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Zeng P, Yang F, Chen Z, Wei Y, Cao A, Wen L, Zhong S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Li Y. Antielectric Potential Synthesis of Plasmonic Au-Ag Multidimensional Dimers Array for High-Resolution Encrypted Information. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3793-3800. [PMID: 38484388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Plasmonic superstructures hold great potential in encrypted information chips but are still unsatisfactory in terms of resolution and maneuverability because of the limited fabrication strategies. Here, we develop an antielectric potential method in which the interfacial energy from the modification of 5-amino-2-mercapto benzimidazole (AMBI) ligand is used to overcome the electric resistance between the Au nanospheres (NSs) and substrate, thereby realizing the in situ growth of a Au-Ag heterodimers array in large scale. The morphology, number, and size of Ag domains on Au units can be controlled well by modulating the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics. Experiments and theoretical simulations reveal that patterned 3D Au-2D Ag and 3D Au-3D Ag dimer arrays with line widths of 400 nm exhibit cerulean and cyan colors, respectively, and achieve fine color modulation and ultrahigh information resolution. This work not only develops a facile strategy for fabricating patterned plasmonic superstructures but also pushes the plasmon-based high-resolution encrypted information chip into more complex applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zeng
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - An Cao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wen
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Shichuan Zhong
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yue Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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Cebi E, Lee J, Subramani VK, Bak N, Oh C, Kim KK. Cryo-electron microscopy-based drug design. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1342179. [PMID: 38501110 PMCID: PMC10945328 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1342179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure-based drug design (SBDD) has gained popularity owing to its ability to develop more potent drugs compared to conventional drug-discovery methods. The success of SBDD relies heavily on obtaining the three-dimensional structures of drug targets. X-ray crystallography is the primary method used for solving structures and aiding the SBDD workflow; however, it is not suitable for all targets. With the resolution revolution, enabling routine high-resolution reconstruction of structures, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a promising alternative and has attracted increasing attention in SBDD. Cryo-EM offers various advantages over X-ray crystallography and can potentially replace X-ray crystallography in SBDD. To fully utilize cryo-EM in drug discovery, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of this technique and noting the key advancements in the field are crucial. This review provides an overview of the general workflow of cryo-EM in SBDD and highlights technical innovations that enable its application in drug design. Furthermore, the most recent achievements in the cryo-EM methodology for drug discovery are discussed, demonstrating the potential of this technique for advancing drug development. By understanding the capabilities and advancements of cryo-EM, researchers can leverage the benefits of designing more effective drugs. This review concludes with a discussion of the future perspectives of cryo-EM-based SBDD, emphasizing the role of this technique in driving innovations in drug discovery and development. The integration of cryo-EM into the drug design process holds great promise for accelerating the discovery of new and improved therapeutic agents to combat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changsuk Oh
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yu S, Yuan B. Improving the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasound switchable fluorescence imaging. J Biophotonics 2024:e202300533. [PMID: 38430212 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging, a hybrid imaging technology that combines the advantages of both fluorescence sensitivity and acoustic resolution in centimeter-deep tissue, has great potential for biomedical different applications. A camera-based USF imaging system reveals its capability of capturing both spatial and temporal dynamics of the USF signal in tissue. In this study, various algorithms were explored to enhance the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of USF images, utilizing temporal and spatial information from a camera-based time-domain USF imaging system. The correlation method proved effective in boosting SNR, while the ascending-slope-weighted method enhanced spatial resolution. Additionally, the spatially back-projection method significantly improved spatial resolution in silicone phantoms. The results underscore the advantages of incorporating temporal and spatial information from USF signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yu
- Ultrasound and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Ultrasound and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Yun SD, Küppers F, Shah NJ. Submillimeter fMRI Acquisition Techniques for Detection of Laminar and Columnar Level Brain Activation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:747-766. [PMID: 37589385 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first demonstration in the early 1990s, functional MRI (fMRI) has emerged as one of the most powerful, noninvasive neuroimaging tools to probe brain functions. Subsequently, fMRI techniques have advanced remarkably, enabling the acquisition of functional signals with a submillimeter voxel size. This innovation has opened the possibility of investigating subcortical neural activities with respect to the cortical depths or cortical columns. For this purpose, numerous previous works have endeavored to design suitable functional contrast mechanisms and dedicated imaging techniques. Depending on the choice of the functional contrast, functional signals can be detected with high sensitivity or with improved spatial specificity to the actual activation site, and the pertaining issues have been discussed in a number of earlier works. This review paper primarily aims to provide an overview of the subcortical fMRI techniques that allow the acquisition of functional signals with a submillimeter resolution. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of the imaging techniques will be described and compared. We also summarize supplementary imaging techniques that assist in the analysis of the subcortical brain activation for more accurate mapping with reduced geometric deformation. This review suggests that there is no single universally accepted method as the gold standard for subcortical fMRI. Instead, the functional contrast and the corresponding readout imaging technique should be carefully determined depending on the purpose of the study. Due to the technical limitations of current fMRI techniques, most subcortical fMRI studies have only targeted partial brain regions. As a future prospect, the spatiotemporal resolution of fMRI will be pushed to satisfy the community's need for a deeper understanding of whole-brain functions and the underlying connectivity in order to achieve the ultimate goal of a time-resolved and layer-specific spatial scale. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Dae Yun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabian Küppers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Zhang X, Hu H, Qie Y, Lin L, Guo T, Li F. Boosting the Efficiency of High-Resolution Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Devices Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38416428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
With pixel miniaturization, the performance of high-resolution quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) usually degrades. Considering the dimension of ultrasmall pixels, herein, a barrier architecture based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that promotes the radiative recombination of neighboring quantum dots is rationally designed to improve the device performance. Au nanoparticles (NPs) are embedded in an insulating polymer to form a honeycomb-patterned barrier layer via the nanoimprint process. Each pixel fabricated in the void area (average diameter of 1.5 μm) of the barrier layer is surrounded by a number of LSPR-NPs to enhance the luminescence. The resultant green QLEDs with a resolution of 9027 pixels per inch show a maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.1%, a 42.8% enhancement compared to the control device. Additionally, the lifetime of high-resolution QLEDs is obviously improved by the LSPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Qie
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Lin
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Wu F, Meng F, Zhang G, Wang R, Yang Y, Cui J, He C, Jia L, Zhang W. A High-Resolution 3D Ultrasound Imaging System Oriented towards a Specific Application in Breast Cancer Detection Based on a 1 × 256 Ring Array. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:209. [PMID: 38398937 PMCID: PMC10891686 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and development of a high-resolution 3D ultrasound imaging system based on a 1 × 256 piezoelectric ring array, achieving an accuracy of 0.1 mm in both ascending and descending modes. The system achieves an imaging spatial resolution of approximately 0.78 mm. A 256 × 32 cylindrical sensor array and a digital phantom of breast tissue were constructed using the k-Wave toolbox. The signal is acquired layer by layer using 3D acoustic time-domain simulation, resulting in the collection of data from each of the 32 layers. The 1 × 256 ring array moves on a vertical trajectory from the chest wall to the nipple at a constant speed. A data set was collected at intervals of 1.5 mm, resulting in a total of 32 data sets. Surface rendering and volume rendering algorithms were used to reconstruct 3D ultrasound images from the volume data obtained via simulation so that the smallest simulated reconstructed lesion had a diameter of 0.3 mm. The reconstructed three-dimensional image derived from the experimental data exhibits the contour of the breast model along with its internal mass. Reconstructable dimensions can be achieved up to approximately 0.78 mm. The feasibility of applying the system to 3D breast ultrasound imaging has been demonstrated, demonstrating its attributes of resolution, precision, and exceptional efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Renxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jiangong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Changde He
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Licheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (F.W.); (F.M.); (G.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Al Hadra B, Lukanov T, Mihaylova A, Naumova E. High-resolution characterization of KIR genes polymorphism in healthy subjects from the Bulgarian population-A pilot study. HLA 2024; 103:e15341. [PMID: 38180282 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Although killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene content has been widely studied in health and disease, with the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology the high-resolution characterization of this complex gene region has become achievable. KIR allele-level diversity has lately been described across human populations. The present study aimed to analyze for the first time the allele-level polymorphism of nine KIR genes in 155 healthy, unrelated individuals from the Bulgarian population by applying NGS. The highest degree of polymorphism was detected for the KIR3DL3 gene with 40 observed alleles at five-digit resolution in total, 22 of which were common. On the other hand, the KIR3DS1 gene was found to have the lowest degree of polymorphism among the studied KIR genes with one common allele: KIR3DS1*01301 (31.6%). To better understand KIR allelic associations and patterns in Bulgarians, we have estimated the pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) for the 10 KIR loci, where KIR2DL3*00501 allele was found in strong LD with KIR2DL1*00101 (D' = 1.00, R2 = 0.742). This is the first study investigating KIR polymorphism at the allele level in a population from the South-East European region. Considering the effect of the populationally shaped KIR allelic polymorphism on NK cell function, this data could lead to a better understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of this region and can be carried into clinical practice by improvement of the strategies taken for NK-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Al Hadra
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelin Lukanov
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastasiya Mihaylova
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elissaveta Naumova
