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Minasandra P, Jensen FH, Gersick AS, Holekamp KE, Strauss ED, Strandburg-Peshkin A. Accelerometer-based predictions of behaviour elucidate factors affecting the daily activity patterns of spotted hyenas. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230750. [PMID: 38026018 PMCID: PMC10645113 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Animal activity patterns are highly variable and influenced by internal and external factors, including social processes. Quantifying activity patterns in natural settings can be challenging, as it is difficult to monitor animals over long time periods. Here, we developed and validated a machine-learning-based classifier to identify behavioural states from accelerometer data of wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), social carnivores that live in large fission-fusion societies. By combining this classifier with continuous collar-based accelerometer data from five hyenas, we generated a complete record of activity patterns over more than one month. We used these continuous behavioural sequences to investigate how past activity, individual idiosyncrasies, and social synchronization influence hyena activity patterns. We found that hyenas exhibit characteristic crepuscular-nocturnal daily activity patterns. Time spent active was independent of activity level on previous days, suggesting that hyenas do not show activity compensation. We also found limited evidence for an effect of individual identity on activity, and showed that pairs of hyenas who synchronized their activity patterns must have spent more time together. This study sheds light on the patterns and drivers of activity in spotted hyena societies, and also provides a useful tool for quantifying behavioural sequences from accelerometer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Minasandra
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frants H. Jensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Gersick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kay E. Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eli D. Strauss
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Cliffe RN, Haupt RJ, Kennedy S, Felton C, Williams HJ, Avey-Arroyo J, Wilson R. The behaviour and activity budgets of two sympatric sloths; Bradypus variegatus and Choloepus hoffmanni. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15430. [PMID: 37273542 PMCID: PMC10234273 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is usually beneficial for species to restrict activity to a particular phase of the 24-hour cycle as this enables the development of morphological and behavioural adaptations to enhance survival under specific biotic and abiotic conditions. Sloth activity patterns are thought to be strongly related to the environmental conditions due to the metabolic consequences of having a low and highly variable core body temperature. Understanding the drivers of sloth activity and their ability to withstand environmental fluctuations is of growing importance for the development of effective conservation measures, particularly when we consider the vulnerability of tropical ecosystems to climate change and the escalating impacts of anthropogenic activities in South and Central America. Unfortunately, the cryptic nature of sloths makes long term observational research difficult and so there is very little existing literature examining the behavioural ecology of wild sloths. Here, we used micro data loggers to continuously record, for the first time, the behaviour of both Bradypus and Choloepus sloths over periods of days to weeks. We investigate how fluctuations in the environmental conditions affect the activity of sloths inhabiting a lowland rainforest on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and examined how this might relate to their low power lifestyle. Both Bradypus and Choloepus sloths were found to be cathemeral in their activity, with high levels of between-individual and within-individual variation in the amounts of time spent active, and in the temporal distribution of activity over the 24-hour cycle. Daily temperature did not affect activity, although Bradypus sloths were found to show increased nocturnal activity on colder nights, and on nights following colder days. Our results demonstrate a distinct lack of synchronicity within the same population, and we suggest that this pattern provides sloths with the flexibility to exploit favourable environmental conditions whilst reducing the threat of predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Cliffe
- The Sloth Conservation Foundation, Hayfield, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- The Sloth Sanctuary of Costa Rica, Limon, Costa Rica
| | - Ryan J. Haupt
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kennedy
- The Sloth Conservation Foundation, Hayfield, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cerys Felton
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J. Williams
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Migration Department, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
| | | | - Rory Wilson
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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3
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Wereszczuk A, Zalewski A. An anthropogenic landscape reduces the influence of climate conditions and moonlight on carnivore activity. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023; 77:55. [PMID: 37200556 PMCID: PMC10172063 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Abiotic factors are limitations that can affect animal activity and distribution, whether directly or indirectly. The objective of this study was to evaluate how abiotic factors influence the activity of two mustelid species inhabiting the same region but different habitats in NE Poland-pine marten inhabits forests and stone marten occupy built-up areas. From 1991 to 2016, we obtained 23,639 year-round observations of 15 pine martens and 8524 observations of 47 stone martens. We explore the influence of ambient temperature, snow cover depth and moonlight reaching the ground and interactions between these variables on the probability of martens' activity. The activity of pine martens living in natural habitats is more affected by climate conditions and moonlight than that of stone martens living in anthropogenic areas. Pine martens inhabiting forests increased activity when the ambient temperature was above 0 °C and snow cover was absent, as well as when the ambient temperature dropped to - 15 °C and snow cover depth was about 10 cm. Stone marten occupying anthropogenic areas did not reduce their activity if the temperature dropped. Variation of activity in relation to ambient conditions is probably related to pine martens' behavioural thermoregulation. The pine marten was active more frequently on bright nights, while moonlight intensity did not affect the activity of the stone marten. Our study concludes that complex interactions among abiotic factors concerning different habitats play a synergetic role in shaping carnivore activity and suggest that climate warming may affect the behaviour of both martens. Significance statement The survival and reproduction of animals depends on their activity, which is subject to various constraints. We studied the influence of climate conditions and moonlight intensity on the ground on the activity of pine and stone marten. We found that pine martens in natural habitat were greatly impacted by ambient conditions, whereas stone martens in built-up areas were less so. Natural habitats involve limitations related to harsh winters but may mitigate the effects of high temperatures. In contrast, animals living in built-up areas are exposed to higher temperatures in summer, which is of particular importance in the face of climate change. Our results show that the combination of several environmental factors affects animal behaviour and these factors have varying effects in various habitats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-023-03331-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wereszczuk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
