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Fang Y, Lee S, Xu H, Farfan GA. Organic Controls over Biomineral Ca-Mg Carbonate Compositions and Morphologies. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:4872-4882. [PMID: 37426546 PMCID: PMC10326858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate minerals, such as aragonite and calcite, are widespread in biomineral skeletons, shells, exoskeletons, and more. With rapidly increasing pCO2 levels linked to anthropogenic climate change, carbonate minerals face the threat of dissolution, especially in an acidifying ocean. Given the right conditions, Ca-Mg carbonates (especially disordered dolomite and dolomite) are alternative minerals for organisms to utilize, with the added benefit of being harder and more resistant to dissolution. Ca-Mg carbonate also holds greater potential for carbon sequestration due to both Ca and Mg cations being available to bond with the carbonate group (CO32-). However, Mg-bearing carbonates are relatively rare biominerals because the high kinetic energy barrier for the dehydration of the Mg2+-water complex severely restricts Mg incorporation in carbonates at Earth surface conditions. This work presents the first overview of the effects of the physiochemical properties of amino acids and chitins on the mineralogy, composition, and morphology of Ca-Mg carbonates in solutions and on solid surfaces. We discovered that acidic, negatively charged, hydrophilic amino acids (aspartic and glutamic) and chitins could induce the precipitation of high-magnesium calcite (HMC) and disordered dolomite in solution and on solid surfaces with these adsorbed biosubstrates via in vitro experiments. Thus, we expect that acidic amino acids and chitins are among the controlling factors in biomineralization used in different combinations to control the mineral phases, compositions, and morphologies of Ca-Mg carbonate biomineral crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Fang
- Department
of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20560, United States
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Seungyeol Lee
- USRA
Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas 77058, United States
- ARES,
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic
of Korea
| | - Huifang Xu
- Department
of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gabriela A. Farfan
- Department
of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20560, United States
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2
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Perricone V, Grun TB, Rendina F, Marmo F, Candia Carnevali MD, Kowalewski M, Facchini A, De Stefano M, Santella L, Langella C, Micheletti A. Hexagonal Voronoi pattern detected in the microstructural design of the echinoid skeleton. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220226. [PMID: 35946165 PMCID: PMC9363984 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated polygonal patterns are pervasive in natural forms and structures. These patterns provide inherent structural stability while optimizing strength-per-weight and minimizing construction costs. In echinoids (sea urchins), a visible regularity can be found in the endoskeleton, consisting of a lightweight and resistant micro-trabecular meshwork (stereom). This foam-like structure follows an intrinsic geometrical pattern that has never been investigated. This study aims to analyse and describe it by focusing on the boss of tubercles-spine attachment sites subject to strong mechanical stresses-in the common sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The boss microstructure was identified as a Voronoi construction characterized by 82% concordance to the computed Voronoi models, a prevalence of hexagonal polygons, and a regularly organized seed distribution. This pattern is interpreted as an evolutionary solution for the construction of the echinoid skeleton using a lightweight microstructural design that optimizes the trabecular arrangement, maximizes the structural strength and minimizes the metabolic costs of secreting calcitic stereom. Hence, this identification is particularly valuable to improve the understanding of the mechanical function of the stereom as well as to effectively model and reconstruct similar structures in view of future applications in biomimetic technologies and designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perricone
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy
| | - Tobias B. Grun
- Division of Invertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32618, USA
| | - Francesco Rendina
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples ‘Parthenope’, URL CoNISMa, Centro Direzionale Is.4, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Francesco Marmo
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples 80125, Italy
| | | | - Michal Kowalewski
- Division of Invertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32618, USA
| | - Angelo Facchini
- IMT school for advanced studies Lucca, Piazza S. Ponziano 6, 55100, Lucca, Italy
| | - Mario De Stefano
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 80127, Italy
| | - Luigia Santella
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples 80121, Italy
| | - Carla Langella
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via San Lorenzo, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micheletti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
