1
|
Mengistu BA, Tsegaw T, Demessie Y, Getnet K, Bitew AB, Kinde MZ, Beirhun AM, Mebratu AS, Mekasha YT, Feleke MG, Fenta MD. Comprehensive review of drug resistance in mammalian cancer stem cells: implications for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:406. [PMID: 39695669 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global challenge, and despite the numerous strategies developed to advance cancer therapy, an effective cure for metastatic cancer remains elusive. A major hurdle in treatment success is the ability of cancer cells, particularly cancer stem cells (CSCs), to resist therapy. These CSCs possess unique abilities, including self-renewal, differentiation, and repair, which drive tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. The resilience of CSCs is linked to certain signaling pathways. Tumors with pathway-dependent CSCs often develop genetic resistance, whereas those with pathway-independent CSCs undergo epigenetic changes that affect gene regulation. CSCs can evade cytotoxic drugs, radiation, and apoptosis by increasing drug efflux transporter activity and activating survival mechanisms. Future research should prioritize the identification of new biomarkers and signaling molecules to better understand drug resistance. The use of cutting-edge approaches, such as bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and nanotechnology, offers potential solutions to this challenge. Key strategies include developing targeted therapies, employing nanocarriers for precise drug delivery, and focusing on CSC-targeted pathways such as the Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways. Additionally, investigating multitarget inhibitors, immunotherapy, and nanodrug delivery systems is critical for overcoming drug resistance in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bemrew Admassu Mengistu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tirunesh Tsegaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayew Demessie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Getnet
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Belete Bitew
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrie Zemene Kinde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asnakew Mulaw Beirhun
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Atsede Solomon Mebratu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yesuneh Tefera Mekasha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Getahun Feleke
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkie Dagnaw Fenta
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Yang J, Yang W, Sheng H, Jia B, Cheng P, Xu S, Hong X, Jiang C, Yang Y, Wu Z, Wang J. Multiple roles of p53 in cancer development: Regulation of tumor microenvironment, m 6A modification and diverse cell death mechanisms. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00481-8. [PMID: 39490612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein p53, encoded by the most frequently mutated gene TP53 in human cancers, has diverse functions in tumor suppression. As a best known transcription factor, p53 can regulate various fundamental cellular responses, ranging from the cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence to the programmed cell death (PCD), which includes autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis and disulfidoptosis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the tumor microenvironment (TME), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and diverse PCD are important for the progression, proliferation and metastases of cancers. AIM OF REVIEW This paper aims to systematically and comprehensively summarize the multiple roles of p53 in the development of cancers from the regulation of TME, m6A Modification and diverse PCD. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW TME, a crucial local homeostasis environment, influences every step of tumorigenesis and metastasis. m6A, the most prevalent and abundant endogenous modification in eukaryotic RNAs, plays an essential role in various biological processes, containing the progression of cancers. Additionally, PCD is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell suicide and a common process in living organisms. Some forms of PCD contribute to the occurrence and development of cancer. However, the complex roles of p53 within the TME, m6A modification and diverse PCD mechanisms are still not completely understood. Presently, the function roles of p53 including the wild-type and mutant p53 in different context are summarized. Additionally, the interaction between the cancer immunity, cancer cell death and RNA m6A methylation and the p53 regulation during the development and progress of cancers were discussed. Moreover, the key molecular mechanisms by which p53 participates in the regulation of TME, m6A and diverse PCD are also explored. All the findings will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanting Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyang Sheng
- Global Biometrics and Data Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, New York City, USA
| | - Buyun Jia
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinhui Hong
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanwei Jiang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Ziyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Li J, Bai X, Huang X, Wang Q. Tumor microenvironment as a complex milieu driving cancer progression: a mini review. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03697-w. [PMID: 39342061 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
It has been spotlighted that the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) is crucial for comprehending cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, this comprehensive review elucidates the intricate architecture of the TME, which encompasses tumor cells, immune components, support cells, and a myriad of bioactive molecules. These constituents collectively foster dynamic interactions that underpin tumor growth, metastasis, and nuanced responses to anticancer therapies. Notably, the TME's role extends beyond mere physical support, serving as a critical mediator in cancer-cell evolution, immune modulation, and treatment outcomes. Innovations targeting the TME, including strategies focused on the vasculature, immune checkpoints, and T-cell therapies, have forged new pathways for clinical intervention. However, the heterogeneity and complexity of the TME present significant challenges, necessitating deeper exploration of its components and their interplay to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review underscores the imperative for integrated research strategies that amalgamate insights from tumor biology, immunology, and systems biology. Such an approach aims to refine cancer treatments and improve patient prognoses by exploiting the TME's complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China.