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4
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Differentiation of activity rhythms and space use between two competing water shrew species in a laboratory experiment. MAMMAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-023-00675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHypotheses
about the differentiation of activity rhythms and space use between two competing species of water shrews, Neomys anomalus [AA] and N. fodiens [FF], were verified in a laboratory experiment. The animals were kept together for 2 months in an enclosure (195 × 145 cm) and their activity was video recorded using the time-lapse mode. Changes in activity rhythms, distances kept between active animals, and frequency of interspecific conflicts were compared between the early (first 24 h) and late (last 24 h, after 2 months) phases of the animals’ coexistence in the mixed group. In both phases, the activity of both species was relatively evenly distributed over 24 h, with breaks in activity nearly every 1 h. During the early phase, both species were equally and simultaneously active, whereas in the late phase, as predicted, the activity of FF was lower than that of AA, and asynchronous. In the late phase, pairs of different species (F-A) were rarely active simultaneously and kept long inter-individual distances. Consequently, the number of conflicts decreased. The results suggest that, over time, water shrews can develop mechanisms diminishing interference competition, which are based on shifts in activity rhythms, maintaining distance between individuals, and the rare usage of the same shelters and feeding sites.
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5
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Guerisoli MM, Fergnani DM, Fracassi NG, Thompson J, Pereira JA. Activity patterns of the marsh deer: Effects of proxies of human movement, cattle presence, and moon phases on its behavior. J Zool (1987) 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Guerisoli
- División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. M. Fergnani
- División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - N. G. Fracassi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Paraná de las Palmas and Canal Laurentino Comas (2804) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J. Thompson
- Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay Instituto Saite, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Asunción Paraguay
| | - J. A. Pereira
- División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
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6
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Xenarthra richness and activity pattern in the Brazilian Amazon. Mamm Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Peral C, Landman M, Kerley GIH. The inappropriate use of time-to-independence biases estimates of activity patterns of free-ranging mammals derived from camera traps. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9408. [PMID: 36311406 PMCID: PMC9596328 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring and comparing activity patterns provide key insights into the behavioral trade-offs that result in animal activity and their extrinsic and intrinsic drivers. Camera traps are a recently emerged source of data for sampling animal activity used to estimate activity patterns. However, nearly 70% of studies using such data to estimate activity patterns apply a time-to-independence data filter to discard appreciable periods of sampling effort. This treatment of activity as a discrete event emerged from the use of camera trap data to estimate animal abundances, but does not reflect the continuous nature of behavior, and may bias resulting estimates of activity patterns. We used a large, freely available camera trap dataset to test the effects of time to independence on the estimated activity of eight medium- to large-sized African mammals. We show that discarding data through the use of time-to-independence filters causes substantial losses in sample sizes and differences in the estimated activity of species. Activity patterns estimated for herbivore species were more affected by the application of time-to-independence data filters than carnivores, this extending to estimates of potential interactions (activity overlap) between herbivore species. We hypothesize that this pattern could reflect the typically more abundant, social, and patch-specific foraging patterns of herbivores and suggest that this effect may bias estimates of predator-prey interactions. Activity estimates of rare species, with less data available, may be particularly vulnerable to loss of data through the application of time-to-independence data filters. We conclude that the application of time-to-independence data filters in camera trap-based estimates of activity patterns is not valid and should not be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Peral
- Centre for African Conservation EcologyNelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa
| | - Marietjie Landman
- Centre for African Conservation EcologyNelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa
| | - Graham I. H. Kerley
- Centre for African Conservation EcologyNelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa
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8
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Blašković S, Gomerčić T, Topličanec I, Sindičić M. Temporal overlap of human and apex predator activity on wildlife trails and forest roads. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.22029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Blašković
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia; e-mail: ,, ,
| | - Tomislav Gomerčić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia; e-mail: ,, ,
| | - Ira Topličanec
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia; e-mail: ,, ,
| | - Magda Sindičić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia; e-mail: ,, ,
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9