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Sharma V, Srinivasan A, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. Biomineralization process in hard tissues: The interaction complexity within protein and inorganic counterparts. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:20-37. [PMID: 32413577 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization can be considered as nature's strategy to produce and sustain biominerals, primarily via creation of hard tissues for protection and support. This review examines the biomineralization process within the hard tissues of the human body with special emphasis on the mechanisms and principles of bone and teeth mineralization. We describe the detailed role of proteins and inorganic ions in mediating the mineralization process. Furthermore, we highlight the various available models for studying bone physiology and mineralization starting from the historical static cell line-based methods to the most advanced 3D culture systems, elucidating the pros and cons of each one of these methods. With respect to the mineralization process in teeth, enamel and dentin mineralization is discussed in detail. The key role of intrinsically disordered proteins in modulating the process of mineralization in enamel and dentine is given attention. Finally, nanotechnological interventions in the area of bone and teeth mineralization, diseases and tissue regeneration is also discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article provides an overview of the biomineralization process within hard tissues of the human body, which encompasses the detailed mechanism innvolved in the formation of structures like teeth and bone. Moreover, we have discussed various available models used for studying biomineralization and also explored the nanotechnological applications in the field of bone regeneration and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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4
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Checa AG, Macías-Sánchez E, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Sánchez-Navas A, Lagos NA. Origin of the biphase nature and surface roughness of biogenic calcite secreted by the giant barnacle Austromegabalanus psittacus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16784. [PMID: 33033294 PMCID: PMC7544902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcite grains forming the wall plates of the giant barnacle Austramegabalanus psittacus have a distinctive surface roughness made of variously sized crystalline nanoprotrusions covered by extremely thin amorphous pellicles. This biphase (crystalline-amorphous) structure also penetrates through the crystal’s interiors, forming a web-like structure. Nanoprotrusions very frequently elongate following directions related to the crystallographic structure of calcite, in particular, the <− 441> directions, which are the strongest periodic bond chains (PBCs) in calcite. We propose that the formation of elongated nanoprotrusions happens during the crystallization of calcite from a precursor amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). This is because biomolecules integrated within the ACC are expelled from such PBCs due to the force of crystallization, with the consequent formation of uninterrupted crystalline nanorods. Expelled biomolecules accumulate in adjacent regions, thereby stabilizing small pellicle-like volumes of ACC. With growth, such pellicles become occluded within the crystal. In summary, the surface roughness of the biomineral surface reflects the complex shape of the crystallization front, and the biphase structure provides evidence for crystallization from an amorphous precursor. The surface roughness is generally explained as resulting from the attachment of ACC particles to the crystal surface, which later crystallised in concordance with the crystal lattice. If this was the case, the nanoprotrusions do not reflect the size and shape of any precursor particle. Accordingly, the particle attachment model for biomineral formation should seek new evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain.
| | - Elena Macías-Sánchez
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Sánchez-Navas
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
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Dylus DV, Czarkwiani A, Blowes LM, Elphick MR, Oliveri P. Developmental transcriptomics of the brittle star Amphiura filiformis reveals gene regulatory network rewiring in echinoderm larval skeleton evolution. Genome Biol 2018; 19:26. [PMID: 29490679 PMCID: PMC5831733 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amongst the echinoderms the class Ophiuroidea is of particular interest for its phylogenetic position, ecological importance and developmental and regenerative biology. However, compared to other echinoderms, notably echinoids (sea urchins), relatively little is known about developmental changes in gene expression in ophiuroids. To address this issue, we have generated and assembled a large RNAseq data set of four key stages of development in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis and a de novo reference transcriptome of comparable quality to that of a model echinoderm—the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Furthermore, we provide access to the new data via a web interface: http://www.echinonet.eu/shiny/Amphiura_filiformis/. Results We have identified highly conserved genes associated with the development of a biomineralised skeleton. We also identify important class-specific characters, including the independent duplication of the msp130 class of genes in different echinoderm classes and the unique occurrence of spicule matrix (sm) genes in echinoids. Using a new quantification pipeline for our de novo transcriptome, validated with other methodologies, we find major differences between brittle stars and sea urchins in the temporal expression of many transcription factor genes. This divergence in developmental regulatory states is more evident in early stages of development when cell specification begins, rather than when cells initiate differentiation. Conclusions Our findings indicate that there has been a high degree of gene regulatory network rewiring and clade-specific gene duplication, supporting the hypothesis of a convergent evolution of larval skeleton development in echinoderms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13059-018-1402-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Dylus
