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Varadharajan V, Ramachandiran I, Massey WJ, Jain R, Banerjee R, Horak AJ, McMullen MR, Huang E, Bellar A, Lorkowski SW, Gulshan K, Helsley RN, James I, Pathak V, Dasarathy J, Welch N, Dasarathy S, Streem D, Reizes O, Allende DS, Smith JD, Simcox J, Nagy LE, Brown JM. Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 7 (MBOAT7) shapes lysosomal lipid homeostasis and function to control alcohol-associated liver injury. eLife 2024; 12:RP92243. [PMID: 38648183 PMCID: PMC11034944 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a link between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the MBOAT7 gene and advanced liver diseases. Specifically, the common MBOAT7 variant (rs641738) associated with reduced MBOAT7 expression is implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and liver fibrosis. However, the precise mechanism underlying MBOAT7-driven liver disease progression remains elusive. Previously, we identified MBOAT7-driven acylation of lysophosphatidylinositol lipids as key mechanism suppressing the progression of NAFLD (Gwag et al., 2019). Here, we show that MBOAT7 loss of function promotes ALD via reorganization of lysosomal lipid homeostasis. Circulating levels of MBOAT7 metabolic products are significantly reduced in heavy drinkers compared to healthy controls. Hepatocyte- (Mboat7-HSKO), but not myeloid-specific (Mboat7-MSKO), deletion of Mboat7 exacerbates ethanol-induced liver injury. Lipidomic profiling reveals a reorganization of the hepatic lipidome in Mboat7-HSKO mice, characterized by increased endosomal/lysosomal lipids. Ethanol-exposed Mboat7-HSKO mice exhibit dysregulated autophagic flux and lysosomal biogenesis, associated with impaired transcription factor EB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis and autophagosome accumulation. This study provides mechanistic insights into how MBOAT7 influences ALD progression through dysregulation of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux, highlighting hepatocyte-specific MBOAT7 loss as a key driver of ethanol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anthony J Horak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Emily Huang
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Annette Bellar
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Shuhui W Lorkowski
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Kailash Gulshan
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonUnited States
| | - Isabella James
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Vai Pathak
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jaividhya Dasarathy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Family Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Nicole Welch
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - David Streem
- Lutheran Hospital, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - J Mark Brown
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center (NOAC), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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2
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Scheer ER, Werner NE, Coller RJ, Nacht CL, Petty L, Tang M, Ehlenbach M, Kelly MM, Finesilver S, Warner G, Katz B, Keim-Malpass J, Lunsford CD, Letzkus L, Desai SS, Valdez RS. Designing for caregiving networks: a case study of primary caregivers of children with medical complexity. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:1151-1162. [PMID: 38427845 PMCID: PMC11031225 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to characterize the experiences of primary caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) in engaging with other members of the child's caregiving network, thereby informing the design of health information technology (IT) for the caregiving network. Caregiving networks include friends, family, community members, and other trusted individuals who provide resources, information, health, or childcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of two qualitative studies. Primary studies conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 50) with family caregivers of CMC. Interviews were held in the Midwest (n = 30) and the mid-Atlantic region (n = 20). Interviews were transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Emergent themes were mapped to implications for the design of future health IT. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified 8 themes characterizing a wide range of primary caregivers' experiences in constructing, managing, and ensuring high-quality care delivery across the caregiving network. DISCUSSION Findings evidence a critical need to create flexible and customizable tools designed to support hiring/training processes, coordinating daily care across the caregiving network, communicating changing needs and care updates across the caregiving network, and creating contingency plans for instances where caregivers are unavailable to provide care to the CMC. Informaticists should additionally design accessible platforms that allow primary caregivers to connect with and learn from other caregivers while minimizing exposure to sensitive or emotional content as indicated by the user. CONCLUSION This article contributes to the design of health IT for CMC caregiving networks by uncovering previously underrecognized needs and experiences of CMC primary caregivers and drawing direct connections to design implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore Rae Scheer
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Nicole E Werner
- Department of Health and Wellness Design, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Ryan J Coller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Carrie L Nacht
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Lauren Petty
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Mengwei Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Mary Ehlenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michelle M Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Sara Finesilver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Gemma Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Barbara Katz
- Family Voices of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jessica Keim-Malpass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Christopher D Lunsford
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, United States
| | - Lisa Letzkus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Shaalini Sanjiv Desai
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Rupa S Valdez
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
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3
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Lee HJ, Bernau K, Harr TJ, Rosenkrans ZT, Kessler GA, Stott K, Oler AT, Rahar B, Zhu T, Medina-Guevara Y, Gupta N, Cho I, Gari MK, Burkel BM, Jeffery JJ, Weichmann AM, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Ponik SM, Engle JW, Hernandez R, Kwon GS, Sandbo N. [ 64Cu]Cu-PEG-FUD peptide for noninvasive and sensitive detection of murine pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj1444. [PMID: 38598637 PMCID: PMC11006221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease resulting in irreversible scarring within the lungs. However, the lack of biomarkers that enable real-time assessment of disease activity remains a challenge in providing efficient clinical decision-making and optimal patient care in IPF. Fibronectin (FN) is highly expressed in fibroblastic foci of the IPF lung where active extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition occurs. Functional upstream domain (FUD) tightly binds the N-terminal 70-kilodalton domain of FN that is crucial for FN assembly. In this study, we first demonstrate the capacity of PEGylated FUD (PEG-FUD) to target FN deposition in human IPF tissue ex vivo. We subsequently radiolabeled PEG-FUD with 64Cu and monitored its spatiotemporal biodistribution via μPET/CT imaging in mice using the bleomycin-induced model of pulmonary injury and fibrosis. We demonstrated [64Cu]Cu-PEG-FUD uptake 3 and 11 days following bleomycin treatment, suggesting that radiolabeled PEG-FUD holds promise as an imaging probe in aiding the assessment of fibrotic lung disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ksenija Bernau
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Thomas J. Harr
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Zachary T. Rosenkrans
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Grace A. Kessler
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Kristen Stott
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Angie Tebon Oler
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Babita Rahar
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Terry Zhu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Yadira Medina-Guevara
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Inyoung Cho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Metti K. Gari
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brian M. Burkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Justin J. Jeffery
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ashley M. Weichmann
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bianca R. Tomasini-Johansson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, 502 S. Rosa Rd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Glen S. Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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4
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Leis E, Katona R, Dziki S, McCann R, Standish I, Opgenorth E, Dikkeboom A, Lim A, Ford CE, Goldberg TL. Novel Aquareovirus isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) used in mussel restoration efforts in Wisconsin. J Fish Dis 2024:e13938. [PMID: 38462942 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are a food fish extensively reared in aquaculture facilities throughout the world and are also among the most abundant wild catfish species in North America, making them a popular target of anglers. Furthermore, channel catfish are important members of aquatic ecosystems; for example, they serve as a glochidial host for the endangered winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrula fragosa), making them critical for conserving this species through hatchery-based restoration efforts. During a routine health inspection, a novel aquareovirus was isolated from channel catfish used in mussel propagation efforts at a fish hatchery in Wisconsin. This virus was isolated on brown bullhead cells (ATCC CCL-59) and identified through metagenomic sequencing as a novel member of the family Spinareoviridae, genus Aquareovirus. The virus genome consists of 11 segments, as is typical of the aquareoviruses, with phylogenetic relationships based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and major outer capsid protein amino acid sequences showing it to be most closely related to golden shiner virus (aquareovirus C) and aquareovirus C/American grass carp reovirus (aquareovirus G) respectively. The potential of the new virus, which we name genictpun virus 1 (GNIPV-1), to cause disease in channel catfish or other species remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Leis
- La Crosse Fish Health Center-Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan Katona
- La Crosse Fish Health Center-Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Dziki
- La Crosse Fish Health Center-Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebekah McCann
- La Crosse Fish Health Center-Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Isaac Standish
- La Crosse Fish Health Center-Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eryn Opgenorth
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Audrey Dikkeboom
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ailam Lim
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charlotte E Ford
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Freshwater & Marine Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Freshwater & Marine Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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5
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Prentice MB, Gilbertson MLJ, Storm DJ, Turner WC, Walsh DP, Pinkerton ME, Kamath PL. Metagenomic sequencing sheds light on microbes putatively associated with pneumonia-related fatalities of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). Microb Genom 2024; 10:001214. [PMID: 38536208 PMCID: PMC10995629 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
With emerging infectious disease outbreaks in human, domestic and wild animal populations on the rise, improvements in pathogen characterization and surveillance are paramount for the protection of human and animal health, as well as the conservation of ecologically and economically important wildlife. Genomics offers a range of suitable tools to meet these goals, with metagenomic sequencing facilitating the characterization of whole microbial communities associated with emerging and endemic disease outbreaks. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing in a case-control study to identify microbes in lung tissue associated with newly observed pneumonia-related fatalities in 34 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Wisconsin, USA. We identified 20 bacterial species that occurred in more than a single individual. Of these, only Clostridium novyi was found to substantially differ (in number of detections) between case and control sample groups; however, this difference was not statistically significant. We also detected several bacterial species associated with pneumonia and/or other diseases in ruminants (Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Trueperella pyogenes, Pasteurella multocida, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Fusobacterium necrophorum); however, these species did not substantially differ between case and control sample groups. On average, we detected a larger number of bacterial species in case samples than controls, supporting the potential role of polymicrobial infections in this system. Importantly, we did not detect DNA of viruses or fungi, suggesting that they are not significantly associated with pneumonia in this system. Together, these results highlight the utility of metagenomic sequencing for identifying disease-associated microbes. This preliminary list of microbes will help inform future research on pneumonia-associated fatalities of white-tailed deer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie L. J. Gilbertson
- Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Wendy C. Turner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel P. Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Montana, USA
| | - Marie E. Pinkerton
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pauline L. Kamath
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Maine, USA
- Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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6