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Huang Z, Zheng Y, Li J, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhou ZK, Chen L. High-Resolution Metalens Imaging Polarimetry. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 38018700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Imaging polarimeters find many critical applications in applications ranging from remote sensing to biological detection. Metasurfaces have been proposed as a compact approach for imaging polarimeters, but prior strategies suffer from low imaging resolution. Here, we propose an interleaved metalens configuration for polarization imaging where three-row metasurface units within a group individually interact with three pairs of orthogonal polarization channels. The optical paths between the object and adjacent three-row metasurfaces are nearly equal, allowing the construction of a metalens polarimeter with an unlimited numerical aperture (NA), which is beneficial for high-resolution polarization imaging. The metalens polarimeter fabricated by crystalline silicon nanostructures has a NA of 0.51 at 632.8 nm and achieves an imaging resolution of up to a 1.2-fold wavelength. Polarimetric microscopy experiments demonstrate that metalens polarimeters can realize high-resolution polarization imaging for various microscopic samples. This study offers a promising solution for high-resolution metasurface polarization imaging, with the potential for widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Cheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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Ashraf MR, Krimmer J, Zalavri L, Gu X, Wang L, Chuang CF. Angular correction methodology and characterization of a high-resolution CMOS array for patient specific quality assurance on a robotic arm linac. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2023; 24:e14110. [PMID: 37528747 PMCID: PMC10647992 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an angular correction methodology and characterize a high-resolution complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) array for patient specific quality assurance on a robotic arm linear accelerator. METHODS Beam path files from the treatment planning software (TPS) were used to calculate the angle of radiation beam with respect to the detector plane. Beams from multiple discrete angles were delivered to the CMOS detector array and an angular dependency look up table (LUT) was created. The LUT was then used to correct for the angular dependency of the detector. An iso-centric 5 mm fixed cone, non iso-centric multi-target fixed cone, 10 mm Iris and a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) based collimated plan were delivered to the phantom and compared to the TPS with and without angular correction applied. Additionally, the CMOS array was compared to gafchromic film and a diode array. RESULTS Large errors of up to 30% were observed for oblique angles. When angular correction was applied, the gamma passing rate increased from 99.2% to 100% (average gamma value decreased from 0.29 to 0.14) for the 5-mm iso-centric cone plan. Similarly, the passing rate increased from 84.0% to 100% for the Iris plan and from 49.98% to 98.4% for the MLC plan when angular correction was applied. For the multi-target plan, applying angular correction improved the gamma passing rate from 94% to 99.6%. The 5 mm iso-centric fixed cone plan was also delivered to film, and the gamma passing rate was 91.3% when using gafchromic film as the reference dataset, whereas the diode array provided insufficient sampling for this plan. CONCLUSION A methodology of calculating the beam angle based on the beam path files was developed and validated. The array was demonstrated to be superior to other quality assurance tools because of its sub-millimeter spatial resolution and immediate read out of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laszlo Zalavri
- Department of Radiation OncologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xuejun Gu
- Department of Radiation OncologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
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Li J, Hao J, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang X. Fourier Ptychographic Microscopic Reconstruction Method Based on Residual Hybrid Attention Network. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7301. [PMID: 37631836 PMCID: PMC10458985 DOI: 10.3390/s23167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a novel technique for computing microimaging that allows imaging of samples such as pathology sections. However, due to the influence of systematic errors and noise, the quality of reconstructed images using FPM is often poor, and the reconstruction efficiency is low. In this paper, a hybrid attention network that combines spatial attention mechanisms with channel attention mechanisms into FPM reconstruction is introduced. Spatial attention can extract fine spatial features and reduce redundant features while, combined with residual channel attention, it adaptively readjusts the hierarchical features to achieve the conversion of low-resolution complex amplitude images to high-resolution ones. The high-resolution images generated by this method can be applied to medical cell recognition, segmentation, classification, and other related studies, providing a better foundation for relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoli Wang
- Electrical and Electronic Teaching Center, Electronics Information Engineering College, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
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11
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Rajagopal JR, Schwartz FR, Solomon JB, Enterline DS, Samei E. High Spatial-Resolution Skull Base Imaging With Photon-Counting Computed Tomography and Energy-Integrating Computed Tomography: A Comparative Phantom Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2023; 47:613-620. [PMID: 37380149 PMCID: PMC10356746 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) offers better high-resolution and noise performance than energy integrating detector (EID) CT. In this work, we compared both technologies for imaging of the temporal bone and skull base. A clinical PCCT system and 3 clinical EID CT scanners were used to image the American College of Radiology image quality phantom using a clinical imaging protocol with matched CTDI vol (CT dose index-volume) of 25 mGy. Images were used to characterize the image quality of each system across a series of high-resolution reconstruction options. Noise was calculated from the noise power spectrum, whereas resolution was quantified with a bone insert by calculating a task transfer function. Images of an anthropomorphic skull phantom and 2 patient cases were examined for visualization of small anatomical structures. Across measured conditions, PCCT had a comparable or smaller average noise magnitude (120 Hounsfield units [HU]) to the EID systems (144-326 HU). Photon-counting CT also had comparable resolution (task transfer function f25 : 1.60 mm -1 ) to the EID systems (1.34-1.77 mm -1 ). Imaging results supported quantitative findings as PCCT more clearly showed the 12-lp/cm bars from the fourth section of the American College of Radiology phantom and better represented the vestibular aqueduct and oval and round windows when compared with the EID scanners. A clinical PCCT system was able to image the temporal bone and skull base with improved spatial resolution and lower noise than clinical EID CT systems at matched dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasai R. Rajagopal
- Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fides R. Schwartz
- Duke University Health System, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
| | - Justin B. Solomon
- Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
| | - David S. Enterline
- Duke University Health System, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
| | - Ehsan Samei
- Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
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12
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Pais-Roldán P, Yun SD, Palomero-Gallagher N, Shah NJ. Cortical depth-dependent human fMRI of resting-state networks using EPIK. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1151544. [PMID: 37274214 PMCID: PMC10232833 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1151544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent laminar-fMRI studies have substantially improved understanding of the evoked cortical responses in multiple sub-systems; in contrast, the laminar component of resting-state networks spread over the whole brain has been less studied due to technical limitations. Animal research strongly suggests that the supragranular layers of the cortex play a critical role in maintaining communication within the default mode network (DMN); however, whether this is true in this and other human cortical networks remains unclear. Methods Here, we used EPIK, which offers unprecedented coverage at sub-millimeter resolution, to investigate cortical broad resting-state dynamics with depth specificity in healthy volunteers. Results Our results suggest that human DMN connectivity is primarily supported by intermediate and superficial layers of the cortex, and furthermore, the preferred cortical depth used for communication can vary from one network to another. In addition, the laminar connectivity profile of some networks showed a tendency to change upon engagement in a motor task. In line with these connectivity changes, we observed that the amplitude of the low-frequency-fluctuations (ALFF), as well as the regional homogeneity (ReHo), exhibited a different laminar slope when subjects were either performing a task or were in a resting state (less variation among laminae, i.e., lower slope, during task performance compared to rest). Discussion The identification of varied laminar profiles concerning network connectivity, ALFF, and ReHo, observed across two brain states (task vs. rest) has major implications for the characterization of network-related diseases and suggests the potential diagnostic value of laminar fMRI in psychiatric disorders, e.g., to differentiate the cortical dynamics associated with disease stages linked, or not linked, to behavioral changes. The evaluation of laminar-fMRI across the brain encompasses computational challenges; nonetheless, it enables the investigation of a new dimension of the human neocortex, which may be key to understanding neurological disorders from a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pais-Roldán
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Seong Dae Yun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 1, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN–Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Ding G, Li H, Feng X. Detecting the visual word form area in a bilingual brain. Trends Cogn Sci 2023:S1364-6613(23)00120-1. [PMID: 37198088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a millimeter-scale fMRI technique and individual-based analysis, Zhan and colleagues drew a new cortical map of the visual word form area (VWFA) and examined how it processes diverse languages among different bilinguals. This research advances the current understanding of cortical language organization in the bilingual brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hehui Li
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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14
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Cadang L, Tam CYJ, Moore BN, Fichtl J, Yang F. A Highly Efficient Workflow for Detecting and Identifying Sequence Variants in Therapeutic Proteins with a High Resolution LC-MS/MS Method. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083392. [PMID: 37110623 PMCID: PMC10144261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large molecule protein therapeutics have steadily grown and now represent a significant portion of the overall pharmaceutical market. These complex therapies are commonly manufactured using cell culture technology. Sequence variants (SVs) are undesired minor variants that may arise from the cell culture biomanufacturing process that can potentially affect the safety and efficacy of a protein therapeutic. SVs have unintended amino acid substitutions and can come from genetic mutations or translation errors. These SVs can either be detected using genetic screening methods or by mass spectrometry (MS). Recent advances in Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology have made genetic testing cheaper, faster, and more convenient compared to time-consuming low-resolution tandem MS and Mascot Error Tolerant Search (ETS)-based workflows which often require ~6 to 8 weeks data turnaround time. However, NGS still cannot detect non-genetic derived SVs while MS analysis can do both. Here, we report a highly efficient Sequence Variant Analysis (SVA) workflow using high-resolution MS and tandem mass spectrometry combined with improved software to greatly reduce the time and resource cost associated with MS SVA workflows. Method development was performed to optimize the high-resolution tandem MS and software score cutoff for both SV identification and quantitation. We discovered that a feature of the Fusion Lumos caused significant relative under-quantitation of low-level peptides and turned it off. A comparison of common Orbitrap platforms showed that similar quantitation values were obtained on a spiked-in sample. With this new workflow, the amount of false positive SVs was decreased by up to 93%, and SVA turnaround time by LC-MS/MS was shortened to 2 weeks, comparable to NGS analysis speed and making LC-MS/MS the top choice for SVA workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Cadang
- Pharma Technical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chi Yan Janet Tam
- Pharma Technical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Juergen Fichtl
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Feng Yang
- Pharma Technical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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15
