through modifying the enrichment of the activation histone mark H3K4me3/H3K27Ac, versus the repressive histone mark H3K9me3/H3K27me3. In addition, we identified that inhibition of SOX2-OT and reduced expression of SOX2/GLI-1 sensitizes lung cancer cells to EGFR/TKI-erlotinib or cisplatin-based treatment. Finally, we show that high co-expression of SOX2-OT/SOX2 transcripts and SOX2/GLI-1 proteins appears to correlate with a poor clinical prognosis and lung malignant phenotype. Collectively, these results present evidence that LncRNA SOX2-OT modulates an orchestrated resistance mechanism, promoting poor prognosis and human lung malignancy through genetic, epigenetic, and post-translational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Marcela Herrera‐Solorio
- Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED)Lung Diseases and Cancer Epigenomics LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) IztacalaNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
| | - Irlanda Peralta‐Arrieta
- Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED)Lung Diseases and Cancer Epigenomics LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) IztacalaNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
| | - Leonel Armas López
- Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED)Lung Diseases and Cancer Epigenomics LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) IztacalaNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
| | - Nallely Hernández‐Cigala
- Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED)Lung Diseases and Cancer Epigenomics LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) IztacalaNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
| | - Criselda Mendoza Milla
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Ismael Cosío VillegasMexico CityMexico
| | - Blanca Ortiz Quintero
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Ismael Cosío VillegasMexico CityMexico
| | - Rodrigo Catalán Cárdenas
- Thoracic Oncology UnitLaboratory of Personalized MedicineInstituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Priscila Pineda Villegas
- Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED)Lung Diseases and Cancer Epigenomics LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) IztacalaNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
| | - Evelyn Rodríguez Villanueva
- Grupo de Investigación en Células Troncales e Ingeniería de Tejidos (GICTIT)Laboratorio de Investigación en Odontología AlmarazFES‐IztacalaNational Autonomous University of México (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
| | - Cynthia G. Trejo Iriarte
- Grupo de Investigación en Células Troncales e Ingeniería de Tejidos (GICTIT)Laboratorio de Investigación en Odontología AlmarazFES‐IztacalaNational Autonomous University of México (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Ismael Cosío VillegasMexico CityMexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology UnitLaboratory of Personalized MedicineInstituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Federico Ávila‐Moreno
- Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED)Lung Diseases and Cancer Epigenomics LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) IztacalaNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Tlalnepantla de BazMexico
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Ismael Cosío VillegasMexico CityMexico
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EGFR mutation mediates resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC: From molecular mechanisms to clinical research. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105583. [PMID: 33775864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, molecular targeted therapy has been widely used in the field of cancer, especially in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-recognized and effective target for NSCLC therapies, targeted EGFR therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has achieved ideal clinical efficacy in recent years. Unfortunately, resistance to EGFR-TKIs inevitably occurs due to various mechanisms after a period of therapy. EGFR mutations, such as T790M and C797S, are the most common mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs resistance induced by secondary EGFR mutations, highlight the development of targeted drugs to overcome EGFR mutation-mediated resistance, and predict the promising directions for development of novel candidates.
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10
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Liu L, Bai H, Seery S, Li S, Wang C, Xue P, Zhao J, Wang J. Efficacy and safety of treatment modalities across EGFR selected/unselected populations with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 2021; 158:74-84. [PMID: 34126551 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of treatment modalities across different populations with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases. METHODS A comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, the ClinicalTrials.gov, and major international conferences. The main outcomes of interest were progression-free survival, overall survival, and severe adverse events. Bayesian network meta-analytical techniques were implemented, to compare treatment modalities based on efficacy and safety profiles. The protocol for this study has been registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42020155330). RESULTS 15 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1216 patients were analyzed. Network meta-analysis generated six comparisons both in EGFR positive and EGFR unselected populations. For patients harboring EGFR positive mutations, osimertinib appears to significantly increase progression-free survival, compared to 1st generation EGFR-TKI (HR 0.46, 95 %CI 0.38-0.55), 2nd generation EGFR-TKI (HR: 0.59, 95 %CI 0.34-0.99), conventional chemotherapy (HR 0.30, 95 %CI 0.14-0.66), radiotherapy (HR 0.20, 95 %CI 0.14-0.29), and radiotherapy plus 1st generation TKI (HR 0.21, 95 %CI 0.14-0.32). Osimertinib also appears to increase the likelihood of survival and prolong overall survival. For EGFR unselected patients, combined anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody with conventional chemotherapy appears superior to radiotherapy (HR: 0.20, 95 % CI 0.14-0.29), conventional chemotherapy (HR: 0.42, 95 %CI 0.28-0.68), radiotherapy plus conventional chemotherapy (HR: 0.59, 95 %CI 0.32-0.98), radiotherapy plus 1st generation TKI (HR:0.49, 95 %CI 0.25-0.96), and immune checkpoint inhibitors monotherapy (HR:0.44, 95 %CI 0.28-0.69). However, combination therapies are generally more toxic causing an increased number of severe adverse events, particularly when anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody is combined with conventional chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Osimertinib appears to be the most effective and safest treatment in NSCLC patients with brain metastases, harboring EGFR positive mutations. The anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody and conventional chemotherapy combination increases survival for NSCLC patients with brain metastases who were not selected according to EGFR mutation, although this increased benefit positively correlates with an increased number of severe adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hua Bai
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Samuel Seery
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Sini Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Pei Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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11
