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Lee SJ, Morales-Colón MT, Brooks AF, Wright JS, Makaravage KJ, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. S NAr Radiofluorination with In Situ Generated [ 18F]Tetramethylammonium Fluoride. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14121-14130. [PMID: 34505779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a method for the nucleophilic radiofluorination of (hetero)aryl chlorides, (hetero)aryl triflates, and nitroarenes using a combination of [18F]KF·K2.2.2 and Me4NHCO3 for the in situ formation of a strongly nucleophilic fluorinating reagent (proposed to be [18F]Me4NF). This method is applied to 24 substrates bearing diverse functional groups, and it generates [18F](hetero)aryl fluoride products in good to excellent radiochemical yields in the presence of ambient air/moisture. The reaction is applied to the preparation of 18F-labeled HQ-415 for potential (pre)clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,United States
| | - María T Morales-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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PET Radiochemistry. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Johnson BM, Shu YZ, Zhuo X, Meanwell NA. Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6315-6386. [PMID: 32182061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applications of fluorine in drug design continue to expand, facilitated by an improved understanding of its effects on physicochemical properties and the development of synthetic methodologies that are providing access to new fluorinated motifs. In turn, studies of fluorinated molecules are providing deeper insights into the effects of fluorine on metabolic pathways, distribution, and disposition. Despite the high strength of the C-F bond, the departure of fluoride from metabolic intermediates can be facile. This reactivity has been leveraged in the design of mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors and has influenced the metabolic fate of fluorinated compounds. In this Perspective, we summarize the literature associated with the metabolism of fluorinated molecules, focusing on examples where the presence of fluorine influences the metabolic profile. These studies have revealed potentially problematic outcomes with some fluorinated motifs and are enhancing our understanding of how fluorine should be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Zhuo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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Ritawidya R, Ludwig FA, Briel D, Brust P, Scheunemann M. Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of 8-Pyridinyl-Substituted Benzo[ e]imidazo[2,1- c][1,2,4]triazines as Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152791. [PMID: 31370274 PMCID: PMC6696243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is highly expressed in distinct areas of the brain, which are known to be related to neuropsychiatric diseases. The development of suitable PDE2A tracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) would permit the in vivo imaging of the PDE2A and evaluation of disease-mediated alterations of its expression. A series of novel fluorinated PDE2A inhibitors on the basis of a Benzoimidazotriazine (BIT) scaffold was prepared leading to a prospective inhibitor for further development of a PDE2A PET imaging agent. BIT derivatives (BIT1–9) were obtained by a seven-step synthesis route, and their inhibitory potency towards PDE2A and selectivity over other PDEs were evaluated. BIT1 demonstrated much higher inhibition than other BIT derivatives (82.9% inhibition of PDE2A at 10 nM). BIT1 displayed an IC50 for PDE2A of 3.33 nM with 16-fold selectivity over PDE10A. This finding revealed that a derivative bearing both a 2-fluoro-pyridin-4-yl and 2-chloro-5-methoxy-phenyl unit at the 8- and 1-position, respectively, appeared to be the most potent inhibitor. In vitro studies of BIT1 using mouse liver microsomes (MLM) disclosed BIT1 as a suitable ligand for 18F-labeling. Nevertheless, future in vivo metabolism studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rien Ritawidya
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
- Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear and Energy Agency (BATAN), Puspiptek Area, Serpong, South Tangerang, Indonesia.
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Detlef Briel
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
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Abstract
The present study aimed to discuss the role of mitochondrion in cardiac function and disease. The mitochondrion plays a fundamental role in cellular processes ranging from metabolism to apoptosis. The mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging could potentially illustrate changes in global and regional cardiac dysfunction. The collective changes that occur in mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging probes have been widely explored and developed. As probes currently used in the preclinical setting still have a lot of shortcomings, the development of myocardial metabolic activity, viability, perfusion, and blood flow molecular imaging probes holds great potential for accurately evaluating the myocardial viability and functional reserve. The advantages of molecular imaging provide a perspective on investigating the mitochondrial function of the myocardium in vivo noninvasively and quantitatively. The molecular imaging tracers of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography could give more detailed information on myocardial metabolism and restoration. In this study, series mitochondrial-targeted 99mTc-, 123I-, and 18F-labeled tracers displayed broad applications because they could provide a direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac disease.
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Morris O, Gregory J, Kadirvel M, Henderson F, Blykers A, McMahon A, Taylor M, Allsop D, Allan S, Grigg J, Boutin H, Prenant C. Development & automation of a novel [(18)F]F prosthetic group, 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and its application to an amino(oxy)-functionalised Aβ peptide. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 116:120-7. [PMID: 27518217 PMCID: PMC5034901 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2-[(18)F]-Fluoro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde ([(18)F]FPCA) is a novel, water-soluble prosthetic group. It's radiochemistry has been developed and fully-automated for application in chemoselective radiolabelling of amino(oxy)-derivatised RI-OR2-TAT peptide, (Aoa-k)-RI-OR2-TAT, using a GE TRACERlab FX-FN. RI-OR2-TAT is a brain-penetrant, retro-inverso peptide that binds to amyloid species associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Radiolabelled (Aoa-k)-RI-OR2-TAT was reproducibly synthesised and the product of the reaction with FPCA has been fully characterised. In-vivo biodistribution of [(18)F]RI-OR2-TAT has been measured in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK.