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Tayal S, Tiwari S, Mehta DS. Label-free high-resolution white light quantitative phase nanoscopy system. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200298. [PMID: 36602467 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-resolution white light quantitative phase nanoscopy (WLQPN) system that can be utilized to visualize nanoparticles and subcellular features of the biological specimens. The five-phase shifting technique, along with deconvolution, is adopted to obtain super-resolution in phase imaging. The phase shifting technique can provide full detector resolution, making it beneficial as compared to the well-known Fourier analysis method. The Fourier transform method requires minimum angle of sin - 1 3 f x λ , where f x is maximum achievable spatial frequency. It limits the highest achievable resolution to much below the actual diffraction limit of the system. Thus, to obtain a high-resolution phase map of the biological specimen, a two-step process is adopted. First, the phase map is recovered using the five-phase shifting algorithm, with full detector spatial resolution. Second, the complex field is obtained from the recovered phase map and further processed using the Richardson Lucy total variation deconvolution algorithm to obtain super-resolution phase images. The present technique was tested on 1951 USAF resolution chart, 200 nm polystyrene beads and Escherichia coli bacteria using a 50×, 0.55NA objective lens. The 200 nm polystyrene beads are visually resolvable and subcellular features of the E. coli bacteria are also observed, suggesting a significant improvement in the resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Tayal
- Bio-photonics and Green Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubham Tiwari
- Bio-photonics and Green Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Dalip Singh Mehta
- Bio-photonics and Green Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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16
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Marton N, Gyebnar J, Fritsch K, Majnik J, Nagy G, Simon J, Müller V, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Maurovich-Horvat P. Photon-counting computed tomography in the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: an initial experience. Diagn Interv Radiol 2023; 29:291-299. [PMID: 36987949 PMCID: PMC10679703 DOI: 10.4274/dir.2023.221959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) accounts for a significant proportion of mortality and morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the performance of novel photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in the detection of pulmonary parenchymal involvement. METHODS Sixty-one patients with RA without a previous definitive diagnosis of ILD underwent high-resolution (HR) (0.4 mm slice thickness) and ultra-high-resolution (UHR) (0.2 mm slice thickness) PCDCT examination. The extent of interstitial abnormalities [ground-glass opacity (GGO), reticulation, bronchiectasis, and honeycombing] were scored in each lobe using a Likert-type scale. Total ILD scores were calculated as the sum of scores from all lobes. RESULTS Reticulation and bronchiectasis scores were higher in the UHR measurements taken compared with the HR protocol [median (quartile 1, quartile 3): 2 (0, 3.5) vs. 0 (0, 3), P < 0.001 and 2 (0, 2) vs. 0 (0, 2), P < 0.001, respectively]; however, GGO and honeycombing scores did not differ [2 (2, 4) vs. 2 (2, 4), P = 0.944 and 0 (0, 0) vs. 0 (0, 0), P = 0.641, respectively]. Total ILD scores from both HR and UHR scans showed a mild negative correlation in diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (HR: r = -0.297, P = 0.034; UHR: r = -0.294, P = 0.036). The pattern of lung parenchymal involvement did not differ significantly between the two protocols. The HR protocol had significantly lower volume CT dose index [0.67 (0.69, 1.06) mGy], total dose length product [29 (24.48, 33.2) mGy*cm] compared with UHR scans [8.18 (6.80, 9.23) mGy, P < 0.001 and 250 (218, 305) mGy*cm, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION UHR PCD-CT provides more detailed information on ILD in patients with RA than low-dose HR PCDCT. HR PCD-CT image acquisition with a low effective radiation dose may serve as a valuable, low-radiation screening tool in the selection of patients for further, higher-dose UHR PCD-CT screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Marton
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Gyebnar
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fritsch
- Department of Rheumatology, Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Majnik
- Department of Rheumatology, Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology, Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Simon
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Domonkos Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Oncologic Imaging and Invasive Diagnostic Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Laszlo Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Oncologic Imaging and Invasive Diagnostic Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pal Maurovich-Horvat
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Seo M, Park H, Lee S, Ko GB, Lee JS. Depth-of-interaction positron emission tomography detector with 45° tilted silicon photomultipliers using dual-ended signal readout. Med Phys 2023. [PMID: 36907664 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) systems are widely used in molecular imaging research and drug development. There is also growing interest in organ-dedicated clinical PET systems. In these small-diameter PET systems, the measurement of the depth-of-interaction (DOI) of annihilation photons in scintillation crystals allows for the correction of parallax error in PET system, leading to an improvement on the spatial resolution uniformity. The DOI information is also useful for improving the timing resolution of PET system as it enables the correction of DOI-dependent time walk in the arrival time difference measurement of annihilation photon pairs. The dual-ended readout scheme is one of the most widely investigated DOI measurement methods, which collects visible photons using a pair of photosensors located at both ends of the scintillation crystal. Although the dual-ended readout allows for simple and accurate DOI estimation, it requires twice the number of photosensors compared to the single-ended readout scheme. PURPOSE To effectively reduce the number of photosensors in a dual-ended readout scheme, we propose a novel PET detector configuration that employs 45° tilted and sparsely arranged silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). In this configuration, the angle between the scintillation crystal and SiPM is 45°. Therefore, and thus, the diagonal of the scintillation crystal matches one of the lateral sides of the SiPM. Accordingly, it allows for the use of SiPM device larger than the scintillation crystal, thereby improving light collection efficiency with a higher fill factor and reducing SiPM quantity. In addition, all scintillation crystals can achieve more uniform performance than other dual-ended readout methods with a sparse SiPM arrangement because 50% of the scintillation crystal cross section is commonly in contact with the SiPM. METHODS To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed concept, we implemented a PET detector that employs a 4 × ${\rm{\;}} \times \;$ 4 LSO block with a single crystal dimension of 3.03 × 3.03 × 20 mm3 and a 45° tilted SiPM array. The 45° tilted SiPM array consists of 2 × 3 SiPM elements at the top ("Top SiPM") and 3 × 2 SiPM elements at the bottom ("Bottom SiPM"). Each crystal element of the 4 × 4 LSO block is optically coupled with each quarter section of the Top SiPM and Bottom SiPM pair. To characterize the performance of the PET detector, the energy, DOI, and timing resolution were measured for all 16 crystals. The energy data was obtained by summing all the charges from the Top SiPMs and Bottom SiPMs, and the DOI resolution was measured by irradiating the side of the crystal block at five different depths (2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 mm). The timing was estimated by averaging the arrival time of the annihilation photons measured at the Top SiPMs and Bottom SiPMs (Method 1). The DOI-dependent time-walk effect was further corrected by using DOI information and statistical variations in the trigger times at the Top SiPMs and Bottom SiPMs (Method 2). RESULTS The average DOI resolution of the proposed PET detector was 2.5 mm, thereby resolving the DOI at five different depths, and the average energy resolution was 16% full width at half maximum (FWHM). When Methods 1 and 2 were applied, the coincidence timing resolutions were 448 and 411 ps FWHM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We expect that our novel low-cost PET detector design with 45° tilted SiPMs and a dual-ended readout scheme would be a suitable solution for constructing a high-resolution PET system with DOI encoding capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haewook Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungeun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guen Bae Ko
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brightonix Imaging Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brightonix Imaging Inc., Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Lee MJ, Lee HN, Lee GE, Han ST, Kang DW, Yang JR. CMOS Detector Staggered Array Module for Sub-Terahertz Imaging on Conveyor Belt System. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23031232. [PMID: 36772271 PMCID: PMC9920622 DOI: 10.3390/s23031232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detector array is proposed to improve the sub-terahertz imaging resolution for objects in the conveyor belt system. The image resolution is limited to the implemented configuration, such as the wide spacing in the detector array, the high conveyor belt speed, and the slow response of the signal conditioning block. The proposed array can improve the image resolution in the direction perpendicular to the movement of the belt, which is determined by the size and interval of the detector pixel, by configuring the array into two replaceable columns located at the misaligned horizontal positions. Replaceable detector unit pixels are individually attached to the motherboard after measuring and evaluating the detection performance to construct the proposed array. The intensities of 32 detector pixels placed under the conveyor belt with a width of 160 mm were initially calibrated in every image, including the beam pattern of 0.2 THz signals generated from the gyrotron. The image resolution of the perpendicular direction obtained from the proposed array was measured to be approximately 5 mm at a conveyor belt speed of 16 mm/s, demonstrating a 200% improvement in resolution compared to the conventional linear array under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Neul Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Han
- Electrophysics Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Kang
- AI Compact SoC Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ryul Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Laferriere-Holloway TS, Rios A, Lu Y, Okoro CC, van Dam RM. A rapid and systematic approach for the optimization of radio thin-layer chromatography resolution. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463656. [PMID: 36463649 PMCID: PMC9894532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceutical analysis is limited by conventional methods. Radio-HPLC may be inaccurate for some compounds (e.g., 18F-radiopharmaceuticals) due to radionuclide sequester. Radio-TLC is simpler, faster, and detects all species but has limited resolution. Imaging-based readout of TLC plates (e.g., using Cerenkov luminescence imaging) can improve readout resolution, but the underlying chromatographic separation efficiency may be insufficient to resolve chemically similar species such as product and precursor-derived impurities. This study applies a systematic mobile phase optimization method, PRISMA, to improve radio-TLC resolution. The PRISMA method optimizes the mobile phase by selecting the correct solvent, optimizing solvent polarity, and optimizing composition. Without prior knowledge of impurities and by simply observing the separation resolution between a radiopharmaceutical and its nearest radioactive or non-radioactive impurities (observed via UV imaging) for different mobile phases, the PRISMA method enabled the development of high-resolution separation conditions for a wide range of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals ( [18F]PBR-06, [18F]FEPPA, [18F]Fallypride, [18F]FPEB, and [18F]FDOPA). Each optimization required a single batch of crude radiopharmaceutical and a few hours. Interestingly, the optimized TLC method provided greater accuracy (compared to other published TLC methods) in determining the product abundance of one radiopharmaceutical studied in more depth ( [18F]Fallypride) and was capable of resolving a comparable number of species as isocratic radio-HPLC. We used the PRISMA-optimized mobile phase for [18F]FPEB in combination with multi-lane radio-TLC techniques to evaluate reaction performance during high-throughput synthesis optimization of [18F]FPEB. The PRISMA methodology, in combination with high-resolution radio-TLC readout, enables a rapid and systematic approach to achieving high-resolution and accurate analysis of radiopharmaceuticals without the need for radio-HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Laferriere-Holloway
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alejandra Rios
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yingqing Lu
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea C Okoro
- Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Shi H, Li T, Liu Z, Zhao J, Qi F. Early detection of gastric cancer via high-resolution terahertz imaging system. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1052069. [PMID: 36588946 PMCID: PMC9794757 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1052069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) wave has demonstrated a good prospect in recent years, but the resolution is still one of the problems that restrict the application of THz technology in medical imaging. Paraffin-embedded samples are mostly used in THz medical imaging studies, which are thicker and significantly different from the current gold standard slice pathological examination in sample preparation. In addition, THz absorption in different layers of normal and cancerous tissues also remains to be further explored. In this study, we constructed a high-resolution THz imaging system to scan non-tumorous adjacent tissue slices and gastric cancer (GC) tissue slices. In this system, a THz quantum cascade laser emitted a pulsed 3 THz signal and the transmitted THz wave was received by a THz detector implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. The slice thickness was only 20 μm, which was close to that of the medical pathology examination. We successfully found THz transmittance differences between different layers of normal gastric tissues based on THz images, and the resolution could reach 60 μm for the first time. The results indicated that submucosa had a lower THz transmittance than that of mucosa and muscular layer in non-tumorous adjacent tissue. However, in GC tissue, THz transmittance of mucosa and submucosa was similar, caused by the decreased transmittance of mucosa, where the cancer occurs. Therefore, we suppose that the similar terahertz transmittance between gastric mucosa and submucosa may indicate the appearance of cancerization. The images obtained from our THz imaging system were clearer than those observed with naked eyes, and can be directly compared with microscopic images. This is the first application of THz imaging technology to identify non-tumorous adjacent tissue and GC tissue based on the difference in THz wave absorption between different layers in the tissue. Our present work not only demonstrated the potential of THz imaging to promote early diagnosis of GC, but also suggested a new direction for the identification of normal and cancerous tissues by analyzing differences in THz transmittance between different layers of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Tenghui Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Terahertz Imaging and Sensing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junhua Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Feng Qi, ; Junhua Zhao,
| | - Feng Qi
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Terahertz Imaging and Sensing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Feng Qi, ; Junhua Zhao,
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Zhou D, Zhao P, Zhang J, Jiang X, Qin S, Zhang X, Jiang R, Deng Y, Jiang H, Zhan G, Luo Y, Ma H, Wang L. Lithographic Multicolor Patterning on Hybrid Perovskites for Nano-Optoelectronic Applications. Small 2022; 18:e2205227. [PMID: 36285770 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin hybrid perovskites, with exotic properties and two-dimensional geometry, exhibit great potential in nanoscale optical and optoelectronic devices. However, it is still challenging for them to be compatible with high-resolution patterning technology toward miniaturization and integration applications, as they can be readily damaged by the organic solvents used in standard lithography processes. Here, a flexible three-step method is developed to make high-resolution multicolor patterning on hybrid perovskite, particularly achieved on a single nanosheet. The process includes first synthesis of precursor PbI2 , then e-beam lithography and final conversion to target perovskite. The patterns with linewidth around 150 nm can be achieved, which can be applied in miniature optoelectronic devices and high-resolution displays. As an example, the channel length of perovskite photodetectors can be down to 126 nm. Through deterministic vapor-phase anion exchange, a perovskite nanosheet can not only gradually alter the color of the same pattern in a wide wavelength range, but also display different colors simultaneously. The authors are optimistic that the method can be applied for unlimited perovskite types and device configurations for their high-integrated miniature applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhou
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Junran Zhang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Sichen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ran Jiang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yifan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Hanjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Guixiang Zhan
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Huifang Ma
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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22
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Šulc L, Gregor P, Kalina J, Mikeš O, Janoš T, Čupr P. City-scale assessment of long-term air quality impacts on the respiratory and cardiovascular health. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1006536. [PMID: 36438287 PMCID: PMC9687097 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1006536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of the urban environment on human health is a contemporary subject of environmental research. Air pollution is often considered a leading environmental driver. However, a plethora of other factors within the urban exposome may be involved. At the same time, the resolution of spatial data is also an important facet to consider. Generally, systematic tools for accurate health risk assessment in the urban environment are missing or are not implemented. Methods The long-term impact of air quality (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, benzene, and SO2) on respiratory and cardiovascular health was assessed with a log-linear model. We used the most accurate health data in high city scale spatial resolution over the period 2010 to 2018. Selected external exposome parameters were also included in the analysis. Results Statistically significant associations between air pollution and the health of the urban population were found. The strongest association was between benzene and the incidence of bronchitis in the adult population [RR 1.552 95% CI (1.415-1.704) per 0.5 μg/m3 change in benzene concentration]. A similar relation was observed between NO2 and the same health condition [RR 1.483 95% CI (1.227-1.792) per 8.9 μg/m3 of change in NO2]. Other weaker associations were also found between asthma in children and PMs, NO2, or benzene. Cardiovascular-related hospitalizations in the general population were linked with NO2 [RR 1.218 95% CI (1.119-1.325) per 9.7 μg/m3 change in NO2]. The remaining pollutants were slightly less but still significantly associated with cardiovascular-related hospitalizations. Conclusion Our findings are mostly highly statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) and are in line with current literature on the adverse effects of air pollution on the human population. The results highlight the need for continual improvements in air quality. We propose the implementation of this approach as a systematic tool for the investigation of possible health risks over a long period of time. However, further research involving other variables is an essential step toward understanding the complex urban exposome and its implications for human health. An increase in data spatial resolution is especially important in this respect as well as for improving city health risk management.
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23
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Calder S, Schamberg G, Varghese C, Waite S, Sebaratnam G, Woodhead JST, Du P, Andrews C, O'Grady G, Gharibans AA. An automated artifact detection and rejection system for body surface gastric mapping. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14421. [PMID: 35699347 PMCID: PMC9786272 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) is a new clinical tool for gastric motility diagnostics, providing high-resolution data on gastric myoelectrical activity. Artifact contamination was a key challenge to reliable test interpretation in traditional electrogastrography. This study aimed to introduce and validate an automated artifact detection and rejection system for clinical BSGM applications. METHODS Ten patients with chronic gastric symptoms generated a variety of artifacts according to a standardized protocol (176 recordings) using a commercial BSGM system (Alimetry, New Zealand). An automated artifact detection and rejection algorithm was developed, and its performance was compared with a reference standard comprising consensus labeling by 3 analysis experts, followed by comparison with 6 clinicians (3 untrained and 3 trained in artifact detection). Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss' kappa. KEY RESULTS Inter-rater reliability was 0.84 (95% CI:0.77-0.90) among experts, 0.76 (95% CI:0.68-0.83) among untrained clinicians, and 0.71 (95% CI:0.62-0.79) among trained clinicians. The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm against experts was 96% (95% CI:91%-100%) and 95% (95% CI:90%-99%), respectively, vs 77% (95% CI:68%-85%) and 99% (95% CI:96%-100%) against untrained clinicians, and 97% (95% CI:92%-100%) and 88% (95% CI:82%-94%) against trained clinicians. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES An automated artifact detection and rejection algorithm was developed showing >95% sensitivity and specificity vs expert markers. This algorithm overcomes an important challenge in the clinical translation of BSGM and is now being routinely implemented in patient test interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Varghese
- Department of SurgeryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering InstituteThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Christopher N. Andrews
- Alimetry LtdAucklandNew Zealand,Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Greg O'Grady
- Alimetry LtdAucklandNew Zealand,Department of SurgeryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Auckland Bioengineering InstituteThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Armen A. Gharibans
- Alimetry LtdAucklandNew Zealand,Department of SurgeryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Auckland Bioengineering InstituteThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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24
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Lee BJ, Hsiao K, Lipkowitz G, Samuelsen T, Tate L, DeSimone JM. Characterization of a 30 µm pixel size CLIP-based 3D printer and its enhancement through dynamic printing optimization. Addit Manuf 2022; 55:102800. [PMID: 35602181 PMCID: PMC9121862 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Resolving microscopic and complex 3D polymeric structures while maintaining high print speeds in additive manufacturing has been challenging. To achieve print precision at micrometer length scales for polymeric materials, most 3D printing technologies utilize the serial voxel printing approach that has a relatively slow print speed. Here, a 30-µm-resolution continuous liquid interface production (CLIP)-based 3D printing system for printing polymeric microstructures is described. This technology combines the high-resolution from projection microstereolithography and the fast print speed from CLIP, thereby achieving micrometer print resolution at x103 times faster than other high-resolution 3D printing technologies. Print resolutions in both lateral and vertical directions were characterized, and the printability of minimum 30 µm features in 2D and 3D has been demonstrated. Through dynamic printing optimization, a method that varies the print parameters (e.g. exposure time, UV intensity, and dark time) for each print layer, overhanging struts at various thicknesses spanning 1 order of magnitude (25 µm - 200 µm) in a single print are resolvable. Taken together, this work illustrates that the micro-CLIP 3D printing technology, in combination with dynamic printing optimization, has the high resolution needed to enable manufacturing of exquisitely detailed and gradient 3D structures, such as terraced microneedle arrays and micro-lattice structures, while maintaining high print speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Lee
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- These authors contributed equally (Brian J Lee, Kaiwen Hsiao)
| | - Kaiwen Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- These authors contributed equally (Brian J Lee, Kaiwen Hsiao)
| | - Gabriel Lipkowitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Tim Samuelsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Lee Tate
- Digital Light Innovations, Austin, TX, 78728
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
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25
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Stuart MB, Davies M, Hobbs MJ, Pering TD, McGonigle AJS, Willmott JR. High-Resolution Hyperspectral Imaging Using Low-Cost Components: Application within Environmental Monitoring Scenarios. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22124652. [PMID: 35746433 PMCID: PMC9227882 DOI: 10.3390/s22124652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution hyperspectral imaging is becoming indispensable, enabling the precise detection of spectral variations across complex, spatially intricate targets. However, despite these significant benefits, currently available high-resolution set-ups are typically prohibitively expensive, significantly limiting their user base and accessibility. These limitations can have wider implications, limiting data collection opportunities, and therefore our knowledge, across a wide range of environments. In this article we introduce a low-cost alternative to the currently available instrumentation. This instrument provides hyperspectral datasets capable of resolving spectral variations in mm-scale targets, that cannot typically be resolved with many existing low-cost hyperspectral imaging alternatives. Instrument metrology is provided, and its efficacy is demonstrated within a mineralogy-based environmental monitoring application highlighting it as a valuable addition to the field of low-cost hyperspectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B. Stuart
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, UK; (M.B.S.); (M.D.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Matthew Davies
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, UK; (M.B.S.); (M.D.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Matthew J. Hobbs
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, UK; (M.B.S.); (M.D.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Tom D. Pering
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (T.D.P.); (A.J.S.M.)
