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Völkle Nee Evgrafov E, Schulz F, Kanold JM, Michaelis M, Wissel K, Brümmer F, Schenk AS, Ludwigs S, Bill J, Rothenstein D. Functional mimicry of sea urchin biomineralization proteins with CaCO 3-binding peptides selected by phage display. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10174-10188. [PMID: 37850271 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The intricate process of biomineralization, e.g. in sea urchins, involves the precise interplay of highly regulated mineralization proteins and the spatiotemporal coordination achieved through compartmentalization. However, the investigation of biomineralization effector molecules, e.g. proteins, is challenging, due to their very low abundance. Therefore, we investigate the functional mimicry in the bioinspired precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with artificial peptides selected from a peptide library by phage display based on peptide-binding to calcite and aragonite, respectively. The structure-directing effects of the identified peptides were compared to those of natural protein mixes isolated from skeletal (test) structures of two sea urchin species (Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus). The calcium carbonate samples deposited in the absence or presence of peptides were analyzed with a set of complementary techniques with regard to morphology, polymorph, and nanostructural motifs. Remarkably, some of the CaCO3-binding peptides induced morphological features in calcite that appeared similar to those obtained in the presence of the natural protein mixes. Many of the peptides identified as most effective in exerting a structure-directing effect on calcium carbonate crystallization were rich in basic amino acid residues. Hence, our in vitro mineralization study further highlights the important, but often neglected, role of positively charged soluble organic matrices associated with biological and bioinspired CaCO3 deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Völkle Nee Evgrafov
- Dept. Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Fabian Schulz
- Dept. Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Julia Maxi Kanold
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems & Scientific Diving Group (WiTUS), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monika Michaelis
- Biomolecular and Materials Interface Research Group, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Kerstin Wissel
- Dept. Chemical Materials Synthesis, Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems & Scientific Diving Group (WiTUS), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna S Schenk
- Physical Chemistry IV, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Dept. Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Dept. Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Sieger J, Brümmer F, Ahn H, Lee G, Kim S, Schill RO. Reduced ageing in the frozen state in the tardigrade
Milnesium inceptum
(Eutardigrada: Apochela). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sieger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - F. Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - H. Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - G. Lee
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - R. O. Schill
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
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3
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Saccardi L, Brümmer F, Schiebl J, Schwarz O, Kovalev A, Gorb S. Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2022; 13:958-974. [PMID: 36161253 PMCID: PMC9490071 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In a biomimetic top-down process, challenging the problem of resin deposition on woodworking machine tools, an adequate biological model was sought, which hypothetically could have developed evolutionary anti-adhesive strategies. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) was identified as an analogue model since it collects and processes propolis, which largely consists of collected tree resin. Propolis is a sticky substance used by bees to seal their hive and protect the colony against pathogens. In spite of its stickiness, honeybees are able to handle and manipulate propolis with their mandibles. We wanted to know if beneficial anti-adhesive properties of bee mandibles reduce propolis adhesion. The anatomy of bee mandibles was studied in a (cryo-)scanning electron microscope. Adhesion experiments were performed with propolis on bee mandibles to find out if bee mandibles have anti-adhesive properties that enable bees to handle the sticky material. A scale-like pattern was found on the inside of the mandible. Fresh mandibles were covered with a seemingly fluid substance that was at least partially removed during the washing process. Propolis adhesion on bee mandibles was measured to be 1 J/m2 and was indeed significantly lower compared to five technical materials. Propolis adhesion was higher on mandibles that were washed compared to fresh, unwashed mandibles. Results indicate that the medial surface of the mandible is covered with a fluid substance that reduces propolis adhesion. First results suggested that the surface pattern does do not have a direct effect on propolis adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Saccardi
- University of Stuttgart, IBBS, Research Unit Biodiversity and Scientific Diving, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department Biomechatronic Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- University of Stuttgart, IBBS, Research Unit Biodiversity and Scientific Diving, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jonas Schiebl
- Department Biomechatronic Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Schwarz
- Department Biomechatronic Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Kovalev
- Department Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Department Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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4
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Morlock GE, Ziltener A, Geyer S, Tersteegen J, Mehl A, Schreiner T, Kamel T, Brümmer F. Evidence that Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins self-medicate with invertebrates in coral reefs. iScience 2022; 25:104271. [PMID: 35774533 PMCID: PMC9236899 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) have been observed queueing up in natural environments to rub particular body parts against selected corals (Rumphella aggregata, Sarcophyton sp.) and sponges (Ircinia sp.) in the Egyptian Northern Red Sea. It was hypothesized that the presence of bioactive metabolites accounts for this selective rubbing behavior. The three invertebrates preferentially accessed by the dolphins, collected and analyzed by hyphenated high-performance thin-layer chromatography contained seventeen active metabolites, providing evidence of potential self-medication. Repeated rubbing allows these active metabolites to come into contact with the skin of the dolphins, which in turn could help them achieve skin homeostasis and be useful for prophylaxis or auxiliary treatment against microbial infections. This interdisciplinary research in behavior, separation science, and effect-directed analysis highlighted the importance of particular invertebrates in coral reefs, the urgent need to protect coral reefs for dolphins and other species, and calls for further vertebrate-invertebrate interaction studies. Dolphins rubbed body parts against specifically selected corals and sponges Behavioral studies were linked with hyphenated bioanalytical technique Vertebrate-invertebrate interaction in coral reefs may serve self-medication Molecular formulae were assigned to known and unknown bioactive molecules
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Kallscheuer N, Wiegand S, Kohn T, Boedeker C, Jeske O, Rast P, Müller RW, Brümmer F, Heuer A, Jetten MSM, Rohde M, Jogler M, Jogler C. Cultivation-Independent Analysis of the Bacterial Community Associated With the Calcareous Sponge Clathrina clathrus and Isolation of Poriferisphaera corsica Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., Belonging to the Barely Studied Class Phycisphaerae in the Phylum Planctomycetes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:602250. [PMID: 33414774 PMCID: PMC7783415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.602250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems serve as global carbon sinks and nutrient source or breeding ground for aquatic animals. Sponges are ancient parts of these important ecosystems and can be found in caves, the deep-sea, clear waters, or more turbid environments. Here, we studied the bacterial community composition of the calcareous sponge Clathrina clathrus sampled close to the island Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea with an emphasis on planctomycetes. We show that the phylum Planctomycetes accounts for 9% of the C. clathrus-associated bacterial community, a 5-fold enrichment compared to the surrounding seawater. Indeed, the use of C. clathrus as a yet untapped source of novel planctomycetal strains led to the isolation of strain KS4T. The strain represents a novel genus and species within the class Phycisphaerae in the phylum Planctomycetes and displays interesting cell biological features, such as formation of outer membrane vesicles and an unexpected mode of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Timo Kohn
