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Phetphoung T, Malla A, Rattanapisit K, Pisuttinusart N, Damrongyot N, Joyjamras K, Chanvorachote P, Phakham T, Wongtangprasert T, Strasser R, Chaotham C, Phoolcharoen W. Expression of plant-produced anti-PD-L1 antibody with anoikis sensitizing activity in human lung cancer cells via., suppression on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274737. [PMID: 36367857 PMCID: PMC9651560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint antibodies in cancer treatment are receptor-ligand pairs that modulate cancer immunity. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has emerged as one of the major targets in cancer immunotherapy. Atezolizumab, the first anti-PD-L1 antibody approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial, non-small cell lung, small cell lung and triple-negative breast cancers, is produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells with several limitations i.e., high-production costs, low-capacity yields, and contamination risks. Due to the rapid scalability and low production costs, the transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was investigated by co-infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 cultures harboring the nucleic acid sequences encoding for Atezolizumab heavy chain and light chain in this study. The transient expression of Atezolizumab in transformed N. benthamiana accumulated up to 86.76 μg/g fresh leaf weight after 6 days of agroinfiltration (OD 600 nm: 0.4) with 1:1 ratio of heavy chain to light chain. The structural and functional characteristics of plant-produced Atezolizumab was compared with commercially available Tecentriq® from CHO cells with similar binding efficacies to PD-L1 receptor. The direct anti-cancer effect of plant-produced anti-PD-L1 was further performed in human lung metastatic cancer cells H460 cultured under detachment condition, demonstrating the activity of anti-PD-L1-antibody on sensitizing anoikis as well as the suppression on anti-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) and modulation of epithelial to mesenchymal regulating proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Slug). In conclusion, this study manifests plants as an alternative cost-effective platform for the production of functional monoclonal antibodies for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thareeya Phetphoung
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Nuttapat Pisuttinusart
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naruechai Damrongyot
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keerati Joyjamras
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapati Phakham
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tossapon Wongtangprasert
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (CC); (WP)
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (CC); (WP)
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Kulshreshtha A, Sharma S, Padilla CS, Mandadi KK. Plant-based expression platforms to produce high-value metabolites and proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043478. [PMID: 36426139 PMCID: PMC9679013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based heterologous expression systems can be leveraged to produce high-value therapeutics, industrially important proteins, metabolites, and bioproducts. The production can be scaled up, free from pathogen contamination, and offer post-translational modifications to synthesize complex proteins. With advancements in molecular techniques, transgenics, CRISPR/Cas9 system, plant cell, tissue, and organ culture, significant progress has been made to increase the expression of recombinant proteins and important metabolites in plants. Methods are also available to stabilize RNA transcripts, optimize protein translation, engineer proteins for their stability, and target proteins to subcellular locations best suited for their accumulation. This mini-review focuses on recent advancements to enhance the production of high-value metabolites and proteins necessary for therapeutic applications using plants as bio-factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kulshreshtha
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. GCN College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - Carmen S. Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K. Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX, United States
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Sedaghati B, Haddad R, Bandehpour M. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as a novel green-bioreactor for expression of human serum albumin (HSA) gene. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:369-380. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Can Virus-like Particles Be Used as Synergistic Agent in Pest Management? Viruses 2022; 14:v14050943. [PMID: 35632685 PMCID: PMC9144638 DOI: 10.3390/v14050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among novel strategies proposed in pest management, synergistic agents are used to improve insecticide efficacy through an elevation of intracellular calcium concentration that activates the calcium-dependent intracellular pathway. This leads to a changed target site conformation and to increased sensitivity to insecticides while reducing their concentrations. Because virus-like particles (VLPs) increase the intracellular calcium concentration, they can be used as a synergistic agent to synergize the effect of insecticides. VLPs are self-assembled viral protein complexes, and by contrast to entomopathogen viruses, they are devoid of genetic material, which makes them non-infectious and safer than viruses. Although VLPs are well-known to be used in human health, we propose in this study the development of a promising strategy based on the use of VLPs as synergistic agents in pest management. This will lead to increased insecticides efficacy while reducing their concentrations.
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Genetic Manipulation and Bioreactor Culture of Plants as a Tool for Industry and Its Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030795. [PMID: 35164060 PMCID: PMC8840042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in interest in the use of transgenic plants as sources of valuable secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins. This has been facilitated by the advent of genetic engineering technology with the possibility for direct modification of the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of biologically active compounds. A wide range of research projects have yielded a number of efficient plant systems that produce specific secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins. Furthermore, the use of bioreactors allows production to be increased to industrial scales, which can quickly and cheaply deliver large amounts of material in a short time. The resulting plant production systems can function as small factories, and many of them that are targeted at a specific operation have been patented. This review paper summarizes the key research in the last ten years regarding the use of transgenic plants as small, green biofactories for the bioreactor-based production of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins; it simultaneously examines the production of metabolites and recombinant proteins on an industrial scale and presents the current state of available patents in the field.
