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Frazzoli C, Bocca B, Battistini B, Ruggieri F, Rovira J, Amadi CN, Offor SJ, Orisakwe OE. Rare Earth and Platinum Group Elements In Sub-Saharan Africa and Global Health: The Dark Side of the Burgeoning of Technology. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2024; 18:11786302241271553. [PMID: 39282214 PMCID: PMC11393805 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241271553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite steady progress in the development and promotion of the circular economy as a model, an overwhelming proportion of technological devices discarded by the Global North still finds its way to the Global South, where technology-related environmental health problems start from the predation of resources and continue all the way to recycling and disposal. We reviewed literature on TCEs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focussing on: the sources and levels of environmental pollution; the extent of human exposure to these substances; their role in the aetiology of human diseases; their effects on the environment. Our review shows that even minor and often neglected technology-critical elements (TCEs), like rare earth elements (REEs) and platinum group elements (PGEs), reveal the environmental damage and detrimental health effects caused by the massive mining of raw materials, exacerbated by improper disposal of e-waste (from dumping to improper recycling and open burning). We draw attention of local research on knowledge gaps such as workable safer methods for TCE recovery from end-of-life products, secondary materials and e-waste, environmental bioremediation and human detoxification. The technical and political shortcomings in the management of TCEs in SSA is all the more alarming against the background of unfavourable determinants of health and a resulting higher susceptibility to diseases, especially among children who work in mines and e-waste recycling sites or who reside in dumping sites.This paper demonstrates, for the first time, that the role of unjust North-South dynamics is evident even in the environmental levels of minor trace elements and that the premise underlying attempts to solve the problem of e-waste dumped in Africa through recycling and disposal technology is in fact misleading. The influx of foreign electrical and electronic equipments should be controlled and limited by clearly defining what is a 'useful' second-hand device and what is e-waste; risks arising from device components or processing by-products should be managed differently, and scientific uncertainty and One Health thinking should be incorporated in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel James Offor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
- Advanced Research Centre, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
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2
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Taruscio D, Mantovani A. Congenital anomalies: Can One Health reduce the community burden? Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:166-167. [PMID: 34273509 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Taruscio
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
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3
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Taruscio D, Mantovani A. Multifactorial Rare Diseases: Can Uncertainty Analysis Bring Added Value to the Search for Risk Factors and Etiopathogenesis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020119. [PMID: 33525390 PMCID: PMC7911455 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty analysis is the process of identifying limitations in knowledge and evaluating their implications for scientific conclusions. Uncertainty analysis is a stable component of risk assessment and is increasingly used in decision making on complex health issues. Uncertainties should be identified in a structured way and prioritized according to their likely impact on the outcome of scientific conclusions. Uncertainty is inherent to the rare diseases (RD) area, where research and healthcare have to cope with knowledge gaps due to the rarity of the conditions; yet a systematic approach toward uncertainties is not usually undertaken. The uncertainty issue is particularly relevant to multifactorial RD, whose etiopathogenesis involves environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Three case studies are presented: the newly recognized acute multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; the assessment of risk factors for neural tube defects; and the genotype-phenotype correlation in familial Mediterranean fever. Each case study proposes the initial identification of the main epistemic and sampling uncertainties and their impacts. Uncertainty analysis in RD may present aspects similar to those encountered when conducting risk assessment in data-poor scenarios; therefore, approaches such as expert knowledge elicitation may be considered. The RD community has a main strength in managing uncertainty, as it proactively develops stakeholder involvement, data sharing and open science. The open science approaches can be profitably integrated by structured uncertainty analysis, especially when dealing with multifactorial RD involving environmental and genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Taruscio
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department on Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), 00161 Roma, Italy;
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Shi J, Chen N, Yu W, Liu R, Jin H, Yu Z, Luo L, Gu L, Yang R, Liu Q, Feng W, Wang Z. Status of Comorbid Congenital Anomalies and Their Influence on Resource Use in Pediatric Inpatients: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2020; 8:580664. [PMID: 33194984 PMCID: PMC7661780 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.580664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The status of children with comorbid congenital anomalies (CAs) and their effects on related hospital resource utilization have been minimally investigated. We aimed to describe the congenital anomalies comorbidity status and their effects on hospital resource utilization (length of stay, cost) by pediatric patients. Setting: This study was conducted in five tertiary care children's hospitals in Shanghai, China. Participants: Data were obtained from the inpatients' electronic health records; diagnoses were recorded using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision codes. In total, 7,890 children were diagnosed with congenital anomalies (13.13%), which were either primary or secondary. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The dependent variables were length of stay and cost. The independent variables were demographic and clinical characteristics and CA status. Results: In total, 50.98% of the hospitalized patients had comorbid CA conditions. Medical+CA patients were associated with a longer LOS (β = 2.656, P < 0.001), and CA+medical patients were associated with higher costs (β = 7.222, P < 0.001). Cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and genitourinary diseases were the top three comorbid diseases. The average LOS for the top three comorbid diseases was longest in the medical+CA group, followed by CA+medical group. Cardiovascular disease was the most frequent comorbidity (ranking 1 in the medical+CA group and 2 in the CA+medical group), and the cost of cardiovascular disease was highest in all groups. Conclusions: A high prevalence of comorbid CA conditions was observed among pediatric inpatients in the sampled tertiary hospitals in China. Strategic planning should be improved to guide resource utilization for complex comorbid CA care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenya Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Li Luo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Gu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China
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5
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Salvatore M, Polizzi A, De Stefano MC, Floridia G, Baldovino S, Roccatello D, Sciascia S, Menegatti E, Remuzzi G, Daina E, Iatropoulos P, Bembi B, Da Riol RM, Ferlini A, Neri M, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F, Brancati F, Taruscio D. Improving diagnosis for rare diseases: the experience of the Italian undiagnosed Rare diseases network. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:130. [PMID: 32928283 PMCID: PMC7488856 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For a number of persons with rare diseases (RDs) a definite diagnosis remains undiscovered with relevant physical, psychological and social consequences. Undiagnosed RDs (URDs) require other than specialised clinical centres, outstanding molecular investigations, common protocols and dedicated actions at national and international levels; thus, many “Undiagnosed RDs programs” have been gradually developed on the grounds of a well-structured multidisciplinary approach. Methods The Italian Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Network (IURDN) was established in 2016 to improve the level of diagnosis of persons with URD living in Italy. Six Italian Centres of Expertise represented the network. The National Centre for Rare Diseases at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità coordinates the whole project. The software PhenoTips was used to collect the information of the clinical cases. Results One hundred and ten cases were analysed between March 2016 and June 2019. The age of onset of the diseases ranged from prenatal age to 51 years. Conditions were predominantly sporadic; almost all patients had multiple organs involvements. A total of 13/71 family cases were characterized by WES; in some families more than one individual was affected, so leading to 20/71 individuals investigated. Disease causing variants were identified in two cases and were associated to previously undescribed phenotypes. In 5 cases, new candidate genes were identified, although confirmatory tests are pending. In three families, investigations were not completed due to the scarce compliance of members and molecular investigations were temporary suspended. Finally, three cases (one familial) remain still unsolved. Twelve undiagnosed clinical cases were then selected to be shared at International level through PhenomeCentral in accordance to the UDNI statement. Conclusions Our results showed a molecular diagnostic yield of 53,8%; this value is comparable to the diagnostic rates reported in other international studies. Cases collected were also pooled with those collected by UDNI International Network. This represents a unique example of global initiative aimed at sharing and validating knowledge and experience in this field. IURDN is a multidisciplinary and useful initiative linking National and International efforts aimed at making timely and appropriate diagnoses in RD patients who still do not have a confirmed diagnosis even after a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvatore
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Interdepartmental Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Agata Polizzi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Baldovino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Centre of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Centre of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Centre of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Centre of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute, Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, Clinical Research Centre for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Erica Daina
- IRCCS Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute, Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, Clinical Research Centre for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paraskevas Iatropoulos
- IRCCS Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute, Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, Clinical Research Centre for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bruno Bembi
- S.O.C. Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Rosalia Maria Da Riol
- S.O.C. Regional Coordinating Centre of the National Network for Rare Diseases, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcella Neri
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata and University Hospital Tor Vergata, Unit of Medical Genetics Rome & IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata and University Hospital Tor Vergata, Unit of Medical Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Domenica Taruscio
