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Buart S, Diop MK, Damei I, Chouaib S. Sunitinib Treatment of VHL C162F Cells Slows Down Proliferation and Healing Ability via Downregulation of ZHX2 and Confers a Mesenchymal Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38201462 PMCID: PMC10778532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, due to mutations of the tumor suppressor VHL gene, is a rare hereditary syndrome with a high risk of developing clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We asked whether the VHL-C162F mutation interferes with proliferation, migration, healing and forming colony ability by using wild-type VHL (WT VHL) and VHL-C162F reconstituted cells. We then analyzed the in vitro impact of the sunitinib treatment on VHL-C162F cells. We showed that VHL-C162F mutations have no impact on cell morphology, colony formation and migration ability but confer a significant higher healing ability than in WT VHL cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that VHL-C162F mutation upregulates genes involved in hypoxia and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways by comparison with VHL WT cells. We next showed a decrease in healing ability in VHL-C162F cells depleting on ZHX2, an oncogenic driver of ccRCC, highlighting the potential involvement of ZHX2 in aggressiveness of the VHL-C162F cells. Moreover, we found that sunitinib treatment inhibits ZHX2 expression and induces a reduced proliferation correlating with downregulation of P-ERK. Sunitinib treatment also conferred a more mesenchymal profile to VHL-C162F cells with significant downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin, Slug and AXL. Sunitinib therapy may therefore promote disease progression in VHL-C162F patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - M’boyba Khadija Diop
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Isabelle Damei
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Kaiserman J, O’Hara BA, Haley SA, Atwood WJ. An Elusive Target: Inhibitors of JC Polyomavirus Infection and Their Development as Therapeutics for the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8580. [PMID: 37239927 PMCID: PMC10218015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease caused by infection with JC Polyomavirus (JCPyV). Despite the identification of the disease and isolation of the causative pathogen over fifty years ago, no antiviral treatments or prophylactic vaccines exist. Disease onset is usually associated with immunosuppression, and current treatment guidelines are limited to restoring immune function. This review summarizes the drugs and small molecules that have been shown to inhibit JCPyV infection and spread. Paying attention to historical developments in the field, we discuss key steps of the virus lifecycle and antivirals known to inhibit each event. We review current obstacles in PML drug discovery, including the difficulties associated with compound penetrance into the central nervous system. We also summarize recent findings in our laboratory regarding the potent anti-JCPyV activity of a novel compound that antagonizes the virus-induced signaling events necessary to establish a productive infection. Understanding the current panel of antiviral compounds will help center the field for future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Walter J. Atwood
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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3
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Boyle JJ, Pfail JL, Lichtbroun BJ, Singer EA. Adjuvant Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: End Points, Outcomes, and Risk Assessments. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200407. [PMID: 36724413 PMCID: PMC9928983 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Efforts to translate these therapies into the adjuvant setting for local and locoregional RCC have been pursued over the past decade. We sought to provide an updated review of the literature regarding adjuvant therapy in RCC, as well as an analysis of patient characteristics that may portend the most favorable responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, we reviewed articles between 2000 and 2022. Search terms included "tyrosine kinase inhibitors," "adjuvant," "immunotherapy," and "renal cell carcinoma." The articles included were original and published in English. Information on clinical trials was collected from ClinicalTrials.gov, accessed in June 2022. RESULTS Landmark trials investigating adjuvant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors produced conflicting results, with only a single trial of sunitinib (S-TRAC) resulting in US Food and Drug Administration-approval on the basis of a slightly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS). Subsequent meta-analyses failed to show a benefit for adjuvant VEGF inhibitors. Several trials evaluating ICIs are currently ongoing, with pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-564) earning US Food and Drug Administration-approval for a prolonged PFS, although overall survival data are not yet mature. Preliminary results from other adjuvant ICI trials have been conflicting. CONCLUSION There remains a lack of clear benefit for the use of adjuvant VEGF inhibitors in local and locoregional RCC. Adjuvant ICI investigations are ongoing, with promising results from KEYNOTE-564. It remains to be seen if PFS is an adequate surrogate end point for overall survival. Selection of patients at greatest risk for recurrence, and identification of those at greatest risk of rare but serious adverse events, may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Boyle