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Schuster M, Paulus JK, Kourelis J, van der Hoorn RAL. Purification of His-Tagged Proteases from the Apoplast of Agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2447:53-66. [PMID: 35583772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2079-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein expression in plants by agroinfiltration and subsequent purification is increasingly used for the biochemical characterization of plant proteins. In this chapter we describe the purification of secreted, His-tagged proteases from the apoplast of agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). We show quality checks for the purified protease and discuss potential problems and ways to circumvent them. As a proof of concept, we produce and purify tomato immune protease Pip1 and demonstrate that the protein is active after purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Schuster
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Judith K Paulus
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiorgos Kourelis
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tsai AYL, McGee R, Dean GH, Haughn GW, Sawa S. Seed Mucilage: Biological Functions and Potential Applications in Biotechnology. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1847-1857. [PMID: 34195842 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the diaspore (seed dispersal unit) may include a seed coat and/or pericarp to protect the embryo and assist in dispersion. In many species, the seed coat and/or pericarp secrete a gelatinous mixture of cell wall polysaccharides known as mucilage. In several species, mucilage synthesis, secretion and modification have been studied extensively as model systems for the investigation of plant cell wall structure and function. Despite this, efforts toward understanding the role of mucilage have received less attention. Mucilage has been hypothesized to impact seed dispersal through interaction with soil, protecting the seed in the gut following ingestion by animals or affecting the ability of seeds to sink or float in water. Mucilage has been found to influence seed germination and seedling establishment, most often during abiotic stress, probably by maintaining seed hydration when water is scarce. Finally, mucilage has been documented to mediate interactions with various organisms. Advances in transgenic technology should enable the genetic modification of mucilage structure and function in crop plants. Cells synthesizing mucilage may also be a suitable platform for creating custom polysaccharides or proteins with industrial applications. Thus, in the near future, it is likely that research on seed mucilage will expand well beyond the current focus. Here we summarize our understanding of the biological functions of mucilage and provide an outlook on the future of mucilage research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Yi-Lun Tsai
- International Research Center for Agricultural & Environmental Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Robert McGee
- L'Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie (INRS-CAFSB), 531 des Prairies Blvd, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- International Research Center for Agricultural & Environmental Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Nazeri A, Niazi A, Afsharifar A, Taghavi SM, Moghadam A, Aram F. Heterologous production of hyaluronic acid in Nicotiana tabacum hairy roots expressing a human hyaluronan synthase 2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17966. [PMID: 34504153 PMCID: PMC8429445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a unique polysaccharide with excellent Physico-chemical properties, is broadly used in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmetic fields. It is widely present in all vertebrates, certain bacterial strains, and even viruses while it is not found in plants, fungi, and insects. HA is naturally synthesized by a class of integral membrane proteins called Hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS). Thus far, industrial production of HA is carried out based on either extraction from animal sources or large-scale microbial fermentation. The major drawbacks to using these systems are contamination with pathogens and microbial toxins. Recently, the production of HA through recombinant systems has received considerable attention. Plants are eco-friendly ideal expression systems for biopharmaceuticals production. In this study, the optimized human hyaluronic acid synthase2 (hHAS2) sequence was transformed into Nicotiana tabacum using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The highest rhHAS2 concentration of 65.72 ng/kg (wet weight) in transgenic tobacco hairy roots was measured by the human HAS2 ELISA kit. The HA production in the transgenic hairy roots was verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and quantified by the HA ELISA kit. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of HA with the highest concentration of 0.56 g/kg (wet weight) showed a maximum activity of 46%. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analyses revealed the high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) with about > 0.8 MDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Nazeri
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Moghadam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Aram
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Shanmugaraj B, Bulaon CJI, Malla A, Phoolcharoen W. Biotechnological Insights on the Expression and Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:4032. [PMID: 34279372 PMCID: PMC8272150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens poses a serious critical threat to global public health and requires immediate action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short peptides ubiquitously found in all living forms, including plants, insects, mammals, microorganisms and play a significant role in host innate immune system. These peptides are considered as promising candidates to treat microbial infections due to its distinct advantages over conventional antibiotics. Given their potent broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, several AMPs are currently being evaluated in preclinical/clinical trials. However, large quantities of highly purified AMPs are vital for basic research and clinical settings which is still a major bottleneck hindering its application. This can be overcome by genetic engineering approaches to produce sufficient amount of diverse peptides in heterologous host systems. Recently plants are considered as potential alternatives to conventional protein production systems such as microbial and mammalian platforms due to their unique advantages such as rapidity, scalability and safety. In addition, AMPs can also be utilized for development of novel approaches for plant protection thereby increasing the crop yield. Hence, in order to provide a spotlight for the expression of AMP in plants for both clinical or agricultural use, the present review presents the importance of AMPs and efforts aimed at producing recombinant AMPs in plants for molecular farming and plant protection so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Joy I Bulaon