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Kara A, Özgür A, Tekin Ş, Tutar Y. Computational Analysis of Drug Resistance Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:566-578. [PMID: 33602077 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210218175439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a significant health problem and accounts for one-third of the deaths worldwide. A great majority of these deaths are caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chemotherapy is the leading treatment method for NSCLC, but resistance to chemotherapeutics is an important limiting factor that reduces the treatment success of patients with NSCLC. OBJECTIVE In this study, the relationship between differentially expressed genes affecting the survival of the patients, according to the bioinformatics analyses, and the mechanism of drug resistance is investigated for non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma patients. METHODS Five hundred thirteen patient samples were compared with fifty-nine control samples. The employed dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The information on how the drug activity altered against the expressional diversification of the genes was extracted from the NCI-60 database. Four hundred thirty-three drugs with known mechanism of action (MoA) were analyzed. Diversifications of the activity of these drugs related to genes were considered based on nine lung cancer cell lines virtually. The analyses were performed using R programming language, GDCRNATools, rcellminer, and Cytoscape. RESULTS This work analyzed the common signaling pathways and expressional alterations of the proteins in these pathways associated with survival and drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Deduced computational data demonstrated that proteins of EGFR, JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K /AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt signaling pathways were associated with molecular mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION To understand the relationships between resistance to anticancer drugs and EGFR, JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K /AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt signaling pathways is an important approach to design effective therapeutics for individuals with NSCLC adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Kara
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, . Turkey
| | - Aykut Özgür
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Artova Vocational School, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Tokat, . Turkey
| | - Şaban Tekin
- University of Health Sciences, Turkey, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Biology, İstanbul, . Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Oncology, Istanbul, . Turkey
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12
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Integrating the Tumor Microenvironment into Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061677. [PMID: 32599891 PMCID: PMC7352326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression is mediated by reciprocal interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which among other factors encompasses the extracellular milieu, immune cells, fibroblasts, and the vascular system. However, the complexity of cancer goes beyond the local interaction of tumor cells with their microenvironment. We are on the path to understanding cancer from a systemic viewpoint where the host macroenvironment also plays a crucial role in determining tumor progression. Indeed, growing evidence is emerging on the impact of the gut microbiota, metabolism, biomechanics, and the neuroimmunological axis on cancer. Thus, external factors capable of influencing the entire body system, such as emotional stress, surgery, or psychosocial factors, must be taken into consideration for enhanced management and treatment of cancer patients. In this article, we review prognostic and predictive biomarkers, as well as their potential evaluation and quantitative analysis. Our overarching aim is to open up new fields of study and intervention possibilities, within the framework of an integral vision of cancer as a functional tissue with the capacity to respond to different non-cytotoxic factors, hormonal, immunological, and mechanical forces, and others inducing stroma and tumor reprogramming.
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13
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Du W, Sun L, Liu T, Zhu J, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Huang JA. The miR‑625‑3p/AXL axis induces non‑T790M acquired resistance to EGFR‑TKI via activation of the TGF‑β/Smad pathway and EMT in EGFR‑mutant non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:185-195. [PMID: 32319651 PMCID: PMC7251657 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is currently the preferred treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutation. However, some patients gradually develop acquired resistance after receiving treatment. In addition to secondary T790M mutation, the remaining mechanisms contributing to non-T790M mutations need to be explored. In the present study, NSCLC-derived HCC827 and PC-9 cells and the corresponding gefitinib-resistant cell lines (HCC827GR and PC9GR) were utilized. Next-generation DNA sequencing was performed on the HCC827GR and PC9GR cells. Under AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) knockdown or miR-625-3p overexpressing conditions, a cell growth inhibition assay was performed to evaluate gefitinib sensitivity. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells. Moreover, we also carried out western blot analysis to detect the altered downstream signaling pathway. Our study revealed markedly decreased miR-625-3p expression in the HCC827GR cell line, while its overexpression partly reversed gefitinib resistance. Integrated analysis based on Targetscan website showed that AXL can be potentially targeted by miR-625-3p and we further verified the hypothesis via dual-luciferase reporter assays. Mechanistic analysis revealed that TGF-β1-induced EMT may contribute to the miR-625-3p/AXL axis-mediated gefitinib resistance. Our data demonstrated that miR-625-3p contributes to the acquired resistance of gefitinib, which may provide novel insight to combat resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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14
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He Z, Gong F, Liao J, Wang Q, Su Y, Chen C, Lin J, Lin RJ. Spred-3 mutation and Ras/Raf/MAPK activation confer acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in an EGFR mutated NSCLC cell line. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2542-2555. [PMID: 35117614 PMCID: PMC8797694 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of EGFR-TKIs resistance poses a big challenge to the treatment. Although several resistant mutations have been identified, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance remains incomplete. This study aimed to identify novel mutations and mechanisms that could contribute to acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance in EGFR mutated NSCLC cells. Methods Erlotinib resistant cells (HCC827/ER cells) were generated from the EGFR mutated NSCLC cell line HCC827, and whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify gene mutations in HCC827/ER cells. The Spred-3 expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting assays, and the p-p44/42, p44/42, p-Akt and Akt expression was determined using Western blotting. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) was measured using the MTS assay, and cell migration was detected with a Transwell migration assay. Results Whole-exome sequencing identified deletion mutation c.120delG at exon 1 of the Spred-3 gene, resulting in a p.E40fs change in amino acid, in HCC827/ER cells. The Spred-3 expression was much reduced in HCC827/ER cells as compared to the HCC827 cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Knocking out Spred-3 in HCC827 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 increased erlotinib resistance and cell migration, while overexpressing Spred-3 in HCC827/ER cells using a cDNA construct reduced erlotinib resistance and cell migration. We also showed the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway was activated in HCC827/ER cells, and inhibiting ERK1/2 in HCC827/Spred-3-sgRNA cells resulted in reduced erlotinib resistance and cell migration. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that a loss-of-function mutation in Spred-3 resulted in activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway that confers resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC cells harboring an EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong He