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Zaman M, Roberts NJ, Zhu M, Vitekere K, Wang M, Jiang G. Temporal activity patterns of North China leopards and their prey in response to moonlight and habitat factors. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9032. [PMID: 35784060 PMCID: PMC9219109 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The nocturnal activities of predators and prey are influenced by several factors, including physiological adaptations, habitat quality and, we suspect, corresponds to changes in brightness of moonlight according to moon phase. In this study, we used a dataset from 102 camera traps to explore which factors are related to the activity pattern of North China leopards (Panthera pardus japonensis) in Shanxi Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve (TPNR), China. We found that nocturnal activities of leopards were irregular during four different lunar phases, and while not strictly lunar philic or lunar phobic, their temporal activity was highest during the brighter moon phases (especially the last quarter) and lower during the new moon phase. On the contrary, roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) exhibited lunar philic activity, while wild boar (Sus scrofa) and tolai hare (Lepus tolai) were evidently lunar phobic, with high and low temporal activity during the full moon, respectively. In terms of temporal overlap, there was positive overlap between leopards and their prey species, including roe deer and tolai hare, while leopard activity did not dip to the same low level of wild boar during the full moon phase. Human activities also more influenced the temporal activity of leopards and wild boar than other species investigated. Generally, our results suggested that besides moonlight risk index (MRI), cloud cover and season have diverse effects on leopard and prey nocturnal activity. Finally, distinct daytime and nighttime habitats were identified, with leopards, wild boar, and tolai hare all using lower elevations at night and higher elevations during the day, while leopards and roe deer were closer to secondary roads during the day than at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Feline Research Center of China National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Nathan James Roberts
- Feline Research Center of China National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Mengyan Zhu
- Feline Research Center of China National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- College of Life ScienceYanan UniversityYananChina
| | - Kasereka Vitekere
- Feline Research Center of China National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- University of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Meng Wang
- Feline Research Center of China National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- Chengdu ZooChengduChina
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- Feline Research Center of China National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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10
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Kasozi H, Moll RJ, Kityo RM, Montgomery RA. Phylogeny is a stronger predictor of activity than allometry in an African mammal community. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In promoting coexistence, sympatric species often partition shared resources along spatio-temporal domains. Similarly sized and phylogenetically close species, for instance, partition the times of day in which they are active to limit interference competition. Given that variation in species body mass has evolutionary underpinnings, species activity levels (time spent active in a 24-h daily cycle) within animal communities might be structured by phylogeny. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis across animal communities, and none among medium-sized to large mammals. We quantified the relative contributions of phylogeny and body mass in predicting activity levels in a community of 22 sympatric mammal species in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda. We show that phylogeny is a stronger predictor of species activity levels than body mass. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the phylogenetic structuring of mammal activity in diverse communities. More broadly, our results suggest that evolutionary relationships mask allometry in predicting species traits in diverse animal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kasozi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 14 Natural Resources, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, 56 College Road, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Robert M Kityo
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxfordshire, UK
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12
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Rocha M, Serronha A, Rodrigues M, Alves PC, Monterroso P. Comfort over safety: thermoregulation overshadows predation risk effects in the activity of a keystone prey. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rocha
- Escola de Ciências Universidade do Minho Braga Portugal
| | - A. Serronha
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto CIBIO Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal
| | - M. Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto CIBIO Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal
- Estação Biológica de Mértola (EBM) Mértola Portugal
| | - P. C. Alves
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto CIBIO Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal
- Estação Biológica de Mértola (EBM) Mértola Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - P. Monterroso
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto CIBIO Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal
- Estação Biológica de Mértola (EBM) Mértola Portugal
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13
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Mazza V, Czyperreck I, Eccard JA, Dammhahn M. Cross-Context Responses to Novelty in Rural and Urban Small Mammals. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.661971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anthropocene is the era of urbanization. The accelerating expansion of cities occurs at the expense of natural reservoirs of biodiversity and presents animals with challenges for which their evolutionary past might not have prepared them. Cognitive and behavioral adjustments to novelty could promote animals’ persistence under these altered conditions. We investigated the structure of, and covariance between, different aspects of responses to novelty in rural and urban small mammals of two non-commensal rodent species. We ran replicated experiments testing responses to three novelty types (object, food, or space) of 47 individual common voles (Microtus arvalis) and 41 individual striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius). We found partial support for the hypothesis that responses to novelty are structured, clustering (i) speed of responses, (ii) intensity of responses, and (iii) responses to food into separate dimensions. Rural and urban small mammals did not differ in most responses to novelty, suggesting that urban habitats do not reduce neophobia in these species. Further studies investigating whether comparable response patters are found throughout different stages of colonization, and along synurbanization processes of different duration, will help illuminate the dynamics of animals’ cognitive adjustments to urban life.