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Bai
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Digestive Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai Q, He Y, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Deng J. Nanomaterial-Based Strategies for Preventing Tumor Metastasis by Interrupting the Metastatic Biological Processes. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303543. [PMID: 38411537 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The prevention of tumor metastasis has garnered notable interest and interrupting metastatic biological processes is considered a potential strategy for preventing tumor metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and premetastatic niche (PMN) play crucial roles in metastatic biological processes. These processes can be interrupted using nanomaterials due to their excellent physicochemical properties. However, most studies have focused on only one aspect of tumor metastasis. Here, the hypothesis that nanomaterials can be used to target metastatic biological processes and explore strategies to prevent tumor metastasis is highlighted. First, the metastatic biological processes and strategies involving nanomaterials acting on the TME, CTCs, and PMN to prevent tumor metastasis are briefly summarized. Further, the current challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in preventing tumor metastasis by interrupting metastatic biological processes are discussed. Nanomaterial-and multifunctional nanomaterial-based strategies for preventing tumor metastasis are advantageous for the long-term fight against tumor metastasis and their continued exploration will facilitate rapid progress in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tumor metastasis. Novel perspectives are outlined for developing more effective strategies to prevent tumor metastasis, thereby improving the outcomes of patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjin Cai
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yijia He
- School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Q, Wang L, Wuriqimuge, Dong L, Feng M, Bao X, Zhang K, Cai Z, Qu X, Zhang S, Wu J, Wu H, Wang C, Yu X, Kong W, Zhang H. Metformin improved a heterologous prime-boost of dual-targeting cancer vaccines to inhibit tumor growth in a melanoma mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111431. [PMID: 38244520 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines, which induce anti-tumor immunity by targeting specific antigens, constitute a promising approach to cancer therapy. Our previous work proposed an optimized heterologous immunization strategy using cancer gene vaccines co-targeting MUC1 and survivin. Administration of a DNA vaccine three times within a week followed by a single recombinant MVA (rMVA) boost was able to efficiently induce anti-tumor immunity and inhibit tumor growth in tumor-bearing mouse models However, the complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment always limits infiltration by vaccine-induced T cells. Modifying the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors would be a breakthrough in enhancing the therapeutic effects of a cancer vaccine. Recent studies have reported that metformin, a type 2 diabetes drug, may ameliorate the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Here, we tested whether the combinational therapeutic strategy of cancer vaccines administered with a heterologous prime-boost strategy with metformin enhanced anti-tumor effects in a melanoma mouse model. The results showed that metformin promoted the transition of M2-tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAM) to M1-TAM, induced more tumor-infiltrating proliferative CD4 and CD8 T cells, and decreased exhausted T cells. This combinational treatment induced anti-tumor immunity from cancer vaccines, ameliorating the tumor microenvironment, showing improved tumor inhibition, and prolonging survival in tumor-bearing mice compared with either a cancer vaccine or metformin alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lizheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wuriqimuge
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ling Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengfan Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xueli Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu F, Wei X, Chen Z, Chen Y, Hu P, Jin Y. PFKFB2 is a favorable prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer by suppressing metastasis and tumor glycolysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10737-10752. [PMID: 37311985 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to investigate the biological effect of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2) in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS PFKFB2 was selected by metabolism polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array from CRC cells under alkaline culture medium (pH 7.4) and acidic culture medium (pH 6.8). The expression of PFKFB2 mRNA and protein was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in 70 paired fresh and 268 paired paraffin-embedded human CRC tissues, respectively, and then the prognostic value of PFKFB2 was investigated. The effects of PFKFB2 on CRC cells were also verified in vitro, which were through detecting the change of migration, invasion, sphere formation, proliferation, colony formation, and extracellular acidification rate of CRC cells after PFKFB2 knockdown in alkaline culture medium (pH 7.4) and overexpression in acidic culture medium (pH 6.8). RESULTS PFKFB2 expression was downregulated in acidic culture medium (pH 6.8). In addition, we found PFKFB2 expression decreased in human CRC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, the OS and DFS rate of CRC patients with low PFKFB2 expression was significantly shorter than those of patients with high PFKFB2 expression. Multivariate analysis indicated that low PFKFB2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS in CRC patients. Moreover, the abilities of migration, invasion, spheroidizing ability, proliferation, and colony formation of CRC cells were significantly increased after depletion of PFKFB2 in alkaline culture medium (pH 7.4) and decreased after overexpression of PFKFB2 in acidic culture medium (pH 6.8) in vitro. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway was found and verified involved in the PFKFB2-mediated regulation of metastatic function in CRC cells. Further, glycolysis of CRC cells was significantly elevated after knockdown of PFKFB2 in alkaline culture medium (pH 7.4) and decreased after overexpression of PFKFB2 in acidic culture medium (pH 6.8). CONCLUSION PFKFB2 expression is downregulated in CRC tissues and associated with worse survival for CRC patients. PFKFB2 could inhibit metastasis and the malignant progression of CRC cells by suppressing EMT and glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhanhong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Peishan Hu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dos Santos SN, Wuest M, Jans HS, Woodfield J, Nario AP, Krys D, Dufour J, Glubrecht D, Bergman C, Bernardes ES, Wuest F. Comparison of three 18F-labeled 2-nitroimidazoles for imaging hypoxia in breast cancer xenografts: [ 18F]FBNA, [ 18F]FAZA and [ 18F]FMISO. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 124-125:108383. [PMID: 37651917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour hypoxia is associated with increased metastasis, invasion, poor therapy response and prognosis. Most PET radiotracers developed and used for clinical hypoxia imaging belong to the 2-nitroimidazole family. Recently we have developed novel 2-nitroimidazole-derived PET radiotracer [18F]FBNA (N-(4-[18F]fluoro-benzyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-acet-amide), an 18F-labeled analogue of antiparasitic drug benznidazole. The present study aimed to analyze its radio-pharmacological properties and systematically compare its PET imaging profiles with [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in preclinical triple-negative (MDA-MB231) and estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer models. METHODS In vitro cellular uptake experiments were carried out in MDA-MB321 and MCF-7 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Metabolic stability in vivo was determined in BALB/c mice using radio-TLC analysis. Dynamic PET experiments over 3 h post-injection were performed in MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 tumour-bearing mice. Those PET data were used for kinetic modelling analysis utilizing the reversible two-tissue-compartment model. Autoradiography was carried out in tumour tissue slices and compared to HIF-1α immunohistochemistry. Detailed ex vivo biodistribution was accomplished in BALB/c mice, and this biodistribution data were used for dosimetry calculation. RESULTS Under hypoxic conditions in vitro cellular uptake was elevated in both cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231, for all three radiotracers. After intravenous injection, [18F]FBNA formed two radiometabolites, resulting in a final fraction of 65 ± 9 % intact [18F]FBNA after 60 min p.i. After 3 h p.i., [18F]FBNA tumour uptake reached SUV values of 0.78 ± 0.01 in MCF-7 and 0.61 ± 0.04 in MDA-MB231 tumours (both n = 3), representing tumour-to-muscle ratios of 2.19 ± 0.04 and 1.98 ± 0.15, respectively. [18F]FMISO resulted in higher tumour uptakes (SUV 1.36 ± 0.04 in MCF-7 and 1.23 ± 0.08 in MDA-MB231 (both n = 4; p < 0.05) than [18F]FAZA (0.66 ± 0.11 in MCF-7 and 0.63 ± 0.14 in MDA-MB231 (both n = 4; n.s.)), representing tumour-to-muscle ratios of 3.24 ± 0.30 and 3.32 ± 0.50 for [18F]FMISO, and 2.92 ± 0.74 and 3.00 ± 0.42 for [18F]FAZA, respectively. While the fraction per time of radiotracer entering the second compartment (k3) was similar within uncertainties for all three radiotracers in MDA-MB231 tumours, it was different in MCF-7 tumours. The ratios k3/(k3 + k2) and K1*k3/(k3 + k2) in MCF-7 tumours were also significantly different, indicating dissimilar fractions of radiotracer bound and trapped intracellularly: K1*k3/(k2 + k3) [18F]FMISO (0.0088 ± 0.001)/min, n = 4; p < 0.001) > [18F]FAZA (0.0052 ± 0.002)/min, n = 4; p < 0.01) > [18F]FBNA (0.003 ± 0.001)/min, n = 3). In contrast, in MDA-MB231 tumours, only K1 was significantly elevated for [18F]FMISO. However, this did not result in significant differences for K1*k3/(k2 + k3) for all three 2-nitroimidazoles in MDA-MB231 tumours. CONCLUSION Novel 2-nitroimidazole PET radiotracer [18F]FBNA showed uptake into hypoxic breast cancer cells and tumour tissue presumably associated with elevated HIF1-α expression. Systematic comparison of PET imaging performance with [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in different types of preclinical breast cancer models revealed a similar tumour uptake profile for [18F]FBNA with [18F]FAZA and, despite its higher lipophilicity, still a slightly higher muscle tissue clearance compared to [18F]FMISO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nascimento Dos Santos
- Radiopharmacy Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN / CNEN - SP), CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hans-Sonke Jans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenilee Woodfield
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arian Pérez Nario
- Radiopharmacy Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN / CNEN - SP), CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Krys
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Dufour
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darryl Glubrecht
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cody Bergman
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emerson Soares Bernardes
- Radiopharmacy Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN / CNEN - SP), CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Multifaceted Role of Connexins in Tumor Microenvironment Initiation and Maintenance. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020204. [PMID: 36829482 PMCID: PMC9953436 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Today's research on the processes of carcinogenesis and the vital activity of tumor tissues implies more attention be paid to constituents of the tumor microenvironment and their interactions. These interactions between cells in the tumor microenvironment can be mediated via different types of protein junctions. Connexins are one of the major contributors to intercellular communication. They form the gap junctions responsible for the transfer of ions, metabolites, peptides, miRNA, etc., between neighboring tumor cells as well as between tumor and stromal cells. Connexin hemichannels mediate purinergic signaling and bidirectional molecular transport with the extracellular environment. Additionally, connexins have been reported to localize in tumor-derived exosomes and facilitate the release of their cargo. A large body of evidence implies that the role of connexins in cancer is multifaceted. The pro- or anti-tumorigenic properties of connexins are determined by their abundance, localization, and functionality as well as their channel assembly and non-channel functions. In this review, we have summarized the data on the contribution of connexins to the formation of the tumor microenvironment and to cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
