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Nair S, Welch EL, Moravec CE, Trevena RL, Hansen CL, Pelegri F. The midbody component Prc1-like is required for microtubule reorganization during cytokinesis and dorsal determinant segregation in the early zebrafish embryo. Development 2023; 150:dev200564. [PMID: 36789950 PMCID: PMC10112900 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We show that the zebrafish maternal-effect mutation too much information (tmi) corresponds to zebrafish prc1-like (prc1l), which encodes a member of the MAP65/Ase1/PRC1 family of microtubule-associated proteins. Embryos from tmi homozygous mutant mothers display cytokinesis defects in meiotic and mitotic divisions in the early embryo, indicating that Prc1l has a role in midbody formation during cell division at the egg-to-embryo transition. Unexpectedly, maternal Prc1l function is also essential for the reorganization of vegetal pole microtubules required for the segregation of dorsal determinants. Whereas Prc1 is widely regarded to crosslink microtubules in an antiparallel conformation, our studies provide evidence for an additional function of Prc1l in the bundling of parallel microtubules in the vegetal cortex of the early embryo during cortical rotation and prior to mitotic cycling. These findings highlight common yet distinct aspects of microtubule reorganization that occur during the egg-to-embryo transition, driven by maternal product for the midbody component Prc1l and required for embryonic cell division and pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelaja Nair
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Elaine L. Welch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cara E. Moravec
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ryan L. Trevena
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christina L. Hansen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Mu J, Zhou Z, Sang Q, Wang L. The physiological and pathological mechanisms of early embryonic development. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:859-872. [PMID: 38933386 PMCID: PMC11197659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic development is a complex process. The zygote undergoes several rounds of division to form a blastocyst, and during this process, the zygote undergoes the maternal-to-zygotic transition to gain control of embryonic development and makes two cell fate decisions to differentiate into an embryonic and two extra-embryonic lineages. With the use of new molecular biotechnologies and animal models, we can now further study the molecular mechanisms of early embryonic development and the pathological causes of early embryonic arrest. Here, we first summarize the known molecular regulatory mechanisms of early embryonic development in mice. Then we discuss the pathological factors leading to the early embryonic arrest. We hope that this review will give researchers a relatively complete view of the physiology and pathology of early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Mu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Sang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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What defines the maternal transcriptome? Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2051-2062. [PMID: 34415300 PMCID: PMC8589422 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In somatic cells, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription initiation starts by the binding of the general transcription factor TFIID, containing the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAFs), to core promoters. However, in growing oocytes active Pol II transcription is TFIID/TBP-independent, as during oocyte growth TBP is replaced by its vertebrate-specific paralog TBPL2. TBPL2 does not interact with TAFs, but stably associates with TFIIA. The maternal transcriptome is the population of mRNAs produced and stored in the cytoplasm of growing oocytes. After fertilization, maternal mRNAs are inherited by the zygote from the oocyte. As transcription becomes silent after oocyte growth, these mRNAs are the sole source for active protein translation. They will participate to complete the protein pool required for oocyte terminal differentiation, fertilization and initiation of early development, until reactivation of transcription in the embryo, called zygotic genome activation (ZGA). All these events are controlled by an important reshaping of the maternal transcriptome. This procedure combines cytoplasmic readenylation of stored transcripts, allowing their translation, and different waves of mRNA degradation by deadenylation coupled to decapping, to eliminate transcripts coding for proteins that are no longer required. The reshaping ends after ZGA with an almost total clearance of the maternal transcripts. In the past, the murine maternal transcriptome has received little attention but recent progresses have brought new insights into the regulation of maternal mRNA dynamics in the mouse. This review will address past and recent data on the mechanisms associated with maternal transcriptome dynamic in the mouse.
