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Pandya AK, Vora LK, Umeyor C, Surve D, Patel A, Biswas S, Patel K, Patravale VB. Polymeric in situ forming depots for long-acting drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115003. [PMID: 37422267 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric in situ forming depots have emerged as highly promising drug delivery systems for long-acting applications. Their effectiveness is attributed to essential characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to form a stable gel or solid upon injection. Moreover, they provide added versatility by complementing existing polymeric drug delivery systems like micro- and nanoparticles. The formulation's low viscosity facilitates manufacturing unit operations and enhances delivery efficiency, as it can be easily administered via hypodermic needles. The release mechanism of drugs from these systems can be predetermined using various functional polymers. To enable unique depot design, numerous strategies involving physiological and chemical stimuli have been explored. Important assessment criteria for in situ forming depots include biocompatibility, gel strength and syringeability, texture, biodegradation, release profile, and sterility. This review focuses on the fabrication approaches, key evaluation parameters, and pharmaceutical applications of in situ forming depots, considering perspectives from academia and industry. Additionally, insights about the future prospects of this technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019, India; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Chukwuebuka Umeyor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019, India; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 422001, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Dhanashree Surve
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Akanksha Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Ketankumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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Núñez RYG, Córdova KRG, de Carvalho YK. Tridimensional models and radiographic study of dorsal laminectomy and thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e382623. [PMID: 37556719 PMCID: PMC10403244 DOI: 10.1590/acb382623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To create three-dimensional anatomical models of the thoracic and lumbar portions of the canine spine that reproduce the vertebral surgical approaches of dorsal laminectomy and hemilaminectomy, and to perform the respective radiographic evaluations of each approach. METHODS In a digital archive of the canine spine, digitally replicate the dorsal laminectomy and hemilaminectomy in the thoracic and lumbar portions and, then, make tridimensional prints of the vertebral models and obtain radiographs in three dorsoventral, ventrodorsal and laterolateral projections. RESULTS The anatomical models of the surgical spinal canal accesses of the thoracic and lumbar portions showed great fidelity to the natural bones. The created accesses have the proper shape, location and size, and their radiographic images showed similar radiodensities. CONCLUSIONS The replicas of the dorsal laminectomy and hemilaminectomy developed in the anatomical models in the thoracic and lumbar portions are able to represent the technical recommendations of the specialized literature, as well as their respective radiographic images, which have certain radiological properties that allow to make a deep radiological study. Therefore, the models are useful for neurosurgical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ysaac García Núñez
- Universidade Federal do Acre – Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production – Rio Branco (AC), Brazil
| | | | - Yuri Karaccas de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Acre – Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza – Rio Branco (AC), Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária – Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária – Niterói (RJ), Brazil
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Salunkhe S, Murali AP, Mohammed Abdel Moneam H, Naranje V, Shanmugam R. 3D printing of plant fiber reinforced polymer composites (PFRC’s): an insight into methods, challenges and opportunities. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2133612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Salunkhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Arun Prasad Murali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Hussein Mohammed Abdel Moneam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Mechanical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ragavanantham Shanmugam
- Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Technology, School of Engineering, Mathematics and Technology, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, New Mexico, USA
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Khotmungkhun K, Prathumwan R, Chotiyasilp A, Watcharasresomroeng B, Subannajui K. Mechanical property of pixel extrusion and pin forming for polymer, ceramic, and metal formation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12871. [PMID: 36711282 PMCID: PMC9879782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid material fabrications in pixel shape were mechanically studied in comparison with FDM and STL 3D printing technique. The pixel extrusion technique was the extrusion with a set of holes in the die. By controlling the flow of each hole in the die, the shape could be adjustable. The pixel molding technique composed of a set of pins. By adjusting the length of pin inside the mold, the shape of cavity could be designed. Compared to 3D printing which requires the material deposition with 2D scanning for several layers, 3D material fabrication by pixel extrusion and pixel molding were much faster; however, their resolutions were still much worse compared to 3D printing at the moment. SEM, Tensile test, flexural test, including hardness were used to observe the properties of pixel extrusion and pixel molding. The pixel molding technique was also used to fabricate many materials to compare the properties such as cement, iron, and silica. Apparently, materials could be formed and mechanical properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittikhun Khotmungkhun