|
9
|
de Rossi J, Arefeayne Y, Robinson A, Segatori L. Emerging technologies for genetic control systems in cellular therapies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102833. [PMID: 36334445 PMCID: PMC10091305 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Progress in synthetic biology has enabled the construction of designer cells that sense biological inputs, and, in response, activate user-defined biomolecular programs. Such engineered cells provide unique opportunities for treating a wide variety of diseases. Current strategies mostly rely on cell-surface receptor systems engineered to convert binding interactions into activation of a transcriptional program. Genetic control systems are emerging as an appealing alternative to receptor-based sensors as they overcome the need for receptor engineering and result in cellular behaviors that operate over therapeutically relevant timescales. Genetic control systems include synthetic gene networks, RNA-based sensors, and post-translational tools. These technologies present fundamental challenges, including the requirement for precise integration with innate pathways, the need for parts orthogonal to existing circuitries, and the metabolic burden induced by such complex cell engineering endeavors. This review discusses the challenges in the design of genetic control systems for cellular therapies and their translational applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo de Rossi
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Yafet Arefeayne
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Ashley Robinson
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Laura Segatori
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu Y, Wang Y, Yang Z, Teng C, Guo Z. Evaluation of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 SPECT imaging on angiogenesis in animal models of lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:3025-3031. [PMID: 36104010 PMCID: PMC9626327 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the activity and selectivity of 99m Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and 18 F-FDG PET-CT in order to detect the neovascularization of A549 cell subcutaneously transplanted tumors, and clarify the relationship among tumor vasculature, hypoxia and cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS We established a subcutaneous tumor model, and used 99m Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and 18 F-FDG PET-CT when the average tumor size reached 0.3-0.5 cm3 . The mice were anesthetized and sacrificed and the tumors were completely removed for frozen section analysis. We subsequently evaluated the status of neovascularization, hypoxia, as well as cell proliferation via immunofluorescence staining (IF) by detecting CD31, pimonidazole and EdU, respectively. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.88, p < 0.05) between the microvascular density (41.20 ± 18.60) and tumor to nontumor ratio (T/M), which was based on the value of 99m Tc-3PRGD2 (4.20 ± 1.33); meanwhile, no significance (r = -0.16, p > 0.05) was found between the T/M and hypoxic area (116.71 ± 9.36). Neovascular proliferation was particularly vigorous in the parenchymal region of the tumor, while the cells around the cavity were generally hypoxic. 99m TC-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT was more specific than 18 F-FDG PET-CT in detecting malignant tumors. CONCLUSION Both 99m TC-3PRGD2 and 18 F-FDG PET-CT can be used for the detection of malignant tumors, but the specificity and accuracy of 99m TC-3PRGD2 are better. The subcutaneous tumors showed a heterogeneous microenvironment as a result of neovascularization, a high proliferation rate of cancer cells as well as subsequent hypoxia, while most of the hypoxic areas appeared around the cavities of the vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Wu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Chuanhui Teng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Zhanlin Guo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van der Heide CD, Dalm SU. Radionuclide imaging and therapy directed towards the tumor microenvironment: a multi-cancer approach for personalized medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4616-4641. [PMID: 35788730 PMCID: PMC9606105 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide theranostics is becoming more and more prominent in clinical oncology. Currently, most nuclear medicine compounds researched for cancer theranostics are directed towards targets expressed in only a small subset of cancer types, limiting clinical applicability. The identification of cancer-specific targets that are (more) universally expressed will allow more cancer patients to benefit from these personalized nuclear medicine–based interventions. A tumor is not merely a collection of cancer cells, it also comprises supporting stromal cells embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM), together forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since the TME is less genetically unstable than cancer cells, and TME phenotypes can be shared between cancer types, it offers targets that are more universally expressed. The TME is characterized by the presence of altered processes such as hypoxia, acidity, and increased metabolism. Next to the ECM, the TME consists of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, endothelial cells forming the neo-vasculature, immune cells, and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs). Radioligands directed at the altered processes, the ECM, and the cellular components of the TME have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for targeted radionuclide imaging and/or therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the TME targets and their corresponding radioligands. In addition, we discuss what developments are needed to further explore the TME as a target for radionuclide theranostics, with the hopes of stimulating the development of novel TME radioligands with multi-cancer, or in some cases even pan-cancer, application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone U Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu C, Mao Y, Wang X, Li P, Tang B. Deep-Tissue Fluorescence Imaging Study of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Tumor Microenvironment. Anal Chem 2021; 94:165-176. [PMID: 34802229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the survival environment for tumor cells to