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14
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Harmange C, Bretagnolle V, Chabaud N, Sarasa M, Pays O. Diel cycle in a farmland bird is shaped by contrasting predation and human pressures. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In human-dominated landscapes, human disturbances may contrast (spatially and/or temporally) with risk imposed by non-human predators. However, how prey adjust behaviour to minimize risk from multiple threats remains unclear. In Central-Western France, we investigated patterns of activity, space and habitat use, and causes of variations during the diel cycle of the grey partridge (captive-reared, released), a farmland bird facing multiple risks (nocturnal predation, diurnal hunting pressure). We also investigated influence of individual space use, relative to risk-related features on the fate of birds. Birds adjusted their behaviours in ways consistent with the reduction of risk from nocturnal carnivores at night and hunters during daytime. We recorded bimodal crepuscular activity, likely explained by commuting movements between spatially-separated diurnal and nocturnal sites composed of different habitats: selection of open terrains and avoidance of predator reservoirs at night vs. use of high-vegetation cover during daytime. We observed space use differences between surviving, hunted and predated birds. Predation and hunting activities act as contrasting pressures, selecting birds based on their spatial behaviour, which has likely shaped diel adjustments at the population level. An improved consideration of temporal variation in environmental pressures would help to reliably address factors constraining populations, so increasing wildlife management efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Harmange
- LETG-Angers, UMR 6554 CNRS, Université d’Angers, Lavoisier, Angers, France
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
- REHABS International Research Laboratory, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive, George, South Africa
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre”, CNRS, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Nathan Chabaud
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
| | - Mathieu Sarasa
- BEOPS, 1 Esplanade Compans Caffarelli, Toulouse, France
- Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs, rue du Général Leclerc, Issy-les-Moulineaux cedex, France
| | - Olivier Pays
- LETG-Angers, UMR 6554 CNRS, Université d’Angers, Lavoisier, Angers, France
- REHABS International Research Laboratory, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive, George, South Africa
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15
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Pardo LE, Edwards W, Campbell MJ, Gómez-Valencia B, Clements GR, Laurance WF. Effects of oil palm and human presence on activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in the Colombian Llanos. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe ability of animals to adjust their behaviour can influence how they respond to environmental changes and human presence. We quantified activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in oil palm plantations and native riparian forest in Colombia to determine if species exhibited behavioural changes depending on the type of habitat and the presence of humans. Despite the large sampling effort (12,403 camera-days), we were only able to examine the activity patterns of ten species in riparian forests and seven species in oil palm plantations, with four species (capybara, giant anteater, lesser anteater and common opossum) being represented by enough records (i.e. n > 20) in both oil palm and forest to allow robust comparisons. Only capybaras showed an apparent change in activity patterns between oil palm plantations and riparian forests, shifting from being crepuscular in forest to predominantly nocturnal inside oil palm plantations. Further, capybaras, giant anteaters and white-tailed deer appeared to modify their activities to avoid human presence inside oil palm plantations by increasing nocturnality (temporal overlap $$\widehat{\Delta }$$
Δ
^
ranged from 0.13 to 0.36), whereas jaguarundi had high overlap with human activities [$$\widehat{\Delta }$$
Δ
^
=0.85 (0.61–0.90)]. Species pair-wise analysis within oil palm revealed evidence for temporal segregation between species occupying the same trophic position (e.g. foxes and jaguarundi), whereas some predators and their prey (e.g. ocelots and armadillos) had high overlaps in temporal activity patterns as might be expected. Our findings shed light on the potential behavioural adaptation of mammals to anthropogenic landscapes, a feature not captured in traditional studies that focus on measures such as species richness or abundance.
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16
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Ji Y, Yuan S, Fu H, Yang S, Bu F, Li X, Wu X. Activity strategy and pattern of the Siberian jerboa ( Orientallactaga sibirica) in the Alxa desert region, China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10996. [PMID: 33854836 PMCID: PMC7955674 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents exhibit seasonal changes in their activity patterns as an essential survival strategy. We studied the activity patterns and strategies of the Siberian jerboa (Orientallactaga sibirica) in the Alxa desert region to better understand the habitats and behavioural ecology of xeric rodents. We conducted an experiment using three plots to monitor the duration, time, and frequency of the active period of the Siberian jerboa using infrared cameras in the Alxa field workstation, Inner Mongolia, China in 2017. The relationships between the activity time and frequency, biological factors (perceived predation risk, food resources, and species composition), and abiotic factors (temperature, air moisture, wind speed) were analysed using Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Our results showed that: (1) relative humidity mainly affected activities in the springtime; temperature, relative humidity and interspecific competition mainly affected activities in the summertime; relative humidity and perceived predation risk mainly influenced activities in the autumn. (2) The activity pattern of the Siberian jerboa altered depending on the season. The activity of the Siberian jerboa was found to be bimodal in spring and summer, and was trimodal in autumn. The activity time and frequency in autumn were significantly lower than the spring. (3) Animals possess the ability to integrate disparate sources of information about danger to optimize energy gain. The jerboa adapted different responses to predation risks and competition in different seasons according to the demand for food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Rodent Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Rodent Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Fu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Rodent Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Hohhot, China.,College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Suwen Yang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Rodent Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Hohhot, China
| | - Fan Bu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Rodent Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Rodent Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Rodent Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Hohhot, China
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17