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Masse M, Hutchinson RB, Morgan CE, Allaman HJ, Guan H, Yu EW, Cavagnero S. Mapping Protein-Protein Interactions at Birth: Single-Particle Cryo-EM Analysis of a Ribosome-Nascent Globin Complex. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:385-401. [PMID: 38435509 PMCID: PMC10906257 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between ribosome-bound nascent chains (RNCs) and ribosomal components are critical to elucidate the mechanism of cotranslational protein folding. Nascent protein-ribosome contacts within the ribosomal exit tunnel were previously assessed mostly in the presence of C-terminal stalling sequences, yet little is known about contacts taking place in the absence of these strongly interacting motifs. Further, there is nearly no information about ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) interacting with nascent chains within the outer surface of the ribosome. Here, we combine chemical cross-linking, single-particle cryo-EM, and fluorescence anisotropy decays to determine the structural features of ribosome-bound apomyoglobin (apoMb). Within the ribosomal exit tunnel core, interactions are similar to those identified in previous reports. However, once the RNC enters the tunnel vestibule, it becomes more dynamic and interacts with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the L23 r-protein. Remarkably, on the outer surface of the ribosome, RNCs interact mainly with a highly conserved nonpolar patch of the L23 r-protein. RNCs also comprise a compact and dynamic N-terminal region lacking contact with the ribosome. In all, apoMb traverses the ribosome and interacts with it via its C-terminal region, while N-terminal residues sample conformational space and form a compact subdomain before the entire nascent protein sequence departs from the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meranda
M. Masse
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rachel B. Hutchinson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christopher E. Morgan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Heather J. Allaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hongqing Guan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Edward W. Yu
- Department
of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Ghosh S, Lee SJ, Hsu JC, Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Cai W. Cancer Brachytherapy at the Nanoscale: An Emerging Paradigm. Chem Biomed Imaging 2024; 2:4-26. [PMID: 38274040 PMCID: PMC10806911 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brachytherapy is an established treatment modality that has been globally utilized for the therapy of malignant solid tumors. However, classic therapeutic sealed sources used in brachytherapy must be surgically implanted directly into the tumor site and removed after the requisite period of treatment. In order to avoid the trauma involved in the surgical procedures and prevent undesirable radioactive distribution at the cancerous site, well-dispersed radiolabeled nanomaterials are now being explored for brachytherapy applications. This emerging field has been coined "nanoscale brachytherapy". Despite present-day advancements, an ongoing challenge is obtaining an advanced, functional nanomaterial that concurrently incorporates features of high radiolabeling yield, short labeling time, good radiolabeling stability, and long tumor retention time without leakage of radioactivity to the nontargeted organs. Further, attachment of suitable targeting ligands to the nanoplatforms would widen the nanoscale brachytherapy approach to tumors expressing various phenotypes. Molecular imaging using radiolabeled nanoplatforms enables noninvasive visualization of cellular functions and biological processes in vivo. In vivo imaging also aids in visualizing the localization and retention of the radiolabeled nanoplatforms at the tumor site for the requisite time period to render safe and effective therapy. Herein, we review the advancements over the last several years in the synthesis and use of functionalized radiolabeled nanoplatforms as a noninvasive substitute to standard brachytherapy sources. The limitations of present-day brachytherapy sealed sources are analyzed, while highlighting the advantages of using radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose. The recent progress in the development of different radiolabeling methods, delivery techniques and nanoparticle internalization mechanisms are discussed. The preclinical studies performed to date are summarized with an emphasis on the current challenges toward the future translation of nanoscale brachytherapy in routine clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Ghosh
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sophia J. Lee
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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8
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Cotter LM, Yang S. Are interactive and tailored data visualizations effective in promoting flu vaccination among the elderly? Evidence from a randomized experiment. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:317-328. [PMID: 37218375 PMCID: PMC10797269 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although interactive data visualizations are increasingly popular for health communication, it remains to be seen what design features improve psychological and behavioral targets. This study experimentally tested how interactivity and descriptive titles may influence perceived susceptibility to the flu, intention to vaccinate, and information recall, particularly among older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We created data visualization dashboards on flu vaccinations, tested in a 2 (explanatory text vs none) × 3 (interactive + tailored, static + tailored, static + nontailored) + questionnaire-only control randomized between-participant online experiment (N = 1378). RESULTS The flu dashboards significantly increased perceived susceptibility to the flu compared to the control: static+nontailored dashboard, b = 0.14, P = .049; static-tailored, b = 0.16, P = .028; and interactive+tailored, b = 0.15, P = .039. Interactive dashboards potentially decreased recall particularly among the elderly (moderation by age: b = -0.03, P = .073). The benefits of descriptive text on recall were larger among the elderly (interaction effects: b = 0.03, P = .025). DISCUSSION Interactive dashboards with complex statistics and limited textual information are widely used in health and public health but may be suboptimal for older individuals. We experimentally showed that adding explanatory text on visualizations can increase information recall particularly for older populations. CONCLUSION We did not find evidence to support the effectiveness of interactivity in data visualizations on flu vaccination intentions or on information recall. Future research should examine what types of explanatory text can best support improved health outcomes and intentions in other contexts. Practitioners should consider whether interactivity is optimal in data visualization dashboards for their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Cotter
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sijia Yang
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Ward RM, Hu Y, Tu NP, Schomaker JM. Solvent Effects on the Chemo- and Site-Selectivity of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions: Alternatives to Chlorinated Solvents. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202300964. [PMID: 37696772 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed, non-enzymatic nitrene transfer (NT) reactions to selectively transform C-H and C=C bonds to new C-N bonds are a powerful strategy to streamline the preparation of valuable amine building blocks. However, many catalysts for these reactions use environmentally unfriendly solvents that include dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene. We developed a high-throughput experimentation (HTE) protocol for heterogeneous NT reaction mixtures to enable rapid screening of a broad range of solvents for this chemistry. Coupled with the American Chemical Society Pharmaceutical Roundtable (ACSPR) solvent tool, we identified several attractive replacements for chlorinated solvents. Selected catalysts for NT were compared and contrasted using our HTE protocol, including silver supported by N-dentate ligands, dinuclear Rh complexes and Fe/Mn phthalocyanine catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Noah P Tu
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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10
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Minich M, Chang CT, Kriss LA, Tveleneva A, Cascio CN. Gain/loss framing moderates the VMPFC's response to persuasive messages when behaviors have personal outcomes. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad069. [PMID: 37952097 PMCID: PMC10686349 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity within the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during encoding of persuasive messages has been shown to predict message-consistent behaviors both within scanner samples and at the population level. This suggests that neuroimaging can aid in the development of better persuasive messages, but little is known about how the brain responds to different message features. Building on past findings, the current study found that gain-framed persuasive messages elicited more VMPFC activation than loss-framed messages, but only when messages addressed outcomes that would be experienced by participants directly. Participants also perceived gain-framed messages as more effective than loss-framed messages, and self-reported perceptions of message effectiveness were positively correlated with VMPFC activation. These results support theories that VMPFC activity during message encoding indexes perceptions of value and self-relevance and demonstrate that established theories of persuasion can improve the understanding of the neural correlates of persuasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Minich
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Chang
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Lauren A Kriss
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Arina Tveleneva
- Foster School of Business, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christopher N Cascio
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA
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11
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Wille CK, Zhang X, Haws SA, Denu JM, Sridharan R. DOT1L is a barrier to histone acetylation during reprogramming to pluripotency. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf3980. [PMID: 37976354 PMCID: PMC10656071 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have transcriptionally permissive chromatin enriched for gene activation-associated histone modifications. A striking exception is DOT1L-mediated H3K79 dimethylation (H3K79me2) that is considered a positive regulator of transcription. We find that ESCs are depleted for H3K79me2 at shared locations of enrichment with somatic cells, which are highly and ubiquitously expressed housekeeping genes, and have lower RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) at the transcription start site (TSS) despite greater nascent transcription. Inhibiting DOT1L increases the efficiency of reprogramming of somatic to induced pluripotent stem cells, enables an ESC-like RNAPII pattern at the TSS, and functionally compensates for enforced RNAPII pausing. DOT1L inhibition increases H3K27 methylation and RNAPII elongation-enhancing histone acetylation without changing the expression of the causal histone-modifying enzymes. Only the maintenance of elevated histone acetylation is essential for enhanced reprogramming and occurs at loci that are depleted for H3K79me2. Thus, DOT1L inhibition promotes the hyperacetylation and hypertranscription pluripotent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral K. Wille
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Spencer A. Haws
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rupa Sridharan
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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Lubega N, Anderson A, Nelson NC. Experience of irreproducibility as a risk factor for poor mental health in biomedical science doctoral students: A survey and interview-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293584. [PMID: 37967083 PMCID: PMC10651026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of irreproducibility and of poor mental health in graduate students have been reported in the biomedical sciences in the past ten years, but to date, little research has investigated whether these two trends interact. In this study, we ask whether the experience of failing to replicate an expected finding impacts graduate students' mental health. Using an online survey paired with semi-structured qualitative interviews, we examined how often biomedical science doctoral students at a large American public university experienced events that could be interpreted as failures to replicate and how they responded to these experiences. We found that almost all participants had experience with irreproducibility: 84% had failed to replicate their own results, 70% had failed to replicate a colleague's finding, and 58% had failed to replicate a result from the published literature. Participants reported feelings of self-doubt, frustration, and depression while experiencing irreproducibility, and in 24% of cases, these emotional responses were strong enough to interfere with participants' eating, sleeping, or ability to work. A majority (82%) of participants initially believed that the anomalous results could be attributed to their own error. However, after further experimentation, most participants concluded that the original result was wrong (38%), that there was a key difference between the original experiment and their own (17%), or that there was a problem with the protocol (17%). These results suggest that biomedical science graduate students may be biased towards initially interpreting failures to replicate as indicative of a lack of skill, which may trigger or perpetuate feelings of anxiety, depression, or impostorism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Lubega
- University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, United States of America
| | - Abigail Anderson
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Chicago IL, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. Nelson
- University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, United States of America
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13