proliferate and metastasize in deep tissue. TME contains tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells and a variety of active molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inside the TME, ROS regulate the oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis and promote oxidative stress. Due to the rapid proliferation ability and specific metabolic patterns of the TME, ROS pervade virtually all complex physiological processes and play irreplaceable roles in protein modification, signal transduction, metabolism, and energy production in various tumors. Therefore, measurements of the dynamically, multicomponent simultaneous changes of ROS in the TME are of great significance to reveal the detailed proliferation and metastasis mechanisms of the tumor. Near-infrared (NIR) and two-photon (TP) fluorescence imaging techniques possess real-time, dynamic, highly sensitive, and highly signal-to-noise ratios with deep tissue penetration abilities. With the rationally designed probes, the NIR and TP fluorescence imaging techniques have been widely used to reveal the mechanisms of how ROS regulates and constructs complex signals and metabolic networks in TME. Therefore, we summarize the design principles and performances of NIR and TP fluorescence imaging of ROS in the TME in the last four years, as well as discuss the advantages and potentials of these works. This Review can provide guidance and prospects for future research work on TME and facilitate the development of antitumor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchen Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantao Mao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lilburn DM, Groves AM. The role of PET in imaging of the tumour microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:784.e1-784.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Klein S, Duda DG. Machine Learning for Future Subtyping of the Tumor Microenvironment of Gastro-Esophageal Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4919. [PMID: 34638408 PMCID: PMC8507866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression involves an intricate interplay between malignant cells and their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) at specific sites. The TME is dynamic and is composed of stromal, parenchymal, and immune cells, which mediate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies revealed that TME targeting and reprogramming can be a promising approach to achieve anti-tumor effects in several cancers, including in GEA. Thus, it is of great interest to use modern technology to understand the relevant components of programming the TME. Here, we discuss the approach of machine learning, which recently gained increasing interest recently because of its ability to measure tumor parameters at the cellular level, reveal global features of relevance, and generate prognostic models. In this review, we discuss the relevant stromal composition of the TME in GEAs and discuss how they could be integrated. We also review the current progress in the application of machine learning in different medical disciplines that are relevant for the management and study of GEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dan G. Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02478, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Enzyme CAD: Its Function, Regulation, and Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910253. [PMID: 34638594 PMCID: PMC8508918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CAD (Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, Aspartate transcarbamoylase, and Dihydroorotase) is a multifunctional protein that participates in the initial three speed-limiting steps of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Over the past two decades, extensive investigations have been conducted to unmask CAD as a central player for the synthesis of nucleic acids, active intermediates, and cell membranes. Meanwhile, the important role of CAD in various physiopathological processes has also been emphasized. Deregulation of CAD-related pathways or CAD mutations cause cancer, neurological disorders, and inherited metabolic diseases. Here, we review the structure, function, and regulation of CAD in mammalian physiology as well as human diseases, and provide insights into the potential to target CAD in future clinical applications.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mueller CG, Gaiddon C, Venkatasamy A. Current Clinical and Pre-Clinical Imaging Approaches to Study the Cancer-Associated Immune System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716860. [PMID: 34539653 PMCID: PMC8446654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the light of the success and the expected growth of its arsenal, immuno-therapy may become the standard neoadjuvant procedure for many cancers in the near future. However, aspects such as the identity, organization and the activation status of the peri- and intra-tumoral immune cells would represent important elements to weigh in the decision for the appropriate treatment. While important progress in non-invasive imaging of immune cells has been made over the last decades, it falls yet short of entering the clinics, let alone becoming a standard procedure. Here, we provide an overview of the different intra-vital imaging approaches in the clinics and in pre-clinical settings and discuss their benefits and drawbacks for assessing the activity of the immune system, globally and on a cellular level. Stimulated by further research, the future is likely to see many technological advances both on signal detection and emission as well as image specificity and resolution to tackle current hurdles. We anticipate that the ability to precisely determine an immune stage of cancer will capture the attention of the oncologist and will create a change in paradigm for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, Immunologie-Immunopathologie-Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, University of Strasbourg, Interface de Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée en Cancérologie (IRFAC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Aïna Venkatasamy
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, University of Strasbourg, Interface de Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée en Cancérologie (IRFAC), Strasbourg, France.,IHU-Strasbourg (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire), Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wei Z, Ren F, Gong S, Shi B, Ouyang K, Wu C. A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD39 with novel mechanism for cancer treatment. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