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - John L. Pfail
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Benjamin J. Lichtbroun
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Eric A. Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Division of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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4
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Chen Y, Chen C, Fang J, Su K, Yuan Q, Hou H, Xin H, Sun J, Huang C, Li S, Yuan Z, Luo S. Targeting the Akt/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway for complete eradication of keloid disease by sunitinib. Apoptosis 2022; 27:812-824. [PMID: 35802302 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Keloid disease is a nodular lesion, tumor-like but not cancerous, and characterized of excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. This condition often causes itching, pain and cosmetic disfigurement, significantly reducing patient quality of life. To date, no universally effective therapies are available, possibly due to inadequate understanding of keloid pathogenesis. As an oral small-molecule inhibitor of certain tyrosine kinase receptors, sunitinib has shown significant therapeutic effects in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, it has never been tested if keloid therapy can be effective for the management of keloids. This study thus aims to explore the potential of sunitinib for keloid treatment. Keloid-derived fibroblasts (KFs) were successfully isolated and demonstrated proliferative advantage to normal skin-derived fibroblasts (NFs). Additionally, sunitinib showed specific cytotoxicity and inhibition of invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and significant apoptosis in KFs. These effects were accompanied by complete suppression of ECM component expression, including collagen types 1 and 3, upregulation of autophagy-associated LC3B and significant suppression of the Akt/PI3K/mTOR pathway. Moreover, a keloid explant culture model was successfully established and used to test the therapeutic efficacy of sunitinib on keloid formation in nude mice. Sunitinib was found to induce complete regression of keloid explant fragments in nude mice, showing significantly higher therapeutic efficacy than the most commonly used intralesional drug triamcinolone acetonide (TAC). These data suggest that sunitinib effectively inhibits keloid development through suppression of the Akt/PI3K/mTOR pathway and thus can be potentially developed as a monotherapy or combination therapy for the effective treatment of keloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junren Fang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Su
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Hou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Xin
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Sun
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqiang Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shengkang Luo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Pollet M, Krutmann J, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Commentary: Usage of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Small Molecule Inhibitors: More Than Just Inhibition! Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:935. [PMID: 30177882 PMCID: PMC6110190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Pollet
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Nandikolla AG, Rajdev L. Targeting angiogenesis in gastrointestinal tumors: current challenges. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 1:67. [PMID: 28138633 PMCID: PMC5244743 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2016.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the few cancers where screening modalities are standardized, but it still remains the third leading cause of cancer related mortality. For more than a decade now, the approval of anti-angiogenic therapy has led to an increase in the rate of overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced colon cancer. The drawback of the anti-angiogenic therapy is that their effect is short-lived and many patients progress through these therapies. Various mechanisms of resistance have been hypothesized, but overcoming this has been challenging. Also, there are no standardized predictive biomarkers that could aid in selecting patients who responds to the therapy upfront. This review focuses on the basis of angiogenesis, describing the approved anti-angiogenic therapies, discusses the challenges in terms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and also the role of biomarkers. In the future, hopefully newer targeted therapies, immunotherapy, combination therapies and the standardization of biomarkers may result in improved outcomes and cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara G Nandikolla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajdev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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7