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Olga Jeske
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Ralph-Walter Müller
- Faculty for Energy-, Process- and Bioengineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anja Heuer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mareike Jogler
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Jogler
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Wiegand S, Jogler M, Boedeker C, Pinto D, Vollmers J, Rivas-Marín E, Kohn T, Peeters SH, Heuer A, Rast P, Oberbeckmann S, Bunk B, Jeske O, Meyerdierks A, Storesund JE, Kallscheuer N, Lücker S, Lage OM, Pohl T, Merkel BJ, Hornburger P, Müller RW, Brümmer F, Labrenz M, Spormann AM, Op den Camp HJM, Overmann J, Amann R, Jetten MSM, Mascher T, Medema MH, Devos DP, Kaster AK, Øvreås L, Rohde M, Galperin MY, Jogler C. Cultivation and functional characterization of 79 planctomycetes uncovers their unique biology. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:126-140. [PMID: 31740763 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to the discovery and analysis of yet uncharted bacterial traits, pure cultures are essential as only these allow detailed morphological and physiological characterization as well as genetic manipulation. However, microbiologists are struggling to isolate and maintain the majority of bacterial strains, as mimicking their native environmental niches adequately can be a challenging task. Here, we report the diversity-driven cultivation, characterization and genome sequencing of 79 bacterial strains from all major taxonomic clades of the conspicuous bacterial phylum Planctomycetes. The samples were derived from different aquatic environments but close relatives could be isolated from geographically distinct regions and structurally diverse habitats, implying that 'everything is everywhere'. With the discovery of lateral budding in 'Kolteria novifilia' and the capability of the members of the Saltatorellus clade to divide by binary fission as well as budding, we identified previously unknown modes of bacterial cell division. Alongside unobserved aspects of cell signalling and small-molecule production, our findings demonstrate that exploration beyond the well-established model organisms has the potential to increase our knowledge of bacterial diversity. We illustrate how 'microbial dark matter' can be accessed by cultivation techniques, expanding the organismic background for small-molecule research and drug-target detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Vollmers
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elena Rivas-Marín
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD)-CSIC, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Timo Kohn
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anja Heuer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Sonja Oberbeckmann
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Olga Jeske
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthias Labrenz
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Rudolf Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Damien P Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD)-CSIC, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Jogler
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Kohn T, Wiegand S, Boedeker C, Rast P, Heuer A, Jetten MSM, Schüler M, Becker S, Rohde C, Müller RW, Brümmer F, Rohde M, Engelhardt H, Jogler M, Jogler C. Planctopirus ephydatiae, a novel Planctomycete isolated from a freshwater sponge. Syst Appl Microbiol 2019; 43:126022. [PMID: 31785948 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2019.126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome of freshwater sponges is rarely studied, and not a single novel bacterial species has been isolated and subsequently characterized from a freshwater sponge to date. A previous study showed that 14.4% of the microbiome from Ephydatia fluviatilis belong to the phylum Planctomycetes. Therefore, we sampled an Ephydatia sponge from a freshwater lake and employed enrichment techniques targeting bacteria from the phylum Planctomycetes. The obtained strain spb1T was subject to genomic and phenomic characterization and found to represent a novel planctomycetal species proposed as Planctopirus ephydatiae sp. nov. (DSM 106606 = CECT 9866). In the process of differentiating spb1T from its next relative Planctopirus limnophila DSM 3776T, we identified and characterized the first phage - Planctopirus phage vB_PlimS_J1 - infecting planctomycetes that was only mentioned anecdotally before. Interestingly, classical chemotaxonomic methods would have failed to distinguish Planctopirus ephydatiae strain spb1T from Planctopirus limnophila DSM 3776T. Our findings demonstrate and underpin the need for whole genome-based taxonomy to detect and differentiate planctomycetal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - S Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Boedeker
- Leibniz-Institut Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Rast
- Leibniz-Institut Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Heuer
- Leibniz-Institut Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Schüler
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - S Becker
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - C Rohde
- Leibniz-Institut Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R-W Müller
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H Engelhardt
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - M Jogler
- Leibniz-Institut Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Jogler
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Microbial Interactions, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Germany.
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Jahnke T, Kilper S, Knöller A, Brümmer F, Widenmeyer M, Rothenstein D, Burghard Z, Bill J. Bioinspired synthesis of SnO crosses as backbone in artificial sponges. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20190130. [PMID: 31177957 PMCID: PMC6562352 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The distinct electronic properties, including p-type semiconducting and a wide optical band gap, renders SnO suitable for applications such as microelectronic devices, gas sensors and electrodes. However, the synthesis of SnO is rather challenging due to the instability of the oxide, which is usually obtained as a by-product of SnO2 fabrication. In this work, we developed a bioinspired synthesis, based on a hydrothermal approach, for the direct production of SnO nanoparticles. The amount of mineralizer, inducing the precipitation, was identified, which supports a template-free formation of the nanosized SnO particles at low temperature and mild chemical conditions. Moreover, the SnO nanoparticles exhibit a shape of unique three-dimensional crosses similar to the calcite crosses present in the calcareous sponges. We demonstrated that SnO crosses are evenly distributed and embedded in an organic scaffold by an ice-templating approach, in this way closely mimicking the structure of calcareous sponges. Such scaffolds, reinforced by an active material, here SnO, could be used as filters, sensors or electrodes, where a high surface area and good accessibility are essential. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotheus Jahnke
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Kilper
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Knöller
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Widenmeyer
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zaklina Burghard