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Material Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rat Prathumwan
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Material Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Arkorn Chotiyasilp
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Material Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Kittitat Subannajui
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Material Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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Funk NL, Fantaus S, Beck RCR. Immediate release 3D printed oral dosage forms: How different polymers have been explored to reach suitable drug release behaviour. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122066. [PMID: 35926751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been gaining attention as a new technological approach to obtain immediate release (IR) dosage forms. The versatility conferred by 3D printing techniques arises from the suitability of using different polymeric materials in the production of solids with different porosities, geometries, sizes, and infill patterns. The appropriate choice of polymer can facilitate in reaching IR specifications and afford other specific properties to 3D printed solid dosage forms. This review aims to provide an overview of the polymers that have been employed in the development of IR 3D printed dosage forms, mainly considering their in vitro drug release behaviour. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the IR 3D printed dosage forms will also be discussed, together with the manufacturing process strategies. Up to now, methacrylic polymers, cellulosic polymers, vinyl derivatives, glycols and different polymeric blends have been explored to produce IR 3D printed dosage forms. Their effects on drug release profiles are critically discussed here, giving a complete overview to drive formulators towards a rational choice of polymeric material and thus contributing to future studies in 3D printing of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lysyk Funk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stephani Fantaus
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Pugalendhi A, Ranganathan R. A review of additive manufacturing applications in ophthalmology. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:1146-1162. [PMID: 34176362 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211028069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) capabilities in terms of product customization, manufacture of complex shape, minimal time, and low volume production those are very well suited for medical implants and biological models. AM technology permits the fabrication of physical object based on the 3D CAD model through layer by layer manufacturing method. AM use Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), and 3D scanning images and these data are converted into surface tessellation language (STL) file for fabrication. The applications of AM in ophthalmology includes diagnosis and treatment planning, customized prosthesis, implants, surgical practice/simulation, pre-operative surgical planning, fabrication of assistive tools, surgical tools, and instruments. In this article, development of AM technology in ophthalmology and its potential applications is reviewed. The aim of this study is nurturing an awareness of the engineers and ophthalmologists to enhance the ophthalmic devices and instruments. Here some of the 3D printed case examples of functional prototype and concept prototypes are carried out to understand the capabilities of this technology. This research paper explores the possibility of AM technology that can be successfully executed in the ophthalmology field for developing innovative products. This novel technique is used toward improving the quality of treatment and surgical skills by customization and pre-operative treatment planning which are more promising factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivazhagan Pugalendhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Ranganathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Obeid S, Madžarević M, Krkobabić M, Ibrić S. Predicting drug release from diazepam FDM printed tablets using deep learning approach: Influence of process parameters and tablet surface/volume ratio. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120507. [PMID: 33766640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply artificial neural networks as deep learning tools in establishing a model for understanding and prediction of diazepam release from fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed tablets. Diazepam printed tablets of various shapes were created by a computer-aided design (CAD) program and prepared by fused deposition modeling using previously prepared polyvinyl alcohol/diazepam filaments via hot-melt extrusion. The surface to volume ratio (SA/V) for each shape was calculated. Printing parameters were varied including infill density (20%, 70% and 100%) and infill pattern (line and zigzag). Influence of tablet SA/V ratio and printing parameters (infill density and infill pattern) on the release of diazepam from printed tablets were modeled using self-organizing maps (SOM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). SOM as an unsupervised neural network was used for visualizing interrelation among the data, whereas MLP was used for the prediction of drug release properties. MLP had three layers (with structure 2-3-5) and was trained using back propagation algorithm. Input parameters for the modeling were: infill density and SA/V ratio; while output