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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10
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Xisto MF, Dias RS, Feitosa-Araujo E, Prates JWO, da Silva CC, de Paula SO. Efficient Plant Production of Recombinant NS1 Protein for Diagnosis of Dengue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581100. [PMID: 33193526 PMCID: PMC7649140 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is endemic in more than 120 countries, which account for 3.9 billion people at risk of infection worldwide. The absence of a vaccine with effective protection against the four serotypes of this virus makes differential molecular diagnosis the key step for the correct treatment of the disease. Rapid and efficient diagnosis prevents progression to a more severe stage of this disease. Currently, the limiting factor in the manufacture of dengue (DENV) diagnostic kits is the lack of large-scale production of the non-structural 1 (NS1) protein (antigen) to be used in the capture of antibodies from the blood serum of infected patients. In this work, we use plant biotechnology and genetic engineering as tools for the study of protein production for research and commercial purposes. Gene transfer, integration and expression in plants is a valid strategy for obtaining large-scale and low-cost heterologous protein production. The authors produced NS1 protein of the dengue virus serotype 2 (NS1DENV2) in the Arabidopsis thaliana plant. Transgenic plants obtained by genetic transformation expressed the recombinant protein that was purified and characterized for diagnostic use. The yield was 203 μg of the recombinant protein per gram of fresh leaf. By in situ immunolocalization, transgenic protein was observed within the plant tissue, located in aggregates bodies. These antigens showed high sensitivity and specificity to both IgM (84.29% and 91.43%, respectively) and IgG (83.08% and 87.69%, respectively). The study goes a step further to validate the use of plants as a strategy for obtaining large-scale and efficient protein production to be used in dengue virus diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Hanittinan O, Oo Y, Chaotham C, Rattanapisit K, Shanmugaraj B, Phoolcharoen W. Expression optimization, purification and in vitro characterization of human epidermal growth factor produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00524. [PMID: 32953470 PMCID: PMC7486445 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has gained clinical importance due to its ability to promote wound healing. Due to its commercial applications and high market demand, recombinant EGF has been produced in several forms. Currently, plant expression system is considered as potential alternative for low-cost recombinant protein production. Hence, this study focused on improving the production of hEGF in plants by effective gene construct design and optimizing the Agrobacterium culture conditions for high protein production. In this context, hEGF gene was cloned into plant geminiviral expression vector pBYR2e and transformed in to N. benthamiana leaves via., agroinfiltration. The recombinant hEGF was purified from the plant crude extracts by single-step affinity chromatography. Furthermore, the plant-produced hEGF has shown to promote cell migration comparable to commercial hEGF in HaCaT cells in vitro. These results indicated the potential of plant expression system for the production of recombinant hEGF for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranicha Hanittinan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yamin Oo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Balamurugan Shanmugaraj
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wege C, Koch C. From stars to stripes: RNA-directed shaping of plant viral protein templates-structural synthetic virology for smart biohybrid nanostructures. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1591. [PMID: 31631528 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of viral building blocks bears exciting prospects for fabricating new types of bionanoparticles with multivalent protein shells. These enable a spatially controlled immobilization of functionalities at highest surface densities-an increasing demand worldwide for applications from vaccination to tissue engineering, biocatalysis, and sensing. Certain plant viruses hold particular promise because they are sustainably available, biodegradable, nonpathogenic for mammals, and amenable to in vitro self-organization of virus-like particles. This offers great opportunities for their redesign into novel "green" carrier systems by spatial and structural synthetic biology approaches, as worked out here for the robust nanotubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as prime example. Natural TMV of 300 x 18 nm is built from more than 2,100 identical coat proteins (CPs) helically arranged around a 6,395 nucleotides ssRNA. In vitro, TMV-like particles (TLPs) may self-assemble also from modified CPs and RNAs if the latter contain an Origin of Assembly structure, which initiates a bidirectional encapsidation. By way of tailored RNA, the process can be reprogrammed to yield uncommon shapes such as branched nanoobjects. The nonsymmetric mechanism also proceeds on 3'-terminally immobilized RNA and can integrate distinct CP types in blends or serially. Other emerging plant virus-deduced systems include the usually isometric cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) with further strikingly altered structures up to "cherrybombs" with protruding nucleic acids. Cartoon strips and pictorial descriptions of major RNA-based strategies induct the reader into a rare field of nanoconstruction that can give rise to utile soft-matter architectures for complex tasks. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Claudia Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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