18
|
Zhao X, Cong S, Guo Q, Cheng Y, Liang T, Wang J, Zhang G. Combination of Immune-Related Genomic Alterations Reveals Immune Characterization and Prediction of Different Prognostic Risks in Ovarian Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653357. [PMID: 33968933 PMCID: PMC8102990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the highest case-fatality rate among women, the molecular pathological alterations of ovarian cancer (OV) are complex, depending on the diversity of genomic alterations. Increasing evidence supports that immune infiltration in tumors is associated with prognosis. Therefore, we aim to assess infiltration in OV using multiple methods to capture genomic signatures regulating immune events to identify reliable predictions of different outcomes. A dataset of 309 ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma patients with overall survival >90 days from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed. Multiple estimations and clustering methods identified and verified two immune clusters with component differences. Functional analyses pointed out immune-related alterations underlying internal genomic variables potentially. After extracting immune genes from a public database, the LASSO Cox regression model with 10-fold cross-validation was used for selecting genes associated with overall survival rate significantly, and a risk score model was then constructed. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses among cohorts were performed systematically to evaluate prognostic efficiency among the risk score model and other clinical pathological parameters, establishing a predictive ability independently. Furthermore, this risk score model was compared among identified signatures in previous studies and applied to two external cohorts, showing better prediction performance and generalization ability, and also validated as robust in association with immune cell infiltration in bulk tissues. Besides, a transcription factor regulation network suggested upper regulatory mechanisms in OV. Our immune risk score model may provide gyneco-oncologists with predictive values for the prognosis and treatment management of patients with OV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Xu H. Effects of Hypoxia in Intestinal Tumors on Immune Cell Behavior in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645320. [PMID: 33737938 PMCID: PMC7962475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imbalanced nutritional supply and demand in the tumor microenvironment often leads to hypoxia. The subtle interaction between hypoxia and immune cell behavior plays an important role in tumor occurrence and development. However, the functional relationship between hypoxia and the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the intestinal tumor microenvironment. Method We extracted the names of hypoxia-related genes from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database and screened them for those associated with colorectal cancer prognosis, with the final list including ALDOB, GPC1, ALDOC, and SLC2A3. Using the sum of the expression levels of these four genes, provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and the expression coefficients, we developed a hypoxia risk score model. Using the median risk score value, we divided the patients in the two databases into high- and low-risk groups. GSEA was used to compare the enrichment differences between the two groups. We used the CIBERSORT computational method to analyze immune cell infiltration. Finally, the correlation between these five genes and hypoxia was analyzed. Result The prognosis of the two groups differed significantly, with a higher survival rate in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. We found that the different risk groups were enriched by immune-related and inflammatory pathways. We identified activated M0 macrophages in TCGA and GEO databases and found that CCL2/4/5, and CSF1 contributed toward the increased infiltration rate of this immune cell type. Finally, we observed a positive correlation between the five candidate genes’ expression and the risk of hypoxia, with significant differences in the level of expression of each of these genes between patient risk groups. Conclusion Overall, our data suggest that hypoxia is associated with the prognosis and rate of immune cell infiltration in patients with colorectal cancer. This finding may improve immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yachen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weidan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meng X, Wu Y, Bu W. Functional CT Contrast Nanoagents for the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000912. [PMID: 32691929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the detailed tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to achieve effective treatment of tumor, because TME has an extremely profound influence on the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumor. It is of great significance to realize accurate diagnosis of the TME by using functional computed tomography (CT) contrast nanoagents (FCTNAs). Here, an overview of FCTNAs that respond to the overexpressed receptors, acidic microenvironment, overexpressed glutathione and enzymes, and hypoxia in tumor is provided, and also prospects the advance of novel spectral CT technique to detect the TME precisely. Utilizing FCTNAs is expected to achieve accurate monitoring of the TME and further provide guidance for the effective personalized tumor treatment in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Prasad S, Chandra A, Cavo M, Parasido E, Fricke S, Lee Y, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Del Mercato LL. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:062001. [PMID: 33065554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gagliardi A, Giuliano E, Venkateswararao E, Fresta M, Bulotta S, Awasthi V, Cosco D. Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:601626. [PMID: 33613290 PMCID: PMC7887387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.601626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have favored the development of novel colloidal formulations able to modulate the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. The peculiar physico-chemical and technological properties of nanomaterial-based therapeutics have allowed for several successful applications in the treatment of cancer. The size, shape, charge and patterning of nanoscale therapeutic molecules are parameters that need to be investigated and modulated in order to promote and optimize cell and tissue interaction. In this review, the use of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery systems of anticancer compounds, their physico-chemical properties and their ability to be efficiently localized in specific tumor tissues have been described. The nanoencapsulation of antitumor active compounds in polymeric systems is a promising approach to improve the efficacy of various tumor treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Giuliano