| | - Andrew J. S. McGonigle
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (T.D.P.); (A.J.S.M.)
| | - Jon R. Willmott
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, UK; (M.B.S.); (M.D.); (M.J.H.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Hiscox LV, McGarry MDJ, Johnson CL. Evaluation of cerebral cortex viscoelastic property estimation with nonlinear inversion magnetic resonance elastography. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 35316794 PMCID: PMC9208651 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac5fde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the brain has shown promise as a sensitive neuroimaging biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders; however, the accuracy of performing MRE of the cerebral cortex warrants investigation due to the unique challenges of studying thinner and more complex geometries.Approach. A series of realistic, whole-brain simulation experiments are performed to examine the accuracy of MRE to measure the viscoelasticity (shear stiffness,μ, and damping ratio, ξ) of cortical structures predominantly effected in aging and neurodegeneration. Variations to MRE spatial resolution and the regularization of a nonlinear inversion (NLI) approach are examined.Main results. Higher-resolution MRE displacement data (1.25 mm isotropic resolution) and NLI with a low soft prior regularization weighting provided minimal measurement error compared to other studied protocols. With the optimized protocol, an average error inμand ξ was 3% and 11%, respectively, when compared with the known ground truth. Mid-line structures, as opposed to those on the cortical surface, generally display greater error. Varying model boundary conditions and reducing the thickness of the cortex by up to 0.67 mm (which is a realistic portrayal of neurodegenerative pathology) results in no loss in reconstruction accuracy.Significance. These experiments establish quantitative guidelines for the accuracy expected ofin vivoMRE of the cortex, with the proposed method providing valid MRE measures for future investigations into cortical viscoelasticity and relationships with health, cognition, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy V Hiscox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America.,Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D J McGarry
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
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27
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Zhou X, Cai Y, Xu M, Li J, Sheng C, Zhang Q, Qiu X, Wang W, Xiong S, Cong C, Qiu ZJ, Liu R, Hu L. Dewetting-Assisted Patterning of Organic Semiconductors for Micro-OLED Arrays with a Pixel Size of 1 µm. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2101509. [PMID: 35170861 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of near-eye displays, such as head-mounted displays, is triggering a requirement for highly enhanced display resolution. High-resolution micro-displays with micro-organic light-emitting diodes (micro-OLEDs) can be a preferential candidate, owing to the mature industrialization of OLEDs along with the advantages of flexibility, light weight, and ease of processing. However, micro-OLEDs with pixel sizes down to micrometers are difficult to be achieved using conventional techniques such as fine metal mask evaporation and lithography. Here, a solution-processing approach to pattern organic semiconductors (OSCs) for micro-OLED arrays with the assistance of templated dewetting is demonstrated. Solvents containing organic functional materials are dewetted on the surface with hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns to form ordered droplet arrays using dip-coating. Subsequently, patterned OSC films are produced by effectively controlling solvent evaporation. Micro-OLED arrays with a pixel size down to 1 µm are successfully fabricated by further deposition of emitting/electron transport layers and top electrodes. This approach can open an avenue for low-cost manufacturing of flexible and high-resolution micro-displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Cai
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Sheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyi Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinxia Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenchong Wang
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shisheng Xiong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu City, Zhejiang, 322000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Laigui Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Bosch CM, Baumann C, Dehghani S, Sommersperger M, Johannigmann-Malek N, Kirchmair K, Maier M, Nasseri MA. A Tool for High-Resolution Volumetric Optical Coherence Tomography by Compounding Radial-and Linear Acquired B-Scans Using Registration. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1135. [PMID: 35161880 DOI: 10.3390/s22031135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging modality that is commonly used to diagnose retinal diseases. In recent years, linear and radial scanning patterns have been proposed to acquire three-dimensional OCT data. These patterns show differences in A-scan acquisition density across the generated volumes, and thus differ in their suitability for the diagnosis of retinal diseases. While radial OCT volumes exhibit a higher A-scan sampling rate around the scan center, linear scans contain more information in the peripheral scan areas. In this paper, we propose a method to combine a linearly and radially acquired OCT volume to generate a single compound volume, which merges the advantages of both scanning patterns to increase the information that can be gained from the three-dimensional OCT data. We initially generate 3D point clouds of the linearly and radially acquired OCT volumes and use an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) variant to register both volumes. After registration, the compound volume is created by selectively exploiting linear and radial scanning data, depending on the A-scan density of the individual scans. Fusing regions from both volumes with respect to their local A-scan sampling density, we achieve improved overall anatomical OCT information in a high-resolution compound volume. We demonstrate our method on linear and radial OCT volumes for the visualization and analysis of macular holes and the surrounding anatomical structures.
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29
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Li K, Hurt J, Whelan CD, Challa R, Lin D, Zhang B. BioInfograph: An Online Tool to Design and Display Multi-Panel Scientific Figure Interactively. Front Genet 2022; 12:784531. [PMID: 35069687 PMCID: PMC8766334 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.784531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fit-for-purpose bioinformatics tools generate plots to interpret complex biological data and illustrate findings. However, assembling individual plots in different formats from various sources into one high-resolution figure in the desired layout requires mastery of commercial tools or even programming skills. In addition, it is a time-consuming and sometimes frustrating process even for a computationally savvy scientist who frequently takes a trial-and-error iterative approach to get satisfactory results. To address the challenge, we developed bioInfograph, a web-based tool that allows users to interactively arrange high-resolution images in diversified formats, mainly Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), to produce one multi-panel publication-quality composite figure in both PDF and HTML formats in a user-friendly manner, requiring no programming skills. It solves stylesheet conflicts of coexisting SVG plots, integrates a rich-text editor, and allows creative design by providing advanced functionalities like image transparency, controlled vertical stacking of plots, versatile image formats, and layout templates. To highlight, the sharable interactive HTML output with zoom-in function is a unique feature not seen in any other similar tools. In the end, we make the online tool publicly available at https://baohongz.github.io/bioInfograph while releasing the source code at https://github.com/baohongz/bioInfograph under MIT open-source license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Li
- Translational Biology, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Hurt
- Translational Biology, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Ravi Challa
- Translational Biology, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Translational Biology, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Translational Biology, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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30
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Pannemans J, Vanuytsel T, Pauwels A, Rommel N, De Schepper H, Lam TJ, Thys A, Tack J. High-resolution colonic manometry interobserver analysis trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14285. [PMID: 34843634 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colonic high-resolution manometry (HRM) is a novel, not widely used diagnostic method used in the final workup of chronic constipation before surgery. Since its introduction, different motor patterns have been defined. However, it remains to be established whether these patterns are easily and reproducibly identified by different investigators. METHODS The primary aim of this study was to determine agreement for motor pattern identification with HRM. To calculate the interobserver agreement (IOA), the Fleiss's kappa statistic for multiple observers was used. Seven participants analyzed 106 one-min time frames, derived from five measurements in healthy volunteers and five in patients with chronic constipation. The time frames were chosen to show a variety and combination of motor patterns consisting of short antegrade, short retrograde, cyclic anterograde, cyclic retrograde, long antegrade, long retrograde, slow retrograde motor pattern, high-amplitude propagating motor patterns, and pancolonic pressurizations. All of the measurements were performed with a solid-state colonic HRM catheter, comprising 40 pressure sensors spaced 2.5 cm apart. RESULTS A median of 10.25 h (range 6-20) were required to analyze all time frames. High-amplitude propagating contractions achieved an almost perfect level of agreement (k = 0.91). Several motor patterns achieved substantial agreement; these included the short antegrade (k = 0.63), long antegrade (k = 0.68), cyclic retrograde (k = 0.70), slow retrograde motor pattern (k = 0.80), and abdominal pressure or movement artifacts (k = 0.67). Moderate agreement was found for short retrograde (k = 0.57), cyclic anterograde (k = 0.59), long retrograde motor patterns (k = 0.59) and simultaneous pressure waves (k = 0.59). CONCLUSION For the majority of motor patterns, the overall IOA for colonic manometry was substantial or high. This high level of agreement supports the use of colonic manometry application in clinical and research settings. Harmonization has the potential to improve agreement for long anterograde motor patterns with high amplitudes and for mixed direction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Pannemans
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ans Pauwels
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Belgium
| | | | - Heiko De Schepper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tze J Lam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Thys
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jiang J, Zhou X, Liu J, Pan L, Pan Z, Zou F, Li Z, Li F, Ma X, Geng C, Zuo J, Li X. Optical Fiber Bundle-Based High-Speed and Precise Micro-Scanning for Image High-Resolution Reconstruction. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 22:127. [PMID: 35009670 PMCID: PMC8747347 DOI: 10.3390/s22010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose an imaging method based on optical fiber bundle combined with micro-scanning technique for improving image quality without complex image reconstruction algorithms. In the proposed method, a piezoelectric-ceramic-chip is used as the micro-displacement driver of the optical fiber bundle, which has the advantages of small volume, fast response speed and high precision. The corresponding displacement of the optical fiber bundle can be generated by precise voltage controlling. An optical fiber bundle with core/cladding diameter 4/80 μm and hexagonal arrangement is used to scan the 1951 USAF target. The scanning step is 1 μm, which is equivalent to the diffraction limit resolution of the optical system. The corresponding information is recorded at high speed through photo-detectors and a high-resolution image is obtained by image stitching processing. The minimum distinguishable stripe width of the proposed imaging technique with piezoelectric-ceramic-chip driven micro-scanning is approximately 2.1 μm, which is 1 time higher than that of direct imaging with a CCD camera whose pixel size is close to the fiber core size. The experimental results indicate that the optical fiber bundle combined with piezoelectric-ceramic-chip driven micro-scanning is a high-speed and high-precision technique for high-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Jiang
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Likang Pan
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziting Pan
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Zou
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Chengdu Institute, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China;
| | - Chao Geng
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.P.); (Z.P.); (F.Z.); (Z.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
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Meng Y, Mo Z, Hao J, Peng Y, Yan H, Mu J, Ma D, Zhang X, Li Y. High-resolution intravascular magnetic resonance imaging of the coronary artery wall at 3.0 Tesla: toward evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:4522-4529. [PMID: 34737920 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To validate the feasibility of generating high-resolution intravascular 3.0 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging of the coronary artery wall to further plaque imaging. Methods A receive-only 0.014-inch diameter magnetic resonance imaging guidewire (MRIG) was manufactured for intravascular imaging within a phantom experiment and the coronary artery wall of the swine. For coronary artery wall imaging, both high-resolution images and conventional resolution images were acquired. A 16-channel commercial surface coil for magnetic resonance imaging was employed for the control group. Results For the phantom experiment, the MRIG showed a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the surface coil. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of the MRIG and the surface coil-generated imaging were 213.6 and 19.8, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio decreased rapidly as the distance from the MRIG increased. For the coronary artery wall experiment, the vessel wall imaging by the MRIG could be identified clearly, whereas the vessel wall imaging by the surface coil was blurred. The average signal-to-noise ratio of the artery wall was 21.1±5.40 by the MRIG compared to 8.4±2.19 by the surface coil, where the resolution was set at 0.2 mm × 0.2 mm × 2 mm. As expected, the high-resolution sequence clearly showed more details than the conventional resolution sequence set at 0.7 mm × 0.7 mm × 2.0 mm. Histological examination showed no evidence of mechanical injuries in the target vessel walls. Conclusions The study validated the feasibility of generating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 0.2 mm × 0.2 mm × 2 mm for the coronary artery wall using a 0.014 inch MRIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Meng