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Dietel M, Jöhrens K, Laffert MV, Hummel M, Bläker H, Pfitzner BM, Lehmann A, Denkert C, Darb-Esfahani S, Lenze D, Heppner FL, Koch A, Sers C, Klauschen F, Anagnostopoulos I. A 2015 update on predictive molecular pathology and its role in targeted cancer therapy: a review focussing on clinical relevance. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:417-30. [PMID: 26358176 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In April 2013 our group published a review on predictive molecular pathology in this journal. Although only 2 years have passed many new facts and stimulating developments have happened in diagnostic molecular pathology rendering it worthwhile to present an up-date on this topic. A major technical improvement is certainly given by the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS; amplicon, whole exome, whole genome) and its application to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue in routine diagnostics. Based on this 'revolution' the analyses of numerous genetic alterations in parallel has become a routine approach opening the chance to characterize patients' malignant tumors much more deeply without increasing turn-around time and costs. In the near future this will open new strategies to apply 'off-label' targeted therapies, e.g. for rare tumors, otherwise resistant tumors etc. The clinically relevant genetic aberrations described in this review include mutation analyses of RAS (KRAS and NRAS), BRAF and PI3K in colorectal cancer, KIT or PDGFR alpha as well as BRAF, NRAS and KIT in malignant melanoma. Moreover, we present several recent advances in the molecular characterization of malignant lymphoma. Beside the well-known mutations in NSCLC (EGFR, ALK) a number of chromosomal aberrations (KRAS, ROS1, MET) have become relevant. Only very recently has the clinical need for analysis of BRCA1/2 come up and proven as a true challenge for routine diagnostics because of the genes' special structure and hot-spot-free mutational distribution. The genetic alterations are discussed in connection with their increasingly important role in companion diagnostics to apply targeted drugs as efficient as possible. As another aspect of the increasing number of druggable mutations, we discuss the challenges personalized therapies pose for the design of clinical studies to prove optimal efficacy particularly with respect to combination therapies of multiple targeted drugs and conventional chemotherapy. Such combinations would lead to an extremely high complexity that would hardly be manageable by applying conventional study designs for approval, e.g. by the FDA or EMA. Up-coming challenges such as the application of methylation assays and proteomic analyses on FFPE tissue will also be discussed briefly to open the door towards the ultimate goal of reading a patients' tissue as 'deeply' as possible. Although it is yet to be shown, which levels of biological information are most informative for predictive pathology, an integrated molecular characterization of tumors will likely offer the most comprehensive view for individualized therapy approaches. To optimize cancer treatment we need to understand tumor biology in much more detail on morphological, genetic, proteomic as well as epigenetic grounds. Finally, the complex challenges on the level of drug design, molecular diagnostics, and clinical trials make necessary a close collaboration among academic institutions, regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M V Laffert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Bläker
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B M Pfitzner
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Darb-Esfahani
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F L Heppner
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Koch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Sers
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Konda B, Shum H, Rajdev L. Anti-angiogenic agents in metastatic colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:71-86. [PMID: 26191351 PMCID: PMC4501927 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i7.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health concern being the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. The availability of better therapeutic options has led to a decline in cancer mortality in these patients. Surgical resection should be considered in all stages of the disease. The use of conversion therapy has made surgery a potentially curative option even in patients with initially unresectable metastatic disease. In this review we discuss the role of various anti-angiogenic agents in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). We describe the mechanism of action of these agents, and the rationale for their use in combination with chemotherapy. We also review important clinical studies that have evaluated the safety and efficacy of these agents in mCRC patients. Despite the discovery of several promising anti-angiogenic agents, mCRC remains an incurable disease with a median overall survival of just over 2 years in patients exposed to all available treatment regimens. Further insights into tumor biology and tumor microenvironment may help improve outcomes in these patients.