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translation Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Fusheng Gong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jinrong Liao
- Department of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jinghui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Ren-Jang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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15
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Johne A, Scheible H, Becker A, van Lier JJ, Wolna P, Meyring M. Open-label, single-center, phase I trial to investigate the mass balance and absolute bioavailability of the highly selective oral MET inhibitor tepotinib in healthy volunteers. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1507-1519. [PMID: 32221754 PMCID: PMC7497692 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tepotinib (MSC2156119J) is an oral, potent, highly selective MET inhibitor. This open-label, phase I study in healthy volunteers (EudraCT 2013-003226-86) investigated its mass balance (part A) and absolute bioavailability (part B). In part A, six participants received tepotinib orally (498 mg spiked with 2.67 MBq [14C]-tepotinib). Blood, plasma, urine, and feces were collected up to day 25 or until excretion of radioactivity was <1% of the administered dose. In part B, six participants received 500 mg tepotinib orally as a film-coated tablet, followed by an intravenous [14C]-tepotinib tracer dose (53–54 kBq) 4 h later. Blood samples were collected until day 14. In part A, a median of 92.5% (range, 87.1–96.9%) of the [14C]-tepotinib dose was recovered in excreta. Radioactivity was mainly excreted via feces (median, 78.7%; range, 69.4–82.5%). Urinary excretion was a minor route of elimination (median, 14.4% [8.8–17.7%]). Parent compound was the main constituent in excreta (45% [feces] and 7% [urine] of the radioactive dose). M506 was the only major metabolite. In part B, absolute bioavailability was 72% (range, 62–81%) after oral administration of 500 mg tablets (the dose and formulation used in phase II trials). In conclusion, tepotinib and its metabolites are mainly excreted via feces; parent drug is the major eliminated constituent. Oral bioavailability of tepotinib is high, supporting the use of the current tablet formulation in clinical trials. Tepotinib was well tolerated in this study with healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Johne
- Global Clinical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Holger Scheible
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck KGaA, Grafing, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Global Clinical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Jaap van Lier
- Pharmaceutical Research Association (PRA), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wolna
- Global Clinical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Meyring
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck KGaA, Grafing, Germany
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16
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Ngoi NYL, Eu JQ, Hirpara J, Wang L, Lim JSJ, Lee SC, Lim YC, Pervaiz S, Goh BC, Wong ALA. Targeting Cell Metabolism as Cancer Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:285-308. [PMID: 31841375 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolic pathways to keep up with biosynthetic and reduction-oxidation needs during tumor proliferation and metastasis. The common induction of metabolic pathways during cancer progression, regardless of cancer histio- or genotype, makes cancer metabolism an attractive target for therapeutic exploitation. Recent Advances: Emerging data suggest that these altered pathways may even result in resistance to anticancer therapies. Identifying specific metabolic dependencies that are unique to cancer cells has proved challenging in this field, limiting the therapeutic window for many candidate drug approaches. Critical Issues: Cancer cells display significant metabolic flexibility in nutrient-limited environments, hampering the longevity of suppressing cancer metabolism through any singular approach. Combinatorial "synthetic lethal" approaches may have a better chance for success and promising strategies are reviewed here. The dynamism of the immune system adds a level of complexity, as various immune populations in the tumor microenvironment often share metabolic pathways with cancer, with successive alterations during immune activation and quiescence. Decoding the reprogramming of metabolic pathways within cancer cells and stem cells, as well as examining metabolic symbiosis between components of the tumor microenvironment, would be essential to further meaningful drug development within the tumor's metabolic ecosystem. Future Directions: In this article, we examine evidence for the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic alterations in cancer, and we discuss the drawbacks and successes that have stimulated this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y L Ngoi
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Qing Eu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayshree Hirpara
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joline S J Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yaw-Chyn Lim
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea L A Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Zanforlin E, Zagotto G, Ribaudo G. A Chemical Approach to Overcome Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Resistance: Learning from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6033-6052. [PMID: 29874990 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180607092451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possibilities of treatment for oncological diseases are growing enormously in the last decades. Unfortunately, these developments have led to the onset of resistances with regards to the new treatments. This is particularly true if we face with the therapeutic field of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). This review gives an overview of possible TKI resistances that can occur during the treatment of an oncologic diesease and available strategies that can be adopted, taking cues from a successful example such as CML. METHODS We performed a literature search for peer-reviewed articles using different databases, such as PubMed and Scopus, and exploiting different keywords and different logical operators. RESULTS 68 papers were included in the review. Twenty-four papers give an overview of the causes of TKIs resistances in the wide oncologic field. The remaining papers deal CML, deeply analysing the TKIs Resistances present in this pathology and the strategies adopted to overcome them. CONCLUSION The aim of this review is to furnish an overview and a methodological guideline for the approach and the overcoming of TKIs Resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zanforlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Qiu T, Li W, Zhang F, Wang B, Ying J. Major challenges in accurate mutation detection of multifocal lung adenocarcinoma by next-generation sequencing. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 21:170-177. [PMID: 31651223 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1674070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer manifested with metastasis, and molecular heterogeneity may exhibit between primary and metastatic tumors. We sought to investigate the clinical detection strategy of primary and metastatic tumors in Chinese patients with NSCLC.Methods: Here, 77 paired tumors of Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed, and 1836 mutation in hotspot regions of 22 genes were identified by next-generation sequencing. The expression of ALK in these paired tumors was also detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: The results showed that the concordance rate in multiple pulmonary nodules, primary-LN metastasis pairs and primary-distant metastasis pairs was 67.7%, 94.1% and 86.7%, respectively. In multiple pulmonary nodules, the concordance rate was 100% when the pathologic diagnosis was intrapulmonary metastasis, whereas the concordance rate was 23.1% when the pathologic diagnosis was multiple primary tumors. TP53 and CTNNB1 mutations were detected as the recurrent alterations in LN metastasis. Moreover, the concordance of ALK status was observed in these pairs.Conclusions: Our data suggested that hotspot mutations and ALK status in the primary-metastasis pairs had a high concordance in lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical detection of one lesion may be enough to identify the key alterations except that patients are diagnosed with multiple primary tumors or have disease progression after benefiting from target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fanshuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingning Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Roncarati R, Lupini L, Shankaraiah RC, Negrini M. The Importance of microRNAs in RAS Oncogenic Activation in Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:988. [PMID: 31612113 PMCID: PMC6777413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by modulating the translation of protein-coding RNAs. Their aberrant expression is involved in various human diseases, including cancer. Here, we summarize the experimental pieces of evidence that proved how dysregulated miRNA expression can lead to RAS (HRAS, KRAS, or NRAS) activation irrespective of their oncogenic mutations. These findings revealed relevant pathogenic mechanisms as well as mechanisms of resistance to target therapies. Based on this knowledge, potential approaches for the control of RAS oncogenic activation can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Roncarati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,CNR, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Lupini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ram C Shankaraiah
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Chen Y, Wei J, Cai J, Liu A. Combination therapy of brain radiotherapy and EGFR-TKIs is more effective than TKIs alone for EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastasis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:793. [PMID: 31399067 PMCID: PMC6688250 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment strategy for brain metastasis (BM) in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remains controversial. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of brain radiotherapy (RT) in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and TKIs alone for advanced LAC patients with EGFR mutations and BM. Methods We retrospectively studied 78 patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutant LAC who developed BM. These patients were divided into two groups: 49 patients in the combination treatment group who received brain RT in combination with EGFR-TKIs (including 23 patients with asymptomatic BM before RT); 29 patients in the TKI group who received EGFR-TKI targeted therapy alone (including 22 patients with asymptomatic BM before TKI treatment). Results The median intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) of the combination treatment group was longer than that of the TKI alone group (21.5 vs. 15 months; P = 0.036). However, there were no significant differences in median progression-free survival (PFS, 12 vs. 13 months; P = 0.242) and median overall survival (mOS, 36 vs. 23 months; P = 0.363) between the two groups. Further analysis of asymptomatic BM showed that both the median iPFS and the mOS of the combination treatment group were significantly longer than for the TKI alone group (iPFS, 21.5 vs. 14.8 months, P = 0.026; mOS, 36 vs. 23 months, P = 0.041). Cox multivariate regression analysis found no independent adverse predictors of iPFS in all patients. Conclusions The synchronous combination of brain RT and TKIs was superior to EGFR-TKIs alone for EGFR-mutant LAC patients with BM. The combination treatment group exhibited longer iPFS, while the PFS and OS were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the combination treatment could result in better iPFS and OS in those with asymptomatic BM. Therefore, addition of brain RT was useful for intracranial metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Chen
- Department of oncology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Jiangxi key laboratory of clinical translational cancer research, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jianping Wei
- Department of oncology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of oncology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of oncology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330006, China. .,Jiangxi key laboratory of clinical translational cancer research, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi province, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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21
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Zhang N, Liang C, Song W, Tao D, Yao J, Wang S, Ma L, Shi Y, Han X. Antitumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide alone or in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor icotinib in NSCLC. J Cancer 2019; 10:1275-1287. [PMID: 30854137 PMCID: PMC6400687 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was performed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) chidamide alone or with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) icotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein expression, and the molecular mechanisms were explored among ten NSCLC cell lines with chidamide and icotinib alone or in combination, and further validated in xenograft models of nude mice. Chidamide significantly reduced the viability of A549, HCC827, HCC827IR (icotinib resistant) cells, increased the sensitivity of icotinib synergistically in EGFR-TKI resistant cell line, especially in H1975 cells. Chidamide alone or combined with icotinib induced cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the activation of RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT and/or JAK/STAT pathways, and caused apoptosis by activating caspase 3 and PARP. Chidamide alone or with icotinib suppressed β-catenin expression in HCC827, HCC827IR, and H1975 cells. The sensitivity of H1975 cells to icotinib was increased by chidamide through restoring E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, chidamide alone or in combination with icotinib inhibited HCC827IR and H1975 xenograft growth in athymic nude mice, respectively, with no appreciable side effects. Chidamide or combinating with icotinib exhibits antitumor activity in NSCLC cells, and has potential clinical implication for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Caixia Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenya Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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22