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Dahmer KJ, Palma-Cuero M, Ciuoderis K, Patiño C, Roitman S, Li Z, Sinha A, Hite JL, Cuellar OB, Hernandez-Ortiz JP, Osorio JE, Christensen BM, Carlow CKS, Zamanian M. Molecular Surveillance Detects High Prevalence of the Neglected Parasite Mansonella ozzardi in the Colombian Amazon. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1441-1451. [PMID: 37566913 PMCID: PMC10640775 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mansonellosis is an undermapped insect-transmitted disease caused by filarial nematodes that are estimated to infect hundreds of millions of people. Despite their prevalence, there are many outstanding questions regarding the general biology and health impacts of the responsible parasites. Historical reports suggest that the Colombian Amazon is endemic for mansonellosis and may serve as an ideal location to pursue these questions. METHODS We deployed molecular and classical approaches to survey Mansonella prevalence among adults belonging to indigenous communities along the Amazon River and its tributaries near Leticia, Colombia. RESULTS Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays on whole-blood samples detected a much higher prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection (approximately 40%) compared to blood smear microscopy or LAMP performed using plasma, likely reflecting greater sensitivity and the ability to detect low microfilaremias and occult infections. Mansonella infection rates increased with age and were higher among men. Genomic analysis confirmed the presence of M. ozzardi that clusters closely with strains sequenced in neighboring countries. We successfully cryopreserved M. ozzardi microfilariae, advancing the prospects of rearing infective larvae in controlled settings. CONCLUSION These data suggest an underestimation of true mansonellosis prevalence, and we expect that these methods will help facilitate the study of mansonellosis in endemic and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra J Dahmer
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Monica Palma-Cuero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- One Health Colombia, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karl Ciuoderis
- One Health Colombia, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- One Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia–University of Wisconsin-Global Health Institute, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patiño
- One Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia–University of Wisconsin-Global Health Institute, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Zhiru Li
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amit Sinha
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Hite
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Juan P Hernandez-Ortiz
- One Health Colombia, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- One Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia–University of Wisconsin-Global Health Institute, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- One Health Colombia, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bruce M Christensen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- One Health Colombia, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Mostafa Zamanian
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- One Health Colombia, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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14
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Westphall M, Lee KW, Hemme C, Salome AZ, Mertz K, Grant T, Coon JJ. Cryogenic Soft Landing Improves Structural Preservation of Protein Complexes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15094-15101. [PMID: 37732836 PMCID: PMC10568529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe an apparatus for the cryogenic landing of particles from the ion beam of a mass spectrometer onto transmission electron microscope grids for cryo-electron microscopy. This system also allows for the controlled formation of thin films of amorphous ice on the grid surface. We demonstrate that as compared to room temperature landings, the use of this cryogenic landing device greatly improves the structural preservation of deposited protein-protein complexes. Furthermore, landing under cryogenic conditions can increase the diversity of particle orientations, allowing for improved 3D structural interpretation. We conclude that this approach allows for the direct coupling of mass spectrometry with cryo-electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
S. Westphall
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Lee
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Colin Hemme
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge
Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Austin Z. Salome
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Keaton Mertz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Timothy Grant
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge
Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge
Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
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15
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Alnammi M, Liu S, Ericksen SS, Ananiev GE, Voter AF, Guo S, Keck JL, Hoffmann FM, Wildman SA, Gitter A. Evaluating Scalable Supervised Learning for Synthesize-on-Demand Chemical Libraries. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5513-5528. [PMID: 37625010 PMCID: PMC10538940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Traditional small-molecule drug discovery is a time-consuming and costly endeavor. High-throughput chemical screening can only assess a tiny fraction of drug-like chemical space. The strong predictive power of modern machine-learning methods for virtual chemical screening enables training models on known active and inactive compounds and extrapolating to much larger chemical libraries. However, there has been limited experimental validation of these methods in practical applications on large commercially available or synthesize-on-demand chemical libraries. Through a prospective evaluation with the bacterial protein-protein interaction PriA-SSB, we demonstrate that ligand-based virtual screening can identify many active compounds in large commercial libraries. We use cross-validation to compare different types of supervised learning models and select a random forest (RF) classifier as the best model for this target. When predicting the activity of more than 8 million compounds from Aldrich Market Select, the RF substantially outperforms a naïve baseline based on chemical structure similarity. 48% of the RF's 701 selected compounds are active. The RF model easily scales to score one billion compounds from the synthesize-on-demand Enamine REAL database. We tested 68 chemically diverse top predictions from Enamine REAL and observed 31 hits (46%), including one with an IC50 value of 1.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Alnammi
- Department
of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge
Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department
of Information and Computer Science, King
Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shengchao Liu
- Department
of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge
Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Spencer S. Ericksen
- Small
Molecule Screening Facility, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Gene E. Ananiev
- Small
Molecule Screening Facility, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Andrew F. Voter
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Song Guo
- Small
Molecule Screening Facility, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - James L. Keck
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of
Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - F. Michael Hoffmann
- Small
Molecule Screening Facility, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- McArdle Laboratory
for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- Small
Molecule Screening Facility, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Anthony Gitter
- Department
of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge
Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department
of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
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16
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Gross ME, Godecker A, Hughes A, Sampene K. Leveraging quality improvement to promote health equity: standardization of prenatal aspirin recommendations. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:651. [PMID: 37684606 PMCID: PMC10492279 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aspirin (ASA) is recommended for patients at elevated risk of preeclampsia. Limited data exists on adherence to guidelines for ASA prescription. This project evaluates the implementation of a standardized approach to ASA prescription in an academic OB/Gyn practice. METHODS We implemented a quality improvement project to evaluate compliance with the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for ASA to prevent preeclampsia. Pre-intervention, we analyzed prescription adherence at 201 New Obstetric (NOB) visits. A multi-step intervention was then implemented at 199 NOB visits. Nurses utilized a checklist created from USPSTF guidelines to identify high-risk patients, defined as having ≥1 high-risk factor or ≥2 moderate-risk factors. ASA orders were placed by physicians. A Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle was performed, and changes implemented. Primary outcome was percent of patients screened at RN intake visit (goal = 90%). Secondary outcomes were percent of patients who screened positive that received the ASA recommendation (goal = 80%) and percent screened and recommended by race. RESULTS Pre-intervention, 47% of patients met criteria for ASA and 28% received a documented recommendation. Post-intervention, 99% were screened. Half (48%) met criteria for an ASA recommendation and 79% received a recommendation (p = < 0.001). Rates of appropriate recommendation did not differ by Black (80%) vs. non-Black (79%) status (p = 0.25). Subsequent PDSA cycles for 12 months neared 100% RN screening rates. Physicians correctly recommended ASA 80-100% of the time. CONCLUSION It is feasible, sustainable and equitable to standardize screening and implementation of ASA to patients at high risk for preeclampsia. Providers can easily reproduce our processes to improve delivery of equitable and reliable preventative obstetric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya E Gross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Amy Godecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ainsley Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine Sampene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Nadeem H, Romley JA, Warren Andersen S. Reduced racial disparity in receipt of optimal locoregional treatment for women with early-stage breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291025. [PMID: 37656742 PMCID: PMC10473527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Racial disparities in breast cancer treatment contribute to Black women having the worst breast cancer survival rates in the U.S. We investigated whether differences in receipt of optimal locoregional treatment (OLT), defined as receipt of mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery, or no surgery when contraindicated, existed between Black and White women with early-stage breast cancer from 2008-2018. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program Incidence Database was utilized to identify tumor cases from Black and White women aged 20-64 years old with stage I-II breast cancer. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between race and receipt of OLT as well as potential effect modification by tumor characteristics, and year of diagnosis. RESULTS Among 177,234 women diagnosed with early-stage breast tumors, disparities in OLT between Black and White women were present from 2008-2010 (2008: 82.1% Black vs. 85.7% White, p<0.001; 2009: 82.1% Black vs. 85.8% White, p<0.001; 2010: 82.2% Black vs. 87.2% White, p<0.001). This disparity was eliminated between 2010-2011 (86.3% Black vs. 87.5% White, p = 0.15), and did not reoccur during the remainder of the study period. From 2010-2011, more Black women received radiation therapy following breast-conserving surgery (43.4% to 48.9%; p = 0.001), which accounted for an overall increased receipt of OLT. CONCLUSION Increased receipt of radiation therapy with breast-conserving surgery appeared to drive a substantial increase in OLT for Black women from 2010-2011 that lasted throughout the study period. Further research on the underlying mechanisms that reduced this disparity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Nadeem
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - John A. Romley
- USC Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- USC Price School of Public Policy, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
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18
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Jones N, Zahid Z, Grady SM, Sultan ZW, Zheng Z, Razidlo J, Banks MI, Wenthur CJ. Transient Elevation of Plasma Glucocorticoids Supports Psilocybin-Induced Anxiolysis in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1221-1231. [PMID: 37588757 PMCID: PMC10425994 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
While correlations between drug-induced cortisol elevation, self-reported anxiety, and treatment outcomes have been reported for human studies during psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, the mechanistic relationship between psychedelic-associated alterations in plasma glucocorticoid responses and the time course of anxious responsiveness remains unclear. Using rodents, both time-bound manipulation of glucocorticoid concentrations and assessment of anxiety-like behaviors can be achieved. Here, 3 mg/kg IP psilocybin was found to have anxiolytic-like effects in C57BL/6 male mice at 4 h after treatment. These effects were not altered by pretreatment with a 5-HT2A antagonist but were blunted by pretreatment with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist or suppression of psilocybin-induced corticosterone elevations. Anxiolytic-like effects were also observed at 4 h following treatment with the nonpsychedelic 5-HT2A agonist lisuride at a dose causing a similar increase in plasma glucocorticoids as that seen with psilocybin, as well as following stress-induced (via repeated injection) glucocorticoid release alone. Psilocybin's anxiolytic-like effects persisted at 7 days following administration. The long-term anxiolytic effects of psilocybin were lost when psilocybin was administered to animals with ongoing chronic elevations in plasma corticosterone concentrations. Overall, these experiments indicate that acute, resolvable psilocybin-induced glucocorticoid release drives the postacute anxiolytic-like effects of psilocybin in mice and that its long-term anxiolytic-like effects can be abolished in the presence of chronically elevated plasma glucocorticoid elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
T. Jones
- Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zarmeen Zahid
- Neuroscience
Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sean M. Grady
- Department
of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ziyad W. Sultan
- Department
of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John Razidlo
- Neuroscience
Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew I. Banks
- Neuroscience
Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Transdisciplinary