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Karakostis K, Costa C, Zito F, Brümmer F, Matranga V. Characterization of an Alpha Type Carbonic Anhydrase from Paracentrotus lividus Sea Urchin Embryos. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2016; 18:384-395. [PMID: 27230618 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. In the sea urchin, CA has a role in the formation of the calcitic skeleton during embryo development. Here, we report a newly identified mRNA sequence from embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, referred to as Pl-can. The complete coding sequence was identified with the aid of both EST databases and experimental procedures. Pl-CAN is a 447 aa-long protein, with an estimated molecular mass of 48.5 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.83. The in silico study of functional domains showed, in addition to the alpha type CA-specific domain, the presence of an unexpected glycine-rich region at the N-terminal of the molecule. This is not found in any other species described so far, but probably it is restricted to the sea urchins. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Pl-CAN is evolutionarily closer to human among chordates than to other species. The putative role(s) of the identified domains is discussed. The Pl-can temporal and spatial expression profiles, analyzed throughout embryo development by comparative qPCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WMISH), showed that Pl-can mRNA is specifically expressed in the primary mesenchyme cells (PMC) of the embryo and levels increase along with the growth of the embryonic skeleton, reaching a peak at the pluteus stage. A recombinant fusion protein was produced in E. coli and used to raise specific antibodies in mice recognized the endogenous Pl-CAN by Western blot in embryo extracts from gastrula and pluteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karakostis
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153-90146, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- INSERM - UMR 1162, Institute de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Caterina Costa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153-90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zito
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153-90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153-90146, Palermo, Italy
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Kanold JM, Wang J, Brümmer F, Šiller L. Metallic nickel nanoparticles and their effect on the embryonic development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Environ Pollut 2016; 212:224-229. [PMID: 26849528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nanoparticles in many industrial applications and daily products is making it nowadays crucial to assess their impact when exposed to the environment. Metallic nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) are of high industrial interest due to their ability to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to carbonic acid at ambient conditions. We characterized metallic Ni NPs by XRD, HRTEM and EDS and determined the solubility of free nickel ions from 3 mg/L metallic Ni NPs in seawater by ICP-MS over 96 h, which was below 3%. Further, embryonic development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus was investigated for 48 h in the presence of metallic Ni NPs (0.03 mg/L to 3 mg/L), but no lethal effects were observed. However, 3 mg/L metallic Ni NPs caused a size reduction similar to 1.2 mg/L NiCl2*6 H2O. The obtained results contribute to current studies on metallic Ni NPs and point to their consequences for the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maxi Kanold
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jiabin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lidija Šiller
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Santomauro G, Sun WL, Brümmer F, Bill J. Incorporation of zinc into the coccoliths of the microalga Emiliania huxleyi. Biometals 2016; 29:225-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Moortgat-Pick G, Baer H, Battaglia M, Belanger G, Fujii K, Kalinowski J, Heinemeyer S, Kiyo Y, Olive K, Simon F, Uwer P, Wackeroth D, Zerwas PM, Arbey A, Asano M, Bagger J, Bechtle P, Bharucha A, Brau J, Brümmer F, Choi SY, Denner A, Desch K, Dittmaier S, Ellwanger U, Englert C, Freitas A, Ginzburg I, Godfrey S, Greiner N, Grojean C, Grünewald M, Heisig J, Höcker A, Kanemura S, Kawagoe K, Kogler R, Krawczyk M, Kronfeld AS, Kroseberg J, Liebler S, List J, Mahmoudi F, Mambrini Y, Matsumoto S, Mnich J, Mönig K, Mühlleitner MM, Pöschl R, Porod W, Porto S, Rolbiecki K, Schmitt M, Serpico P, Stanitzki M, Stål O, Stefaniak T, Stöckinger D, Weiglein G, Wilson GW, Zeune L, Moortgat F, Xella S, Bagger J, Brau J, Ellis J, Kawagoe K, Komamiya S, Kronfeld AS, Mnich J, Peskin M, Schlatter D, Wagner A, Yamamoto H. Physics at the [Formula: see text] linear collider. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2015; 75:371. [PMID: 26300691 PMCID: PMC4537698 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of physics at an [Formula: see text] linear collider in the energy range of [Formula: see text] GeV-3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low-energy as well as astroparticle physics. The report focusses in particular on Higgs-boson, top-quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the standard model physics such as supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analysed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Moortgat-Pick
- />II. Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Baer
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA
| | - M. Battaglia
- />Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - G. Belanger
- />Laboratoire de Physique Theorique (LAPTh), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, B.P.110, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K. Fujii
- />High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - J. Kalinowski
- />Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Heinemeyer
- />Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Y. Kiyo
- />Department of Physics, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695 Japan
| | - K. Olive
- />William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - F. Simon
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - P. Uwer
- />Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Wackeroth
- />Department of Physics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1500 USA
| | - P. M. Zerwas
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Arbey
- />Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbonne Cedex, France
- />Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5574, 69561 Saint-Genis Laval Cedex, France
- />Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M. Asano
- />Physikalisches Institut and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Bagger
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
- />TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - P. Bechtle
- />Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Bharucha
- />Physik Department T31, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- />CNRS, Aix Marseille U., U. de Toulon, CPT, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - J. Brau
- />Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - F. Brümmer
- />LUPM, UMR 5299, Université de Montpellier II et CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - S. Y. Choi
- />Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - A. Denner
- />Universität Würzburg, Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - K. Desch
- />Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Dittmaier
- />Physikalisches Institut, Albert–Ludwigs–Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - U. Ellwanger
- />Laboratoire de Physique, UMR 8627, CNRS, Universite de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Englert
- />SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Freitas
- />PITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - I. Ginzburg
- />Sobolev Institute of Mathematics and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - S. Godfrey
- />Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Physics, Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - N. Greiner
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - C. Grojean
- />ICREA at IFAE, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - J. Heisig
- />Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - S. Kanemura
- />Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555 Japan
| | - K. Kawagoe
- />Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - R. Kogler
- />University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Krawczyk
- />Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. S. Kronfeld
- />Theoretical Physics Department, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL USA
- />Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J. Kroseberg
- />Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Liebler
- />II. Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. List
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Mahmoudi
- />Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbonne Cedex, France
- />Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5574, 69561 Saint-Genis Laval Cedex, France
- />Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Y. Mambrini
- />Laboratoire de Physique, UMR 8627, CNRS, Universite de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S. Matsumoto
- />Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - J. Mnich
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Mönig
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. M. Mühlleitner
- />Institute for Theoretical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R. Pöschl
- />Laboratoire de L’accelerateur Lineaire (LAL), CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - W. Porod
