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Sukhotnik I, Nativ O, Ben-Shahar Y, Bejar IN, Pollak Y, Coran AG, Gorenberg M. Antioxidant treatment ameliorates germ cell apoptosis induced by a high-dose ionizing irradiation in rats. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:137-143. [PMID: 30386894 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ionizing radiation results in cytotoxic and genotoxic effects caused mainly by the oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated the radioprotective effect of novel antioxidant cocktail on germ cell apoptosis and spermatogenesis in rats subjected to whole body radiation (WBIR). METHODS Adult male rats weighing 250-270 g were divided into four groups, eight rats each. Group 1 served as untreated control, group 2 received an IP single dose of antioxidant cocktail (1 ml). Group 3 was exposed to a WBIR (6 Gy). Group 4 received antioxidant cocktail before WBIR. Rats from each group were killed after 48 h. MDA levels were measured in serum (TBARS assay). Johnsen's criteria and the number of germinal cell layers were used to categorize spermatogenesis. TUNEL assay was used to determine germ cell apoptosis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS WBIR resulted in histological testicular damage (decrease in Johnsen's criteria, p < 0.05) that was accompanied by a significant increase in germ cell apoptosis, expressed as the number of apoptotic cells per 100 tubules (AI-1 apoptotic index) and the number of positive tubules per 100 tubules (AI-2 apoptotic index). Treatment with antioxidant cocktail resulted in a significant decrease in germ cell apoptosis (33% decrease in AI-1, p < 0.05 and 34% decrease in AI-2, p < 0.05) that was accompanied by an improved spermatogenesis (increase in Johnsen's criteria, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of WBIR, antioxidant treatment ameliorates oxidative stress-induced testicular damage, decreases germ cell apoptosis and improves spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Sukhotnik
- Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. .,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., P.O.B. 4940, Haifa, 31048, Israel.
| | - O Nativ
- Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., P.O.B. 4940, Haifa, 31048, Israel.,Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Ben-Shahar
- Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., P.O.B. 4940, Haifa, 31048, Israel
| | - I N Bejar
- Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., P.O.B. 4940, Haifa, 31048, Israel
| | - Y Pollak
- Laboratory of intestinal adaptation and recovery, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A G Coran
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US
| | - M Gorenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Johnson SE, Li Z, Liu Y, Moulder JE, Zhao M. Whole-body imaging of high-dose ionizing irradiation-induced tissue injuries using 99mTc-duramycin. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1397-403. [PMID: 23804327 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-dose ionizing irradiation can cause extensive injuries in susceptible tissues. A noninvasive imaging technique that detects a surrogate marker of apoptosis may help characterize the dynamics of radiation-induced tissue damage. The goal of this study was to prove the concept of imaging the temporal and spatial distribution of damage in susceptible tissues after high-dose radiation exposure, using (99m)Tc-duramycin as a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding radiopharmaceutical. METHODS Rats were subjected to 15 Gy of total-body irradiation with x-rays. Planar whole-body (99m)Tc-duramycin scanning (n = 4 per time point) was conducted at 24, 48, and 72 h using a clinical γ-camera. On the basis of findings from planar imaging, preclinical SPECT data were acquired on control rats and on irradiated rats at 6 and 24 h after irradiation (n = 4 per time point). Imaging data were validated by γ-counting and histology, using harvested tissues in parallel groups of animals (n = 4). RESULTS Prominent focal uptake was detected in the thymus as early as 6 h after irradiation, followed by a gradual decline in (99m)Tc-duramycin binding accompanied by extensive thymic atrophy. Early (6-24 h) radioactivity uptake in the gastrointestinal region was detected. Significant signal was seen in major bones in a slightly delayed fashion, at 24 h, which persisted for at least 2 d. This finding was paralleled by an elevation in signal intensity in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. The imaging results were consistent with ex vivo γ-counting results and histology. Relatively high levels of apoptosis were detected from histology in the thymus, guts, and bones, with the thymus undergoing substantial atrophy. CONCLUSION As a proof of principle, this study demonstrated a noninvasive imaging technique that allows characterization of the temporal and spatial dynamics of injuries in susceptible tissues during the acute phase after high-dose ionizing irradiation. Such an imaging capability will potentially be useful for global, whole-body, assessment of tissue damage after radiation exposure. These data, in turn, will contribute to our general knowledge of tissue susceptibility to ionizing irradiation, as well as the onset and progression of tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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