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Mariappan A, Soni K, Schorpp K, Zhao F, Minakar A, Zheng X, Mandad S, Macheleidt I, Ramani A, Kubelka T, Dawidowski M, Golfmann K, Wason A, Yang C, Simons J, Schmalz HG, Hyman AA, Aneja R, Ullrich R, Urlaub H, Odenthal M, Büttner R, Li H, Sattler M, Hadian K, Gopalakrishnan J. Inhibition of CPAP-tubulin interaction prevents proliferation of centrosome-amplified cancer cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899876. [PMID: 30530478 PMCID: PMC6331730 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of human cancers that can trigger cancer cell invasion. To survive, cancer cells cluster amplified extra centrosomes and achieve pseudobipolar division. Here, we set out to prevent clustering of extra centrosomes. Tubulin, by interacting with the centrosomal protein CPAP, negatively regulates CPAP‐dependent peri‐centriolar material recruitment, and concurrently microtubule nucleation. Screening for compounds that perturb CPAP–tubulin interaction led to the identification of CCB02, which selectively binds at the CPAP binding site of tubulin. Genetic and chemical perturbation of CPAP–tubulin interaction activates extra centrosomes to nucleate enhanced numbers of microtubules prior to mitosis. This causes cells to undergo centrosome de‐clustering, prolonged multipolar mitosis, and cell death. 3D‐organotypic invasion assays reveal that CCB02 has broad anti‐invasive activity in various cancer models, including tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‐resistant EGFR‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancers. Thus, we have identified a vulnerability of cancer cells to activation of extra centrosomes, which may serve as a global approach to target various tumors, including drug‐resistant cancers exhibiting high incidence of centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruljothi Mariappan
- Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Komal Soni
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Amin Minakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiangdong Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sunit Mandad
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iris Macheleidt
- Institute of Pathology and Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anand Ramani
- Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tomáš Kubelka
- Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Maciej Dawidowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kristina Golfmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arpit Wason
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judith Simons
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roland Ullrich
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology and Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhardt Büttner
- Institute of Pathology and Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Yang Q, Chen W, Xu Y, Lv X, Zhang M, Jiang H. Polyphyllin I modulates MALAT1/STAT3 signaling to induce apoptosis in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 356:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Suryavanshi M, Mehta A, Panigrahi MK, Jaipuria J, Saifi M, Jain K, Kumar D, Verma H, Sharma SK, Batra U, Dutta K, Talwar V, Doval DC. The detection of primary and secondary EGFR mutations using droplet digital PCR in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Lung India 2018; 35:384-389. [PMID: 30168456 PMCID: PMC6120312 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_472_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We share our experience of using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (DdPCR) in liquid biopsy specimens for detecting primary and secondary epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations among patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer who had tissue biopsy initially analyzed for del19, L858R and T790M. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of patients were chosen: Group 1: patients positive for EGFR mutation (del 19 or L858R) by conventional tissue biopsy that were treatment naïve, Group 2: patients positive for EGFR mutation (del 19 or L858R) by conventional tissue biopsy with acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, documented by radiology, and Group 3: no known EGFR mutation detected on primary tissue biopsy and treatment naive. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-three patients were included in the study. Group 1 had 40 cases, of which 21 (52.5%) and 19 (47.5%) were positive for del19 and L858R mutations, respectively, by tissue biopsy. DdPCR detected primary mutation in all but 5 cases. DdPCR additionally found four patients to have T790M mutation. Group 2 had 73 cases and DdPCR detected T790M mutation in 39 (53.4%) cases. Liquid biopsy also picked the original primary mutation in 56/73 cases. Secondary tissue biopsy for T790M mutation status was performed in 11 patients and while it detected mutation in 2 out of 11 cases, DdPCR detected the same in 7 cases, thus providing significantly superior yield (46% difference, McNemar's test, P value 0.063). Tissue biopsy additionally detected c-MET amplification in a patient who had T790M mutation on liquid biopsy. Group 3 had 20 patients and none were falsely positive for EGFR mutation on liquid biopsy. Overall, DdPCR had a Cohen's kappa of 0.82 (standard error 0.074, 95% CI 0.68-0.97) indicating "very good agreement" with conventional tissue biopsy. CONCLUSION DdPCR demonstrated 87.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity in detecting primary EGFR mutations in patients who were treatment naïve with overall positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 80%, respectively. DdPCR demonstrated T790M mutation postprogression on TKI therapy in 53.4% patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushumi Suryavanshi
- Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Panigrahi
- Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Jiten Jaipuria
- Department of Urogynaeoncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Mumtaz Saifi
- Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Jain
- Department of Pathology, Action Balaji Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Haristuti Verma
- Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Molecular Diagnostics, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ullas Batra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumardeep Dutta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Talwar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra Doval
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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25
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Hochmair M. Medical Treatment Options for Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Suffering from Brain Metastases and/or Leptomeningeal Disease. Target Oncol 2018; 13:269-285. [PMID: 29700687 PMCID: PMC6004273 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases and/or leptomeningeal disease (LMD) with associated central nervous system (CNS) metastases are known complications of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is important, therefore, to assess the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) versus such CNS complications. This review explores the literature reporting the intracranial activity of EGFR TKIs, and finds that there is evidence for varying efficacy of the approved agents, erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and osimertinib in patients with CNS metastases. Other EGFR TKIs in development, such as AZD3759, may have a future role as therapeutic options in this setting. Emerging evidence indicates that the second- and third-generation EGFR TKIs, afatinib and osimertinib, effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and therefore represent viable treatment options for CNS lesions, and can reduce the risk of CNS progression. These agents should therefore be considered as first-line treatment options in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC who have brain metastases and/or LMD. While there are currently no prospective data comparing the intracranial efficacy of second- and third-generation EGFR TKIs in this setting, CNS activity and protection offered by different EGFR TKIs should be an additional consideration when making decisions about the optimal sequence of treatment with EGFR TKIs in order to maximize survival benefit in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hochmair