- />Universität Würzburg, Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Porto
- />II. Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Rolbiecki
- />Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
- />Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Schmitt
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60091 USA
| | - P. Serpico
- />Laboratoire de Physique Theorique (LAPTh), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, B.P.110, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. Stanitzki
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Stål
- />The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Stefaniak
- />Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - D. Stöckinger
- />Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - G. Weiglein
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. W. Wilson
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - L. Zeune
- />ITFA, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S. Xella
- />Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - J. Bagger
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
- />TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - J. Brau
- />Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - J. Ellis
- />CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- />Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - K. Kawagoe
- />Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - S. Komamiya
- />Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, and International Center for Elementary Particle Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - A. S. Kronfeld
- />Theoretical Physics Department, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL USA
- />Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J. Mnich
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Peskin
- />SLAC, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025 USA
| | | | - A. Wagner
- />Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg und Zeuthen, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
- />University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Yamamoto
- />Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
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Kanold JM, Lemloh ML, Schwendt P, Burghard Z, Baier J, Herbst F, Bill J, Marin F, Brümmer F. In vivo enrichment of magnesium ions modifies sea urchin spicule properties. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2015. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.14.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin embryos produce an endoskeleton composed of two symmetric spicules that consist of calcite, containing approximately 5% magnesium. The function of magnesium ions in mineral formation in vivo and the consequence of their incorporation into the mineral on mechanical properties are largely unknown. The authors investigated the in vivo effects of excess magnesium ion concentrations in the medium on skeletal development of Arbacia lixula. Morphological deformations of pluteus larval spicules were observed after cultivation in Mg2+-enriched sea water. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that magnesium ions were homogeneously distributed for complete larvae and spicule cross-sections. Magnesium ion content was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, which revealed a considerable increased incorporation of magnesium ions into spicules of larvae from Mg2+-enriched sea water. However, no change in crystal polymorph formation was observed by X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties of spicule cross-sections were analysed by nanoindentation and revealed significantly higher stiffness values for spicules from Mg2+-enriched sea water compared to the control, whereas no significant change in hardness values was obtained. This in vivo study shows that increased magnesium ion incorporation into sea urchin larval spicules modifies the mineral properties and supports this model to investigate the effect of minor ions on biomineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maxi Kanold
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Lemloh
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Biomineralization Group, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peggy Schwendt
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zaklina Burghard
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Baier
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frédéric Herbst
- ICB, UMR 5209 – DAI, Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Dijon, France
| | - Joachim Bill
- Professor, Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijion, France
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Professor, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Nissen M, Shcherbakov D, Heyer A, Brümmer F, Schill RO. Behaviour of the plathelminth Symsagittifera roscoffensis under different light conditions and the consequences for the symbiotic algae Tetraselmis convolutae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:1693-8. [PMID: 25852067 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Symsagittifera roscoffensis is a plathelminth living in symbiosis with the green algae Tetraselmis convolutae. Host and symbiont are a model system for the study of endosymbiosis, which has so far mainly focused on their biochemical interactions. Symsagittifera roscoffensis is well known for its positive phototaxis that is hypothesized to optimize the symbiont's light perception for photosynthesis. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of phototaxis using light sources of different wavelength and brightness by videotracking. Furthermore, we compared the behavioural data with the electron transfer rate of the photosystem from cultured symbiotic cells. The symbiotic algae is adapted to low light conditions, showing a positive electron transfer rate at a photosynthetically active radiation of 0.112 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1), and S. roscoffensis showed a positive phototactic behaviour for light intensities up to 459.17 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1), which is not optimal regarding the needs of the symbiotic cells and may even harm host and symbiont. Red light cannot be detected by the animals and therefore their eyes seem not to be suitable for measuring the exact photosynthetically active radiation to the benefit of the photosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nissen
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Institute, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstr. 11 A, Rostock 18057, Germany Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Denis Shcherbakov
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Arnd Heyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ralph O Schill
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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Kanold JM, Guichard N, Immel F, Plasseraud L, Corneillat M, Alcaraz G, Brümmer F, Marin F. Spine and test skeletal matrices of the Mediterranean sea urchin Arbacia lixula--a comparative characterization of their sugar signature. FEBS J 2015; 282:1891-905. [PMID: 25702947 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcified structures of sea urchins are biocomposite materials that comprise a minor fraction of organic macromolecules, such as proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are thought to collectively regulate mineral deposition during the process of calcification. When occluded, they modify the properties of the mineral. In the present study, the organic matrices (both soluble and insoluble in acetic acid) of spines and tests from the Mediterranean black sea urchin Arbacia lixula were extracted and characterized, in order to determine whether they exhibit similar biochemical signatures. Bulk characterizations were performed by mono-dimensional SDS/PAGE, FT-IR spectroscopy, and an in vitro crystallization assay. We concentrated our efforts on characterization of the sugar moieties. To this end, we determined the monosaccharide content of the soluble and insoluble organic matrices of A. lixula spines and tests by HPAE-PAD, together with their respective lectin-binding profiles via enzyme-linked lectin assay. Finally, we performed in situ localization of N-acetyl glucosamine-containing saccharides on spines and tests using gold-conjugated wheatgerm agglutinin. Our data show that the test and spine matrices exhibit different biochemical signatures with regard to their saccharidic fraction, suggesting that future studies should analyse the regulation of mineral deposition by the matrix in these two mineralized structures in detail. This study re-emphasizes the importance of non-protein moieties, i.e. sugars, in calcium carbonate systems, and highlights the need to clearly identify their function in the biomineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kanold
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathalie Guichard