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9
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Nazarov AA, Baquié M, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Zava O, van Beijnum JR, Groessl M, Chisholm DM, Ahmadi Z, McIndoe JS, Griffioen AW, van den Bergh H, Dyson PJ. Synthesis and characterization of a new class of anti-angiogenic agents based on ruthenium clusters. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1485. [PMID: 23508096 PMCID: PMC6504821 DOI: 10.1038/srep01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
New triruthenium-carbonyl clusters derivatized with glucose-modified bicyclophosphite ligands have been synthesized. These compounds were found to have cytostatic and cytotoxic activity and depending on the number of bicyclophosphite ligands, and could be tuned for either anti-cancer or specific anti-angiogenic activity. While some compounds had a broad cellular toxicity profile in several cell types others showed endothelial cell specific dose-dependent anti-proliferative and anti-migratory efficacy. A profound inhibition of angiogenesis was also observed in the in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, and consequently, these new compounds have considerable potential in drug design, e.g. for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Nazarov
- 1] Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland [2] Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Raez LE, Santos ES. Preliminary considerations on the use of nintedanib (BIBF 1120) in lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer Manag 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.14.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, 801 N Flamingo Road suite 11, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, FL, USA
| | - Edgardo S Santos
- Thoracic & Head & Neck Cancer Programs, Lynn Cancer Institute, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, FL, USA
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11
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Pereira PR, Odashiro AN, Lim LA, Miyamoto C, Blanco PL, Odashiro M, Maloney S, De Souza DF, Burnier MN. Current and emerging treatment options for uveal melanoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7:1669-82. [PMID: 24003303 PMCID: PMC3755706 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s28863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults, with a 10-year cumulative metastatic rate of 34%. The most common site of metastasis is the liver (95%). Unfortunately, the current treatment of metastatic UM is limited by the lack of effective systemic therapy. Options for the management of the primary intraocular tumor include radical surgery as well as conservative treatments in order to preserve visual acuity. For metastatic disease, several approaches have been described with no standard method. Nevertheless, median survival after liver metastasis is poor, being around 4–6 months, with a 1-year survival of 10%–15%. In this review, the authors summarize current and promising new treatments for UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rusa Pereira
- The Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Rolfo C, Raez LE, Bronte G, Santos ES, Papadimitriou K, Buffoni L, van Meerbeeck JP, Russo A. BIBF 1120/nintedanib: a new triple angiokinase inhibitor-directed therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1081-8. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.812630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rolfo
- Antwerp University Hospital, Oncology Department, Phase I â Early Clinical Trials Unit,
Edegem, Belgium
| | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Thoracic Oncology Program,
Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- University of Palermo, Department of Surgical and Oncology Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology,
Palermo, Italy
| | - Edgardo S Santos
- Lynn Cancer Institute, Thoracic Oncology,
Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | | | - Lucio Buffoni
- San Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology,
Turin, Italy
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine,
Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Blagoev KB, Wilkerson J, Stein WD, Motzer RJ, Bates SE, Fojo AT. Sunitinib does not accelerate tumor growth in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cell Rep 2013; 3:277-81. [PMID: 23395639 PMCID: PMC6936322 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that sunitinib accelerates metastases in animals, ascribing this to inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor or the tumor’s adaptation. To address whether sunitinib accelerates tumors in humans, we analyzed data from the pivotal randomized phase III trial comparing sunitinib and interferon alfa in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The evidence clearly shows that sunitinib was not harm- ful, did not accelerate tumor growth, and did not shorten survival. Specifically, neither longer sunitinib treatment nor a greater effect of sunitinib on tumors reduced survival. Sunitinib did reduce the tumor’s growth rate while administered, thereby improving survival, without appearing to alter tumor biology after discontinuation. Concerns arising from animal models do not apply to patients receiving sunitinib and likely will not apply to similar agents.
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14
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Zou H, Zhang L, Ouyang J, Giulianotti MA, Yu Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-indolinone derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5970-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Schönthal AH. Adverse effects of concentrated green tea extracts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:874-85. [PMID: 21538851 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of health claims are being made in favor of the consumption of green tea. However, mostly due to the easy availability and greater than ever popularity of highly concentrated green tea extracts, sometimes combined with an attitude of more-is-better, certain health risks of green tea consumption have begun to emerge. Among such risks are the possibility of liver damage, the potential to interact with prescription drugs to alter their therapeutic efficacy, and the chance to cause harm when combined with other highly popular herbal remedies. This review will summarize documented examples of adverse effects of green tea in humans, and will discuss risks of copious consumption of highly concentrated green tea extracts as indicated by studies in animals. While there is no intention to minimize any of the scientifically established benefits of the use of green tea, the purpose of this review is to focus primarily on the potential for adverse effects and raise awareness of the rare, yet under-appreciated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel H Schönthal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Targeting angiogenesis from multiple pathways simultaneously: BIBF 1120, an investigational novel triple angiokinase inhibitor. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1261-9. [PMID: 21350804 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered one of the major components of tumor progression and metastasis. Interfering with the formation and stabilization of tumor blood vessels could increase tumor response rates and may translate into improved clinical outcomes in cancer patients. The clinical efficacy demonstrated in phase III trials with bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor ligand, suggests that targeting angiogenesis is a rational approach to cancer management. Agents that target additional proangiogenic intracellular signaling pathways also have the potential to contribute to our anticancer armamentarium. Novel targeted agents that have antiangiogenic properties have been developed in recent years such as sorafenib, sunitinib, vandetanib, and others. Many of them inhibit additional pathways beyond vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. One of these investigational targeted agents is a triple angiokinase inhibitor known as BIBF 1120. This compound targets not only vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, but also fibroblast growth factor receptors, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. The preliminary clinical efficacy of BIBF 1120 is discussed in the context of the most relevant clinical data in several malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer.