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Liang H, Pan Z, Wang W, Guo C, Chen D, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Tang S, He J, Liang W. The alteration of T790M between 19 del and L858R in NSCLC in the course of EGFR-TKIs therapy: a literature-based pooled analysis. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2311-2320. [PMID: 29850136 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatment-naive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation is more inclined to coexist with L858R than with 19 del in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) might alter this status. We sought to compare the prevalence of T790M upon acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs between 19 del and L858R by assembling all existing data. Methods Electronic databases were comprehensively searched for eligible studies. The primary endpoint was the odds ratio (OR) of T790M mutation in NSCLC co-existing with L858R mutation and 19 del upon resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. A random effects model was used. Stratified analysis was performed based on study type (retrospective and prospective), race (Asians and Caucasians) and sample type (tissue and plasma). Results A total of 25 studies involving 1,770 patients were included. The overall T790M existent rate was 45.25%. Post-resistance T790M was more frequent in 19 del than in L858R mutated patients (53% vs. 36%; OR 1.87; P<0.001). All outcomes of subgroup and overall analyses were similar. In contrast, we re-analyzed the previous meta-analysis, finding that the pooled rate of pretreatment T790M was 14% and 22% in 19 del and L858R respectively (OR 0.59; P<0.001). The increase of T790M rate was 2.79-fold in 19 del and only 0.63-fold in L858R in the course of EGFR-TKIs therapy. Conclusions Opposite to the situation of de novo T790M, it was observed that T790M was more frequent in exon 19 deletion than in L858R among patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. The difference in T790M alteration between 19 del and L858R encourages development of detection or treatment strategies for the specific resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhenkui Pan
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chengye Guo
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Difei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shiyan Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
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27
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Solanki HS, Raja R, Zhavoronkov A, Ozerov IV, Artemov AV, Advani J, Radhakrishnan A, Babu N, Puttamallesh VN, Syed N, Nanjappa V, Subbannayya T, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Patil AH, Prasad TSK, Gaykalova D, Chang X, Sathyendran R, Mathur PP, Rangarajan A, Sidransky D, Pandey A, Izumchenko E, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Targeting focal adhesion kinase overcomes erlotinib resistance in smoke induced lung cancer by altering phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Oncoscience 2018; 5:21-38. [PMID: 29556515 PMCID: PMC5854290 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR-based targeted therapies have shown limited success in smokers. Identification of alternate signaling mechanism(s) leading to TKI resistance in smokers is critically important. We observed increased resistance to erlotinib in H358 NSCLC (non-small cell lung carcinoma) cells chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (H358-S) compared to parental cells. SILAC-based mass-spectrometry approach was used to study altered signaling in H358-S cell line. Importantly, among the top phosphosites in H358-S cells we observed hyperphosphorylation of EGFR (Y1197) and non-receptor tyrosine kinase FAK (Y576/577). Supporting these observations, a transcriptomic-based pathway activation analysis of TCGA NSCLC datasets revealed that FAK and EGFR internalization pathways were significantly upregulated in smoking patients, compared to the never-smokers and were associated with elevated PI3K signaling and lower level of caspase cascade and E-cadherin pathways activation. We show that inhibition of FAK led to decreased cellular proliferation and invasive ability of the smoke-exposed cells, and restored their dependency on EGFR signaling. Our data suggests that activation of focal adhesion pathway significantly contributes to erlotinib resistance, and that FAK is a potential therapeutic target for management of erlotinib resistance in smoke-induced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitendra S Solanki
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Artem V Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | | | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Vinuth N Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam 690525, India
| | - Nazia Syed
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | | | | | | | - Arun H Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.,NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Daria Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rachana Sathyendran
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Premendu Prakash Mathur
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
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28
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Liu M, Xu S, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Chen J. PD 0332991, a selective cyclin D kinase 4/6 inhibitor, sensitizes lung cancer cells to treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84951-84964. [PMID: 27825114 PMCID: PMC5356711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is a major challenge to targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated whether a cyclin D kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, PD 0332991, could reverse EGFR-TKI resistance in human lung cancer cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. We found that PD 0332991 potentiated gefitinib-induced growth inhibition in both EGFR-TKI-sensitive (PC-9) and EGFR-TKI-resistant (PC-9/AB2) cells by down-regulating proliferation and inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Tumor xenografts were then used to verify the effects of PD 0332991 in vivo. Mice treated with a combination of PD 0332991 and gefitinib had the fastest tumor regression and delayed relapse. Tumors from mice receiving the combination treatment exhibited down-regulated proliferation, up-regulated apoptosis, and less angiogenesis. Finally, lung adenocarcinoma patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs were given an exploratory treatment of PD 0332991. One patient with gefitinib resistance exhibited clinical remission after treatment with PD 0332991. These findings suggest PD 0332991 reverses acquired EGFR-TKI-resistance in NSCLC cells, and may provide a novel treatment strategy for NSLSC patients with EGFR-TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
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29