| | - J Gregory
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - M Kadirvel
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Henderson
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - A Blykers
- In-Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Adam McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Taylor
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, The University of Lancaster, UK
| | - David Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, The University of Lancaster, UK
| | | | - J Grigg
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Imaging R&D, The Grove Centre, Amersham, Bucks, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Christian Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
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8
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Bouvet V, Wuest M, Jans HS, Janzen N, Genady AR, Valliant JF, Benard F, Wuest F. Automated synthesis of [(18)F]DCFPyL via direct radiofluorination and validation in preclinical prostate cancer models. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:40. [PMID: 27142881 PMCID: PMC4854855 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is frequently overexpressed and upregulated in prostate cancer. To date, various 18F- and 68Ga-labeled urea-based radiotracers for PET imaging of PSMA have been developed and entered clinical trials. Here, we describe an automated synthesis of [18F]DCFPyL via direct radiofluorination and validation in preclinical models of prostate cancer. Methods [18F]DCFPyL was synthesized via direct nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution reaction in a single reactor TRACERlab FXFN automated synthesis unit. Radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]DCFPyL involved internalization experiments, dynamic PET imaging in LNCaP (PSMA+) and PC3 (PSMA−) tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice, biodistribution studies, and metabolic profiling. In addition, reversible two-tissue compartmental model analysis was used to quantify pharmacokinetics of [18F]DCFPyL in LNCaP and PC3 tumor models. Results Automated radiosynthesis afforded radiotracer [18F]DCFPyL in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 23 ± 5 % (n = 10) within 55 min, including HPLC purification. Dynamic PET analysis revealed rapid and high uptake of radioactivity (SUV5min 0.95) in LNCaP tumors which increased over time (SUV60min 1.1). Radioactivity uptake in LNCaP tumors was blocked in the presence of nonradioactive DCFPyL (SUV60min 0.22). The muscle as reference tissue showed rapid and continuous clearance over time (SUV60min 0.06). Fast blood clearance of radioactivity resulted in tumor-blood ratios of 1.0 after 10 min and 8.3 after 60 min. PC3 tumors also showed continuous clearance of radioactivity over time (SUV60min 0.11). Kinetic analysis of PET data revealed the two-tissue compartmental model as best fit with K1 = 0.12, k2 = 0.18, k3 = 0.08, and k4 = 0.004 min−1, confirming molecular trapping of [18F]DCFPyL in PSMA+ LNCaP cells. Conclusions [18F]DCFPyL can be prepared for clinical applications simply and in good radiochemical yields via a direct radiofluorination synthesis route in a single reactor automated synthesis unit. Radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]DCFPyL confirmed high PSMA-mediated tumor uptake combined with superior clearance parameters. Compartmental model analysis points to a two-step molecular trapping mechanism based on PSMA binding and subsequent internalization leading to retention of radioactivity in PSMA+ LNCaP tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0195-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bouvet
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Hans-Soenke Jans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Afaf R Genady
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Francois Benard
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Dollé F. Carbon-11 and fluorine-18 chemistry devoted to molecular probes for imaging the brain with positron emission tomography. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:65-7. [PMID: 24285311 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of the living human brain in real-time and in a noninvasive way was for centuries only a dream, made, however, possible today with the remarkable development during the four last decades of powerful molecular imaging techniques, and especially positron emission tomography (PET). Molecular PET imaging relies, from a chemical point of view, on the use and preparation of a positron-emitting radiolabelled probe or radiotracer, notably compounds incorporating one of two short-lived radionuclides fluorine-18 (T1/2 : 109.8 min) and carbon-11 (T1/2 : 20.38 min). The growing availability and interest for the radiohalogen fluorine-18 in radiopharmaceutical chemistry undoubtedly results from its convenient half-life and the successful use in clinical oncology of 2-[(18) F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(18) F]FDG). The special interest of carbon-11 is not only that carbon is present in virtually all biomolecules and drugs allowing therefore for isotopic labelling of their chemical structures but also that a given molecule could be radiolabelled at different functions or sites, permitting to explore (or to take advantage of) in vivo metabolic pathways. PET chemistry includes production of these short-lived radioactive isotopes via nuclear transmutation reactions using a cyclotron, and is directed towards the development of rapid synthetic methods, at the trace level, for the introduction of these nuclides into a molecule, as well as the use of fast purification, analysis and formulation techniques. PET chemistry is the driving force in molecular PET imaging, and this special issue of the Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, which is strongly chemistry and radiochemistry-oriented, aims at illustrating, be it in part only, the state-of-the-art arsenal of reactions currently available and its potential for the research and development of specific molecular probes labelled with the positron emitters carbon-11 and fluorine-18, with optimal imaging properties for PET exploration of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, F-91406, Orsay, France