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Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of targeted clinical interventions with increased selectivity and fewer adverse effects hold great promise in the treatment of solid malignancies, both in monotherapy and in combination. Molecular targeted therapies offer increasingly customized solutions based on the targeting of multiple specific pathways essential for cancer development and metastasis, allowing the maintenance of quality of life while efficiently attacking the tumor. To date, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small-molecule inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of colorectal, breast, head and neck, non-small cell lung and renal cell cancer. A number of additional targeted therapies are currently being investigated in ongoing clinical trials in various tumor types such as lung, gastric, cervical, uterine melanoma, and brain tumors. This article describes current and newly developed targeted therapies in solid tumors, with a special focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These include mAbs and small-molecule inhibitors that aim to specifically disrupt receptor signaling pathways, which are essential for proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells.
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Melton SD, Genta RM, Souza RF. Biomarkers and molecular diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic neoplasms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 7:620-8. [PMID: 20924366 PMCID: PMC3197699 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard protocols for the diagnosis of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract are based on histopathologic analysis in combination with clinical information. With the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, our understanding of the contribution of genetics to human disease has increased exponentially. This knowledge is gradually being incorporated into clinical decision-making. However, the rate at which molecular biomarkers are validated for use in mainstream clinical applications has lagged far behind that of biomarker discovery. Nevertheless, a number of molecular biomarkers are available for use in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. This article reviews the most common molecular biomarkers currently available for neoplasms of the luminal gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In neoplasms of the esophagus, for which no biomarkers are currently used in routine clinical practice, those that have shown the most promise in early clinical validation studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby D. Melton
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, VA North Texas Health Care System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Robert M. Genta
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, VA North Texas Health Care System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, Caris Research Institute, Irving, TX
| | - Rhonda F. Souza
- Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System & University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Okamoto I, Shimizu T, Miyazaki M, Tsurutani J, Ichikawa Y, Terashima M, Takeda M, Fumita S, Ohki E, Kimura N, Hashimoto J, Nakagawa K. Feasibility study of two schedules of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:639-46. [PMID: 20960028 PMCID: PMC3277823 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, as well as of other receptor types. We have performed a feasibility study to investigate the safety of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed for treatment of advanced refractory solid tumors. Methods Sunitinib was administered once daily on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule (37.5 mg/day) or a 2-weeks-on, 1-week-off treatment schedule (50 mg/day, Schedule 2/1) in combination with pemetrexed at 500 mg/m2 on day 1 of repeated 21-day cycles. Results Twelve patients were enrolled in the study: six on the CDD schedule and six on Schedule 2/1. None of the treated patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity. Toxicities were manageable and similar in type to those observed in monotherapy studies of sunitinib and pemetrexed. Pharmacokinetic analysis did not reveal any substantial drug–drug interaction. One patient with squamous cell lung cancer showed a partial response and five patients had stable disease. Conclusions Combination therapy with sunitinib administered on Schedule 2/1 (50 mg/day) or a CDD schedule (37.5 mg/day) together with standard-dose pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) was well tolerated in previously treated patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
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