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Immel
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Plasseraud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Faculté des Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Corneillat
- Unité Propre Soutien de Programme PROXISS, Département Agronomie Environnement AgroSupDijon, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Alcaraz
- Unité Propre Soutien de Programme PROXISS, Département Agronomie Environnement AgroSupDijon, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Kanold JM, Immel F, Broussard C, Guichard N, Plasseraud L, Corneillat M, Alcaraz G, Brümmer F, Marin F. The test skeletal matrix of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 2015; 13:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bayer K, Moitinho-Silva L, Brümmer F, Cannistraci CV, Ravasi T, Hentschel U. GeoChip-based insights into the microbial functional gene repertoire of marine sponges (high microbial abundance, low microbial abundance) and seawater. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:832-43. [PMID: 25318900 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The GeoChip 4.2 gene array was employed to interrogate the microbial functional gene repertoire of sponges and seawater collected from the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Complementary amplicon sequencing confirmed the microbial community composition characteristic of high microbial abundance (HMA) and low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. By use of GeoChip, altogether 20,273 probes encoding for 627 functional genes and representing 16 gene categories were identified. Minimum curvilinear embedding analyses revealed a clear separation between the samples. The HMA/LMA dichotomy was stronger than any possible geographic pattern, which is shown here for the first time on the level of functional genes. However, upon inspection of individual genes, very few specific differences were discernible. Differences were related to microbial ammonia oxidation, ammonification, and archaeal autotrophic carbon fixation (higher gene abundance in sponges over seawater) as well as denitrification and radiation-stress-related genes (lower gene abundance in sponges over seawater). Except for few documented specific differences the functional gene repertoire between the different sources appeared largely similar. This study expands previous reports in that functional gene convergence is not only reported between HMA and LMA sponges but also between sponges and seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bayer
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Total amounts and patterns of bromoisoxazoline alkaloids of Aplysina sponges from Croatia (Mediterranean Sea) were analyzed along an underwater slope ranging from 1.8 to 38.5 m. Total amounts of alkaloids varied from sample to sample and showed no correlation with depth. In contrast, striking differences of alkaloid patterns were found between sponges from shallow sites (1.8 - 11.8 m) and those collected from deeper sites (11.8 - 38.5 m). Sponges from shallow depths consistently exhibited alkaloid patterns typical for Aplysina aerophoba with aerophobin-2 (2) and isofistularin-3 (3) as main constituents. Sponges from deeper sites (below 11.8 m) resembled Aplysina cavernicola with aerothionin (4) and aplysinamisin- 1 (1) as major compounds. The typical A. cavernicola pigment 3,4-dihydroxyquinoline- 2-carboxylic acid (6), however, could not be detected in A. aerophoba sponges but was replaced by the A. aerophoba pigment uranidine (5) which appeared to be present in all sponge samples analyzed. During transplantation experiments sponges from sites below 30 m featuring the A. cavernicola chemotype of bromoisoxazoline alkaloids were translocated to shallower habitats (10 m). The alkaloid patterns in transplanted sponges were found to be stable over a period of 12 months and unaffected by this change in depth. In a further experiment, clones of Aplysina sponges from shallow depths of 5 - 6 m resembling the A. aerophoba chemotype were either kept in situ under natural light conditions or artificially shaded by excluding photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Neither 4 nor 1 were detected in artificially shaded sponges over an observation period of 12 months. In summary, two chemically distinct types of Aplysina sponges were discovered in this study that proved to be remarkably stable with regard to the bromoisoxazoline patterns and unaffected either by changing the light conditions or depth. It is not clear presently whether the Aplysina sponges collected from depths < 11.8 m represent a new chemotype of A. cavernicola lacking the pigment 6 or whether we have incidentally come across a so far undescribed species of the genus Aplysina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Putz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany Fax: ++49 – 2 11 – 8 11 19 23
| | - Anne Kloeppel
- Biologisches Institut, Abteilung Zoologie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Pfannkuchen
- Biologisches Institut, Abteilung Zoologie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Biologisches Institut, Abteilung Zoologie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Fax: ++49 – 2 11 – 8 11 19 23
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19
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Siller L, Lemloh ML, Piticharoenphun S, Mendis BG, Horrocks BR, Brümmer F, Medaković D. Silver nanoparticle toxicity in sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Environ Pollut 2013; 178:498-502. [PMID: 23561841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPS) are an important model system for studying potential environmental risks posed by the use of nanomaterials. So far there is no consensus as to whether toxicity is due to AgNPs themselves or Ag(+) ions leaching from their surfaces. In sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, AgNPs cause dose dependent developmental defects such as delayed development, bodily asymmetry and shortened or irregular arms, as well as behavioural changes, particularly in swimming patterns, at concentration ∼0.3 mg/L AgNPs. It has been observed that AgNPs are more toxic than their equivalent Ag(+) ion dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Siller
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
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Akuzov D, Brümmer F, Vladkova T. Some possibilities to reduce the biofilm formation on transparent siloxane coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 104:303-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lemloh ML, Burghard Z, Forien JB, Bill J, Brümmer F. Low Mg/Ca ratio alters material properties in sea urchin larvae skeleton. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2013. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.12.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization in organisms is strictly regulated, and therefore, chemical compositions as well as crystal structures of the minerals are species specific. During the embryonic development, sea urchin larvae produce a calcite endoskeleton (spicules) that contains about 5% of Mg. For sea urchins and other organisms, it is assumed that Mg is important for the process of biomineralization and for the mechanical properties of the resulting biomineral. To study the influence of Mg on skeletal growth and on biomineral structure and composition, sea urchin larvae spicules were chosen as an in vivo test system. For this purpose, the Mg/Ca ratio was modified in the artificial seawater medium wherein sea urchin larvae were growing. It was shown that Mg deficiency during larval development caused morphology defects of the larvae and of their calcite spicules. The Mg distribution within the larvae skeleton was analyzed and found to be homogenous. An in vivo reduction of the Mg content influenced the mechanical performance of larval spicules (Young’s modulus and hardness). The investigations of larvae exposed to reduced Mg conditions highlight the important role Mg plays for sea urchin larvae development, biomineralization process and the resulting biomineral. The sea urchin larvae are presented as an ideal model to study different effects on larval development and morphology, especially on the biomineral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaklina Burghard
