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Farka Z, Brandmeier JC, Mickert MJ, Pastucha M, Lacina K, Skládal P, Soukka T, Gorris HH. Nanoparticle-Based Bioaffinity Assays: From the Research Laboratory to the Market. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307653. [PMID: 38039956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of new biorecognition elements, nanoparticle-based labels as well as instrumentation have inspired the design of new bioaffinity assays. This review critically discusses the potential of nanoparticles to replace current enzymatic or molecular labels in immunoassays and other bioaffinity assays. Successful implementations of nanoparticles in commercial assays and the need for rapid tests incorporating nanoparticles in different roles such as capture support, signal generation elements, and signal amplification systems are highlighted. The limited number of nanoparticles applied in current commercial assays can be explained by challenges associated with the analysis of real samples (e.g., blood, urine, or nasal swabs) that are difficult to resolve, particularly if the same performance can be achieved more easily by conventional labels. Lateral flow assays that are based on the visual detection of the red-colored line formed by colloidal gold are a notable exception, exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests that have moved from initial laboratory testing to widespread market adaption in less than two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Matěj Pastucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- TestLine Clinical Diagnostics, Křižíkova 188, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
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Alziyadi MO, Denton AR. Osmotic pressure and swelling behavior of ionic microcapsules. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214904. [PMID: 34879668 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic microcapsules are hollow shells of hydrogel, typically 10-1000 nm in radius, composed of cross-linked polymer networks that become charged and swollen in a good solvent. The ability of microcapsules to swell/deswell in response to changes in external stimuli (e.g., temperature, pH, and ionic strength) suits them to applications, such as drug delivery, biosensing, and catalysis. The equilibrium swelling behavior of ionic microcapsules is determined by a balance of electrostatic and elastic forces. The electrostatic component of the osmotic pressure of a microcapsule-the difference in the pressure between the inside and outside of the particle-plays a vital role in determining the swelling behavior. Within the spherical cell model, we derive exact expressions for the radial pressure profile and for the electrostatic and gel components of the osmotic pressure of a microcapsule, which we compute via Poisson-Boltzmann theory and molecular dynamics simulation. For the gel component, we use the Flory-Rehner theory of polymer networks. By combining the electrostatic and gel components of the osmotic pressure, we compute the equilibrium size of ionic microcapsules as a function of particle concentration, shell thickness, and valence. We predict concentration-driven deswelling at relatively low concentrations at which steric interactions between particles are weak and demonstrate that this response can be attributed to crowding-induced redistribution of counterions. Our approach may help to guide the design and applications of smart stimuli-responsive colloidal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O Alziyadi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, USA
| | - Alan R Denton
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, USA
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Slyusareva E, Gerasimova M, Slabko V, Abuzova N, Plotnikov A, Eychmüller A. Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes Doped with Xanthene Dyes. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3997-4003. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Slyusareva
- Siberian Federal University; Svobodny Prospect 79 660041 Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Marina Gerasimova
- Siberian Federal University; Svobodny Prospect 79 660041 Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Vitaliy Slabko
- Siberian Federal University; Svobodny Prospect 79 660041 Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Nina Abuzova
- Siberian Federal University; Svobodny Prospect 79 660041 Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Alexei Plotnikov
- Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstraße 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
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Tang Q, Denton AR. Ion density deviations in polyelectrolyte microcapsules: influence on biosensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20924-31. [PMID: 25171306 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02773f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte microcapsules loaded with fluorescent dyes have been proposed as biosensors to monitor local pH and ionic strength for diagnostic purposes. In the case of charged microcapsules, however, the local electric field can cause deviations of ion densities inside the cavities, potentially resulting in misdiagnosis of some diseases. Using nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory, we systematically investigate these deviations induced by charged microcapsules. Our results show that the microcapsule charge density, as well as the capsule and salt concentrations, contribute to deviations of local ion concentrations and pH. Our findings are relevant for applications of polyelectrolyte microcapsules with encapsulated ion-sensitive dyes as biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Tang
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
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Koren K, Borisov SM, Klimant I. Stable optical oxygen sensing materials based on click-coupling of fluorinated platinum(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins-A convenient way to eliminate dye migration and leaching. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2012; 169:173-181. [PMID: 23576845 PMCID: PMC3617919 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution of the labile para-fluorine atoms of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl groups enables a click-based covalent linkage of an oxygen indicator (platinum(II) or palladium(II) 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin) to the sensor matrix. Copolymers of styrene and pentafluorostyrene are chosen as polymeric materials. Depending on the reaction conditions either soluble sensor materials or cross-linked microparticles are obtained. Additionally, we prepared Ormosil-based sensors with linked indicator, which showed very high sensitivity toward oxygen. The effect of covalent coupling on sensor characteristics, stability and photophysical properties is studied. It is demonstrated that leaching and migration of the dye are eliminated in the new materials but excellent photophysical properties of the indicators are preserved.
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Sauer R, Turshatov A, Baluschev S, Landfester K. One-Pot Production of Fluorescent Surface-Labeled Polymeric Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization with Bodipy Surfmers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Sauer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
- Optics and Spectroscopy
Department,
Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ochridski”, 5 James Bourchier, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
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