Center for Research in Psychoactive Substances, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Cody J. Wenthur
- Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Neuroscience
Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Transdisciplinary
Center for Research in Psychoactive Substances, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Carter KJ, Ward AT, Kellawan JM, Harrell JW, Peltonen GL, Roberts GS, Al-Subu A, Hagen SA, Serlin RC, Eldridge MW, Wieben O, Schrage WG. Reduced basal macrovascular and microvascular cerebral blood flow in young adults with metabolic syndrome: potential mechanisms. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:94-108. [PMID: 37199780 PMCID: PMC10292973 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00688.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety-million Americans suffer metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), increasing the risk of diabetes and poor brain outcomes, including neuropathology linked to lower cerebral blood flow (CBF), predominantly in anterior regions. We tested the hypothesis that total and regional CBF is lower in MetSyn more so in the anterior brain and explored three potential mechanisms. Thirty-four controls (25 ± 5 yr) and 19 MetSyn (30 ± 9 yr), with no history of cardiovascular disease/medications, underwent four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify macrovascular CBF, whereas arterial spin labeling quantified brain perfusion in a subset (n = 38/53). Contributions of cyclooxygenase (COX; n = 14), nitric oxide synthase (NOS, n = 17), or endothelin receptor A signaling (n = 13) were tested with indomethacin, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), and Ambrisentan, respectively. Total CBF was 20 ± 16% lower in MetSyn (725 ± 116 vs. 582 ± 119 mL/min, P < 0.001). Anterior and posterior brain regions were 17 ± 18% and 30 ± 24% lower in MetSyn; reductions were not different between regions (P = 0.112). Global perfusion was 16 ± 14% lower in MetSyn (44 ± 7 vs. 36 ± 5 mL/100 g/min, P = 0.002) and regionally in frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes (range 15-22%). The decrease in CBF with L-NMMA (P = 0.004) was not different between groups (P = 0.244, n = 14, 3), and Ambrisentan had no effect on either group (P = 0.165, n = 9, 4). Interestingly, indomethacin reduced CBF more in Controls in the anterior brain (P = 0.041), but CBF decrease in posterior was not different between groups (P = 0.151, n = 8, 6). These data indicate that adults with MetSyn exhibit substantially reduced brain perfusion without regional differences. Moreover, this reduction is not due to loss of NOS or gain of ET-1 signaling but rather a loss of COX vasodilation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Using MRI and research pharmaceuticals to study the role of NOS, ET-1, or COX signaling, we found that adults with MetSyn exhibit substantially lower CBF that is not explained by changes in NOS or ET-1 signaling. Interestingly, adults with MetSyn show a loss of COX-mediated vasodilation in the anterior but not posterior circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aaron T Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
| | - John W Harrell
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Garrett L Peltonen
- School of Nursing and Kinesiology, Western New Mexico University, Silver City, New Mexico, United States
| | - Grant S Roberts
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Awni Al-Subu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Scott A Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ronald C Serlin
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - William G Schrage
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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20
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Crawford SK, Hickey J, Vlisides J, Chambers JS, Mosiman SJ, Heiderscheit BC. The effects of hip- vs. knee-dominant hamstring exercise on biceps femoris morphology, strength, and sprint performance: a randomized intervention trial protocol. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:72. [PMID: 37365624 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hamstrings are an important muscle group that contribute to horizontal force during sprint acceleration and are also the most injured muscle group in running-based sports. Given the significant time loss associated with hamstrings injury and impaired sprinting performance following return to sport, identifying exercises that drive adaptations that are both protective of strain injury and beneficial to sprint performance is important for the strength and conditioning professional. This paper describes the study protocol investigating the effects of a 6-week training program using either the hip-dominant Romanian deadlift (RDL) or the knee-dominant Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) on hamstring strain injury risk factors and sprint performance. METHODS A permuted block randomized (1:1 allocation) intervention trial will be conducted involving young, physically-active men and women. A target sample size of 32 will be recruited and enrolled participants will undergo baseline testing involving extended-field-of-view ultrasound imaging and shear wave elastography of the biceps femoris long head muscle, maximal hamstrings strength testing in both the RDL and NHE, and on-field sprint performance and biomechanics. Participants will complete the 6-week training intervention using either the RDL or NHE, according to group allocation. Baseline testing will be repeated at the end of the 6-week intervention followed by 2 weeks of detraining and a final testing session. The primary outcome will be regional changes in fascicle length with secondary outcomes including pennation angle, muscle cross sectional area, hamstring strength, and maximal sprint performance and biomechanics. An exploratory aim will determine changes in shear wave velocity. DISCUSSION Despite extensive research showing the benefits of the NHE on reducing hamstring strain injury risk, alternative exercises, such as the RDL, may offer similar or potentially even greater benefits. The findings of this study will aim to inform future researchers and practitioners investigating alternatives to the NHE, such as the RDL, in terms of their effectiveness in reducing rates of hamstring strain injury in larger scale prospective intervention studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05455346; July 15, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Crawford
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Jack Hickey
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Sport Science and Nutrition, Maynooth University, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Jessica Vlisides
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer S Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel J Mosiman
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryan C Heiderscheit
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Badger Athletic Performance Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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21
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Starekova J, Nagle SK, Schiebler ML, Reeder SB, Meduri VN. Pulmonary MRA During Pregnancy: Early Experience With Ferumoxytol. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1815-1818. [PMID: 36315131 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferumoxytol, an intravenous iron supplement, is commonly used to treat anemia in pregnancy. Ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (Fe-MRA) is a viable off-label alternative to gadolinium-enhanced MRA for assessment of pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnancy. PURPOSE To describe our clinical experience with Fe-MRA in pregnant women with suspected PE. STUDY TYPE Retrospective, observational, cohort. POPULATION A total of 98 Fe-MRA exams (consecutive sample) performed in 94 pregnant women. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 1.5 T and 3.0 T, 3D T1-weighted MRA. ASSESSMENT After IRB approval including a waiver of informed consent, electronic health records were reviewed retrospectively for all Fe-MRA exams performed at our institution in pregnant between January, 2017 and March, 2022. The Fe-MRA protocol included 3D-MRA for assessment of pulmonary arteries, and T1-weighted imaging for ancillary findings. Fe-MRA exam duration was measured from image time stamps. Fe-MRA exams were reviewed by three cardiovascular imagers using a 4-point Likert scale for image quality and confidence for PE diagnosis (score 4 = best, 1 = worst), and tabulation of ancillary findings. STATISTICAL TESTS Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The overall image quality and confidence score is given as the mean of three readers. RESULTS The 98 Fe-MRA exams were performed in 94 pregnant women (age 30 ± 6, range 19-48 years, gestational week 23 ± 10, range 3-38 weeks), with four undergoing two Fe-MRA exams during their pregnancy. Median Fe-MRA exam durration was 8 minutes (interquantile range 6 minutes). Overall image quality score was 3.3 ± 0.9. Confidence score for diagnosing PE was 3.5 ± 0.8. One subject was positive for PE (1/94, 1%); 42 of the 94 (45%) subjects Fe-MRA had ancillary findings including hydronephrosis or pneumonia. CONCLUSION Ferumoxytol enhanced MRA is a radiation- and gadolinium-free alternative for diagnosis of PE during pregancy. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Starekova
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott K Nagle
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark L Schiebler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Venkata N Meduri
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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22
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De Lange WJ, Farrell ET, Hernandez JJ, Stempien A, Kreitzer CR, Jacobs DR, Petty DL, Moss RL, Crone WC, Ralphe JC. cMyBP-C ablation in human engineered cardiac tissue causes progressive Ca2+-handling abnormalities. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213204. [PMID: 36893011 PMCID: PMC10038829 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Truncation mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are common causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Heterozygous carriers present with classical HCM, while homozygous carriers present with early onset HCM that rapidly progress to heart failure. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce heterozygous (cMyBP-C+/-) and homozygous (cMyBP-C-/-) frame-shift mutations into MYBPC3 in human iPSCs. Cardiomyocytes derived from these isogenic lines were used to generate cardiac micropatterns and engineered cardiac tissue constructs (ECTs) that were characterized for contractile function, Ca2+-handling, and Ca2+-sensitivity. While heterozygous frame shifts did not alter cMyBP-C protein levels in 2-D cardiomyocytes, cMyBP-C+/- ECTs were haploinsufficient. cMyBP-C-/- cardiac micropatterns produced increased strain with normal Ca2+-handling. After 2 wk of culture in ECT, contractile function was similar between the three genotypes; however, Ca2+-release was slower in the setting of reduced or absent cMyBP-C. At 6 wk in ECT culture, the Ca2+-handling abnormalities became more pronounced in both cMyBP-C+/- and cMyBP-C-/- ECTs, and force production became severely depressed in cMyBP-C-/- ECTs. RNA-seq analysis revealed enrichment of differentially expressed hypertrophic, sarcomeric, Ca2+-handling, and metabolic genes in cMyBP-C+/- and cMyBP-C-/- ECTs. Our data suggest a progressive phenotype caused by cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency and ablation that initially is hypercontractile, but progresses to hypocontractility with impaired relaxation. The severity of the phenotype correlates with the amount of cMyBP-C present, with more severe earlier phenotypes observed in cMyBP-C-/- than cMyBP-C+/- ECTs. We propose that while the primary effect of cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency or ablation may relate to myosin crossbridge orientation, the observed contractile phenotype is Ca2+-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J. De Lange
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily T. Farrell
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Hernandez
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alana Stempien
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caroline R. Kreitzer
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Derek R. Jacobs
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dominique L. Petty
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard L. Moss
- Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wendy C. Crone
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J. Carter Ralphe
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Garcia AK, Harris DF, Rivier AJ, Carruthers BM, Pinochet-Barros A, Seefeldt LC, Kaçar B. Nitrogenase resurrection and the evolution of a singular enzymatic mechanism. eLife 2023; 12:e85003. [PMID: 36799917 PMCID: PMC9977276 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The planetary biosphere is powered by a suite of key metabolic innovations that emerged early in the history of life. However, it is unknown whether life has always followed the same set of strategies for performing these critical tasks. Today, microbes access atmospheric sources of bioessential nitrogen through the activities of just one family of enzymes, nitrogenases. Here, we show that the only dinitrogen reduction mechanism known to date is an ancient feature conserved from nitrogenase ancestors. We designed a paleomolecular engineering approach wherein ancestral nitrogenase genes were phylogenetically reconstructed and inserted into the genome of the diazotrophic bacterial model, Azotobacter vinelandii, enabling an integrated assessment of both in vivo functionality and purified nitrogenase biochemistry. Nitrogenase ancestors are active and robust to variable incorporation of one or more ancestral protein subunits. Further, we find that all ancestors exhibit the reversible enzymatic mechanism for dinitrogen reduction, specifically evidenced by hydrogen inhibition, which is also exhibited by extant A. vinelandii nitrogenase isozymes. Our results suggest that life may have been constrained in its sampling of protein sequence space to catalyze one of the most energetically challenging biochemical reactions in nature. The experimental framework established here is essential for probing how nitrogenase functionality has been shaped within a dynamic, cellular context to sustain a globally consequential metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Derek F Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUnited States
| | - Alex J Rivier
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Brooke M Carruthers
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | | | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUnited States
| | - Betül Kaçar
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonUnited States
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24
