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Zhong L, Lewis JR, Sim M, Bondonno CP, Wahlqvist ML, Mugera A, Purchase S, Siddique KHM, Considine MJ, Johnson SK, Devine A, Hodgson JM. Three-dimensional food printing: its readiness for a food and nutrition insecure world. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:468-477. [PMID: 37288524 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) food printing is a rapidly emerging technology offering unprecedented potential for customised food design and personalised nutrition. Here, we evaluate the technological advances in extrusion-based 3D food printing and its possibilities to promote healthy and sustainable eating. We consider the challenges in implementing the technology in real-world applications. We propose viable applications for 3D food printing in health care, health promotion and food waste upcycling. Finally, we outline future work on 3D food printing in food safety, acceptability and economics, ethics and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezhou Zhong
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark L Wahlqvist
- Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Amin Mugera
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Sharon Purchase
- Business School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Michael J Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Devine
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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2
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Wang S, Han X, Gao X, Zhang H, Li C, Duan S, Wu J, Wang Z, Zheng A. The Evaluation and Exploration of Piezoelectric Parameter Optimization for Droplet Ejection in Binder Jet 3D Printing Drugs. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1090-1100. [PMID: 37886408 PMCID: PMC10599426 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the first three-dimensional (3D) printed drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015, there has been a growing interest in using binder jet 3D printing (BJ-3DP) technology for pharmaceuticals. However, most studies are still at an exploratory stage, lacking micromechanism research, such as the droplet ejection mechanism, the effect of printhead piezoelectric parameters on inkjet smoothness and preparation formability. In this study, based on the inkjet printing and observation platform, the Epson I3200-A1 piezoelectric printhead matched to the self-developed BJ-3DP was selected to analyze the droplet ejection state of self-developed ink at the microlevel with different piezoelectric pulse parameters. The results showed that there was a stable inkjet state with an inkjet pulse width of 3.5 μs, an ink supply pulse width of 4.5 μs, and a jet frequency in the range of 5000-19,000 Hz, ensuring both better droplet pattern and print accuracy, as well as high ejection efficiency. In conclusion, we performed a systematic evaluation of the inkjet behavior under different piezoelectric pulse parameters and provided a good idea and case study for the optimization of printhead piezoelectric parameters when BJ-3DP technology was used in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Han
- Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Conghui Li
- Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwei Duan
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Enke M, Schwarz N, Gruschwitz F, Winkler D, Hanf F, Jescheck L, Seyferth S, Fischer D, Schneeberger A. 3D screen printing technology enables fabrication of oral drug dosage forms with freely tailorable release profiles. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123101. [PMID: 37295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
3D printing offers new opportunities to customize oral dosage forms of pharmaceuticals for different patient populations, improving patient safety, care, and compliance. Although several notable 3D print technologies have been developed, such as inkjet printing, powder-based printing, selective laser sintering (SLS) printing, and fused deposition modelling (FDM), among others, their capacity is often limited by the number of printing heads. 3D screen-printing (3DSP) is based on a classic flatbed screen printing that is widely used in industrial applications for technical applications. 3DSP can build up thousands of units per screen simultaneously, enabling mass customization of pharmaceuticals. Here, we use 3DSP to investigate two novel paste formulations: immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (ER) using Paracetamol (acetaminophen) as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Both disk-shaped and donut-shaped tablets were fabricated using one or both pastes to design drug delivery systems (DDS) with tailored API release profiles. The size and mass of the produced tablets demonstrated high uniformity. Characterization of the tablets physical properties, such as breaking force (25-39 N) and friability (0.002-0.237%), adhering to Ph. Eur (10th edition). Finally, drug release tests with a phosphate buffer at pH 5.8 showed Paracetamol release depended on the IR- and ER paste materials and their respective compartment size of the composite DDS, which can be readily varied using 3DSP. This work further demonstrates the potential of 3DSP to manufacture complex oral dosage forms exhibiting custom release functionalities for mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Enke
- Laxxon Medical GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Felix Hanf
- Laxxon Medical GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Jescheck