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,CoMPLEX/SysBio, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Present address: Department of Computational Biology, UNIL, Genopode, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Czarkwiani
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Liisa M Blowes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Present address: Centre for Cell Biology & Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. .,Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution (CLOE), UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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7
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Zito F, Lampiasi N, Kireev I, Russo R. United we stand: Adhesion and molecular mechanisms driving cell fusion across species. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:552-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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8
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Karakostis K, Zanella-Cléon I, Immel F, Guichard N, Dru P, Lepage T, Plasseraud L, Matranga V, Marin F. A minimal molecular toolkit for mineral deposition? Biochemistry and proteomics of the test matrix of adult specimens of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. J Proteomics 2016; 136:133-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Boskey AL, Villarreal-Ramirez E. Intrinsically disordered proteins and biomineralization. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:43-59. [PMID: 26807759 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates and invertebrates, biomineralization is controlled by the cell and the proteins they produce. A large number of these proteins are intrinsically disordered, gaining some secondary structure when they interact with their binding partners. These partners include the component ions of the mineral being deposited, the crystals themselves, the template on which the initial crystals form, and other intrinsically disordered proteins and peptides. This review speculates why intrinsically disordered proteins are so important for biomineralization, providing illustrations from the SIBLING (small integrin binding N-glycosylated) proteins and their peptides. It is concluded that the flexible structure, and the ability of the intrinsically disordered proteins to bind to a multitude of surfaces is crucial, but details on the precise-interactions, energetics and kinetics of binding remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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10
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DeVol RT, Sun CY, Marcus MA, Coppersmith SN, Myneni SCB, Gilbert PU. Nanoscale Transforming Mineral Phases in Fresh Nacre. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13325-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross T. DeVol
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marcus
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Susan N. Coppersmith
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Satish C. B. Myneni
- Department
of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Pupa U.P.A. Gilbert
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Radcliffe
Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 8 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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11
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Zito F, Koop D, Byrne M, Matranga V. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition blocks skeletogenesis and echinochrome production in Paracentrotus lividus and Heliocidaris tuberculata embryos and larvae. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:507-14. [PMID: 26108341 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of widely distributed metalloenzymes, involved in diverse physiological processes. These enzymes catalyse the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to protons and bicarbonate. At least 19 genes encoding for CAs have been identified in the sea urchin genome, with one of these localized to the skeletogenic mesoderm (primary mesenchyme cells, PMCs). We investigated the effects of a specific inhibitor of CA, acetazolamide (AZ), on development of two sea urchin species with contrasting investment in skeleton production, Paracentrotus lividus and Heliocidaris tuberculata, to determine the role of CA on PMC differentiation, skeletogenesis and on non-skeletogenic mesodermal (NSM) cells. Embryos were cultured in the presence of AZ from the blastula stage prior to skeleton formation and development to the larval stage was monitored. At the dose of 8 mmol/L AZ, 98% and 90% of P. lividus and H. tuberculata embryos lacked skeleton, respectively. Nevertheless, an almost normal PMC differentiation was indicated by the expression of msp130, a PMC-specific marker. Strikingly, the AZ-treated embryos also lacked the echinochrome pigment produced by the pigment cells, a subpopulation of NSM cells with immune activities within the larva. Conversely, all ectoderm and endoderm derivatives and other subpopulations of mesoderm developed normally. The inhibitory effects of AZ were completely reversed after removal of the inhibitor from the medium. Our data, together with new information concerning the involvement of CA on skeleton formation, provide evidence for the first time of a possible role of the CAs in larval immune pigment cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zito
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, Palermo, 153 - 90146, Italy
| | - Demian Koop
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, Palermo, 153 - 90146, Italy