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Nair S, Welch EL, Moravec CE, Trevena RL, Hansen CL, Pelegri F. The midbody component Prc1-like is required for microtubule reorganization during cytokinesis and dorsal determinant segregation in the early zebrafish embryo. Development 2023; 150:dev200564. [PMID: 36789950 PMCID: PMC10112900 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We show that the zebrafish maternal-effect mutation too much information (tmi) corresponds to zebrafish prc1-like (prc1l), which encodes a member of the MAP65/Ase1/PRC1 family of microtubule-associated proteins. Embryos from tmi homozygous mutant mothers display cytokinesis defects in meiotic and mitotic divisions in the early embryo, indicating that Prc1l has a role in midbody formation during cell division at the egg-to-embryo transition. Unexpectedly, maternal Prc1l function is also essential for the reorganization of vegetal pole microtubules required for the segregation of dorsal determinants. Whereas Prc1 is widely regarded to crosslink microtubules in an antiparallel conformation, our studies provide evidence for an additional function of Prc1l in the bundling of parallel microtubules in the vegetal cortex of the early embryo during cortical rotation and prior to mitotic cycling. These findings highlight common yet distinct aspects of microtubule reorganization that occur during the egg-to-embryo transition, driven by maternal product for the midbody component Prc1l and required for embryonic cell division and pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelaja Nair
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Elaine L. Welch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cara E. Moravec
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ryan L. Trevena
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christina L. Hansen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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25
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Shen M, Goforth JB, Eisenstein RS. Iron-dependent post transcriptional control of mitochondrial aconitase expression. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfac099. [PMID: 36702557 PMCID: PMC9902864 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) control the translation of animal cell mRNAs encoding proteins with diverse roles. This includes the iron storage protein ferritin and the tricarboxylic cycle (TCA) enzyme mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) through iron-dependent binding of IRP to the iron responsive element (IRE) in the 5' untranslated region (UTR). To further elucidate the mechanisms allowing IRPs to control translation of 5' IRE-containing mRNA differentially, we focused on Aco2 mRNA, which is weakly controlled versus the ferritins. Rat liver contains two classes of Aco2 mRNAs, with and without an IRE, due to alterations in the transcription start site. Structural analysis showed that the Aco2 IRE adopts the canonical IRE structure but lacks the dynamic internal loop/bulge five base pairs 5' of the CAGUG(U/C) terminal loop in the ferritin IREs. Unlike ferritin mRNAs, the Aco2 IRE lacks an extensive base-paired flanking region. Using a full-length Aco2 mRNA expression construct, iron controlled ACO2 expression in an IRE-dependent and IRE-independent manner, the latter of which was eliminated with the ACO23C3S mutant that cannot bind the FeS cluster. Iron regulation of ACO23C3S encoded by the full-length mRNA was completely IRE-dependent. Replacement of the Aco23C3S 5' UTR with the Fth1 IRE with base-paired flanking sequences substantially improved iron responsiveness, as did fusing of the Fth1 base-paired flanking sequences to the native IRE in the Aco3C3S construct. Our studies further define the mechanisms underlying the IRP-dependent translational regulatory hierarchy and reveal that Aco2 mRNA species lacking the IRE contribute to the expression of this TCA cycle enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy Shen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - Jeremy B Goforth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Science Department, Lodi Middle School, 945 S. Ham Lane, Lodi, CA 95242, USA
| | - Richard S Eisenstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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26
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Brown WE, Holdorf HT, Johnson SJ, Kendall SJ, Green SE, White HM. In utero choline exposure alters growth, metabolism, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics of Holstein × Angus cattle from weaning to slaughter. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad186. [PMID: 37305985 PMCID: PMC10294555 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding rumen-protected choline (RPC) to late gestation dairy cows has potential to affect growth in offspring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in utero choline exposure on the growth, feed efficiency (FE), metabolism, and carcass quality of Angus × Holstein cattle. Multiparous Holstein cows pregnant with male (N = 17) or female (N = 30) Angus-sired calves were enrolled 21 d prepartum and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments varying in quantity and formulation of RPC. The treatments included a control with 0 g/d supplemental RPC (CTL), supplemental RPC fed at the recommended dose (RD) of 15 g/d from either an established RPC product (RPC1RD; ReaShure; Balchem Corp.) or choline ion from a concentrated RPC prototype (RPC2RD; Balchem Corp.), or a high dose (HD) of RPC2 fed at 22 g/d (RPC2HD). From 2 to 6 mo of age, calves were group housed and offered 2.3 kg grain/hd/d (42% CP) with ad libitum grass hay, and stepped up to a complete finishing diet by 7 mo (12.0% CP; 1.34 Mcal/kg NEg). Weight and height were measured monthly. Animal FE was measured in individual pens for 35 d at 8 mo. Feed intake was measured daily, and blood was obtained on day 18 during the FE period. Afterwards, cattle were group housed and offered a free-choice finishing diet until slaughter, where carcass yield and quality characteristics were measured. Mixed models were used in PROC MIXED (SAS, 9.4) with the fixed effects of treatment, sex, time, their interactions, and the random effect of calf. Month was the repeated measure, and preplanned contrasts were used. Blood and FE data were analyzed with the fixed effect of dam choline treatment, calf sex, and the interaction. Increasing dose of RPC tended to increase weight over the entire study period. Feeding any RPC increased hip and wither height compared with CTL, and increasing RPC dose linearly increased hip and wither height. Treatment and sex interacted on DMI whereby increasing RPC intake linearly increased DMI for males but not females. Compared with control, feeding any RPC decreased plasma insulin, glucose, and an insulin sensitivity index (RQUICKI). In utero choline exposure increased kidney-pelvic-heart fat and marbling score. Mechanisms of action for intrauterine choline exposure on offspring growth, metabolism, and carcass characteristics should be explored as they have direct implications for profitability for cattle growers and feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Brown
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Henry T Holdorf
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sara J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sophia J Kendall
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sophia E Green
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Heather M White
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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27
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Kim H, Kim JS. Extending the actor-partner interdependence model to accommodate multivariate dyadic data using latent variables. Psychol Methods 2022:2023-07343-001. [PMID: 36222624 DOI: 10.1037/met0000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study extends the traditional Actor-Partner Interdependence model (APIM; Kenny, 1996) to incorporate dyadic data with multiple indicators reflecting latent constructs. Although the APIM has been widely used to model interdependence in dyads, the method and its applications have largely been limited to single sets of manifest variables. This article presents three extensions of the APIM that can be applied to multivariate dyadic data; a manifest APIM linking multiple indicators as manifest variables, a composite-score APIM relating univariate sums of multiple variables, and a latent APIM connecting underlying constructs of multiple indicators. The properties of the three methods in analyzing data with various dyadic patterns are investigated through a simulation study. It is found that the latent APIM adequately estimates dyadic relationships and holds reasonable power when measurement reliability is not too low, whereas the manifest APIM yields poor power and high type I error rates in general. The composite-score APIM, even though it is found to be a better alternative to the manifest APIM, fails to correctly reflect latent dyadic interdependence, raising inferential concerns. We illustrate the APIM extensions for multivariate dyadic data analysis by an example study on relationship commitment and happiness among married couples in Wisconsin. In cases where the measures are reliable reflections of psychological constructs, we suggest using the latent APIM for examining research hypotheses that discuss implications beyond observed variables. We conclude with stressing the importance of carefully examining measurement models when designing and conducting dyadic data analyses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kim
- Department of Educational Psychology
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Iyer NR, Shin J, Cuskey S, Tian Y, Nicol NR, Doersch TE, Seipel F, McCalla SG, Roy S, Ashton RS. Modular derivation of diverse, regionally discrete human posterior CNS neurons enables discovery of transcriptomic patterns. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn7430. [PMID: 36179024 PMCID: PMC9524835 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Our inability to derive the neuronal diversity that comprises the posterior central nervous system (pCNS) using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) poses an impediment to understanding human neurodevelopment and disease in the hindbrain and spinal cord. Here, we establish a modular, monolayer differentiation paradigm that recapitulates both rostrocaudal (R/C) and dorsoventral (D/V) patterning, enabling derivation of diverse pCNS neurons with discrete regional specificity. First, neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) with discrete HOX profiles are converted to pCNS progenitors (pCNSPs). Then, by tuning D/V signaling, pCNSPs are directed to locomotor or somatosensory neurons. Expansive single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis coupled with a novel computational pipeline allowed us to detect hundreds of transcriptional markers within region-specific phenotypes, enabling discovery of gene expression patterns across R/C and D/V developmental axes. These findings highlight the potential of these resources to advance a mechanistic understanding of pCNS development, enhance in vitro models, and inform therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R. Iyer
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Junha Shin
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie Cuskey
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yucheng Tian
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Noah R. Nicol
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tessa E. Doersch
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Frank Seipel
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sunnie Grace McCalla
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Randolph S. Ashton
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Serre JM, Lucas B, Martin SCT, Heier JA, Shao X, Hardin J. C. elegans srGAP is an α-catenin M domain-binding protein that strengthens cadherin-dependent adhesion during morphogenesis. Development 2022; 149:dev200775. [PMID: 36125129 PMCID: PMC10655919 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cadherin-catenin complex (CCC) is central to embryonic development and tissue repair, yet how CCC binding partners function alongside core CCC components remains poorly understood. Here, we establish a previously unappreciated role for an evolutionarily conserved protein, the slit-robo GTPase-activating protein SRGP-1/srGAP, in cadherin-dependent morphogenetic processes in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. SRGP-1 binds to the M domain of the core CCC component, HMP-1/α-catenin, via its C terminus. The SRGP-1 C terminus is sufficient to target it to adherens junctions, but only during later embryonic morphogenesis, when junctional tension is known to increase. Surprisingly, mutations that disrupt stabilizing salt bridges in the M domain block this recruitment. Loss of SRGP-1 leads to an increase in mobility and decrease of junctional HMP-1. In sensitized genetic backgrounds with weakened adherens junctions, loss of SRGP-1 leads to late embryonic failure. Rescue of these phenotypes requires the C terminus of SRGP-1 but also other domains of the protein. Taken together, these data establish a role for an srGAP in stabilizing and organizing the CCC during epithelial morphogenesis by binding to a partially closed conformation of α-catenin at junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Serre
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bethany Lucas
- Department of Biology, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd., Denver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Sterling C. T. Martin
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jonathon A. Heier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiangqiang Shao
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeff Hardin
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Candino M, Donadio E, Pauli JN. Phenological drivers of ungulate migration in South America: characterizing the movement and seasonal habitat use of guanacos. Mov Ecol 2022; 10:34. [PMID: 35964073 PMCID: PMC9375948 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is a widespread strategy among ungulates to cope with seasonality. Phenology, especially in seasonally snow-covered landscapes featuring "white waves" of snow accumulation and "green waves" of plant green-up, is a phenomenon that many migratory ungulates navigate. Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are native camelids to South America and might be the last ungulate in South America that migrates. However, a detailed description of guanacos´ migratory attributes, including whether they surf or jump phenological waves is lacking. METHODS We quantified the migratory movements of 21 adult guanacos over three years in Patagonia, Argentina. We analyzed annual movement patterns using net squared displacement (NSD) and home range overlap and quantified snow and vegetation phenology via remotely sensed products. RESULTS We found that 74% of the individual guanacos exhibited altitudinal migrations. For migratory guanacos, we observed fidelity of migratory ranges and residence time, but flexibility around migration propensity, timing, and duration of migration. The scarce vegetation and arid conditions within our study area seemed to prevent guanacos from surfing green waves; instead, guanacos appeared to avoid white waves. CONCLUSION Our study shows that guanaco elevational migration is driven by a combination of vegetation availability and snow cover, reveals behavioral plasticity of their migration, and highlights the importance of snow phenology as a driver of ungulate migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Candino