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Toralova T, Kinterova V, Chmelikova E, Kanka J. The neglected part of early embryonic development: maternal protein degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3177-3194. [PMID: 32095869 PMCID: PMC11104927 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of maternally provided molecules is a very important process during early embryogenesis. However, the vast majority of studies deals with mRNA degradation and protein degradation is only a very little explored process yet. The aim of this article was to summarize current knowledge about the protein degradation during embryogenesis of mammals. In addition to resuming of known data concerning mammalian embryogenesis, we tried to fill the gaps in knowledge by comparison with facts known about protein degradation in early embryos of non-mammalian species. Maternal protein degradation seems to be driven by very strict rules in terms of specificity and timing. The degradation of some maternal proteins is certainly necessary for the normal course of embryonic genome activation (EGA) and several concrete proteins that need to be degraded before major EGA have been already found. Nevertheless, the most important period seems to take place even before preimplantation development-during oocyte maturation. The defects arisen during this period seems to be later irreparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Toralova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kinterova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Chmelikova
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kanka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
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Li S, Yan H, Mei WM, Tse YC, Wang H. Boosting autophagy in sexual reproduction: a plant perspective. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:679-689. [PMID: 31917864 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The key process of sexual reproduction is the successful fusion of the sperm and egg cell. Distinct from dynamic and flagellated animal sperm cells, higher flowering plant sperm cells are immotile. Therefore, plants have evolved a novel reproductive system to achieve fertilization and generate progenies. Plant sexual reproduction consists of multiple steps, mainly including gametophyte development, pollen-pistil recognition, pollen germination, double fertilization and postfertilization. During reproduction, active production, consumption and recycling of cellular components and energy are critically required to achieve fertilization. However, the underlying machinery of cellular degradation and turnover remains largely unexplored. Autophagy, the major catabolic pathway in eukaryotic cells, participates in regulating multiple aspects of plant activities, including abiotic and biotic stress resistance, pathogen response, senescence, nutrient remobilization and plant development. Nevertheless, a key unanswered question is how autophagy regulates plant fertilization and reproduction. Here, we focus on comparing and contrasting autophagy in several key reproductive processes of plant and animal systems to feature important distinctions and highlight future research directions of autophagy in angiosperm reproduction. We further discuss the potential crosstalk between autophagy and programmed cell death, which are often considered as two disconnected events in plant sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - He Yan
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei-Ming Mei
- Outpatient Department of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Chung Tse
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Spike CA, Huelgas-Morales G, Tsukamoto T, Greenstein D. Multiple Mechanisms Inactivate the LIN-41 RNA-Binding Protein To Ensure a Robust Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2018; 210:1011-1037. [PMID: 30206186 PMCID: PMC6218228 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the conserved LIN-41 RNA-binding protein is a translational repressor that coordinately controls oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. LIN-41 exerts these effects, at least in part, by preventing the premature activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK-1 Here we investigate the mechanism by which LIN-41 is rapidly eliminated upon the onset of meiotic maturation. Elimination of LIN-41 requires the activities of CDK-1 and multiple SCF (Skp1, Cul1, and F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase subunits, including the conserved substrate adaptor protein SEL-10/Fbw7/Cdc4, suggesting that LIN-41 is a target of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Within the LIN-41 protein, two nonoverlapping regions, Deg-A and Deg-B, are individually necessary for LIN-41 degradation; both contain several potential phosphodegron sequences, and at least one of these sequences is required for LIN-41 degradation. Finally, Deg-A and Deg-B are sufficient, in combination, to mediate SEL-10-dependent degradation when transplanted into a different oocyte protein. Although LIN-41 is a potent inhibitor of protein translation and M phase entry, the failure to eliminate LIN-41 from early embryos does not result in the continued translational repression of LIN-41 oocyte messenger RNA targets. Based on these observations, we propose a model for the elimination of LIN-41 by the SEL-10 E3 ubiquitin ligase and suggest that LIN-41 is inactivated before it is degraded. Furthermore, we provide evidence that another RNA-binding protein, the GLD-1 tumor suppressor, is regulated similarly. Redundant mechanisms to extinguish translational repression by RNA-binding proteins may both control and provide robustness to irreversible developmental transitions, including meiotic maturation and the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Spike
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Gabriela Huelgas-Morales
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Tatsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - David Greenstein
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Horvat F, Fulka H, Jankele R, Malik R, Jun M, Solcova K, Sedlacek R, Vlahovicek K, Schultz RM, Svoboda P. Role of Cnot6l in maternal mRNA turnover. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800084. [PMID: 30456367 PMCID: PMC6238536 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Removal of poly(A) tail is an important mechanism controlling eukaryotic mRNA turnover. The major eukaryotic deadenylase complex CCR4-NOT contains two deadenylase components, CCR4 and CAF1, for which mammalian CCR4 is encoded by Cnot6 or Cnot6l paralogs. We show that Cnot6l apparently supplies the majority of CCR4 in the maternal CCR4-NOT in mouse, hamster, and bovine oocytes. Deletion of Cnot6l yielded viable mice, but Cnot6l -/- females exhibited ∼40% smaller litter size. The main onset of the phenotype was post-zygotic: fertilized Cnot6l -/- eggs developed slower and arrested more frequently than Cnot6l +/- eggs, suggesting that maternal CNOT6L is necessary for accurate oocyte-to-embryo transition. Transcriptome analysis revealed major transcriptome changes in Cnot6l -/- ovulated eggs and one-cell zygotes. In contrast, minimal transcriptome changes in preovulatory Cnot6l -/- oocytes were consistent with reported Cnot6l mRNA dormancy. A minimal overlap between transcripts sensitive to decapping inhibition and Cnot6l loss suggests that decapping and CNOT6L-mediated deadenylation selectively target distinct subsets of mRNAs during oocyte-to-embryo transition in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Fulka
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jankele
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Malik
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ma Jun
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Solcova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristian Vlahovicek
- Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Richard M Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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