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Ermert J. 18F-labelled intermediates for radiosynthesis by modular build-up reactions: newer developments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:812973. [PMID: 25343144 PMCID: PMC4197889 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This brief review gives an overview of newer developments in (18)F-chemistry with the focus on small (18)F-labelled molecules as intermediates for modular build-up syntheses. The short half-life (<2 h) of the radionuclide requires efficient syntheses of these intermediates considering that multistep syntheses are often time consuming and characterized by a loss of yield in each reaction step. Recent examples of improved synthesis of (18)F-labelled intermediates show new possibilities for no-carrier-added ring-fluorinated arenes, novel intermediates for tri[(18)F]fluoromethylation reactions, and (18)F-fluorovinylation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Damont A, Roeda D, Dollé F. The potential of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 chemistry: illustration through the development of positron emission tomography radioligands targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:96-104. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annelaure Damont
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot; 4 place du Général Leclerc; F-91406; Orsay; France
| | - Dirk Roeda
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot; 4 place du Général Leclerc; F-91406; Orsay; France
| | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot; 4 place du Général Leclerc; F-91406; Orsay; France
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Tietz O, Sharma SK, Kaur J, Way J, Marshall A, Wuest M, Wuest F. Synthesis of three 18F-labelled cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors based on a pyrimidine scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8052-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Daumar P, Wanger-Baumann CA, Pillarsetty N, Fabrizio L, Carlin SD, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Lewis JS. Efficient (18)F-labeling of large 37-amino-acid pHLIP peptide analogues and their biological evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1557-66. [PMID: 22784215 DOI: 10.1021/bc3000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors often develop an acidic microenvironment, which plays a critical role in tumor progression and is associated with increased level of invasion and metastasis. The 37-residue pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) is under study as an imaging platform because of its unique ability to insert into cell membranes at a low extracellular pH (pH(e) < 7). Labeling of peptides with [(18)F]-fluorine is usually performed via prosthetic groups using chemoselective coupling reactions. One of the most successful procedures involves the alkyne-azide copper(I) catalyzed cycloaddition (CuAAC). However, none of the known "click" methods have been applied to peptides as large as pHLIP. We designed a novel prosthetic group and extended the use of the CuAAC "click chemistry" for the simple and efficient (18)F-labeling of large peptides. For the evaluation of this labeling approach, a D-amino acid analogue of WT-pHLIP and an L-amino acid control peptide K-pHLIP, both functionalized at the N-terminus with 6-azidohexanoic acid, were used. The novel 6-[(18)F]fluoro-2-ethynylpyridine prosthetic group, was obtained via nucleophilic substitution on the corresponding bromo-precursor after 10 min at 130 °C with a radiochemical yield of 27.5 ± 6.6% (decay corrected) with high radiochemical purity ≥98%. The subsequent Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reaction with the azido functionalized pHLIP peptides was quantitative within 5 min at 70 °C in a mixture of water and ethanol using Cu-acetate and sodium L-ascorbate. [(18)F]-D-WT-pHLIP and [(18)F]-L-K-pHLIP were obtained with total radiochemical yields of 5-20% after HPLC purification. The total reaction time was 85 min including formulation. In vitro stability tests revealed high stability of the [(18)F]-D-WT-pHLIP in human and mouse plasma after 120 min, with the parent tracer remaining intact at 65% and 85%, respectively. PET imaging and biodistribution studies in LNCaP and PC-3 xenografted mice with the [(18)F]-D-WT-pHLIP and the negative control [(18)F]-L-K-pHLIP revealed pH-dependent tumor retention. This reliable and efficient protocol promises to be useful for the (18)F-labeling of large peptides such as pHLIP and will accelerate the evaluation of numerous [(18)F]-pHLIP analogues as potential PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Daumar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Lucatelli C, Honer M, Salazar JF, Ross TL, Schubiger PA, Ametamey SM. Synthesis, radiolabeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of [18F]-FPECMO as a positron emission tomography radioligand for imaging the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:613-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bogdanov AA. Merging molecular imaging and RNA interference: early experience in live animals. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1113-23. [PMID: 18247325 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of non-invasive imaging techniques and imaging reporters coincided with the enthusiastic response that the introduction of RNA interference (RNAi) techniques created in the research community. Imaging in experimental animals provides quantitative or semi-quantitative information regarding the biodistribution of small interfering RNAs and the levels of gene interference (i.e., knockdown of the target mRNA) in living animals. In this review we give a brief summary of the first imaging findings that have potential for accelerating the development and testing of new approaches that explore RNAi as a method for achieving loss-of-function effects in vivo and as a promising therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei A Bogdanov
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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Kuhnast B, Hinnen F, Tavitian B, Dollé F. [18F]FPyKYNE, a fluoropyridine-based alkyne reagent designed for the fluorine-18 labelling of macromolecules using click chemistry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roeda D, Kuhnast B, Hammadi A, Dollé F. The Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot – contributions to PET chemistry over the years. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Viel T, Kuhnast B, Hinnen F, Boisgard R, Tavitian B, Dollé F. Fluorine-18 labelling of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for PET imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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