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Santistevan NJ, Nelson JC, Ortiz EA, Miller AH, Kenj Halabi D, Sippl ZA, Granato M, Grinblat Y. cacna2d3, a voltage-gated calcium channel subunit, functions in vertebrate habituation learning and the startle sensitivity threshold. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270903. [PMID: 35834485 PMCID: PMC9282658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to filter sensory information into relevant versus irrelevant stimuli is a fundamental, conserved property of the central nervous system and is accomplished in part through habituation learning. Synaptic plasticity that underlies habituation learning has been described at the cellular level, yet the genetic regulators of this plasticity remain poorly understood, as do circuits that mediate sensory filtering. METHODS To identify genes critical for plasticity, a forward genetic screen for zebrafish genes that mediate habituation learning was performed, which identified a mutant allele, doryp177, that caused reduced habituation of the acoustic startle response. In this study, we combine whole-genome sequencing with behavioral analyses to characterize and identify the gene affected in doryp177 mutants. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing identified the calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha-2/delta-3 (cacna2d3) as a candidate gene affected in doryp177 mutants. Behavioral characterization of larvae homozygous for two additional, independently derived mutant alleles of cacna2d3, together with failure of these alleles to complement doryp177, confirmed a critical role for cacna2d3 in habituation learning. Notably, detailed analyses of the acoustic response in mutant larvae also revealed increased startle sensitivity to acoustic stimuli, suggesting a broader role for cacna2d3 in controlling innate response thresholds to acoustic stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical role for cacna2d3 in sensory filtering, a process that is disrupted in human CNS disorders, e.g. ADHD, schizophrenia, and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Santistevan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Elelbin A. Ortiz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dima Kenj Halabi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zoë A. Sippl
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MG); (YG)
| | - Yevgenya Grinblat
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MG); (YG)
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Pearson AG, Miller KB, Corkery AT, Eisenmann NA, Howery AJ, Cody KA, Chin NA, Johnson SC, Barnes JN. Sympathoexcitatory Responses to Isometric Handgrip Exercise Are Associated With White Matter Hyperintensities in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:888470. [PMID: 35898329 PMCID: PMC9309556 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.888470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction may occur prior to declines in cognitive function and accumulation of neuropathology. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) develop due to cerebral ischemia and elevated blood pressure in midlife. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to sympathoexcitatory stimuli and WMH burden in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged and older adults. Sixty-eight adults (age = 63 ± 4y, men = 20, women = 48) participated in this study. Participants completed isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) exercise at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction until fatigue followed by a 90s period of post-exercise ischemia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), and end-tidal CO2 were continuously measured throughout the protocol. Cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi) was calculated as MAP/MCAv. WMH lesion volume and intracranial volume (ICV) were measured using a FLAIR and T1 scan on a 3T MRI scanner, respectively. WMH fraction was calculated as (WMH lesion volume/ICV)*100 and cubic root transformed. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the association between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to IHG exercise and post-exercise ischemia and WMH fraction. Multiple linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, apolipoprotein ε4 status, and total work performed during IHG exercise. During IHG exercise, there were significant increases from baseline in HR (25 ± 12%), MAP (27 ± 11%), MCAv (5 ± 10%), and CVRi (22 ± 17%; P < 0.001 for all). During post-exercise ischemia, HR (8 ± 7%), MAP (22 ± 9%), and CVRi (23 ± 16%) remained elevated (P < 0.001) while MCAv (0 ± 10%) was not different compared to baseline. There was an inverse association between the percent change in HR (r = −0.42, P = 0.002), MAP (r = −0.41, P = 0.002), and CVRi (r = −0.31, P = 0.045), but not MCAv (r = 0.19, P = 0.971) in response to IHG exercise and WMH fraction. There were no associations between responses to post-exercise ischemia and WMH fraction. Lower sympathoexcitatory responses to IHG exercise are associated with greater WMH burden in middle-aged to older adults. These findings suggest that individuals who demonstrate smaller increases in HR, MAP, and CVRi in response to sympathoexcitatory stress have greater WMH burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Pearson
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kathleen B. Miller
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Adam T. Corkery
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole A. Eisenmann
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna J. Howery
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Karly A. Cody
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Hospital Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jill N. Barnes
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jill N. Barnes,
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Yoon B, Yeung P, Santistevan N, Bluhm LE, Kawasaki K, Kueper J, Dubielzig R, VanOudenhove J, Cotney J, Liao EC, Grinblat Y. Zebrafish models of alx-linked frontonasal dysplasia reveal a role for Alx1 and Alx3 in the anterior segment and vasculature of the developing eye. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059189. [PMID: 35142342 PMCID: PMC9167625 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and genetic mechanisms that coordinate formation of facial sensory structures with surrounding skeletal and soft tissue elements remain poorly understood. Alx1, a homeobox transcription factor, is a key regulator of midfacial morphogenesis. ALX1 mutations in humans are linked to severe congenital anomalies of the facial skeleton (frontonasal dysplasia, FND) with malformation or absence of eyes and orbital contents (micro- and anophthalmia). Zebrafish with loss-of-function alx1 mutations develop with craniofacial and ocular defects of variable penetrance, likely due to compensatory upregulation in expression of a paralogous gene, alx3. Here we show that zebrafish alx1;alx3 mutants develop with highly penetrant cranial and ocular defects that resemble human ALX1-linked FND. alx1 and alx3 are expressed in anterior cranial neural crest (aCNC), which gives rise to the anterior neurocranium (ANC), anterior segment structures of the eye and vascular pericytes. Consistent with a functional requirement for alx genes in aCNC, alx1; alx3 mutants develop with nearly absent ANC and grossly aberrant hyaloid vasculature and ocular anterior segment, but normal retina. In vivo lineage labeling identified a requirement for alx1 and alx3 during aCNC migration, and transcriptomic analysis suggested oxidative stress response as a key target mechanism of this function. Oxidative stress is a hallmark of fetal alcohol toxicity, and we found increased penetrance of facial and ocular malformations in alx1 mutants exposed to ethanol, consistent with a protective role for alx1 against ethanol toxicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate a conserved role for zebrafish alx genes in controlling ocular and facial development, and a novel role in protecting these key midfacial structures from ethanol toxicity during embryogenesis. These data also reveal novel roles for alx genes in ocular anterior segment formation and vascular development and suggest that retinal deficits in alx mutants may be secondary to aberrant ocular vascularization and anterior segment defects. This study establishes robust zebrafish models for interrogating conserved genetic mechanisms that coordinate facial and ocular development, and for exploring gene--environment interactions relevant to fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baul Yoon
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pan Yeung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Nicholas Santistevan
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lauren E. Bluhm
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Janina Kueper
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Dubielzig
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer VanOudenhove
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Justin Cotney
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Eric C. Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Yevgenya Grinblat
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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DeSanti RL, Cowan EA, Kory PD, Lasarev MR, Schmidt J, Al-Subu AM. The Inter-Rater Reliability of Pediatric Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound Interpretation in Children With Acute Respiratory Failure. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41:1159-1167. [PMID: 34378821 PMCID: PMC8831657 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use of point-of-care lung ultrasound (POC-LUS) has increased significantly in pediatrics yet it remains under-studied in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). No studies explicitly evaluate the reliability of POC-LUS artifact interpretation among critically ill children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the PICU. We thus designed this study to determine the inter-rater reliability of POC-LUS interpretation in pediatric ARF among pediatric intensivists trained in POC-LUS and an expert intensivist. METHODS We compared the interpretation of lung sliding, pleural line characteristics, ultrasound artifacts, and POC-LUS diagnoses among pediatric intensivists and an expert intensivist in a cohort of children admitted to the PICU for ARF. Kappa statistics (k) adjusted for maximum attainable agreement (k/kmax ) were used to quantify chance-correct agreement between the pediatric intensivist and expert physician. RESULTS We enrolled 88 patients, evaluating 3 zones per hemithorax (anterior, lateral, and posterior) for lung sliding, pleural line characteristics, ultrasound artifacts, and diagnosis. There was moderate agreement between the PICU intensivist and expert-derived diagnoses with 56% observed agreement (k/kmax = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.65). Agreement in identification of lung sliding (k = 0.19, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.56) and pleural line characteristics (k = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.40) was slight and fair, respectively, while agreement in the interpretation of ultrasound artifacts ranged from moderate to substantial. CONCLUSIONS Evidence supporting the evaluation of neonatal and adult patients with POC-LUS should not be extrapolated to critically ill pediatric patients. This study adds to the evidence supporting use of POC-LUS in the PICU by demonstrating moderate agreement between PICU intensivist and expert-derived POC-LUS diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L DeSanti
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel College of Medicine, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eileen A Cowan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pierre D Kory
- Department of Medicine, Advocate Aurora Health Care, St Luke’s Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael R Lasarev
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jessica Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Awni M Al-Subu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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35
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Murphy ME, Narasimhan A, Adrian A, Kumar A, Green CL, Soto-Palma C, Henpita C, Camell C, Morrow CS, Yeh CY, Richardson CE, Hill CM, Moore DL, Lamming DW, McGregor ER, Simmons HA, Pak HH, Bai H, Denu JM, Clark J, Simcox J, Chittimalli K, Dahlquist K, Lee KA, Calubag M, Bouska M, Yousefzadeh MJ, Sonsalla M, Babygirija R, Yuan R, Tsuji T, Rhoads T, Menon V, Jarajapu YP, Zhu Y. Metabolism in the Midwest: research from the Midwest Aging Consortium at the 49 th Annual Meeting of the American Aging Association. GeroScience 2022; 44:39-52. [PMID: 34714522 PMCID: PMC8554732 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Akilavalli Narasimhan
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexis Adrian
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- U54 George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urology Research, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Carolina Soto-Palma
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chathurika Henpita
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christina Camell
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher S Morrow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Claire E Richardson
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cristal M Hill
- Neurosignaling Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70809, USA
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Eric R McGregor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53175, USA
| | - Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Josef Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kishore Chittimalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Korbyn Dahlquist
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyoo-A Lee
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mariah Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mark Bouska
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Reji Babygirija
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Rong Yuan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA
| | - Tadataka Tsuji
- Section On Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Timothy Rhoads
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Vinal Menon
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yagna Pr Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA.