parameters were percent of drug release in five time points. The data set for network training was divided into training, validation and test sets. The dissolution rate increased with higher SA/V ratio, lower infill density (less than 50%) and zigzag infill pattern. The established ANN model was tested; calculated f 2 factors for two tested formulations (70.24 and 77.44) showed similarity between experimentally observed and predicted drug release profiles. Trained MLP network was able to predict drug release behavior as a function of infill density and SA/Vol ratio, as established design space for formulated 3D printed diazepam tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Madžarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Krkobabić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Henry S, Samaro A, Marchesini FH, Shaqour B, Macedo J, Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C. Extrusion-based 3D printing of oral solid dosage forms: Material requirements and equipment dependencies. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120361. [PMID: 33571622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based 3D printing is steadily gaining importance as a manufacturing technique due to its flexibility and wide range of possible end-products. In the medical field, the technique is being exploited for a variety of applications and one of these is the production of personalised medicines. However, despite many proof-of-concept studies, more thorough insights in the production technique itself and the required material properties are needed before 3D printing can be fully exploited in a hospital or pharmacy setting. This research aims at clarifying the complex interplay between material properties, process parameters and printer-dependent variables. A variety of different polymers and polymer-drug blends were extruded (diameter 1.75±0.05 mm) and characterised in terms of mechanical, thermal and rheological properties. These properties, together with the processing temperature, printing speeds and different nozzle diameters of the 3D printer were linked to the quality of the end-product. Different failure mechanisms (mechanical, thermal) were assessed. Decisive material parameters (e.g. cross-over point) for optimal printing behaviour and the importance of printer construction (nozzle diameter) were clarified. In general, this study offers insight into the 3D printing process and will help to speed up future pharmaceutical formulation development for printlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henry
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Samaro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F H Marchesini
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - B Shaqour
- Voxdale bv, Bijkhoevelaan 32C, 2110 Wijnegem, Belgium; Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Macedo
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Fiedor P, Ortyl J. A New Approach to Micromachining: High-Precision and Innovative Additive Manufacturing Solutions Based on Photopolymerization Technology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2951. [PMID: 32630285 PMCID: PMC7372441 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The following article introduces technologies that build three dimensional (3D) objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, also called additive manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, most important features supporting the conscious choice of 3D printing methods for applications in micro and nanomanufacturing are covered. The micromanufacturing method covers photopolymerization-based methods such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), the liquid crystal display-DLP coupled method, two-photon polymerization (TPP), and inkjet-based methods. Functional photocurable materials, with magnetic, conductive, or specific optical applications in the 3D printing processes are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Fiedor
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
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An Overview of 3D Printing Technologies for Soft Materials and Potential Opportunities for Lipid-based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 2018; 36:4. [PMID: 30406349 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapidly growing additive manufacturing process and it is predicted that the technology will transform the production of goods across numerous fields. In the pharmaceutical sector, 3DP has been used to develop complex dosage forms of different sizes and structures, dose variations, dose combinations and release characteristics, not possible to produce using traditional manufacturing methods. However, the technology has mainly been focused on polymer-based systems and currently, limited information is available about the potential opportunities for the 3DP of soft materials such as lipids. METHODS This review paper emphasises the most commonly used 3DP technologies for soft materials such as inkjet printing, binder jetting, selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM) and semi-solid extrusion, with the current status of these technologies for soft materials in biological, food and pharmaceutical applications. RESULT The advantages of 3DP, particularly in the pharmaceutical field, are highlighted and an insight is provided about the current studies for lipid-based drug delivery systems evaluating the potential of 3DP to fabricate innovative products. Additionally, the challenges of the 3DP technologies associated with technical processing, regulatory and material issues of lipids are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION The future utility of 3DP for printing soft materials, particularly for lipid-based drug delivery systems, offers great advantages and the technology will potentially support patient compliance and drug effectiveness via a personalised medicine approach.
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