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eeda Venkateswararao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nannan L, Oudart JB, Monboisse JC, Ramont L, Brassart-Pasco S, Brassart B. Extracellular Vesicle-Dependent Cross-Talk in Cancer-Focus on Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1456. [PMID: 32974169 PMCID: PMC7466446 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes and shed microvesicles are generated by many different cells. However, among all the cells, cancer cells are now recognized to secrete more EVs than healthy cells. Tumor-derived EVs can be isolated from biofluids such as blood, urine, ascitic fluid, and saliva. Their numerous components (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) possess many pleiotropic functions involved in cancer progression. The tumor-derived EVs generated under the influence of tumor microenvironment play distant roles and promote cellular communication by directly interacting with different cells. Moreover, they modulate extracellular matrix remodeling and tumor progression. Tumor-derived EVs are involved in pre-metastatic niche formation, dependent on the EV-associated protein receptors, and in cancer chemoresistance as they transfer drug-resistance-related genes to recipient cells. Recent advances in preclinical and clinical fields suggest their potential use as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as for drug delivery in cancer. In this Review, we discuss EV characteristics and pro-tumor capacities, and highlight the future crucial impact of tumor-derived EVs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Nannan
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.,Biomedical MRI Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Oudart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.,CHU Reims, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Jean Claude Monboisse
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.,CHU Reims, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.,CHU Reims, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Sylvie Brassart-Pasco
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Bertrand Brassart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Enhancing the Value of Histopathological Assessment of Allograft Biopsy Monitoring. Transplantation 2020; 103:1306-1322. [PMID: 30768568 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional histopathological allograft biopsy evaluation provides, within hours, diagnoses, prognostic information, and mechanistic insights into disease processes. However, proponents of an array of alternative monitoring platforms, broadly classified as "invasive" or "noninvasive" depending on whether allograft tissue is needed, question the value proposition of tissue histopathology. The authors explore the pros and cons of current analytical methods relative to the value of traditional and illustrate advancements of next-generation histopathological evaluation of tissue biopsies. We describe the continuing value of traditional histopathological tissue assessment and "next-generation pathology (NGP)," broadly defined as staining/labeling techniques coupled with digital imaging and automated image analysis. Noninvasive imaging and fluid (blood and urine) analyses promote low-risk, global organ assessment, and "molecular" data output, respectively; invasive alternatives promote objective, "mechanistic" insights by creating gene lists with variably increased/decreased expression compared with steady state/baseline. Proponents of alternative approaches contrast their preferred methods with traditional histopathology and: (1) fail to cite the main value of traditional and NGP-retention of spatial and inferred temporal context available for innumerable objective analyses and (2) belie an unfamiliarity with the impact of advances in imaging and software-guided analytics on emerging histopathology practices. Illustrative NGP examples demonstrate the value of multidimensional data that preserve tissue-based spatial and temporal contexts. We outline a path forward for clinical NGP implementation where "software-assisted sign-out" will enable pathologists to conduct objective analyses that can be incorporated into their final reports and improve patient care.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu Q, Huang Z, Duan Y, Fu Z, Bin Liu. Reprogramming Tumor Microenvironment with Photothermal Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1268-1278. [PMID: 32271563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment significantly influences cancer progression and therapeutic response. Reprogramming of tumor microenvironment has emerged as a strategy to assist conventional cancer treatment. In recent years, photothermal therapy has received considerable attention owing to its noninvasiveness, high temporal-spatial resolution, and minimal drug resistance. Apart from ablating cancer cells by generating heat upon light irradiation, photothermal therapy can also affect the tumor microenvironment, such as disrupting the tumor extracellular matrix and tumor vasculature. Moreover, cancer cell death by hyperthermia could potentially activate the immune system to fight against tumor. In this topical review, we focus on the recent progress of photothermal therapy based on tumor microenvironment remodeling, aiming to better guide the design of nanoparticles for cancer photoimmunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zemin Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yukun Duan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Roma-Rodrigues C, Pombo I, Raposo L, Pedrosa P, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Nanotheranostics Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:197. [PMID: 31475143 PMCID: PMC6703081 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered the most aggressive malignancy to humans, and definitely the major cause of death worldwide. Despite the different and heterogenous presentation of the disease, there are pivotal cell elements involved in proliferation, differentiation, and