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Cox DTC, Gardner AS, Gaston KJ. Diel niche variation in mammals associated with expanded trait space. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1753. [PMID: 33741946 PMCID: PMC7979707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian life shows huge diversity, but most groups remain nocturnal in their activity pattern. A key unresolved question is whether mammal species that have diversified into different diel niches occupy unique regions of functional trait space. For 5,104 extant mammals we show here that daytime-active species (cathemeral or diurnal) evolved trait combinations along different gradients from those of nocturnal and crepuscular species. Hypervolumes of five major functional traits (body mass, litter size, diet, foraging strata, habitat breadth) reveal that 30% of diurnal trait space is unique, compared to 55% of nocturnal trait space. Almost half of trait space (44%) of species with apparently obligate diel niches is shared with those that can switch, suggesting that more species than currently realised may be somewhat flexible in their activity patterns. Increasingly, conservation measures have focused on protecting functionally unique species; for mammals, protecting functional distinctiveness requires a focus across diel niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - A S Gardner
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - K J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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18
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Shankar A, Salaria N, Sanil R, Chackaravarthy SD, Shameer TT. Spatio-Temporal Association of Fishing Cats with the Mammalian Assemblages in the East Godavari Mangrove Delta, India. MAMMAL STUDY 2020. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anant Shankar
- Divisional Forest Office (Wildlife), Forest Circle Office Complex, Opp Arts College, Nehru nagar, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India, 533103
| | - Nandani Salaria
- Divisional Forest Office, Madhava Nagar, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, 53303
| | - Raveendranathanpillai Sanil
- Molecular Biodiversity Lab, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam - 643002, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thekke Thumbath Shameer
- Molecular Biodiversity Lab, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam - 643002, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Melville HIAS, Conway WC, Hardin JB, Comer CE, Morrison ML. Abiotic variables influencing the nocturnal movements of bobcats and coyotes. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haemish I. A. S. Melville
- H. I. A. S. Melville (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-2273) ✉ , Nature Conservation Programme, Dept of Environmental Sciences, UNISA Science Campus, Florida, Gauteng 1710, South Africa
| | - Warren C. Conway
- W. C. Conway, Bricker Endowed Chair in Wildlife Management, Dept of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jason B. Hardin
- J. B. Hardin, Turkey Program Leader, Texas Parks and Wildlife, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher E. Comer
- C. E. Comer (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-7444), Director of Conservation, Safari Club International Foundation, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael L. Morrison
- M. L. Morrison, Caesar Kleberg Chair, Dept of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA
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20
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Rocha R, López-Baucells A, Farneda FZ, Ferreira DF, Silva I, Acácio M, Palmeirim JM, Meyer CFJ. Second-growth and small forest clearings have little effect on the temporal activity patterns of Amazonian phyllostomid bats. Curr Zool 2020; 66:145-153. [PMID: 32440274 PMCID: PMC7233614 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary forests and human-made forest gaps are conspicuous features of tropical landscapes. Yet, behavioral responses to these aspects of anthropogenically modified forests remain poorly investigated. Here, we analyze the effects of small human-made clearings and secondary forests on tropical bats by examining the guild- and species-level activity patterns of phyllostomids sampled in the Central Amazon, Brazil. Specifically, we contrast the temporal activity patterns and degree of temporal overlap of 6 frugivorous and 4 gleaning animalivorous species in old-growth forest and second-growth forest and of 4 frugivores in old-growth forest and forest clearings. The activity patterns of frugivores and gleaning animalivores did not change between old-growth forest and second-growth, nor did the activity patterns of frugivores between old-growth forest and clearings. However, at the species level, we detected significant differences for Artibeus obscurus (old-growth forest vs. second-growth) and A. concolor (old-growth forest vs. clearings). The degree of temporal overlap was greater than random in all sampled habitats. However, for frugivorous species, the degree of temporal overlap was similar between old-growth forest and second-growth; whereas for gleaning animalivores, it was lower in second-growth than in old-growth forest. On the contrary, forest clearings were characterized by increased temporal overlap between frugivores. Changes in activity patterns and temporal overlap may result from differential foraging opportunities and dissimilar predation risks. Yet, our analyses suggest that activity patterns of bats in second-growth and small forest clearings, 2 of the most prominent habitats in humanized tropical landscapes, varies little from the activity patterns in old-growth forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Conservation Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, Granollers, 08402, Spain
| | - Fábio Z Farneda
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Diogo F Ferreira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Conservation Ecology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Marta Acácio
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jorge M Palmeirim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
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21
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Kämmerle JL, Rondeaux S, Storch I. Circadian activity patterns of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in montane forests under different culling regimes. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Gámez-Brunswick C, Rojas-Soto O. The effect of seasonal variation on the activity patterns of the American black bear: an ecological niche modeling approach. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe American black bear (Ursus americanus) has very plastic activity patterns that maximize its ability to adapt to changing environments. Hibernation length is positively correlated with latitude, where northern populations remain in hibernation for up to 5 months during the winter; however, the species may not hibernate at all in its southern range. Several studies have focused on the description of the species’ ecology from specific locations; however, the macroecological perspective of the seasonal activity in black bears has not been explored. Using ecological niche models and temporal climate transfers, we tested for a correlation between the 971 monthly activity records we obtained for this species within its whole distribution and monthly climatic conditions. We observed that there was a high degree of geographic overlap among the monthly potential transferred areas and the monthly presence locality records. Thus, we suggest that climate is one of the main factors affecting the cycles of activity of this species and explains its hibernation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gámez-Brunswick