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Biological Institute, Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Lemloh ML, Hoos S, Görtz HD, Brümmer F. Isolation of alveolar plates from Coleps hirtus. Eur J Protistol 2013; 49:62-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lemloh ML, Marin F, Herbst F, Plasseraud L, Schweikert M, Baier J, Bill J, Brümmer F. Genesis of amorphous calcium carbonate containing alveolar plates in the ciliate Coleps hirtus (Ciliophora, Prostomatea). J Struct Biol 2012; 181:155-61. [PMID: 23228488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the protist world, the ciliate Coleps hirtus (phylum Ciliophora, class Prostomatea) synthesizes a peculiar biomineralized test made of alveolar plates, structures located within alveolar vesicles at the cell cortex. Alveolar plates are arranged by overlapping like an armor and they are thought to protect and/or stiffen the cell. Although their morphology is species-specific and of complex architecture, so far almost nothing is known about their genesis, their structure and their elemental and mineral composition. We investigated the genesis of new alveolar plates after cell division and examined cells and isolated alveolar plates by electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, FTIR and X-ray diffraction. Our investigations revealed an organic mesh-like structure that guides the formation of new alveolar plates like a template and the role of vesicles transporting inorganic material. We further demonstrated that the inorganic part of the alveolar plates is composed out of amorphous calcium carbonate. For stabilization of the amorphous phase, the alveolar vesicles, the organic fraction and the element phosphorus may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Lemloh
- Biological Institute, Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57,70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Santomauro G, Srot V, Bussmann B, A. van Aken P, Brümmer F, Strunk H, Bill J. Biomineralization of Zinc-Phosphate-Based Nano Needles by Living Microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2012.33034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fritz GB, Pfannkuchen M, Struck U, Hengherr S, Strohmeier S, Brümmer F. Characterizing an Anoxic Habitat: Sulfur Bacteria in a Meromictic Alpine Lake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Hengherr S, Heyer AG, Brümmer F, Schill RO. Trehalose and vitreous states: desiccation tolerance of dormant stages of the crustaceans Triops and Daphnia. Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:147-53. [PMID: 21460525 DOI: 10.1086/658499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Several aquatic organisms are able to withstand extreme desiccation in at least one of their life stages. This is commonly known as "anhydrobiosis." It was often thought that to tolerate such a desiccated state required high amounts of compatible solutes such as the nonreducing disaccharide trehalose, which protects cellular structures by water replacement and glass formation. Trehalose levels of dormant eggs and cysts of five freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Triops longicaudatus, Triops cancriformis, and Triops australiensis) were observed in different states of hydration and dehydration. Although trehalose was detected in all species, the concentration was under 0.5% of the dry weight (0.05 μg/μg protein), and no change between the different states was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicated that dried cysts of all Triops species were in a glassy state, supporting the vitrification hypothesis. No indication for a vitreous state was found in dried resting eggs of Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hengherr
- Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Ottinger S, Klöppel A, Rausch V, Liu L, Kallifatidis G, Gross W, Gebhard MM, Brümmer F, Herr I. Targeting of pancreatic and prostate cancer stem cell characteristics by Crambe crambe marine sponge extract. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1671-81. [PMID: 21544815 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suggested as reason for resistance of tumors toward conventional tumor therapy including pancreatic and advanced prostate cancer. New therapeutic agents are urgently needed for targeting of CSCs. Marine sponges harbor novel and undefined compounds with antineoplastic activity but their potential to eliminate CSC characteristics is not examined so far. We collected 10 marine sponges and one freshwater sponge by diving at the seaside and prepared crude methanolic extracts. The effect to established pancreatic and prostate CSC lines was evaluated by analysis of apoptosis, cell cycle, side population, colony and spheroid formation, migratory potential in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. While each sponge extract at a 1:10 dilution efficiently diminished viability, Crambe crambe marine sponge extract (CR) still strongly reduced viability of tumor cells at a dilution of 1:1,000 but was less toxic to normal fibroblasts and endothelial cells. CR inhibited self-renewal capacity, apoptosis resistance, and proliferation even in gemcitabine-selected pancreatic cancer cells with acquired therapy resistance and enhanced CSC characteristics. CR pretreatment of tumor cells diminished tumorigenicity of gemcitabine-resistant tumor cells in mice and totally abolished tumor take upon combination with gemcitabine. Our data suggest that CR contains substances, which render standard cancer therapy more effective by targeting of CSC characteristics. Isolation of bioactive metabolites from CR and evaluation in mice are required for development of new CSC-specific chemotherapeutic drugs from a marine sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ottinger
- Molecular OncoSurgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐louise Lemloh
- Biological Institute, Zoology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Biological Institute, Zoology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralph O. Schill
- Biological Institute, Zoology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph O. Schill
- Department of Zoology, Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K. Ingemar Jönsson
- Kristianstad University, School of Teacher Education, Aquatic Biology & Chemistry Group, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Martin Pfannkuchen
- Department of Zoology, Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Department of Zoology, Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Stuttgart, Germany
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Brümmer F. A Mechanical Ingenuity Test. The Journal of General Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00221309.1929.9918092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Perseke M, Bernhard D, Fritzsch G, Brümmer F, Stadler PF, Schlegel M. Mitochondrial genome evolution in Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea: Insights in phylogenetic relationships of Echinodermata. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:201-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reuner A, Hengherr S, Mali B, Förster F, Arndt D, Reinhardt R, Dandekar T, Frohme M, Brümmer F, Schill RO. Stress response in tardigrades: differential gene expression of molecular chaperones. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:423-30. [PMID: 19943197 PMCID: PMC3082643 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-terrestrial tardigrades exhibit a remarkable tolerance to desiccation by entering a state called anhydrobiosis. In this state, they show a strong resistance against several kinds of physical extremes. Because of the probable importance of stress proteins during the phases of dehydration and rehydration, the relative abundance of transcripts coding for two alpha-crystallin heat-shock proteins (Mt-sHsp17.2 and Mt-sHsp19.5), as well for the heat-shock proteins Mt-sHsp10, Mt-Hsp60, Mt-Hsp70 and Mt-Hsp90, were analysed in active and anhydrobiotic tardigrades of the species Milnesium tardigradum. They were also analysed in the transitional stage (I) of dehydration, the transitional stage (II) of rehydration and in heat-shocked specimens. A variable pattern of expression was detected, with most candidates being downregulated. Gene transcripts of one Mt-hsp70 isoform in the transitional stage I and Mt-hsp90 in the anhydrobiotic stage were significantly upregulated. A high gene expression (778.6-fold) was found for the small alpha-crystallin heat-shock protein gene Mt-sHsp17.2 after heat shock. We discuss the limited role of the stress-gene expression in the transitional stages between the active and anhydrobiotic tardigrades and other mechanisms which allow tardigrades to survive desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Reuner
- Zoology, Biological Institute, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Hengherr
- Zoology, Biological Institute, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Brahim Mali
- Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Bahnhofstraße 1, Gebäude 15, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Frank Förster
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Detlev Arndt
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Reinhardt
- MPI for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Bahnhofstraße 1, Gebäude 15, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Zoology, Biological Institute, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralph O. Schill
- Zoology, Biological Institute, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