immortalization, and ultimately the capability to evade treatment strategies. This is of utmost relevance when we are just beginning to grasp the complexity of the tumor environment and the molecular "evolution" within. The tumor micro-environment (TME) is thought to provide for differentiation niches for clonal development that results in tremendous cancer heterogeneity. To date, conventional cancer therapeutic strategies against cancer are failing to tackle the intricate interplay of actors within the TME. Nanomedicine has been proposing innovative strategies to tackle this TME and the cancer cells that simultaneously provide for biodistribution and/or assessment of action. These nanotheranostics systems are usually multi-functional nanosystems capable to carry and deliver active cargo to the site of interest and provide diagnostics capability, enabling early detection, and destruction of cancer cells in a more selective way. Some of the most promising multifunctional nanosystems are based on gold nanoparticles, whose physic-chemical properties have prompt for the development of multifunctional, responsive nanomedicines suitable for combinatory therapy and theranostics. Herein, we shall focus on the recent developments relying on the properties of gold nanoparticles as the basis for nanotheranostics systems against the heterogeneity within the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brown E, Brunker J, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic imaging as a tool to probe the tumour microenvironment. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/7/dmm039636. [PMID: 31337635 PMCID: PMC6679374 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex cellular ecosystem subjected to chemical and physical signals that play a role in shaping tumour heterogeneity, invasion and metastasis. Studying the roles of the TME in cancer progression would strongly benefit from non-invasive visualisation of the tumour as a whole organ in vivo, both preclinically in mouse models of the disease, as well as in patient tumours. Although imaging techniques exist that can probe different facets of the TME, they face several limitations, including limited spatial resolution, extended scan times and poor specificity from confounding signals. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality, currently in clinical trials, that has the potential to overcome these limitations. Here, we review the biological properties of the TME and potential of existing imaging methods that have been developed to analyse these properties non-invasively. We then introduce PAI and explore the preclinical and clinical evidence that support its use in probing multiple features of the TME simultaneously, including blood vessel architecture, blood oxygenation, acidity, extracellular matrix deposition, lipid concentration and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we highlight the future prospects and outstanding challenges in the application of PAI as a tool in cancer research and as part of a clinical oncologist's arsenal. Summary: This Review details the potential of photoacoustic imaging to visualise features of the tumour microenvironment such as blood vessels, hypoxia, fibrosis and immune infiltrate to provide unprecedented insight into tumour biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Qi J, Hu X, Dong X, Lu Y, Lu H, Zhao W, Wu W. Towards more accurate bioimaging of drug nanocarriers: turning aggregation-caused quenching into a useful tool. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:206-225. [PMID: 31158405 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the current challenges in the monitoring of drug nanocarriers lies in the difficulties in discriminating the carrier-bound signals from the bulk signals of probes. Environment-responsive probes that enable signal switching are making steps towards a solution to this problem. Aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), a phenomenon generally regarded as unfavorable in bioimaging, has turned out to be a promising characteristic for achieving environment-responsiveness and eliminating free-probe interference. So-called ACQ probes emit fluorescence when dispersed molecularly within the carrier matrix but quench immediately and absolutely once they are released into the ambient aqueous environment upon the degradation of the nanocarriers. Therefore, the fluorescence observed represents integral nanocarriers. Based on this rationale, the in vivo fates of various nanocarriers have been explored using live imaging equipment, with very interesting findings revealing the role of the particles. The current applications are however restricted to nanocarriers with highly hydrophobic matrices (lipid or polyester nanoparticles) or with a hydrophobic core-hydrophilic shell structure (micelles). The ACQ-based bioimaging strategy is emerging as a promising tool to achieve more accurate bioimaging of drug nanocarriers. This review article provides an overview of the ACQ phenomenon and the rationale for and examples of applications, as well as the limitations of the ACQ-based strategy, with a focus on improving the accuracy of bioimaging of nanoparticles.
Collapse
|
29
|
Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040840. [PMID: 30781344 PMCID: PMC6413095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from different anatomical locations, common features can be found in the TME maturation of epithelial-derived tumors. Genetic alterations in tumor cells result in hyperplasia, uncontrolled growth, resistance to apoptosis, and metabolic shift towards anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). These events create hypoxia, oxidative stress and acidosis within the TME triggering an adjustment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a response from neighbor stromal cells (e.g., fibroblasts) and immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages), inducing angiogenesis and, ultimately, resulting in metastasis. Exosomes secreted by TME cells are central players in all these events. The TME profile is preponderant on prognosis and impacts efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Hence, a big effort has been made to develop new therapeutic strategies towards a more efficient targeting of TME. These efforts focus on: (i) therapeutic strategies targeting TME components, extending from conventional therapeutics, to combined therapies and nanomedicines; and (ii) the development of models that accurately resemble the TME for bench investigations, including tumor-tissue explants, “tumor on a chip” or multicellular tumor-spheroids.
Collapse
|