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Laboratorio de Bioclimatología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec no. 351, Xalapa91070, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Octavio Rojas-Soto
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Laboratorio de Bioclimatología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec no. 351, Xalapa91070, Veracruz, Mexico
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23
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Davison CW, Chapman PM, Wearn OR, Bernard H, Ewers RM. Shifts in the demographics and behavior of bearded pigs (
Sus barbatus
) across a land‐use gradient. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Davison
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Berkshire UK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Robert M. Ewers
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Berkshire UK
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24
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Activity patterns and temporal niche partitioning of dogs and medium-sized wild mammals in urban parks of Xalapa, Mexico. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Campera M, Balestri M, Chimienti M, Nijman V, Nekaris KAI, Donati G. Temporal niche separation between the two ecologically similar nocturnal primates Avahi meridionalis and Lepilemur fleuretae. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Hałat Z, Dechmann DKN, Zegarek M, Visser AEJ, Ruczyński I. Sociality and insect abundance affect duration of nocturnal activity of male parti-colored bats. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Hałat
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Immuno-ecology and Migration, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcin Zegarek
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Annemiek E J Visser
- Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Agora, CJ Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Ireneusz Ruczyński
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek, Białowieża, Poland
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27
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Yang H, Han S, Xie B, Mou P, Kou X, Wang T, Ge J, Feng L. Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (
Panthera tigris altaica
)? J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- College of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - S. Han
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - B. Xie
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - P. Mou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - X. Kou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - T. Wang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - J. Ge
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - L. Feng
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard Monitoring and Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering and College of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
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28
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Connolly BM, Orrock JL. Habitat‐specific capture timing of deer mice (
Peromyscus maniculatus
) suggests that predators structure temporal activity of prey. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Connolly
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
- Department of Biology Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti MI USA
| | - John L. Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
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29
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Ferrando CPR, Leiner NO. Above-ground activity patterns of the semi-fossorial spiny rat Clyomys laticeps. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1371247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire P. Röpke Ferrando
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 2D, Rua Ceará s/n, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália Oliveira Leiner
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 4Q, Rua Ceará s/n, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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30
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Pratas‐Santiago LP, Gonçalves ALS, Nogueira AJA, Spironello WR. Dodging the moon: The moon effect on activity allocation of prey in the presence of predators. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís P. Pratas‐Santiago
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group National Institute of Amazonian Research Manaus AM Brazil
- Biology Department Aveiro University Aveiro Portugal
| | - André L. S. Gonçalves
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group National Institute of Amazonian Research Manaus AM Brazil
| | - António J. A. Nogueira
- Biology Department Aveiro University Aveiro Portugal
- Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) Aveiro University Aveiro Portugal
| | - Wilson R. Spironello
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group National Institute of Amazonian Research Manaus AM Brazil
- Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network – TEAM Manaus, AM Brazil
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31
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Vlasatá T, Šklíba J, Lövy M, Meheretu Y, Sillero-Zubiri C, Šumbera R. Daily activity patterns in the giant root rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus
), a fossorial rodent from the Afro-alpine zone of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Vlasatá
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - J. Šklíba
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology; Biology Centre CAS; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - M. Lövy
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Y. Meheretu
- Department of Biology; College of natural and computational sciences; University of Mekelle; Mekelle Ethiopia
| | - C. Sillero-Zubiri
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Zoology Department; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - R. Šumbera
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
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32
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Torretta E, Mosini A, Piana M, Tirozzi P, Serafini M, Puopolo F, Saino N, Balestrieri A. Time partitioning in mesocarnivore communities from different habitats of NW Italy: insights into martens’ competitive abilities. BEHAVIOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most studies focused on species coexistence have been directed at the differential use of habitat and food resources; nonetheless, the differential use of the diel cycle may enhance the coexistence of same-sized species. We investigated the activity patterns of mesocarnivores (red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European badger (Meles meles), pine marten (Martes martes), stone marten (M. foina)) in NW Italy via camera-trapping. We hypothesized that the smallest species would tend to avoid competition by selecting time periods when larger species were less active. Foxes, badgers, and stone martens were mainly nocturnal. In lowland areas overlap between coexisting species was generally low, while in Mediterranean habitats all activity patterns tended to be unimodal and overlap was generally high. The pine marten showed a cathemeral pattern. We suggest that the lower ability of the stone marten to avoid interference competition at community-level may play a major role in determining its widespread exclusion from forested areas by the pine marten.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Torretta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Mosini
- Valgrande Società Cooperativa — studi, opere e servizi per l’ambiente, via alla Cartiera 91, 28923 Verbania Possaccio, Italy