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36
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Landowski M, Bhute VJ, Takimoto T, Grindel S, Shahi PK, Pattnaik BR, Ikeda S, Ikeda A. A mutation in transmembrane protein 135 impairs lipid metabolism in mouse eyecups. Sci Rep 2022; 12:756. [PMID: 35031662 PMCID: PMC8760256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a significant factor in the development of age-related diseases but how aging disrupts cellular homeostasis to cause age-related retinal disease is unknown. Here, we further our studies on transmembrane protein 135 (Tmem135), a gene involved in retinal aging, by examining the transcriptomic profiles of wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous Tmem135 mutant posterior eyecup samples through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). We found significant gene expression changes in both heterozygous and homozygous Tmem135 mutant mouse eyecups that correlate with visual function deficits. Further analysis revealed that expression of many genes involved in lipid metabolism are changed due to the Tmem135 mutation. Consistent with these changes, we found increased lipid accumulation in mutant Tmem135 eyecup samples. Since mutant Tmem135 mice have similar ocular pathologies as human age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes, we compared our homozygous Tmem135 mutant eyecup RNA-Seq dataset with transcriptomic datasets of human AMD donor eyes. We found similar changes in genes involved in lipid metabolism between the homozygous Tmem135 mutant eyecups and AMD donor eyes. Our study suggests that the Tmem135 mutation affects lipid metabolism as similarly observed in human AMD eyes, thus Tmem135 mutant mice can serve as a good model for the role of dysregulated lipid metabolism in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tetsuya Takimoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel Grindel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pawan K Shahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sakae Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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37
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Fang Y, Zhang F, Farfan GA, Xu H. Low-Temperature Synthesis of Disordered Dolomite and High-Magnesium Calcite in Ethanol-Water Solutions: The Solvation Effect and Implications. ACS Omega 2022; 7:281-292. [PMID: 35036699 PMCID: PMC8757334 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] forms is still underdetermined, despite over a century of efforts. Challenges to synthesizing dolomite at low temperatures have hindered our understanding of sedimentary dolomite formation. Unlike calcium, magnesium's high affinity toward water results in kinetic barriers from hydration shells that prevent anhydrous Ca-Mg carbonate growth. Previous synthesis studies show that adding low-dielectric-constant materials, such as dioxane, dissolved sulfide, and dissolved silica, can catalyze the formation of disordered dolomite. Also, polar hydrophilic amino acids and polysaccharides, which are very common in biomineralizing organisms, could have a positive role in stimulating Mg-rich carbonate precipitation. Here, we show that disordered dolomite and high-magnesium calcite can be precipitated at room temperature by partially replacing water with ethanol (which has a lower dielectric constant) and bypassing the hydration barrier. Increasing the ethanol volume percentage of ethanol results in higher Mg incorporation into the calcite structure. When the ethanol volume percentage increases to 75 vol %, disordered dolomite (>60 mol % MgCO3) can rapidly precipitate from a solution with [Mg2+] and [Ca2+] mimicking seawater. Thus, our results suggest that the hydration barrier is the critical kinetic inhibitor to primary dolomite precipitation. Ethanol synthesis experiments may provide insights into other materials that share similar properties to promote high-Mg calcite precipitation in sedimentary and biomineral environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Fang
- NASA
Astrobiology Institute, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1215 W Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20560, United States
| | - Fangfu Zhang
- NASA
Astrobiology Institute, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1215 W Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gabriela A. Farfan
- Department
of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20560, United States
| | - Huifang Xu
- NASA
Astrobiology Institute, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1215 W Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Wang R, Sheng H, Wang F, Li W, Roberts DS, Jin S. Sustainable Coproduction of Two Disinfectants via Hydroxide-Balanced Modular Electrochemical Synthesis Using a Redox Reservoir. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:2083-2091. [PMID: 34963900 PMCID: PMC8704031 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Challenges posed by the sacrificial auxiliary reactions and expensive ion-exchange membranes in conventional electrosynthesis necessitate developing new electrochemical processes to enable efficient and sustainable distributed electrochemical manufacturing. Modular electrochemical synthesis (ModES) using a redox reservoir (RR) offers a promising membrane-free approach to improve energy efficiency and reduce waste through the pairing of multiple independent oxidative and reductive half-reactions; however, undesired ion-imbalance and induced pH changes in the existing ModES process limit sustained production. Here we present Ni(OH)2 as a heterogeneous RR that can selectively store and transport the hydroxide ions involved in the target half-reactions by reversible conversion with NiOOH to enable an ion-balanced ModES of two common disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). This hydroxide-balanced ModES realizes stable operation without appreciable pH swing to accumulate practically useful concentrations of H2O2 and NaClO up to 251 and 481 ppm, respectively. These results illustrate additional design principles for electrosynthesis without sacrificial auxiliary reactions and the need for ion-selective RRs for modular electrochemical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hongyuan Sheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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39
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Rose JP, Kriebel R, Kahan L, DiNicola A, González-Gallegos JG, Celep F, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sytsma KJ, Drew BT. Sage Insights Into the Phylogeny of Salvia: Dealing With Sources of Discordance Within and Across Genomes. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:767478. [PMID: 34899789 PMCID: PMC8652245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated new phylogenomic approaches to help clarify previously intractable relationships while simultaneously highlighting the pervasive nature of incongruence within and among genomes that can complicate definitive taxonomic conclusions. Salvia L., with ∼1,000 species, makes up nearly 15% of the species diversity in the mint family and has attracted great interest from biologists across subdisciplines. Despite the great progress that has been achieved in discerning the placement of Salvia within Lamiaceae and in clarifying its infrageneric relationships through plastid, nuclear ribosomal, and nuclear single-copy genes, the incomplete resolution has left open major questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships among and within the subgenera, as well as to what extent the infrageneric relationships differ across genomes. We expanded a previously published anchored hybrid enrichment dataset of 35 exemplars of Salvia to 179 terminals. We also reconstructed nearly complete plastomes for these samples from off-target reads. We used these data to examine the concordance and discordance among the nuclear loci and between the nuclear and plastid genomes in detail, elucidating both broad-scale and species-level relationships within Salvia. We found that despite the widespread gene tree discordance, nuclear phylogenies reconstructed using concatenated, coalescent, and network-based approaches recover a common backbone topology. Moreover, all subgenera, except for Audibertia, are strongly supported as monophyletic in all analyses. The plastome genealogy is largely resolved and is congruent with the nuclear backbone. However, multiple analyses suggest that incomplete lineage sorting does not fully explain the gene tree discordance. Instead, horizontal gene flow has been important in both the deep and more recent history of Salvia. Our results provide a robust species tree of Salvia across phylogenetic scales and genomes. Future comparative analyses in the genus will need to account for the impacts of hybridization/introgression and incomplete lineage sorting in topology and divergence time estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Larissa Kahan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexa DiNicola
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan, Turkey
| | - Emily M. Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bryan T. Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
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40
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Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is an opportunistic diarrheal pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A disrupted (dysbiotic) gut microbiome, commonly engendered by antibiotic treatment, is the primary risk factor for C. difficile infection, highlighting that C. difficile–microbiome interactions are critical for determining the fitness of this pathogen. Here, we review short chain fatty acids (SCFAs): a major class of metabolites present in the gut, their production by the gut microbiome, and their impacts on the biology of the host and of C. difficile. We use these observations to illustrate a conceptual model whereby C. difficile senses and responds to SCFAs as a marker of a healthy gut and tunes its virulence accordingly in order to maintain dysbiosis. Future work to learn the molecular mechanisms and genetic circuitry underlying the relationships between C. difficile and SCFAs will help to identify precision approaches, distinct from antibiotics and fecal transplant, for mitigating disease caused by C. difficile and will inform similar investigations into other gastrointestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Gregory
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Pensinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Hryckowian
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Abstract
Can outside interventions foster socio-culturally diverse friendships? We executed a large field experiment that randomized the seating charts of 182 3rd through 8th grade classrooms (N = 2,966 students) for the duration of one semester. We found that being seated next to each other increased the probability of a mutual friendship from 15% to 22% on average. Furthermore, induced proximity increased the latent propensity toward friendship equally for all students, regardless of students’ dyadic similarity with respect to educational achievement, gender, and ethnicity. However, the probability of a manifest friendship increased more among similar than among dissimilar students—a pattern mainly driven by gender. Our findings demonstrate that a scalable light-touch intervention can affect face-to-face networks and foster diverse friendships in groups that already know each other, but they also highlight that transgressing boundaries, especially those defined by gender, remains an uphill battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Rohrer
- Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School on the Life Course (LIFE), Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tamás Keller
- Computational Social Science - Research Center for Educational and Network Studies, Center for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Economics, Center for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest, Hungary
- TÁRKI Social Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Felix Elwert
- Department of Sociology & Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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42
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Nagy J, Ebbinghaus B, Hoon M, Sinha R. GABA A presynaptic inhibition regulates the gain and kinetics of retinal output neurons. eLife 2021; 10:60994. [PMID: 33904401 PMCID: PMC8110304 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Output signals of neural circuits, including the retina, are shaped by a combination of excitatory and inhibitory signals. Inhibitory signals can act presynaptically on axon terminals to control neurotransmitter release and regulate circuit function. However, it has been difficult to study the role of presynaptic inhibition in most neural circuits due to lack of cell type-specific and receptor type-specific perturbations. In this study, we used a transgenic approach to selectively eliminate GABAA inhibitory receptors from select types of second-order neurons - bipolar cells - in mouse retina and examined how this affects the light response properties of the well-characterized ON alpha ganglion cell retinal circuit. Selective loss of GABAA receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition causes an enhanced sensitivity and slower kinetics of light-evoked responses from ON alpha ganglion cells thus highlighting the role of presynaptic inhibition in gain control and temporal filtering of sensory signals in a key neural circuit in the mammalian retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Nagy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Briana Ebbinghaus
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Mrinalini Hoon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Raunak Sinha
- Department of Neuroscience, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
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43
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Keller C, Wei P, Wancewicz B, Cross TWL, Rey FE, Li L. Extraction optimization for combined metabolomics, peptidomics, and proteomics analysis of gut microbiota samples. J Mass Spectrom 2021; 56:e4625. [PMID: 32885503 PMCID: PMC7855350 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiomic studies are increasingly performed to gain a deeper understanding of molecular processes occurring in a biological system, such as the complex microbial communities (i.e., microbiota) that reside the distal gut. While a combination of metabolomics and proteomics is more commonly used, multiomics studies including peptidomcis characterization are less frequently undertaken. Here, we investigated three different extraction methods, chosen for their previous use in extracting metabolites, peptides, and proteins, and compared their ability to perform metabolomic, peptidomic, and proteomic analysis of mouse cecum content. The methanol/chloroform/water extraction performed the best for metabolomic and peptidomic analysis as it detected the largest number of small molecules and identified the largest number of peptides, but the acidified methanol extraction performed best for proteomics analysis as it had the highest number of protein identifications. The methanol/chloroform/water extraction was further analyzed by identifying metabolites with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis and by gene ontology analysis for the peptide and protein results to provide a multiomics analysis of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53705
| | - Pingli Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53705
| | - Benjamin Wancewicz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53705
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53705
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53705
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53705
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53705
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44
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Knoener R, Evans E, Becker JT, Scalf M, Benner B, Sherer NM, Smith LM. Identification of host proteins differentially associated with HIV-1 RNA splice variants. eLife 2021; 10:e62470. [PMID: 33629952 PMCID: PMC7906601 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 generates unspliced (US), partially spliced (PS), and completely spliced (CS) classes of RNAs, each playing distinct roles in viral replication. Elucidating their host protein 'interactomes' is crucial to understanding virus-host interplay. Here, we present HyPR-MSSV for isolation of US, PS, and CS transcripts from a single population of infected CD4+ T-cells and mass spectrometric identification of their in vivo protein interactomes. Analysis revealed 212 proteins differentially associated with the unique RNA classes, including preferential association of regulators of RNA stability with US and PS transcripts and, unexpectedly, mitochondria-linked proteins with US transcripts. Remarkably, >80 of these factors screened by siRNA knockdown impacted HIV-1 gene expression. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed several to co-localize with HIV-1 US RNA and exhibit changes in abundance and/or localization over the course of infection. This study validates HyPR-MSSV for discovery of viral splice variant protein interactomes and provides an unprecedented resource of factors and pathways likely important to HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Knoener