- Laxxon Medical GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Seyferth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; FAU NeW, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Zhang Y, Thakkar R, Zhang J, Lu A, Duggal I, Pillai A, Wang J, Aghda NH, Maniruzzaman M. Investigating the Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles As Alternative Sintering Agents in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D Printing of Oral Tablets. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 36744796 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a single-step, three-dimensional printing (3DP) process that is gaining momentum in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms. It also offers opportunities for manufacturing various pharmaceutical dosage forms with a wide array of drug delivery systems. This research aimed to introduce carbonyl iron as a multifunctional magnetic and heat conductive ingredient for the fabrication of oral tablets containing isoniazid, a model antitubercular drug, via SLS 3DP process. Furthermore, the effects of magnetic iron particles on the drug release from the SLS printed tablets under a specially designed magnetic field was studied. Optimization of tablet quality was performed by adjusting SLS printing parameters. The independent factors studied were laser scanning speed, hatching space, and surface/chamber temperature. The responses measured were printed tablets' weight, hardness, disintegration time, and dissolution performance. It has been observed that, for the drug formulation with carbonyl iron, due to its inherent thermal conductivity, sintering tablets required relatively lower laser energy input to form the tablets of the same quality attributes as the other batches that contained no magnetic particles. Also, printed tablets with carbonyl iron released 25% more drugs under a magnetic field than those without it. It can be claimed that magnetic nanoparticles appear as an alternative conductive material to facilitate the sintering process during SLS 3DP of dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Rishi Thakkar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - JiaXiang Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - AnQi Lu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Ishaan Duggal
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Amit Pillai
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - JiaWei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Niloofar Heshmati Aghda
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
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5
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Chen X, Wang S, Wu J, Duan S, Wang X, Hong X, Han X, Li C, Kang D, Wang Z, Zheng A. The Application and Challenge of Binder Jet 3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2589. [PMID: 36559082 PMCID: PMC9786002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing technique that creates objects under computer control. Owing to the rapid advancement of science and technology, 3D printing technology has been widely utilized in processing and manufacturing but rarely used in the pharmaceutical field. The first commercial form of Spritam® immediate-release tablet was approved by FDA in 2015, which promoted the advancement of 3D printing technology in pharmaceutical development. Three-dimensional printing technology is able to meet individual treatment demands with customized size, shape, and release rate, which overcomes the difficulties of traditional pharmaceutical technology. This paper intends to discuss the critical process parameters of binder jet 3D printing technology, list its application in pharmaceutical manufacturing in recent years, summarize the still-open questions, and demonstrate its great potential in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Chen
- Pharmaceutical Experiment Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuwei Duan
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaolu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Conghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dongzhou Kang
- Pharmaceutical Experiment Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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7
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Yanez-Sanchez SI, Lennox MD, Therriault D, Favis BD, Tavares JR. Model Approach for Binder Selection in Binder Jetting. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio I. Yanez-Sanchez
- Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal H4T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin D. Lennox
- Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal H4T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Therriault
- Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal H4T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basil D. Favis
- Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal H4T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason R. Tavares
- Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal H4T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Sen K, Mehta T, Sansare S, Sharifi L, Ma AWK, Chaudhuri B. Pharmaceutical applications of powder-based binder jet 3D printing process - A review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113943. [PMID: 34450238 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical applications of the 3D printing process have recently matured, followed by the FDA approval of Spritam, the first commercial 3D printed dosage form. Due to being a new technology in the conventional dosage formulation field, there is still a dearth of understanding in the 3D printing process regarding the effect of the raw materials on the printed dosage forms and the plausibility of using this technology in dosage development beyond the conventional ways. In this review, the powder-based binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) process and its pharmaceutical applications have been discussed, along with a perspective of the formulation development step. The recent applications of BJ3DP in pharmaceutical dosage development, the advantages, and limitations have further been discussed here. A discussion of the critical formulation parameters that need to be explored for the preformulation study of the solid oral dosage development using the BJ3DP process is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyel Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Tanu Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sameera Sansare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Leila Sharifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anson W K Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Institute of Material Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Institute of Material Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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9