- Department of MRI, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiguang Mo
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,The Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinying Hao
- Department of MRI, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yueyou Peng
- Department of MRI, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of MRI, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingbo Mu
- Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dengfeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,The Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
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Kang HG, Tashima H, Nishikido F, Akamatsu G, Wakizaka H, Higuchi M, Yamaya T. Initial results of a mouse brain PET insert with a staggered 3-layer DOI detector. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34666328 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Small animal positron emission tomography (PET) requires a submillimeter resolution for better quantification of radiopharmaceuticals. On the other hand, depth-of-interaction (DOI) information is essential to preserve the spatial resolution while maintaining the sensitivity. Recently, we developed a staggered 3-layer DOI detector with 1 mm crystal pitch and 15 mm total crystal thickness, but we did not demonstrate the imaging performance of the DOI detector with full ring geometry. In this study we present initial imaging results obtained for a mouse brain PET prototype developed with the staggered 3-layer DOI detector.Approach.The prototype had 53 mm inner diameter and 11 mm axial field-of-view. The PET scanner consisted of 16 DOI detectors each of which had a staggered 3-layer LYSO crystal array (4/4/7 mm) coupled to a 4 × 4 silicon photomultiplier array. The physical performance was evaluated in terms of the NEMA NU 4 2008 protocol.Main Results.The measured spatial resolutions at the center and 15 mm radial offset were 0.67 mm and 1.56 mm for filtered-back-projection, respectively. The peak absolute sensitivity of 0.74% was obtained with an energy window of 400-600 keV. The resolution phantom imaging results show the clear identification of a submillimetric rod pattern with the ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithm. The inter-crystal scatter rejection using a narrow energy window could enhance the resolvability of a 0.75 mm rod significantly.Significance.In an animal imaging experiment, the detailed mouse brain structures such as cortex and thalamus were clearly identified with high contrast. In conclusion, we successfully developed the mouse brain PET insert prototype with a staggered 3-layer DOI detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyu Kang
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tashima
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishikido
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Go Akamatsu
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Wakizaka
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Lipiec E, Sofińska K, Seweryn S, Wilkosz N, Szymonski M. Revealing DNA Structure at Liquid/Solid Interfaces by AFM-Based High-Resolution Imaging and Molecular Spectroscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:6476. [PMID: 34770895 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA covers the genetic information in all living organisms. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence the local structure of the DNA molecule or compromise its integrity. Detailed understanding of structural modifications of DNA resulting from interactions with other molecules and surrounding environment is of central importance for the future development of medicine and pharmacology. In this paper, we review the recent achievements in research on DNA structure at nanoscale. In particular, we focused on the molecular structure of DNA revealed by high-resolution AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) imaging at liquid/solid interfaces. Such detailed structural studies were driven by the technical developments made in SPM (Scanning Probe Microscopy) techniques. Therefore, we describe here the working principles of AFM modes allowing high-resolution visualization of DNA structure under native (liquid) environment. While AFM provides well-resolved structure of molecules at nanoscale, it does not reveal the chemical structure and composition of studied samples. The simultaneous information combining the structural and chemical details of studied analyte allows achieve a comprehensive picture of investigated phenomenon. Therefore, we also summarize recent molecular spectroscopy studies, including Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS), on the DNA structure and its structural rearrangements.
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Vargas LDB, Beltrame MH, Ho B, Marin WM, Dandekar R, Montero-Martín G, Fernández-Viña MA, Hurtado AM, Hill KR, Tsuneto LT, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Petzl-Erler ML, Hollenbach JA, Augusto DG. Remarkably low KIR and HLA diversity in Amerindians reveals signatures of strong purifying selection shaping the centromeric KIR region. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6388041. [PMID: 34633459 PMCID: PMC8763117 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules to regulate the cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of natural killer cells. KIR genes are encoded by a rapidly evolving gene family on chromosome 19 and present an unusual variation of presence and absence of genes and high allelic diversity. Although many studies have associated KIR polymorphism with susceptibility to several diseases over the last decades, the high-resolution allele-level haplotypes have only recently started to be described in populations. Here, we use a highly innovative custom next-generation sequencing method that provides a state-of-art characterization of KIR and HLA diversity in 706 individuals from eight unique South American populations: five Amerindian populations from Brazil (three Guarani and two Kaingang); one Amerindian population from Paraguay (Aché); and two urban populations from Southern Brazil (European and Japanese descendants from Curitiba). For the first time, we describe complete high-resolution KIR haplotypes in South American populations, exploring copy number, linkage disequilibrium, and KIR-HLA interactions. We show that all Amerindians analyzed to date exhibit the lowest numbers of KIR-HLA interactions among all described worldwide populations, and that 83-97% of their KIR-HLA interactions rely on a few HLA-C molecules. Using multiple approaches, we found signatures of strong purifying selection on the KIR centromeric region, which codes for the strongest NK cell educator receptors, possibly driven by the limited HLA diversity in these populations. Our study expands the current knowledge of KIR genetic diversity in populations to understand KIR-HLA coevolution and its impact on human health and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana de Brito Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcia H Beltrame
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Brenda Ho
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wesley M Marin
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Gonzalo Montero-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | | | - A Magdalena Hurtado
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kim R Hill
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Luiza T Tsuneto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Dukan R, Otayek S, Pierrart J, Otayek M, Silvera J, Masmejean EH. High-resolution sonographic study of the communicating branch of Berrettini: an anatomical feasibility study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2021; 46:738-742. [PMID: 33709817 DOI: 10.1177/1753193421999638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sensory changes are common manifestations of nerve complications of carpal tunnel surgery. Division or contusion of a superficial communicating branch between the median nerve and the ulnar nerve, the communicating branch of Berrettini, can explain these symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the potential value of high-resolution sonography to examine this branch. We conducted a study on eight fresh cadaver hands. An ultrasound assessment of the communicating branch of Berrettini, accompanied by an injection of methylene blue, was performed by a senior radiologist. Subsequent dissections confirmed that the eight guided ultrasound injections allowed the methylene blue to be placed around the origin and termination of the communicating branch of Berrettini. This study extends the limits of ultrasound both in the postoperative diagnosis of potential nerve complications and its possible use in ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Dukan
- Hand, Upper Limb & Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Salma Otayek
- Hand, Upper Limb & Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Paris, France.,Clinique Saint-Jean l'Ermitage, Melun, France
| | | | - Mansour Otayek
- Aspetar Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Emmanuel H Masmejean
- Hand, Upper Limb & Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Paris, France.,Clinique Blomet (Research Unit), Paris, France.,University of Paris Medical School, Paris, France
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Stockhoff M, Decuyper M, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S. High-resolution monolithic LYSO detector with 6-layer depth-of-interaction for clinical PET. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34261049 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The system spatial resolution of whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) is limited to around 2 mm due to positron physics and the large diameter of the bore. To stay below this 'physics'-limit a scintillation detector with an intrinsic spatial resolution of around 1.3 mm is needed. Currently used detector technology consists of arrays of 2.6-5 mm segmented scintillator pixels which are the dominant factor contributing to the system resolution. Pixelated detectors using smaller pixels exist but face major drawbacks in sensitivity, timing, energy resolution and cost. Monolithic continuous detectors, where the spatial resolution is determined by the shape of the light distribution on the photodetector array, are a promising alternative. Without having the drawbacks of pixelated detectors, monolithic ones can also provide depth-of-interaction (DOI) information. In this work we present a monolithic detector design aiming to serve high-resolution clinical PET systems while maintaining high sensitivity. A 50 × 50 × 16 mm3Lutetium-Yttrium oxyorthosilicate scintillation crystal with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) backside readout is calibrated in singles mode by a collimated beam obtaining a reference dataset for the event positioning. A mean nearest neighbour (MNN) algorithm and an artificial neural network for positioning are compared. The targeted intrinsic detector resolution of 1.3 mm needed to reach a 2 mm resolution on system level was accomplished with both algorithms. The neural network achieved a mean spatial resolution of 1.14 mm FWHM for the whole detector and 1.02 mm in the centre (30 × 30 mm2). The MNN algorithm performed slightly worse with 1.17 mm for the whole detector and 1.13 mm in the centre. The intrinsic DOI information will also result in uniform system spatial resolution over the full field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Stockhoff
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Milan Decuyper
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roel Van Holen
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Vandenberghe
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhang X, Yu H, Xie Q, Xie S, Ye B, Guo M, Zhao Z, Huang Q, Xu J, Peng Q. Design study of a PET detector with 0.5 mm crystal pitch for high-resolution preclinical imaging. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34130263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac0b82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) is a sensitive and quantitative molecule imaging modality widely used in characterizing the biological processes and diseases in small animals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods to optimize a PET detector for high-resolution preclinical imaging. The PET detector proposed in this study consists of a 28 × 28 array of LYSO crystals 0.5 × 0.5 × 6.25 mm3in size, a wedged lightguide, and a 6 × 6 array of SiPMs 3 × 3 mm2in size. The simulation results showed that the most uniform flood map was achieved when the thickness of the lightguide was 2.35 mm. The quality of the flood map was significantly improved by suppressing the electronics noises using the simple threshold method with a best threshold. The peak-to-valley ratio of flood map improved 25.4% when the algorithm of ICS rejection was applied. An energy resolution (12.96% ± 1.03%) was measured on the prototype scanner constructed with 12 proposed detectors. Lastly, a prototype preclinic PET imager was constructed with 12 optimized detectors. The point source experiment was performed and an excellent spatial resolution (axial: 0.56 mm, tangential: 0.46 mm, radial: 0.42 mm) was achieved with the proposed high-performance PET detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsen Yu
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Xie
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwei Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihezi Ye
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, People's Republic of China
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Nischal N, Gupta S, Lal K, Singh JP. Performance Evaluation of High-Resolution Ultrasound versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosing Peripheral Nerve Pathologies. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31:43-48. [PMID: 34376930 PMCID: PMC8328747 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
High-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) and magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) are considered complementary to clinical and neurophysiological assessment for neuropathies.
