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Guerra A, Colella D, Cannavacciuolo A, Giangrosso M, Paparella G, Fabbrini G, Berardelli A, Bologna M. Short-term plasticity of the motor cortex compensates for bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106137. [PMID: 37120094 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show impaired short-term potentiation (STP) mechanisms in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, the role played by this neurophysiological abnormality in bradykinesia pathophysiology is unknown. In this study, we used a multimodal neuromodulation approach to test whether defective STP contributes to bradykinesia. We evaluated STP by measuring motor-evoked potential facilitation during 5 Hz-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and assessed repetitive finger tapping movements through kinematic techniques. Also, we used transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to drive M1 oscillations and experimentally modulate bradykinesia. STP was assessed during tACS delivered at beta (β) and gamma (γ) frequency, and during sham-tACS. Data were compared to those recorded in a group of healthy subjects. In PD, we found that STP was impaired during sham- and γ-tACS, while it was restored during β-tACS. Importantly, the degree of STP impairment was associated with the severity of movement slowness and amplitude reduction. Moreover, β-tACS-related improvements in STP were linked to changes in movement slowness and intracortical GABA-A-ergic inhibition during stimulation, as assessed by short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Patients with prominent STP amelioration had greater SICI reduction (cortical disinhibition) and less slowness worsening during β-tACS. Dopaminergic medications did not modify β-tACS effects. These data demonstrate that abnormal STP processes are involved in bradykinesia pathophysiology and return to normal levels when β oscillations increase. STP changes are likely mediated by modifications in GABA-A-ergic intracortical circuits and may represent a compensatory mechanism against β-induced bradykinesia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guerra
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy; Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Donato Colella
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy; Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy; Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy; Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Wu S, Fan J, Tang F, Chen L, Zhang X, Xiao D, Li X. The role of RIM in neurotransmitter release: promotion of synaptic vesicle docking, priming, and fusion. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123561. [PMID: 37179554 PMCID: PMC10169678 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many special sites at the end of a synapse called active zones (AZs). Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse with presynaptic membranes at these sites, and this fusion is an important step in neurotransmitter release. The cytomatrix in the active zone (CAZ) is made up of proteins such as the regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein (RIM), RIM-binding proteins (RIM-BPs), ELKS/CAST, Bassoon/Piccolo, Liprin-α, and Munc13-1. RIM is a scaffold protein that interacts with CAZ proteins and presynaptic functional components to affect the docking, priming, and fusion of SVs. RIM is believed to play an important role in regulating the release of neurotransmitters (NTs). In addition, abnormal expression of RIM has been detected in many diseases, such as retinal diseases, Asperger's syndrome (AS), and degenerative scoliosis. Therefore, we believe that studying the molecular structure of RIM and its role in neurotransmitter release will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of neurotransmitter release and identify targets for the diagnosis and treatment of the aforementioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Improvement of synaptic plasticity by nanoparticles and the related mechanisms: Applications and prospects. J Control Release 2022; 347:143-163. [PMID: 35513209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is an important basis of learning and memory and participates in brain network remodelling after different types of brain injury (such as that caused by neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischaemic injury, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychiatric disorders). Therefore, improving synaptic plasticity is particularly important for the treatment of nervous system-related diseases. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, increasing evidence has shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in different ways, directly or indirectly act on nerve cells, regulate synaptic plasticity, and ultimately improve nerve function. Therefore, to better elucidate the effect of NPs on synaptic plasticity, we review evidence showing that NPs can improve synaptic plasticity by regulating different influencing factors, such as neurotransmitters, receptors, presynaptic membrane proteins and postsynaptic membrane proteins, and further discuss the possible mechanism by which NPs improve synaptic plasticity. We conclude that NPs can improve synaptic plasticity and restore the function of damaged nerves by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, inducing autophagy, and regulating ion channels on the cell membrane. By reviewing the mechanism by which NPs regulate synaptic plasticity and the applications of NPs for the treatment of neurological diseases, we also propose directions for future research in this field and provide an important reference for follow-up research.
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Rossbroich J, Trotter D, Beninger J, Tóth K, Naud R. Linear-nonlinear cascades capture synaptic dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008013. [PMID: 33720935 PMCID: PMC7993773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term synaptic dynamics differ markedly across connections and strongly regulate how action potentials communicate information. To model the range of synaptic dynamics observed in experiments, we have developed a flexible mathematical framework based on a linear-nonlinear operation. This model can capture various experimentally observed features of synaptic dynamics and different types of heteroskedasticity. Despite its conceptual simplicity, we show that it is more adaptable than previous models. Combined with a standard maximum likelihood approach, synaptic dynamics can be accurately and efficiently characterized using naturalistic stimulation patterns. These results make explicit that synaptic processing bears algorithmic similarities with information processing in convolutional neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rossbroich
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Trotter
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Beninger
- uOttawa Brain Mind Institute, Center for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katalin Tóth
- uOttawa Brain Mind Institute, Center for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Naud
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- uOttawa Brain Mind Institute, Center for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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