| | - M. Piana
- Valgrande Società Cooperativa — studi, opere e servizi per l’ambiente, via alla Cartiera 91, 28923 Verbania Possaccio, Italy
| | - P. Tirozzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Serafini
- Parco Naturale Regionale dell’Antola, via Provvidenza 3, 16029 Torriglia, Italy
| | - F. Puopolo
- Parco Naturale Regionale dell’Antola, via Provvidenza 3, 16029 Torriglia, Italy
| | - N. Saino
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Balestrieri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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33
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Díaz-Ruiz F, Caro J, Delibes-Mateos M, Arroyo B, Ferreras P. Drivers of red fox (Vulpes vulpes
) daily activity: prey availability, human disturbance or habitat structure? J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Díaz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos; IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM); Ciudad Real Spain
- CIBIO/InBIO; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
| | - J. Caro
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos; IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM); Ciudad Real Spain
| | - M. Delibes-Mateos
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos; IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM); Ciudad Real Spain
- CIBIO/InBIO; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC); Córdoba Spain
| | - B. Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos; IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM); Ciudad Real Spain
| | - P. Ferreras
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos; IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM); Ciudad Real Spain
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Yerga J, Calzada J, Manteca X, Vargas A, Pérez MJ, Palomares F, Rivas A. Ontogeny of daily activity and circadian rhythm in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Being active in the same environment at different times exposes animals to the effects of very different environmental factors, both biotic and abiotic. In the present study, we used live traps equipped with timing devices to evaluate the potential role of biotic factors (competition and food abundance) on overall overlap in the temporal niche axis of 4 insectivorous small mammals in high-elevation grassland fields ('campos de altitude') of southern Brazil. Based on resources availability (invertebrates), data on animal captures were pooled in 2 seasons: 'scarcity' (June 2001-September 2001) and 'abundance' (November 2001-May 2002) seasons. We tested for non-random structure in temporal niche overlap among the species in each season. These species were the rodents Oxymycterus nasutus (Waterhouse, 1837), Deltamys sp., Akodon azarae (Fischer, 1829), and the marsupial Monodelphis brevicaudis Olfers, 1818. The studied community was mainly diurnal with crepuscular peaks. Simulations using the Pianka index of niche overlap indicated that the empirical assemblage-wide overlap was not significantly different from randomly generated patterns in the abundance season but significantly greater than expected by chance alone in the scarcity season. All the species showed an increase in temporal niche breadth during the abundance season, which appears to be related to longer daylength and high nocturnal temperatures. Patterns on both temporal niche overlap and temporal niche breadth were the opposite to those that we were expecting in the case of diel activity patterns determined by competition for dietary resources. Therefore, we conclude that competition did not seem to be preponderant for determining patterns of temporal niche overlap by the studied community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson M Vieira
- Laboratory of Ecology of Mammals, Zoology, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
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36
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Plasticity in circadian activity patterns of mesocarnivores in Southwestern Europe: implications for species coexistence. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Taylor MD, McPhan L, van der Meulen DE, Gray CA, Payne NL. Interactive drivers of activity in a free-ranging estuarine predator. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80962. [PMID: 24260520 PMCID: PMC3832432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal activity patterns evolve as an optimal balance between energy use, energy acquisition, and predation risk, so understanding how animals partition activity relative to extrinsic environmental fluctuations is central to understanding their ecology, biology and physiology. Here we use accelerometry to examine the degree to which activity patterns of an estuarine teleost predator are driven by a series of rhythmic and arrhythmic environmental fluctuations. We implanted free-ranging bream Acanthopagrus australis with acoustic transmitters that measured bi-axial acceleration and pressure (depth), and simultaneously monitored a series of environmental variables (photosynthetically active radiation, tidal height, temperature, turbidity, and lunar phase) for a period of approximately four months. Linear modeling showed an interaction between fish activity, light level and tidal height; with activity rates also negatively correlated with fish depth. These patterns highlight the relatively-complex trade-offs that are required to persist in highly variable environments. This study demonstrates how novel acoustic sensor tags can reveal interactive links between environmental cycles and animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Taylor
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Fisheries NSW, Taylors Beach, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Luke McPhan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan E. van der Meulen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Batemans Bay Fisheries Centre, Fisheries NSW, Batemans Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles A. Gray
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas L. Payne
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Monterroso P, Alves PC, Ferreras P. Catch Me If You Can: Diel Activity Patterns of Mammalian Prey and Predators. Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Monterroso
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM); Ciudad Real Spain
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Paulo Célio Alves
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- College of Forestry and Conservation; Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - Pablo Ferreras
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM); Ciudad Real Spain
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39
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Lazerte SE, Kramer DL. Using thermosensitive radiotelemetry to document rest and activity in a semifossorial rodent. WILDLIFE SOC B 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abu Baker MA, Brown JS. Islands of fear: effects of wooded patches on habitat suitability of the striped mouse in a South African grassland. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Larrucea ES, Brussard PF. Diel and Seasonal Activity Patterns of Pygmy Rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis). J Mammal 2009. [DOI: 10.1644/08-mamm-a-272.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gattermann R, Johnston RE, Yigit N, Fritzsche P, Larimer S, Ozkurt S, Neumann K, Song Z, Colak E, Johnston J, McPhee ME. Golden hamsters are nocturnal in captivity but diurnal in nature. Biol Lett 2008; 4:253-5. [PMID: 18397863 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily activity rhythms are nearly universal among animals and their specific pattern is an adaptation of each species to its ecological niche. Owing to the extremely consistent nocturnal patterns of activity shown by golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in the laboratory, this species is a prime model for studying the mechanisms controlling circadian rhythms. In contrast to laboratory data, we discovered that female hamsters in the wild were almost exclusively diurnal. These results raise many questions about the ecological variables that shape the activity patterns in golden hamsters and the differences between laboratory and field results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Gattermann