Aims
The aim of our study was to compare the accuracy of HRUS and MRN for detecting various peripheral nerve pathologies, to choose the correct investigation to facilitate prompt patient management.
Materials and Methods
This prospective study was done using HRUS with 14 MHz linear-transducer and 3 or 1.5T MR in cases referred for the assessment of peripheral nerve pathologies. Image interpretation was done using a scoring system (score 0–3 confidence level) to assess for nerve continuity/discontinuity, increased nerve signal/edema, fascicular change, caliber change, and neuroma/mass lesion. We determined the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of these modalities compared with the diagnostic standard determined by surgical and/or histopathological, if not performed then clinical and/or electrodiagnostic evaluation.
Results
The overall accuracy of MRN was 89.3% (specificity: 66.6%, sensitivity: 92.6%, negative predictive value [NPV]: 57.1%, positive predictive value [PPV]: 95%) and that of HRUS was 82.9% (specificity: 100%, sensitivity: 80.4%, NPV: 42.8, PPV: 100). The confidence level for detecting nerve discontinuity and change in nerve caliber was found to be higher on ultrasonography than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (100 vs. 70% and 100 vs. 50%, respectively). Pathology of submillimeter caliber nerves was accurately detected by HRUS and these could not be well-visualized on MRI.
Conclusion
HRUS is a powerful tool that may be used as the first-line imaging modality for the evaluation of peripheral nerve pathologies, and a better means of evaluation of peripheral nerves with submillimeter caliber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Nischal
- Department of Radiology, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Consultation Diagnostic and Intervention Radiology, JK Medicity Super Speciality Hospital, Jammu, India
| | - Kanhaiya Lal
- Department of Radiology, MRI Centre of GMSH, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Pal Singh
- Department of Radiology, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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40
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Courson JA, Landry PT, Do T, Spehlmann E, Lafontant PJ, Patel N, Rumbaut RE, Burns AR. Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM) of Biological Tissue Samples. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62045. [PMID: 33843931 PMCID: PMC8225236 DOI: 10.3791/62045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) allows for the collection of hundreds to thousands of serially-registered ultrastructural images, offering an unprecedented three-dimensional view of tissue microanatomy. While SBF-SEM has seen an exponential increase in use in recent years, technical aspects such as proper tissue preparation and imaging parameters are paramount for the success of this imaging modality. This imaging system benefits from the automated nature of the device, allowing one to leave the microscope unattended during the imaging process, with the automated collection of hundreds of images possible in a single day. However, without appropriate tissue preparation cellular ultrastructure can be altered in such a way that incorrect or misleading conclusions might be drawn. Additionally, images are generated by scanning the block-face of a resin-embedded biological sample and this often presents challenges and considerations that must be addressed. The accumulation of electrons within the block during imaging, known as "tissue charging," can lead to a loss of contrast and an inability to appreciate cellular structure. Moreover, while increasing electron beam intensity/voltage or decreasing beam-scanning speed can increase image resolution, this can also have the unfortunate side effect of damaging the resin block and distorting subsequent images in the imaging series. Here we present a routine protocol for the preparation of biological tissue samples that preserves cellular ultrastructure and diminishes tissue charging. We also provide imaging considerations for the rapid acquisition of high-quality serial-images with minimal damage to the tissue block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Courson
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX,
United States of America
| | - Paul T. Landry
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX,
United States of America
| | - Thao Do
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX,
United States of America
| | - Eric Spehlmann
- DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN,
United States of America
| | - Pascal J. Lafontant
- DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN,
United States of America
| | - Nimesh Patel
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX,
United States of America
| | - Rolando E. Rumbaut
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases
(CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United
States of America,Baylor College of Medicine, Children’s Nutrition
Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Burns
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX,
United States of America,Baylor College of Medicine, Children’s Nutrition
Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
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41
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Price EJ, Palát J, Coufaliková K, Kukučka P, Codling G, Vitale CM, Koudelka Š, Klánová J. Open, High-Resolution EI+ Spectral Library of Anthropogenic Compounds. Front Public Health 2021; 9:622558. [PMID: 33768085 PMCID: PMC7985345 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.622558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the lack of high-resolution electron ionisation mass spectral libraries (HR-[EI+]-MS) for environmental chemicals, a retention-indexed HR-[EI+]-MS library has been constructed following analysis of authentic compounds via GC-Orbitrap MS. The library is freely provided alongside a compound database of predicted physicochemical properties. Currently, the library contains over 350 compounds from 56 compound classes and includes a range of legacy and emerging contaminants. The RECETOX Exposome HR-[EI+]-MS library expands the number of freely available resources for use in full-scan chemical exposure studies and is available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471217.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J Price
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jirí Palát
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | | | | | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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42
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Kingsbury CJ, Sample HC, Senge MO. Crystal structures of 4-bromo-2-formyl-1-tosyl-1 H-pyrrole, ( E)-4-bromo-2-(2-nitro-vin-yl)-1-tosyl-1 H-pyrrole and 6-(4-bromo-1-tosyl-pyrrol-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-5-nitro-hexan-2-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:341-345. [PMID: 33936754 PMCID: PMC8025855 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021002280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of three substituted N-tosylpyrrole compounds are reported; these compounds show a variety of ‘weak’ intermolecular interactions owing to different substitution patterns and supramolecular arrangements. The benefits of collecting crystal structure data to extreme resolution (0.5 Å) are discussed. The crystal structures of three intermediate compounds in the synthesis of 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,3,3-trimethyldipyrrin are reported; 4-bromo-2-formyl-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole, C12H10BrNO3S, (E)-4-bromo-2-(2-nitrovinyl)-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole, C13H11BrN2O4S, and 6-(4-bromo-1-tosylpyrrol-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-5-nitrohexan-2-one, C19H23BrN2O5S. The compounds show multitudinous intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions, with bond distances and angle consistent in the series and within expectations, as well as varied packing types. The merits of collecting data beyond the standard resolution usually reported for small molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kingsbury
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Harry C Sample
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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43
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Anteraper SA, Gopinath K, Hoch MJ, Waldrop-Valverde D, Franklin D, Letendre SL, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Anderson AM. A comprehensive data-driven analysis framework for detecting impairments in brain function networks with resting state fMRI in HIV-infected individuals on cART. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:239-248. [PMID: 33666883 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) sequelae continue to be common in HIV-infected individuals despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). These sequelae include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and virologic persistence in the CNS. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) is a widely used tool to examine the integrity of brain function and pathology. In this study, we examined 16 HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects and 12 age, sex, and race matched HIV seronegative controls (HIV-) whole-brain high-resolution rsfMRI along with a battery of neurocognitive tests. A comprehensive data-driven analysis of rsfMRI revealed impaired functional connectivity, with very large effect sizes in executive function, language, and multisensory processing networks in HIV+ subjects. These results indicate the potential of high-resolution rsfMRI in combination with advanced data analysis techniques to yield biomarkers of neural impairment in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Donald Franklin
- University of California At San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- University of California At San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
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44
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Kong Q, Wu Y, Weng D, An J, Zhuo Y, Zhang Z. Optimized Inner-Volume 3D TSE for High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging of Intracranial Perforating Arteries at 7T. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:620172. [PMID: 33716650 PMCID: PMC7947629 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.620172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of microvessels can lead to neurologic diseases such as stroke and vascular dementia. The imaging of lumen and vessel wall of perforating arteries requires an extremely high resolution due to their small caliber size. Current imaging techniques have the difficulty in observing the wall of perforating arteries. In this study, we developed a 3D inner-volume (IV) TSE (SPACE) sequence with optimized 2D spatially selective excitation (SSE) RF pulses. The optimized SSE RF pulses were designed through a series of optimization including iterative RF pulse design, trajectory optimization, and phase convention of Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) condition to meet the perforating arteries imaging demands. High resolution of isotropic 0.30 mm within 10 min was achieved for the black- blood images of lenticulostriate artery (LSA). The LSA lumen and vessel wall were imaged by the IV-SPACE sequence simultaneously. Images obtained by the optimized RF pulse has fewer aliasing artifacts from outside of ROI than the traditional pulse. The IV-SPACE images showed clearer delineation of vessel wall and lumen of LSA than conventional SPACE images. IV-SPACE might be a promising method for detecting microvasculopathies of cerebral vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingle Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MR Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MR Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dehe Weng
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing An
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MR Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MR Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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45
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Huang X, Li Y, Xu X, Wang R, Yao J, Han W, Wei M, Chen J, Xuan W, Sun L. High-Precision Lensless Microscope on a Chip Based on In-Line Holographic Imaging. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21030720. [PMID: 33494493 PMCID: PMC7865896 DOI: 10.3390/s21030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The lensless on-chip microscope is an emerging technology in the recent decade that can realize the imaging and analysis of biological samples with a wide field-of-view without huge optical devices and any lenses. Because of its small size, low cost, and being easy to hold and operate, it can be used as an alternative tool for large microscopes in resource-poor or remote areas, which is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. To improve the low-resolution characteristics of the existing lensless shadow imaging systems and to meet the high-resolution needs of point-of-care testing, here, we propose a high-precision on-chip microscope based on in-line holographic technology. We demonstrated the ability of the iterative phase recovery algorithm to recover sample information and evaluated it with image quality evaluation algorithms with or without reference. The results showed that the resolution of the holographic image after iterative phase recovery is 1.41 times that of traditional shadow imaging. Moreover, we used machine learning tools to identify and count the mixed samples of mouse ascites tumor cells and micro-particles that were iterative phase recovered. The results showed that the on-chip cell counter had high-precision counting characteristics as compared with manual counting of the microscope reference image. Therefore, the proposed high-precision lensless microscope on a chip based on in-line holographic imaging provides one promising solution for future point-of-care testing (POCT).