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Antic A, Zhang J, Amini N, Morton D, Hapgood K. Screening pharmaceutical excipient powders for use in commercial 3D binder jetting printers. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Obeid S, Madžarević M, Krkobabić M, Ibrić S. Predicting drug release from diazepam FDM printed tablets using deep learning approach: Influence of process parameters and tablet surface/volume ratio. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120507. [PMID: 33766640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply artificial neural networks as deep learning tools in establishing a model for understanding and prediction of diazepam release from fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed tablets. Diazepam printed tablets of various shapes were created by a computer-aided design (CAD) program and prepared by fused deposition modeling using previously prepared polyvinyl alcohol/diazepam filaments via hot-melt extrusion. The surface to volume ratio (SA/V) for each shape was calculated. Printing parameters were varied including infill density (20%, 70% and 100%) and infill pattern (line and zigzag). Influence of tablet SA/V ratio and printing parameters (infill density and infill pattern) on the release of diazepam from printed tablets were modeled using self-organizing maps (SOM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). SOM as an unsupervised neural network was used for visualizing interrelation among the data, whereas MLP was used for the prediction of drug release properties. MLP had three layers (with structure 2-3-5) and was trained using back propagation algorithm. Input parameters for the modeling were: infill density and SA/V ratio; while output parameters were percent of drug release in five time points. The data set for network training was divided into training, validation and test sets. The dissolution rate increased with higher SA/V ratio, lower infill density (less than 50%) and zigzag infill pattern. The established ANN model was tested; calculated f 2 factors for two tested formulations (70.24 and 77.44) showed similarity between experimentally observed and predicted drug release profiles. Trained MLP network was able to predict drug release behavior as a function of infill density and SA/Vol ratio, as established design space for formulated 3D printed diazepam tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Madžarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Krkobabić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Vaz VM, Kumar L. 3D Printing as a Promising Tool in Personalized Medicine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:49. [PMID: 33458797 PMCID: PMC7811988 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector, its goal being to tailor medication to a particular individual by taking into consideration the physiology, drug response, and genetic profile of that individual. There are many technologies emerging to cause this paradigm shift from the conventional "one size fits all" to personalized medicine, the major one being three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing involves the establishment of a three-dimensional object, in a layer upon layer manner using various computer software. 3D printing can be used to construct a wide variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms varying in shape, release profile, and drug combination. The major technological platforms of 3D printing researched on in the pharmaceutical sector include inkjet printing, binder jetting, fused filament fabrication, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, and pressure-assisted microsyringe. A possible future application of this technology could be in a clinical setting, where prescriptions could be dispensed based on individual needs. This manuscript points out the various 3D printing technologies and their applications in research for fabricating pharmaceutical products, along with their pros and cons. It also presents its potential in personalized medicine by individualizing the dose, release profiles, and incorporating multiple drugs in a polypill. An insight on how it tends to various populations is also provided. An approach of how it can be used in a clinical setting is also highlighted. Also, various challenges faced are pointed out, which must be overcome for the success of this technology in personalized medicine.
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12
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Thakkar R, Pillai AR, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Kulkarni V, Maniruzzaman M. Novel On-Demand 3-Dimensional (3-D) Printed Tablets Using Fill Density as an Effective Release-Controlling Tool. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1872. [PMID: 32825229 PMCID: PMC7564432 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This research demonstrates the use of fill density as an effective tool for controlling the drug release without changing the formulation composition. The merger of hot-melt extrusion (HME) with fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3-dimensional (3-D) printing processes over the last decade has directed pharmaceutical research towards the possibility of printing personalized medication. One key aspect of printing patient-specific dosage forms is controlling the release dynamics based on the patient's needs. The purpose of this research was to understand the impact of fill density and interrelate it with the release of a poorly water-soluble, weakly acidic, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) matrix, both mathematically and experimentally. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of ibuprofen with three grades of AquaSolveTM HPMC-AS (HG, MG, and LG) were developed using an HME process and evaluated using solid-state characterization techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), and polarized light microscopy (PLM) confirmed the amorphous state of the drug in both polymeric filaments and 3D printed tablets. The suitability of the manufactured filaments for FDM processes was investigated using texture analysis (TA) which showed robust mechanical properties of the developed filament compositions. Using FDM, tablets with different fill densities (20-80%) and identical dimensions were printed for each polymer. In vitro pH shift dissolution studies revealed that the fill density has a significant impact (F(11, 24) = 15,271.147, p < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation (r > -0.99; p < 0.0001) with the release performance, where 20% infill demonstrated the fastest and most complete release, whereas 80% infill depicted a more controlled release. The results obtained from this research can be used to develop a robust formulation strategy to control the drug release from 3D printed dosage forms as a function of fill density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Labs, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA; (R.T.); (A.R.P.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (V.K.)
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