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Interdepartmental Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Baynam GS, Groft S, van der Westhuizen FH, Gassman SD, du Plessis K, Coles EP, Selebatso E, Selebatso M, Gaobinelwe B, Selebatso T, Joel D, Llera VA, Vorster BC, Wuebbels B, Djoudalbaye B, Austin CP, Kumuthini J, Forman J, Kaufmann P, Chipeta J, Gavhed D, Larsson A, Stojiljkovic M, Nordgren A, Roldan EJA, Taruscio D, Wong-Rieger D, Nowak K, Bilkey GA, Easteal S, Bowdin S, Reichardt JKV, Beltran S, Kosaki K, van Karnebeek CDM, Gong M, Shuyang Z, Mehrian-Shai R, Adams DR, Puri RD, Zhang F, Pachter N, Muenke M, Nellaker C, Gahl WA, Cederroth H, Broley S, Schoonen M, Boycott KM, Posada M. A call for global action for rare diseases in Africa. Nat Genet 2020; 52:21-26. [PMID: 31873296 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth S Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,The Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Division of Pediatrics; and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Groft
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emily P Coles
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eda Selebatso
- Botswana Organization for Rare Diseases (BORDIS), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Moses Selebatso
- Botswana Organization for Rare Diseases (BORDIS), Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Tebogo Selebatso
- Botswana Organization for Rare Diseases (BORDIS), Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Dipesalema Joel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana School of Medicine, Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence and Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Barend C Vorster
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (PLIEM), Center for Human Metabolomics (CHM) at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Barbara Wuebbels
- Professional Patient Advocates in the Life Sciences (PPALS), Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Djoudalbaye
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judit Kumuthini
- Centre for Proteomic & Genomic Research, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Forman
- Unaffiliated rare-disease advocate, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - James Chipeta
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospitals-Lusaka Children Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Désirée Gavhed
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska Center for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maja Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolina Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Domenica Taruscio
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Durhane Wong-Rieger
- Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rare Diseases International, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristen Nowak
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gemma A Bilkey
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Office of the Chief Health Officer, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Easteal
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah Bowdin
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sergi Beltran
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengchun Gong
- National Rare Diseases Registry System of China (NRDRS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Shuyang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - David R Adams
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ratna D Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Feng Zhang
- SeekIn. Inc., Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Division of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoffer Nellaker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, and Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William A Gahl
- National Human Genome Research Institute and NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Broley
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maryke Schoonen
- Mitochondria Research Laboratory, Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Posada
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras & CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Humphrey KM, Pandey S, Martin J, Hagoel T, Grand'Maison A, Ohm JE. Establishing a role for environmental toxicant exposure induced epigenetic remodeling in malignant transformation. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 57:86-94. [PMID: 30453042 PMCID: PMC6522338 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a wide variety of environmental exposures throughout their lifespan. These include both naturally occurring toxins and chemical toxicants like pesticides, herbicides, and industrial chemicals, many of which have been implicated as possible contributors to human disease susceptibility [1-3]. We, and others, have hypothesized that environmental exposures may cause adaptive epigenetic changes in regenerative cell populations and developing organisms, leading to abnormal gene expression and increased disease susceptibility later in life [3]. Common epigenetic changes include changes in miRNA expression, covalent histone modifications, and methylation of DNA. Importantly, due to their heritable nature, abnormal epigenetic modifications which occur within stem cells may be particularly deleterious. Abnormal epigenetic changes in regenerative cell linages can be passed onto a large population of daughter cells and can persist for long periods of time. It is well established that an accumulation of epigenetic changes can lead to many human diseases including cancer [4-6]. Subsequently, it is imperative that we increase our understanding of how common environmental toxins and toxicants can induce epigenetic changes, particularly in stem cell populations. In this review, we will discuss how common environmental exposures in the United States and around the world may lead to epigenetic changes and discuss potential links to human disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Humphrey
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sumali Pandey
- Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, United States
| | - Jeffery Martin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tamara Hagoel
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Anne Grand'Maison
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joyce E Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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8
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Taruscio D, Mantovani A, Salerno P, Granata O. The Italian Registry for congenital anomalies: a tool for surveillance and primary prevention. Reprod Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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