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Li YQ, Liu YS, Ying XW, Zhou HB, Wang Z, Wu SC, Yan JP, Jing YT, Yang Y. Lentivirus-mediated disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 RNA interference reversed the acquired resistance to gefitinib in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:196-205. [PMID: 28960861 PMCID: PMC6585635 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of silencing a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) gene expression by lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi) in the gefitinib‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells, and then to explore whether the recombinant lentivirus mediated ADAM17 RNAi reversed the acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinoma to gefitinib in vitro. Methods: The gefitinib‐resistant RPC‐9 cells were established and the mutations of EGFR were detected by gene sequencing. The ADAM17 shRNA expression vectors were constructed and packaged to recombinant lentivirus. The cell proliferation viability was detected by MTT, and cellular apotosis was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. The expression levels of ADAM17, EGFR and the phosphorylated EGFR were respectively detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. TGF‐α production in the supernatant was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The gefitinib‐resistant RPC‐9 cells in which mutated EGFR (exon 20) carried 790T > T/M mutation were established. When the concentrations of gefitinib were less than 10μmol/L, there were no significant changes in the apoptosis and cellular proliferation of RPC‐9 with the dose‐escalation of gefitinib. The cell proliferation viability of RPC‐9 was significantly decreased by lentivirus mediated ADAM17 RNAi (P < 0.05). Gefitinib did not inhibit ADAM17 expression in both the gefitinib‐sensitive PC‐9 and gefitinib‐resistant RPC‐9 cells (P > 0.05). Gefitinib had no significant effects on TGF alpha production in the supernatants (P > 0.05). Gefitinib did not inhibit EGFR expression in gefitinib‐sensitive PC‐9 and gefitinib‐resistant RPC‐9 cells (P > 0.05). The phosphorylation of EGFR in gefitinib‐sensitive PC‐9 cells was significantly inhibited by gefitinib (P < 0.05), but that in gefitinib‐resistant RPC‐9 could not be inhibited by gefitinib (P > 0.05). Lentivirus mediated ADAM17 RNAi significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of ADAM17 in gefitinib‐resistant RPC‐9 cells (P < 0.05), as well as TGF alpha production in the supernatants (P < 0.05). Also, the phosphorylation of EGFR was significantly reduced in gefitinib‐resistant RPC‐9 cells by lentivirus mediated ADAM17 RNAi (P < 0.05); however, the mRNA and protein expression of EGFR could not be inhibited. Conclusion: Lentivirus mediated ADAM17 RNAi may reverse the acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinoma to gefitinib via inhibiting the upstream of EGFR signal pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic target to solve the acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma. © 2017 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:196–205, 2018
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Shun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Wang Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhehua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Chang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Jing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P.R. China
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Xia J, Bai H, Yan B, Li R, Shao M, Xiong L, Han B. Mimicking the BIM BH3 domain overcomes resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108522-108533. [PMID: 29312548 PMCID: PMC5752461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) are widely applied to treat EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). BIM is a BH3 domain-containing protein encoded by BCL2L11. Some EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients showing BIM deletion polymorphism are resistant to EGFR TKIs. We retrospectively investigated BIM deletion polymorphism in NSCLC patients, its correlation with EGFR TKI (erlotinib) resistance, and the mechanism underlying the drug resistance. Among 245 EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients examined, BIM deletion polymorphism was detected in 43 (12.24%). Median progression-free and overall survival was markedly shorter in patients with BIM deletion polymorphism than with BIM wide-type. Moreover, NSCLC cells expressing EGFR-mutant harboring BIM polymorphism were more resistant to erlotinib-induced apoptosis than BIM wide-type cells. However, combined use of erlotinib and the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 up-regulated BIM expression and overcame erlotinib resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells harboring BIM deletion polymorphism. In vivo, erlotinib suppressed growth of BIM wide-type NSCLC cell xenographs by inducing apoptosis. Combined with ABT-737, erlotinib also suppressed NSCLC xenographs expressing EGFR-mutant harboring BIM deletion polymorphism. These results indicate that BIM polymorphism is closely related to a poor clinical response to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, and that the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 restores BIM functionality and EGFR-TKI sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liwen Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Wu J, Chen K, Zhang F, Jin J, Zhang N, Li D, Ying L, Chen W, Yu H, Mao W, Su D. Overcoming Linsitinib intrinsic resistance through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1353-1361. [PMID: 28440057 PMCID: PMC5463077 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor Linsitinib, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to characterize special biomarker to screen Linsitinib-sensitive patients as well as explore the molecular-resistant mechanism to Linsitinib in ESCC. Our study evaluated the sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor, Linsitinib in ESCC cells with MTT assay. After Linsitinib treatment, the expressions of downstream signaling molecules and apoptosis pathways were measured by western blot. And the antitumor effect of Linsitinib and JSH-23, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity, was analyzed both as single agent and in combination in ESCC. Apoptosis, cell viability, and clonogenic survival analysis were also investigated. The sensitivity of Linsitinib was relatively variable in patient-derived primary ESCC cells as well as in human commercial cell lines. And the downstream AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways were inhibited by Linsitinib, while phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 was obviously activated to reduce apoptosis effect in Linsitinib-resistant cell lines. Most importantly, blockage of NF-κB activity by JSH-23 could sensitize resistant cells to Linsitinib treatment. Results from this study demonstrated that the intrinsic resistance to Linsitinib was predominantly mediated by NF-κB activation in ESCC. Moreover, combination of Linsitinib and JSH-23 as therapy provides a novel strategy to overcome resistance to Linsitinib in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhou Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyan Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyue Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Ying
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Weimin Mao
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Oncogene KRAS activates fatty acid synthase, resulting in specific ERK and lipid signatures associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4300-4305. [PMID: 28400509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617709114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS gene mutation causes lung adenocarcinoma. KRAS activation has been associated with altered glucose and glutamine metabolism. Here, we show that KRAS activates lipogenesis, and this activation results in distinct proteomic and lipid signatures. By gene expression analysis, KRAS is shown to be associated with a lipogenesis gene signature and specific induction of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Through desorption electrospray ionization MS imaging (DESI-MSI), specific changes in lipogenesis and specific lipids are identified. By the nanoimmunoassay (NIA), KRAS is found to activate the protein ERK2, whereas ERK1 activation is found in non-KRAS-associated human lung tumors. The inhibition of FASN by cerulenin, a small molecule antibiotic, blocked cellular proliferation of KRAS-associated lung cancer cells. Hence, KRAS is associated with activation of ERK2, induction of FASN, and promotion of lipogenesis. FASN may be a unique target for KRAS-associated lung adenocarcinoma remediation.