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Kanold JM, Lemloh ML, Schwendt P, Burghard Z, Baier J, Herbst F, Bill J, Marin F, Brümmer F. In vivo enrichment of magnesium ions modifies sea urchin spicule properties. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.14.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin embryos produce an endoskeleton composed of two symmetric spicules that consist of calcite, containing approximately 5% magnesium. The function of magnesium ions in mineral formation in vivo and the consequence of their incorporation into the mineral on mechanical properties are largely unknown. The authors investigated the in vivo effects of excess magnesium ion concentrations in the medium on skeletal development of Arbacia lixula. Morphological deformations of pluteus larval spicules were observed after cultivation in Mg2+-enriched sea water. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that magnesium ions were homogeneously distributed for complete larvae and spicule cross-sections. Magnesium ion content was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, which revealed a considerable increased incorporation of magnesium ions into spicules of larvae from Mg2+-enriched sea water. However, no change in crystal polymorph formation was observed by X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties of spicule cross-sections were analysed by nanoindentation and revealed significantly higher stiffness values for spicules from Mg2+-enriched sea water compared to the control, whereas no significant change in hardness values was obtained. This in vivo study shows that increased magnesium ion incorporation into sea urchin larval spicules modifies the mineral properties and supports this model to investigate the effect of minor ions on biomineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maxi Kanold
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Lemloh
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Biomineralization Group, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peggy Schwendt
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zaklina Burghard
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Baier
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frédéric Herbst
- ICB, UMR 5209 – DAI, Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Dijon, France
| | - Joachim Bill
- Professor, Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijion, France
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Professor, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Kanold JM, Immel F, Broussard C, Guichard N, Plasseraud L, Corneillat M, Alcaraz G, Brümmer F, Marin F. The test skeletal matrix of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 13:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Echinoderms: Hierarchically Organized Light Weight Skeletons. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9398-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Gopinathan G, Jin T, Liu M, Li S, Atsawasuwan P, Galang MT, Allen M, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. The expanded amelogenin polyproline region preferentially binds to apatite versus carbonate and promotes apatite crystal elongation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:430. [PMID: 25426079 PMCID: PMC4227485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from invertebrate calcium carbonate-based calcite and aragonite exo- and endoskeletons to the calcium phosphate-based vertebrate backbones and jaws composed of microscopic hydroxyapatite crystals is one of the great revolutions in the evolution of terrestrial organisms. To identify potential factors that might have played a role in such a transition, three key domains of the vertebrate tooth enamel protein amelogenin were probed for calcium mineral/protein interactions and their ability to promote calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate crystal growth. Under calcium phosphate crystal growth conditions, only the carboxy-terminus augmented polyproline repeat peptide, but not the N-terminal peptide nor the polyproline repeat peptide alone, promoted the formation of thin and parallel crystallites resembling those of bone and initial enamel. In contrast, under calcium carbonate crystal growth conditions, all three amelogenin-derived polypeptides caused calcium carbonate to form fused crystalline conglomerates. When examined for long-term crystal growth, polyproline repeat peptides of increasing length promoted the growth of shorter calcium carbonate crystals with broader basis, contrary to the positive correlation between polyproline repeat element length and apatite mineralization published earlier. To determine whether the positive correlation between polyproline repeat element length and apatite crystal growth versus the inverse correlation between polyproline repeat length and calcium carbonate crystal growth were related to the binding affinity of the polyproline domain to either apatite or carbonate, a parallel series of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate/apatite protein binding studies was conducted. These studies demonstrated a remarkable binding affinity between the augmented amelogenin polyproline repeat region and calcium phosphates, and almost no binding to calcium carbonates. In contrast, the amelogenin N-terminus bound to both carbonate and apatite, but preferentially to calcium carbonate. Together, these studies highlight the specific binding affinity of the augmented amelogenin polyproline repeat region to calcium phosphates versus calcium carbonate, and its unique role in the growth of thin apatite crystals as they occur in vertebrate biominerals. Our data suggest that the rise of apatite-based biominerals in vertebrates might have been facilitated by a rapid evolution of specialized polyproline repeat proteins flanked by a charged domain, resulting in apatite crystals with reduced width, increased length, and tailored biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Gopinathan
- Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tianquan Jin
- Biocytogen, One Innovation Drive Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Steve Li
- Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phimon Atsawasuwan
- University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria-Therese Galang
- University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, IL, USA
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Russo R, Pinsino A, Costa C, Bonaventura R, Matranga V, Zito F. The newly characterizedPl-jun is specifically expressed in skeletogenic cells of theParacentrotus lividussea urchin embryo. FEBS J 2014; 281:3828-43. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Rosa Bonaventura
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology ‘A. Monroy’; National Research Council; Palermo Italy
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DeVol RT, Metzler RA, Kabalah-Amitai L, Pokroy B, Politi Y, Gal A, Addadi L, Weiner S, Fernandez-Martinez A, Demichelis R, Gale JD, Ihli J, Meldrum FC, Blonsky AZ, Killian CE, Salling CB, Young AT, Marcus MA, Scholl A, Doran A, Jenkins C, Bechtel HA, Gilbert PUPA. Oxygen spectroscopy and polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC)-mapping of calcium carbonate minerals and biominerals. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8449-57. [PMID: 24821199 DOI: 10.1021/jp503700g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy have been extensively used to characterize biominerals. Using either Ca or C spectra, unique information has been obtained regarding amorphous biominerals and nanocrystal orientations. Building on these results, we demonstrate that recording XANES spectra of calcium carbonate at the oxygen K-edge enables polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC) mapping with unprecedented contrast, signal-to-noise ratio, and magnification. O and Ca spectra are presented for six calcium carbonate minerals: aragonite, calcite, vaterite, monohydrocalcite, and both hydrated and anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate. The crystalline minerals reveal excellent agreement of the extent and direction of polarization dependences in simulated and experimental XANES spectra due to X-ray linear dichroism. This effect is particularly strong for aragonite, calcite, and vaterite. In natural biominerals, oxygen PIC-mapping generated high-magnification maps of unprecedented clarity from nacre and prismatic structures and their interface in Mytilus californianus shells. These maps revealed blocky aragonite crystals at the nacre-prismatic boundary and the narrowest calcite needle-prisms. In the tunic spicules of Herdmania momus, O PIC-mapping revealed the size and arrangement of some of the largest vaterite single crystals known. O spectroscopy therefore enables the simultaneous measurement of chemical and orientational information in CaCO3 biominerals and is thus a powerful means for analyzing these and other complex materials. As described here, PIC-mapping and spectroscopy at the O K-edge are methods for gathering valuable data that can be carried out using spectromicroscopy beamlines at most synchrotrons without the expense of additional equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross T DeVol
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Ebert TA, Hernández JC, Clemente S. Annual reversible plasticity of feeding structures: cyclical changes of jaw allometry in a sea urchin. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132284. [PMID: 24500161 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of organisms show morphologically plastic responses to environmental stressors but in general these changes are not reversible. Though less common, reversible morphological structures are shown by a range of species in response to changes in predators, competitors or food. Theoretical analysis indicates that reversible plasticity increases fitness if organisms are long-lived relative to the frequency of changes in the stressor and morphological changes are rapid. Many sea urchin species show differences in the sizes of jaws (demi-pyramids) of the feeding apparatus, Aristotle's lantern, relative to overall body size, and these differences have been correlated with available food. The question addressed here is whether reversible changes of relative jaw size occur in the field as available food changes with season. Monthly samples of the North American Pacific coast sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were collected from Gregory Point on the Oregon (USA) coast and showed an annual cycle of relative jaw size together with a linear trend from 2007 to 2009. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is a long-lived species and under field conditions individuals experience multiple episodes of changes in food resources both seasonally and from year to year. Their rapid and reversible jaw plasticity fits well with theoretical expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ebert
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, , Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, Department of Biology, Villanova University, , Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Natalio F, Corrales TP, Panthofer M, Schollmeyer D, Lieberwirth I, Muller WEG, Kappl M, Butt HJ, Tremel W. Flexible Minerals: Self-Assembled Calcite Spicules with Extreme Bending Strength. Science 2013; 339:1298-302. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1216260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Cartwright JHE, Checa AG, Gale JD, Gebauer D, Sainz-Díaz CI. Die Polyamorphie von Calciumcarbonat und ihre Bedeutung für die Biomineralisation: Wie viele amorphe Calciumcarbonat-Phasen gibt es? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cartwright JHE, Checa AG, Gale JD, Gebauer D, Sainz-Díaz CI. Calcium Carbonate Polyamorphism and Its Role in Biomineralization: How Many Amorphous Calcium Carbonates Are There? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11960-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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