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Edward Evans
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Jordan T Becker
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Bayleigh Benner
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Nathan M Sherer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Lloyd M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
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45
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Binversie EE, Baker LA, Engelman CD, Hao Z, Moran JJ, Piazza AM, Sample SJ, Muir P. Analysis of copy number variation in dogs implicates genomic structural variation in the development of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244075. [PMID: 33382735 PMCID: PMC7774950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is an important condition of the human knee. Second ruptures are common and societal costs are substantial. Canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture closely models the human disease. CCL rupture is common in the Labrador Retriever (5.79% prevalence), ~100-fold more prevalent than in humans. Labrador Retriever CCL rupture is a polygenic complex disease, based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Dissection of genetic variation in complex traits can be enhanced by studying structural variation, including copy number variants (CNVs). Dogs are an ideal model for CNV research because of reduced genetic variability within breeds and extensive phenotypic diversity across breeds. We studied the genetic etiology of CCL rupture by association analysis of CNV regions (CNVRs) using 110 case and 164 control Labrador Retrievers. CNVs were called from SNPs using three different programs (PennCNV, CNVPartition, and QuantiSNP). After quality control, CNV calls were combined to create CNVRs using ParseCNV and an association analysis was performed. We found no strong effect CNVRs but found 46 small effect (max(T) permutation P<0.05) CCL rupture associated CNVRs in 22 autosomes; 25 were deletions and 21 were duplications. Of the 46 CCL rupture associated CNVRs, we identified 39 unique regions. Thirty four were identified by a single calling algorithm, 3 were identified by two calling algorithms, and 2 were identified by all three algorithms. For 42 of the associated CNVRs, frequency in the population was <10% while 4 occurred at a frequency in the population ranging from 10–25%. Average CNVR length was 198,872bp and CNVRs covered 0.11 to 0.15% of the genome. All CNVRs were associated with case status. CNVRs did not overlap previous canine CCL rupture risk loci identified by GWAS. Associated CNVRs contained 152 annotated genes; 12 CNVRs did not have genes mapped to CanFam3.1. Using pathway analysis, a cluster of 19 homeobox domain transcript regulator genes was associated with CCL rupture (P = 6.6E-13). This gene cluster influences cranial-caudal body pattern formation during embryonic limb development. Clustered genes were found in 3 CNVRs on chromosome 14 (HoxA), 28 (NKX6-2), and 36 (HoxD). When analysis was limited to deletion CNVRs, the association was strengthened (P = 8.7E-16). This study suggests a component of the polygenic risk of CCL rupture in Labrador Retrievers is associated with small effect CNVs and may include aspects of stifle morphology regulated by homeobox domain transcript regulator genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Binversie
- Comparative Orthopaedic and Genetics Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Baker
- Comparative Orthopaedic and Genetics Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zhengling Hao
- Comparative Orthopaedic and Genetics Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John J. Moran
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Piazza
- Comparative Orthopaedic and Genetics Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susannah J. Sample
- Comparative Orthopaedic and Genetics Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Peter Muir
- Comparative Orthopaedic and Genetics Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chang H, Huber GW, Dumesic JA. Chemical-Switching Strategy for Synthesis and Controlled Release of Norcantharimides from a Biomass-Derived Chemical. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5213-5219. [PMID: 32964595 PMCID: PMC8014990 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic strategies were developed to synthesize and release chemicals for applications in fine chemicals, such as drugs and polymers, from a biomass-derived chemical, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). The combination of the diene and aldehyde functionalities in HMF enabled catalytic production of acetalized HMF derivatives with diol or epoxy reactants to allow reversible synthesis of norcantharimide derivatives upon Diels-Alder reaction with maleimides. Reverse-conversion of the acetal group to an aldehyde yielded mismatches of the molecular orbitals in norcantharimides to trigger retro Diels-Alder reaction at ambient temperatures and released reactants from the coupled molecules under acidic conditions. These strategies provide for the facile synthesis and controlled release of high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hochan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - George W Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - James A Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
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47
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Nelson CW, Ardern Z, Goldberg TL, Meng C, Kuo CH, Ludwig C, Kolokotronis SO, Wei X. Dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. eLife 2020; 9:e59633. [PMID: 33001029 PMCID: PMC7655111 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the emergence of novel viruses requires an accurate and comprehensive annotation of their genomes. Overlapping genes (OLGs) are common in viruses and have been associated with pandemics but are still widely overlooked. We identify and characterize ORF3d, a novel OLG in SARS-CoV-2 that is also present in Guangxi pangolin-CoVs but not other closely related pangolin-CoVs or bat-CoVs. We then document evidence of ORF3d translation, characterize its protein sequence, and conduct an evolutionary analysis at three levels: between taxa (21 members of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus), between human hosts (3978 SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences), and within human hosts (401 deeply sequenced SARS-CoV-2 samples). ORF3d has been independently identified and shown to elicit a strong antibody response in COVID-19 patients. However, it has been misclassified as the unrelated gene ORF3b, leading to confusion. Our results liken ORF3d to other accessory genes in emerging viruses and highlight the importance of OLGs.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/genetics
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- Betacoronavirus/physiology
- COVID-19
- China/epidemiology
- Chiroptera/virology
- Coronavirus/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Europe/epidemiology
- Eutheria/virology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genes, Overlapping
- Genes, Viral
- Genetic Variation
- Haplotypes/genetics
- Host Specificity/genetics
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Pandemics
- Phylogeny
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Conformation
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase W Nelson
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zachary Ardern
- Chair for Microbial Ecology, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Chen-Hao Kuo
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynUnited States
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynUnited States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynUnited States
| | - Xinzhu Wei
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Departments of Computer Science, Human Genetics, and Computational Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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48
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Zammit M, Tao Y, Olsen ME, Metzger J, Vermilyea SC, Bjornson K, Slesarev M, Block WF, Fuchs K, Phillips S, Bondarenko V, Zhang SC, Emborg ME, Christian BT. [ 18F]FEPPA PET imaging for monitoring CD68-positive microglia/macrophage neuroinflammation in nonhuman primates. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:93. [PMID: 32761399 PMCID: PMC7410886 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine whether the translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) PET ligand [18F]FEPPA has the sensitivity for detecting changes in CD68-positive microglial/macrophage activation in hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques treated with allogeneic grafts of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons (iPSC-mDA). METHODS In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]FEPPA was used in conjunction with postmortem CD68 immunostaining to evaluate neuroinflammation in the brains of hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques (n = 6) that received allogeneic iPSC-mDA grafts in the putamen ipsilateral to MPTP administration. RESULTS Based on assessment of radiotracer uptake and confirmed by visual inspection of the imaging data, nonhuman primates with allogeneic grafts showed increased [18F]FEPPA binding at the graft sites relative to the contralateral putamen. From PET asymmetry analysis of the images, the mean asymmetry index of the monkeys was AI = - 0.085 ± 0.018. Evaluation and scoring of CD68 immunoreactivity by an investigator blind to the treatment identified significantly more neuroinflammation in the grafted areas of the putamen compared to the contralateral putamen (p = 0.0004). [18F]FEPPA PET AI showed a positive correlation with CD68 immunoreactivity AI ratings in the monkeys (Spearman's ρ = 0.94; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION These findings reveal that [18F]FEPPA PET is an effective marker for detecting increased CD68-positive microglial/macrophage activation and demonstrates sufficient sensitivity to detect changes in neuroinflammation in vivo following allogeneic cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zammit
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yunlong Tao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Miles E Olsen
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeanette Metzger
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott C Vermilyea
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn Bjornson
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maxim Slesarev
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Walter F Block
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kerri Fuchs
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Sean Phillips
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Viktorya Bondarenko
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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49
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Clark PA, Sriramaneni RN, Jin WJ, Jagodinsky JC, Bates AM, Jaquish AA, Anderson BR, Le T, Lubin JA, Chakravarty I, Arthur IS, Heinze CM, Guy EI, Kler J, Klar KA, Carlson PM, Kim KM, Kuo JS, Morris ZS. In situ vaccination at a peripheral tumor site augments response against melanoma brain metastases. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000809. [PMID: 32690669 PMCID: PMC7371368 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) alone is not efficacious for a large number of patients with melanoma brain metastases. We previously established an in situ vaccination (ISV) regimen combining radiation and immunocytokine to enhance response to ICIs. Here, we tested whether ISV inhibits the development of brain metastases in a murine melanoma model. METHODS B78 (GD2+) melanoma 'primary' tumors were engrafted on the right flank of C57BL/6 mice. After 3-4 weeks, primary tumors were treated with ISV (radiation (12 Gy, day 1), α-GD2 immunocytokine (hu14.18-IL2, days 6-10)) and ICI (α-CTLA-4, days 3, 6, 9). Complete response (CR) was defined as no residual tumor observed at treatment day 90. Mice with CR were tested for immune memory by re-engraftment with B78 in the left flank and then the brain. To test ISV efficacy against metastases, tumors were also engrafted in the left flank and brain of previously untreated mice. Tumors were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine assay. RESULTS ISV+α-CTLA-4 resulted in immune memory and rejection of B78 engraftment in the brain in 11 of 12 mice. When B78 was engrafted in brain prior to treatment, ISV+α-CTLA-4 increased survival compared with ICI alone. ISV+α-CTLA-4 eradicated left flank tumors but did not elicit CR at brain sites when tumor cells were engrafted in brain prior to ISV. ISV+α-CTLA-4 increased CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in flank and brain tumors compared with untreated mice. Among ISV + α-CTLA-4 treated mice, left flank tumors showed increased CD8+ infiltration and CD8+:FOXP3+ ratio compared with brain tumors. Flank and brain tumors showed minimal differences in expression of immune checkpoint receptors/ligands or Mhc-1. Cytokine productions were similar in left flank and brain tumors in untreated mice. Following ISV+α-CTLA-4, production of immune-stimulatory cytokines was greater in left flank compared with brain tumor grafts. CONCLUSION ISV augmented response to ICIs in murine melanoma at brain and extracranial tumor sites. Although baseline tumor-immune microenvironments were similar at brain and extracranial tumor sites, response to ISV+α-CTLA-4 was divergent with reduced infiltration and activation of immune cells in brain tumors. Additional therapies may be needed for effective antitumor immune response against melanoma brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Clark
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Raghava N Sriramaneni
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Won Jong Jin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Justin C Jagodinsky
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amber M Bates
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail A Jaquish
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bryce R Anderson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Trang Le
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lubin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ishan Chakravarty
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ian S Arthur
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Clinton M Heinze
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily I Guy
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jasdeep Kler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelsey A Klar
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter M Carlson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyung Mann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery Dell Medical School and Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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50
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Dubiel K, Henry C, Spenkelink LM, Kozlov AG, Wood EA, Jergic S, Dixon NE, van Oijen AM, Cox MM, Lohman TM, Sandler SJ, Keck JL. Development of a single-stranded DNA-binding protein fluorescent fusion toolbox. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6053-6067. [PMID: 32374866 PMCID: PMC7293020 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) bind single-stranded DNA and help to recruit heterologous proteins to their sites of action. SSBs perform these essential functions through a modular structural architecture: the N-terminal domain comprises a DNA binding/tetramerization element whereas the C-terminus forms an intrinsically disordered linker (IDL) capped by a protein-interacting SSB-Ct motif. Here we examine the activities of SSB-IDL fusion proteins in which fluorescent domains are inserted within the IDL of Escherichia coli SSB. The SSB-IDL fusions maintain DNA and protein binding activities in vitro, although cooperative DNA binding is impaired. In contrast, an SSB variant with a fluorescent protein attached directly to the C-terminus that is similar to fusions used in previous studies displayed dysfunctional protein interaction activity. The SSB-IDL fusions are readily visualized in single-molecule DNA replication reactions. Escherichia coli strains in which wildtype SSB is replaced by SSB-IDL fusions are viable and display normal growth rates and fitness. The SSB-IDL fusions form detectible SSB foci in cells with frequencies mirroring previously examined fluorescent DNA replication fusion proteins. Cells expressing SSB-IDL fusions are sensitized to some DNA damaging agents. The results highlight the utility of SSB-IDL fusions for biochemical and cellular studies of genome maintenance reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dubiel
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Camille Henry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lisanne M Spenkelink
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Alexander G Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Slobodan Jergic
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Nicholas E Dixon
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Michael M Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy M Lohman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven J Sandler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - James L Keck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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