Abstract
The impact of starvation and anhydrobiosis on the number and size of the storage cells in the tardigrade species Milnesium tardigradum, Paramacrobiotus tonollii and Macrobiotus sapiens was investigated to gain more insight on the energetic side of anhydrobiosis. Storage cells are free floating cells within the body cavity of tardigrades and are presumed to store and release energy in form of glycogen, protein and fat to maintain a constant nutrient regime for the other tissues. The body size of the animals was not correlated with the size of the storage cells, however, M. tardigradum the largest species analysed also had the largest storage cells. A reduction in the size of the storage cells is apparent in all three species after seven days of starvation. A seven-day period of anhydrobiosis leads to a decrease in cell size in M. tardigradum but not in P. tonollii and M. sapiens. Although M. sapiens was raised on green algae, and M. tardigradum and P. tonollii were fed with rotifers and nematodes this difference in nourishment was not reflected in the response of the storage cells to anhydrobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Reuner
- Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Zoology, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Hengherr
- Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Zoology, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Zoology, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralph O. Schill
- Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Zoology, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Shcherbakov D, Schill RO, Brümmer F, Blum M. Movement behaviour and video tracking of Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 (Eutardigrada, Apochela). Contributions to Zoology 2010. [DOI: 10.1163/18759866-07901002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tardigrades or ‘water-bears’ live in moist environments with a high degree of gaseous exchange. In tardigrades, locomotion is essential, e.g. for feeding, to find sexual partners and to adjust the level of hydration by moving to wetter or dryer environments. Here we report on the movement behaviour of Milnesium tardigradum in automated experiments using custom-made video tracking software. The experiments involved 754 hours of recording involving 32 individuals. No significant differences in mobility were observed under infrared versus visible light conditions, representing night and day, respectively. The mean recorded velocity was 23.3 ± 7.38 mm/h, with a maximum of 1166.4 mm/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Shcherbakov
- 1 Institute of Zoology University of Hohenheim 70593 Stuttgart Germany
- 3 E-mail:
| | - Ralph O. Schill
- 2 Institute of Biology, Zoology University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- 2 Institute of Biology, Zoology University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Blum
- 1 Institute of Zoology University of Hohenheim 70593 Stuttgart Germany
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Hengherr S, Worland M, Reuner A, Brümmer F, Schill R. High‐Temperature Tolerance in Anhydrobiotic Tardigrades Is Limited by Glass Transition. Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:749-55. [DOI: 10.1086/605954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Eschbach E, Pfannkuchen M, Schweikert M, Drutschmann D, Brümmer F, Fokin S, Ludwig W, Görtz HD. "Candidatus Paraholospora nucleivisitans", an intracellular bacterium in Paramecium sexaurelia shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of its host. Syst Appl Microbiol 2009; 32:490-500. [PMID: 19679418 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An intracellular bacterium was discovered in two isolates of Paramecium sexaurelia from an aquarium with tropical fish in Münster (Germany) and from a pond in the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden, Stuttgart (Germany). The bacteria were regularly observed in the cytoplasm of the host, but on some occasions they were found in the macronucleus of the host cell. In these cases, only a few, if any, bacteria were observed remaining in the cytoplasm. The bacterium was not infectious to P. sexaurelia or other species of Paramecium and appeared to be an obligate intracellular bacterium, while bacteria-free host cells were completely viable. The fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and comparative 16SrDNA sequence analyses showed that the bacterium belonged to a new genus, and was most closely, yet quite distantly, related to Holospora obtusa. In spite of this relationship, the new bacteria differed from Holospora by at least two biological features. Whereas all Holospora species reside exclusively in the nuclei of various species of Paramecium and show a life cycle with a morphologically distinct infectious form, for the new bacterium no infectious form and no life cycle have been observed. For the new bacterium, the name Candidatus Paraholospora nucleivisitans is suggested. The host P. sexaurelia is usually known from tropical and subtropical areas and is not a species typically found in Germany and central Europe. Possibly, it had been taken to Germany with fish or plants from tropical or subtropical waters. Candidatus Paraholospora nucleivisitans may therefore be regarded as an intracellular neobacterium for Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Eschbach
- Universität Stuttgart, Biologisches Institut, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Bräuner T, Brümmer F, Hülser DF. Einwirkung von Stosswellen auf tierische Zellkulturen Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1988.33.s2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brümmer F, Brenner J, Bräuner T, Nesper M, Hülser D. Einwirkung von Stosswellen auf tierische Zellkulturen. Durchflußzytometrische Untersuchungen physiologischer Parameter. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1988.33.s2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Prokic I, Brümmer F, Brigge T, Görtz HD, Gerdts G, Schütt C, Elbrächter M, Müller WE. Bacteria of the Genus Roseobacter Associated with the Toxic Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Protist 2009. [PMID: 23194717 DOI: 10.1016/s1434-4610(98)70041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima is known to produce diarrhetic shellfish poisons. However, it is yet unclear if the dinoflagellates themselves or the bacteria associated with them produce the toxins. Here we analyze the toxicity as well as the spectrum of bacteria in two cultures of P. lima, namely P. lima-SY and P. lima-ST, which initially derived from the same P. lima strain PL2V. Toxicity tests, applying the Artemia bioassay revealed in both cultures high levels of toxins. The bacteria, associated with the two cultures, were identified by PCR/nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. From cultures of P. lima-SY the dominant sequence was found to share a 93.7% similarity with the sequence of Roseobacter algocolus [R. algicola]; the relative abundance was determined to be 83%. In addition three further sequences of bacteria, grouped to the α-Protobacteria have been identified: Paracoccus denitrificans [90.8%], R. algocolus [94.4%] and Rhizobium huakuii [92.6%]. The identification of bacteria in P. lima-ST revealed that most share highest similarity with Bartonella taylorii but with a relatively low score of 87%. In addition to this sequence, two sequences with high similarity to the genus Roseobacter were obtained. The other sequences identified have not been detected in P. lima-SY. Studies with pure bacterial strains, previously isolated from a culture of P. lima-ST and subsequently cultured on agar plates, revealed that none of them was identical to those identified in the dinoflagellate culture itself. An explanation for the change of the spectrum of bacteria in the different cultures can only be expected when axenic cultures from P. lima are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Prokic