- Institute of Zoology, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Domplatz 4, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
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White JA, Geluso K. Seasonal Differences in Onset of Surface Activity of Ord's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ordii). J Mammal 2007. [DOI: 10.1644/05-mamm-a-312r3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bearder SK, Nekaris KAI, Curtis DJ. A re-evaluation of the role of vision in the activity and communication of nocturnal primates. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2006; 77:50-71. [PMID: 16415577 DOI: 10.1159/000089695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the importance of vision in the lives of nocturnal primates in comparison to diurnal and cathemeral species. Vision is the major sense in all primates and there is evidence that the eyesight of nocturnal species is more acute and variable than has previously been recognized. Case studies of the behaviour of a galago and a loris in open woodland habitats in relation to ambient light show that Galago moholi males are more likely to travel between clumps of vegetation along the ground when the moon is up, and during periods of twilight, whereas they retreat to more continuous vegetation and travel less when the moon sets. This is interpreted as a strategy for avoiding predators that hunt on the ground when it is dark. The travel distances of Loris lydekkerianus are not affected by moonlight but this species reduces its choice of food items from more mobile prey to mainly ants when the moon sets, indicating the importance of light when searching for high-energy supplements to its staple diet. Evidence is presented for the first time to indicate key aspects of nocturnal vision that would benefit from further research. It is suggested that the light and dark facial markings of many species convey information about species and individual identity when animals approach each other at night. Differences in the colour of the reflective eye-shine, and behavioural responses displayed when exposed to white torchlight, point to different kinds of nocturnal vision that are suited to each niche, including the possibility of some degree of colour discrimination. The ability of even specialist nocturnal species to see well in broad daylight demonstrates an inherent flexibility that would enable movement into diurnal niches. The major differences in the sensitivity and perceptual anatomy of diurnal lemurs compared to diurnal anthropoids, and the emergence of cathemerality in lemurs, is interpreted as a reflection of evolution from different ancestral stocks in very different ecosystems, and not a recent shift towards diurnality due to human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bearder
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
Cathemeral species are routinely active during the day, the night and at twilight. For the majority of species it is advantageous to specialize on the environmental conditions of a particular phase of the 24-hour day, so this rather uncommon type of activity must be a consequence of specific constraints. Good examples are the polyphasic activity patterns found in some small mammals. In shrews, with small body size and extremely high metabolic rate, polyphasic activity represents a simple short-term hunger cycle. In voles the short-term rhythm is triggered by an additional endogenous ultradian clock that interacts with the common circadian system, which probably is functionally related to endosymbiont digestion of cellulose-rich food. The activity bouts of individuals are synchronized on the population level to spread predation risk. As cathemeral species, voles are not specifically adapted to particular light conditions, but they are also not restricted to a particular activity phase. Therefore, the benefits from flexible responses in activity timing to environmental challenges may compensate for the disadvantages of not being specialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Halle
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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47
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Hwang M, Garshelis DL. Activity patterns of Asiatic black bears (
Ursus thibetanus
) in the Central Mountains of Taiwan. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.‐H. Hwang
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - D. L. Garshelis
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN, USA
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48
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Curtis DJ, Rasmussen MA. The Evolution of Cathemerality in Primates and Other Mammals: A Comparative and Chronoecological Approach. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2006; 77:178-93. [PMID: 16415585 DOI: 10.1159/000089703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-primate mammalian activity cycles are highly variable across and within taxonomic groups. In contrast, the order Primates has historically been recognized as displaying a diurnal-nocturnal dichotomy that mapped, for the most part, onto the taxonomic division between haplorhines and strepsirhines. However, it has become clear over the past two decades that activity cycles in primates are not quite so clear cut. Some primate species--like many large herbivorous mammals, mustelids, microtine rodents, and shrews--exhibit activity both at night and during the day. This activity pattern is often polyphasic or ultradian (several short activity bouts per 24-hour period), in contrast to the generally monophasic pattern (one long bout of activity per 24-hour period) observed in diurnal and nocturnal mammals. Alternatively, it can vary on a seasonal basis, with nocturnal activity exhibited during one season, and diurnal activity during the other season. The term now generally employed to describe the exploitation of both diurnal and nocturnal phases in primates is 'cathemeral'. Cathemerality has been documented in one haplorhine, the owl monkey, Aotus azarai, in the Paraguayan and Argentinian Chaco and in several Malagasy strepsirhines, including Eulemur spp., Hapalemur sp. and Lemur catta. In this paper, we review patterns of day-night activity in primates and other mammals and investigate the potential ecological and physiological bases underlying such 24-hour activity. Secondly, we will consider the role of cathemerality in primate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Curtis
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK.
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49
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Daily torpor during the active phase in free-ranging rock elephant shrews ( Elephantulus myurus ). J Zool (1987) 2005. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836905007314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Webb JK, Whiting MJ. Why don't small snakes bask? Juvenile broad-headed snakes trade thermal benefits for safety. OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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