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Zhu Q, Sun Y, Cui Y, Ye K, Yang C, Yang D, Ma J, Liu X, Yu J, Ge H. Clinical outcome of tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone or combined with radiotherapy for brain metastases from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Oncotarget 2017; 8:13304-13311. [PMID: 28076323 PMCID: PMC5355097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared treatment outcomes between TKI monotherapy and TKI administration combined with brain radiotherapy (TKI + RT) in 133 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis (BM). We also evaluated the association of different epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation subtypes with treatment outcome. To screen for potential variables affecting cranial progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), we performed univariate and multivariate analysis based on Cox proportional-hazards models. Median cranial PFS and OS were longer for the TKI + RT group (n = 67) than TKI alone group (n = 66). Intracranial metastasis correlated with a better median OS than extracranial metastasis. For patients with exon 21 mutations, TKI + RT yielded a better median OS and cranial PFS than TKI alone. However, there were no significant differences in median OS and cranial PFS between the two treatment groups for patients with exon 19 deletions. Thus EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with BM could benefit more from TKI + RT than from TKI monotherapy, especially when they suffer from exon 21 mutations. However, TKI + RT confers no advantage over TKI treatment alone for patients with exon 19 deletions. These results underscore the urgent need to develop individualized disease management strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ke Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Chengliang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Daoke Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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Gauthier K, Rocheleau CE. C. elegans Vulva Induction: An In Vivo Model to Study Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling and Trafficking. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1652:43-61. [PMID: 28791633 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7219-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated activation of the canonical Ras/MAPK signaling cascade is responsible for cell proliferation and cell growth. This signaling pathway is frequently overactivated in epithelial cancers; therefore, studying regulation of this pathway is crucial not only for our fundamental understanding of cell biology but also for our ability to treat EGFR-related disease. Genetic model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, a hermaphroditic nematode, played a vital role in identifying components of the EGFR/Ras/MAPK pathway and delineating their order of function, and continues to play a role in identifying novel regulators of the pathway. Polarized activation of LET-23, the C. elegans homolog of EGFR, is responsible for induction of the vulval cell fate; perturbations in this signaling pathway produce either a vulvaless or multivulva phenotype. The translucent cuticle of the nematode facilitates in vivo visualization of the receptor, revealing that localization of LET-23 EGFR is tightly regulated and linked to its function. In this chapter, we review the methods used to harness vulva development as a tool for studying EGFR signaling and trafficking in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Gauthier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christian E Rocheleau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Lara MS, Holland WS, Chinn D, Burich RA, Lara PN, Gandara DR, Kelly K, Mack PC. Preclinical Evaluation of MET Inhibitor INC-280 With or Without the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Erlotinib in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 18:281-285. [PMID: 28038979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib is initially effective in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumors harboring activating mutations of EGFR, most subsequently develop acquired resistance. One recognized resistance mechanism occurs through activation of bypass signaling via the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-MET pathway. INC-280 is a small molecule kinase inhibitor of MET. We sought to demonstrate the activity of INC-280 on select NSCLC cell lines both as a single agent and in combination with erlotinib using exogenous HGF to simulate MET up-regulation. METHODS Four NSCLC cell lines (HCC827, PC9, H1666, and H358) were treated with either single-agent INC-280 or in combination with erlotinib with or without HGF. The activity of the drug treatments was measured by cell viability assays. Immunoblotting was used to monitor expression of EGFR/pEGFR, MET/pMET, GAB1/pGAB1, AKT/pAKT, and ERK/pERK as well as markers of apoptosis (PARP and capase-3 cleavage) in H1666, HCC827, and PC9. RESULTS As a single agent, INC-280 showed minimal cytotoxicity despite potent inhibition of MET kinase activity at concentrations as low as 10 nM. Addition of HGF prevented erlotinib-induced cell death. The addition of INC280 to HGF-mediated erlotinib-resistant models restored erlotinib sensitivity for all cell lines tested, associated with cleavage of both PARP and caspase-3. In these models, INC-280 treatment was sufficient to restore erlotinib-induced inhibition of MET, GAB1, AKT, and ERK in the presence of HGF. CONCLUSION Although the MET inhibitor INC-280 alone had no discernible effect on cell growth, it was able to restore sensitivity to erlotinib and promote apoptosis in NSCLC models rendered erlotinib resistant by HGF. These data provide a preclinical rationale for an ongoing phase 1 clinical trial of erlotinib plus INC-280 in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Lara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA
| | - William S Holland
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA
| | - Danielle Chinn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA
| | - Rebekah A Burich
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA
| | - Primo N Lara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA
| | - David R Gandara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA
| | - Karen Kelly
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA
| | - Philip C Mack
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA.
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37
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Implications of MDSCs-targeting in lung cancer chemo-immunotherapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Han Z, Harris PKW, Karmakar P, Kim T, Owusu BY, Wildman SA, Klampfer L, Janetka JW. α-Ketobenzothiazole Serine Protease Inhibitors of Aberrant HGF/c-MET and MSP/RON Kinase Pathway Signaling in Cancer. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:585-99. [PMID: 26889658 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of the HGF and MSP growth-factor processing serine endopeptidases HGFA, matriptase and hepsin is correlated with increased metastasis in multiple tumor types driven by c-MET or RON kinase signaling. We rationally designed P1' α-ketobenzothiazole mechanism-based inhibitors of these proteases. Structure-activity studies are presented, which resulted in the identification of potent inhibitors with differential selectivity. The tetrapeptide inhibitors span the P1-P1' substrate cleavage site via a P1' amide linker off the benzothiazole, occupying the S3' pocket. Optimized inhibitors display sub-nanomolar enzyme inhibition against one, two, or all three of HGFA, matriptase, and hepsin. Several compounds also have good selectivity against the related trypsin-like proteases, thrombin and Factor Xa. Finally, we show that inhibitors block the fibroblast (HGF)-mediated migration of invasive DU145 prostate cancer cells. In addition to prostate cancer, breast, colon, lung, pancreas, gliomas, and multiple myeloma tumors all depend on HGF and MSP for tumor survival and progression. Therefore, these unique inhibitors have potential as new therapeutics for a diverse set of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peter K W Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ben Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Ave., Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Scott A Wildman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Ave., Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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