- lnstitut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, D - 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Lemloh ML, Fromont J, Brümmer F, Usher KM. Diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges in temperate Western Australia. BMC Ecol 2009; 9:4. [PMID: 19196460 PMCID: PMC2646722 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photosynthetic sponges are important components of reef ecosystems around the world, but are poorly understood. It is often assumed that temperate regions have low diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges, but to date no studies have investigated this question. The aim of this study was to compare the percentages of photosynthetic sponges in temperate Western Australia (WA) with previously published data on tropical regions, and to determine the abundance and diversity of these associations in a range of temperate environments. Results We sampled sponges on 5 m belt transects to determine the percentage of photosynthetic sponges and identified at least one representative of each group of symbionts using 16S rDNA sequencing together with microscopy techniques. Our results demonstrate that photosynthetic sponges are abundant in temperate WA, with an average of 63% of sponge individuals hosting high levels of photosynthetic symbionts and 11% with low to medium levels. These percentages of photosynthetic sponges are comparable to those found on tropical reefs and may have important implications for ecosystem function on temperate reefs in other areas of the world. A diverse range of symbionts sometimes occurred within a small geographic area, including the three "big" cyanobacterial clades, Oscillatoria spongeliae, "Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum" and Synechocystis species, and it appears that these clades all occur in a wide range of sponges. Additionally, spongin-permeating red algae occurred in at least 7 sponge species. This study provides the first investigation of the molecular phylogeny of rhodophyte symbionts in sponges. Conclusion Photosynthetic sponges are abundant and diverse in temperate WA, with comparable percentages of photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic sponges to tropical zones. It appears that there are three common generalist clades of cyanobacterial symbionts of sponges which occur in a wide range of sponges in a wide range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Lemloh
- Abteilung Zoologie, Biologisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Klöppel A, Grasse W, Brümmer F, Morlock G. HPTLC coupled with bioluminescence and mass spectrometry for bioactivity-based analysis of secondary metabolites in marine sponges. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.21.2008.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Schill R, Neumann S, Reuner A, Brümmer F. Detection of DNA damage with single-cell gel electrophoresis in anhydrobiotic tardigrades. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Schill R, Reuner A, Brümmer F. Heat shock protein response during estivation in the Mediterranean Grunt Snail (Cantareus apertus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hengherr S, Worland M, Brümmer F, Schill R. Vitrification as a limiting factor for high temperature tolerance in tardigrades. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reuner A, Hengherr S, Brümmer F, Schill R. Comparative studies on storage cells in tardigrades during starvation and anhydrobiosis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reuner A, Brümmer F, Schill R, Zantke J, Kube M, Kuhl H, Reinhardt R, Mali B, Frohme M, Förster F, Dandekar T. Mechanisms and molecular adaptation to extreme dehydration in tardigrades: Hsp gene expression in Milnesium tardigradum. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reuner A, Brümmer F, Schill RO. Heat shock proteins (Hsp70) and water content in the estivating Mediterranean Grunt Snail (Cantareus apertus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 151:28-31. [PMID: 18579425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonate land snails often are able to estivate to survive dry hot seasons were water and food are scarce. The aperture of the shell is closed with an epiphragm, and metabolism is depressed to approximately one fourth of basal metabolism. We investigated a molecular aspect of estivation focussing on the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) stress response during estivation in the Mediterranean Grunt Snail Cantareus apertus. Sequences of a new inducible hsp70 and of actin are presented and expression of the hsp70 gene as well as Hsp70 protein content was measured in estivating animals. Both Hsp70 protein and mRNA do not show a significant change from the control, although there is a trend that hsp70 mRNA is less abundant in estivating specimens. After heat shock, the expression of hsp70 increased and a higher Hsp70 protein content was detected. Water relations were also investigated. After a period of 6 months in the dormant state, the snails contained 14% less water than active ones, implying a constricted protection against desiccation, compared to the desert snail Sphincterochila zonata, and a Mediterranean-type water economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Reuner
- Biological Institute, Zoology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Hoffmann F, Røy H, Bayer K, Hentschel U, Pfannkuchen M, Brümmer F, de Beer D. Oxygen dynamics and transport in the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba. Mar Biol 2008; 153:1257-1264. [PMID: 24391232 PMCID: PMC3873076 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-008-0905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba kept in aquaria or cultivation tanks can stop pumping for several hours or even days. To investigate changes in the chemical microenvironments, we measured oxygen profiles over the surface and into the tissue of pumping and non-pumping A. aerophoba specimens with Clark-type oxygen microelectrodes (tip diameters 18-30 μm). Total oxygen consumption rates of whole sponges were measured in closed chambers. These rates were used to back-calculate the oxygen distribution in a finite-element model. Combining direct measurements with calculations of diffusive flux and modeling revealed that the tissue of non-pumping sponges turns anoxic within 15 min, with the exception of a 1 mm surface layer where oxygen intrudes due to molecular diffusion over the sponge surface. Molecular diffusion is the only transport mechanism for oxygen into non-pumping sponges, which allows total oxygen consumption rates of 6-12 μmol cm-3 sponge day-1. Sponges of different sizes had similar diffusional uptake rates, which is explained by their similar surface/volume ratios. In pumping sponges, oxygen consumption rates were between 22 and 37 μmol cm-3 sponge day-1, and the entire tissue was oxygenated. Combining different approaches of direct oxygen measurement in living sponges with a dynamic model, we can show that tissue anoxia is a direct function of the pumping behavior. The sponge-microbe system of A. aerophoba thus has the possibility to switch actively between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism by stopping the water flow for more than 15 min. These periods of anoxia will greatly influence physiological variety and activity of the sponge microbes. Detailed knowledge about the varying chemical microenvironments in sponges will help to develop protocols to cultivate sponge-associated microbial lineages and improve our understanding of the sponge-microbe-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hoffmann
- />Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans Røy
- />Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- />Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Århus, Ny Munkegade 1540, 0800 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bayer
- />Research Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- />Research Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Pfannkuchen
- />Biologisches Institut, Abteilung Zoologie, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- />Biologisches Institut, Abteilung Zoologie, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk de Beer
- />Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Thiel V, Leininger S, Schmaljohann R, Brümmer F, Imhoff JF. Sponge-specific bacterial associations of the Mediterranean sponge Chondrilla nucula (Demospongiae, Tetractinomorpha). Microb Ecol 2007; 54:101-11. [PMID: 17364249 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-006-9177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A stable and specific bacterial community was shown to be associated with the Mediterranean sponge Chondrilla nucula. The associated bacterial communities were demonstrated to be highly similar for all studied specimens regardless of sampling time and geographical region. In addition, analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries revealed three constantly C. nucula-associated bacterial phylotypes belonging to the Acidobacteria, the Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria present in sponge specimens from two Mediterranean regions with distinct water masses (Ligurian Sea and Adriatic Sea). For the first time, candidate division TM7 bacteria were found in marine sponges. A major part (79%) of the C. nucula-derived 16S rDNA sequences were closely related to other sponge-associated bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis identified 14 16S rRNA gene sequence clusters, seven of which consisted of exclusively sponge-derived sequences, whereas the other seven clusters contained additional environmental sequences. This study adds to a growing database on the stability and variability of microbial consortia associated with marine sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Thiel
- Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM-GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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