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46
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Finneran C, Johnson Peretz J, Blemur D, Palefsky J, Flowers L. "That's Only for Women": The Importance of Educating HIV-Positive Sexual Minority Men on HPV and High Resolution Anoscopy (HRA). J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2021; 20:23259582211016134. [PMID: 34056930 PMCID: PMC8170352 DOI: 10.1177/23259582211016134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionately high burdens of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-associated anal cancers. Recent focus has shifted to anorectal cancer prevention through high-resolution anoscopy (HRA); however, little is known about sexual minority men's perceptions, attitudes, or beliefs regarding HRA. We conducted 4 qualitative Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) (n = 15) with sexual minority men, focusing on their beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of undergoing HRA. Participants discussed their experiences of HPV/HRA as influenced by both their gender and sexuality, including unawareness of HPV disease as a male health issue, challenges relating to female-oriented HPV/HRA language, conception of HPV/HRA as related to prostate health, and connecting their sexual behavior identification as "bottoms" to their need for HRA. As efforts to improve HRA knowledge, access, and uptake among sexual and gender minority communities increase, special attention should be paid to language and messaging choices around HRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Finneran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Johnson Peretz
- Global Health and Clinical Science, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Blemur
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Palefsky
- Department of Infectious Disease; University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Flowers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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47
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Cockram C, Thierry A, Gorlas A, Lestini R, Koszul R. Euryarchaeal genomes are folded into SMC-dependent loops and domains, but lack transcription-mediated compartmentalization. Mol Cell 2020; 81:459-472.e10. [PMID: 33382984 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hi-C has become a routine method for probing the 3D organization of genomes. However, when applied to prokaryotes and archaea, the current protocols are expensive and limited in their resolution. We develop a cost-effective Hi-C protocol to explore chromosome conformations of these two kingdoms at the gene or operon level. We first validate it on E. coli and V. cholera, generating sub-kilobase-resolution contact maps, and then apply it to the euryarchaeota H. volcanii, Hbt. salinarum, and T. kodakaraensis. With a resolution of up to 1 kb, we explore the diversity of chromosome folding in this phylum. In contrast to crenarchaeota, these euryarchaeota lack (active/inactive) compartment-like structures. Instead, their genomes are composed of self-interacting domains and chromatin loops. In H. volcanii, these structures are regulated by transcription and the archaeal structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein, further supporting the ubiquitous role of these processes in shaping the higher-order organization of genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cockram
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, CNRS UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Thierry
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, CNRS UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Gorlas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Roxane Lestini
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645 - INSERM U1182, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Romain Koszul
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, CNRS UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France.
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48
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Treu A, Kokesch-Himmelreich J, Walter K, Hölscher C, Römpp A. Integrating High-Resolution MALDI Imaging into the Development Pipeline of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:2277-2286. [PMID: 32965115 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB) requires antibiotics to reach their intended point of action, i.e., necrotizing granulomas in the lung. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is able to visualize the distribution of antibiotics in tissue, but resolving the small histological structures in mice, which are most commonly used in preclinical trials, requires high spatial resolution. We developed a MALDI MSI method to image antibiotics in the mouse lung with high mass resolution (240k @ m/z 200 fwhm) and high spatial resolution (10 μm pixel size). A crucial step was to develop a cryosectioning protocol that retains the distribution of water-soluble drugs in small and fragile murine lung lobes without inflation or embedding. Choice and application of matrices were optimized to detect human-equivalent drug concentrations in tissue, and measurement parameters were optimized to detect multiple drugs in a single tissue section. We succeeded in visualizing the distribution of all current first-line anti-TB drugs (pyrazinamide, rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid) and the second-line drugs moxifloxacin and clofazimine. Four of these compounds were imaged for the first time in the mouse lung. Accurate mass identification was confirmed by on-tissue MS/MS. Evaluation of fragmentation pathways revealed the structure of the double-protonated molecular ion of pyrazinamide. Clofazimine was imaged for the first time with 10 μm pixel size revealing clofazimine accumulation in lipid deposits around airways. In summary, we developed a platform to resolve the detailed histology in the murine lung and to reliably detect a range of anti-TB drugs at human-equivalent doses. Our workflow is currently being employed in preclinical mouse studies to evaluate the efficacy of novel anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Treu
- Chair of Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Kokesch-Himmelreich
- Chair of Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Walter
- Infection Immunology, Leibniz Lung Center, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Infection Immunology, Leibniz Lung Center, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Chair of Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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49
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Goncalves Filho ALM, Conklin J, Longo MGF, Cauley SF, Polak D, Liu W, Splitthoff DN, Lo WC, Kirsch JE, Setsompop K, Schaefer PW, Huang SY, Rapalino O. Accelerated Post-contrast Wave-CAIPI T1 SPACE Achieves Equivalent Diagnostic Performance Compared With Standard T1 SPACE for the Detection of Brain Metastases in Clinical 3T MRI. Front Neurol 2020; 11:587327. [PMID: 33193054 PMCID: PMC7653188 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.587327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations using high-resolution 3D post-contrast sequences offer increased sensitivity for the detection of metastases in the central nervous system but are usually long exams. We evaluated whether the diagnostic performance of a highly accelerated Wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave-CAIPI) post-contrast 3D T1 SPACE sequence was non-inferior to the standard high-resolution 3D T1 SPACE sequence for the evaluation of brain metastases. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing evaluation for brain metastases were prospectively evaluated with a standard post-contrast 3D T1 SPACE sequence and an optimized Wave-CAIPI 3D T1 SPACE sequence, which was three times faster than the standard sequence. Two blinded neuroradiologists performed a head-to-head comparison to evaluate the visualization of pathology, perception of artifacts, and the overall diagnostic quality. Wave-CAIPI post-contrast T1 SPACE was tested for non-inferiority relative to standard T1 SPACE using a 15% non-inferiority margin. Results: Wave-CAIPI post-contrast T1 SPACE was non-inferior to the standard T1 SPACE for visualization of enhancing lesions (P < 0.01) and offered equivalent diagnostic quality performance and only marginally higher background noise compared to the standard sequence. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Wave-CAIPI post-contrast T1 SPACE provides equivalent visualization of pathology and overall diagnostic quality with three times reduced scan time compared to the standard 3D T1 SPACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Lio M Goncalves Filho
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Conklin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Gabriela F Longo
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen F Cauley
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Polak
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Wei-Ching Lo
- Siemens Medical Solutions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John E Kirsch
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pamela W Schaefer
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Otto Rapalino
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Shanja-Grabarz X, Coste A, Entenberg D, Di Cristofano A. Real-time, high-resolution imaging of tumor cells in genetically engineered and orthotopic models of thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:529-539. [PMID: 32698130 PMCID: PMC7450603 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered and orthotopic xenograft mouse models have been instrumental for increasing our understanding of thyroid cancer progression and for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in a setting that is more physiologically relevant than the classical subcutaneous flank implants. However, the anatomical location of the thyroid gland precludes a non-invasive analysis at the cellular level of the interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment and does not allow a real-time evaluation of the response of tumor cells to drug treatments. As a consequence, such studies have generally only relied on endpoint approaches, limiting the amount and depth of the information that could be gathered. Here we describe the development of an innovative approach to imaging specific aspects of thyroid cancer biology, based on the implantation of a permanent, minimally invasive optical window that allows high-resolution, multi-day, intravital imaging of the behavior and cellular dynamics of thyroid tumors in the mouse. We show that this technology allows visualization of fluorescently tagged tumor cells both in immunocompetent, genetically engineered mouse models of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and in immunocompromised mice carrying orthotopic implanted human or mouse ATC cells. Furthermore, the use of recipient mice in which endothelial cells and macrophages are fluorescently labeled allows the detection of the spatial and functional relationship between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, we show that ATC cells expressing a fluorescent biosensor for caspase 3 activity can be effectively utilized to evaluate, in real-time, the efficacy and kinetics of action of novel small molecule therapeutics. This novel approach to intravital imaging of thyroid cancer represents a platform that will allow, for the first time, the longitudinal, in situ analysis of tumor cell responses to therapy and of their interaction with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhesika Shanja-Grabarz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anouchka Coste
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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