1
|
Zhong X, Sun J, Zeng N, Xiong Y, An Y, Wang S, Xia Q. The Effect of Sex on the Therapeutic Efficiency of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:382. [PMID: 38254871 PMCID: PMC10814446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex is an important factor influencing the immune system, and the distribution of tumors, including their types and subtypes, is characterized by sexual dichotomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between sex and the treatment effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). METHODS Four bibliographic databases were searched. Studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of ICI were identified and used, and the primary endpoint was the difference in efficacy of ICI between males and females, presented as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The study calculated the pooled HRs and 95% CIs for OS, PFS and RFS for males and females using a random effects model or a fixed effects model, and thereby assessed the effect of sex on the efficacy of ICI treatment. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022370939). RESULTS A total of 103 articles, including a total of 63,755 patients with cancer, were retrieved from the bibliographic database, of which approximately 70% were males. In studies with OS as the outcome, the combined hazard ratio (HR) was 0.77 (95% CI 0.74-0.79) for male patients treated with ICI and 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.85) for female patients compared to controls, respectively. The difference in efficacy between males and females was significant. CONCLUSIONS ICI therapy, under suitable conditions for its use, has a positive impact on survival in various types of tumors, and male patients benefit more than females. It may be necessary to develop different tumor immunotherapy strategies for patients of different sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaogang Wang
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; (X.Z.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.)
| | - Qidong Xia
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; (X.Z.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maggi A. Sex and Liver Disease: The Necessity of an Overarching Theory to Explain the Effect of Sex on Nonreproductive Functions. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6425114. [PMID: 34758075 PMCID: PMC8826248 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of studies illuminating major sex differences in liver metabolic activities is growing, but we still lack a theory to explain the origin of the functional differences we are identifying. In the animal kingdom, energy metabolism is tightly associated with reproduction; conceivably, the major evolutionary step that occurred about 200 million years ago with placentation determined a significant change in female physiology, as females had to create new energy strategies to allow the growth of the embryo in the womb and the lactation of the newborn. In vertebrates the liver is the metabolic organ most tuned to gonadal functions because the liver synthesizes and transports of all the components necessary for the maturation of the egg upon estrogenic stimulation. Thus, in mammals, evolution must have worked on the already strict gonad-liver relationship fostering these novel reproductive needs. As a consequence, the functions of mammalian liver in females diverged from that in males to acquire the flexibility necessary to tailor metabolism according to reproductive status and to ensure the parsimonious exploitation and storage of energy for the continuation of gestation in case of food scarcity. Indeed, several studies show that male and female livers adopt very different strategies when confronted with nutritional stress of varied origins. Considering the role of liver and energy metabolism in most pathologies, a better focus on liver functions in the 2 sexes might be of considerable help in personalizing medicine and pharmacology for male and female needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maggi
- Correspondence: Adriana Maggi, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20219 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neoadjuvant/Perioperative Treatment Affects Spatial Distribution and Densities of Tumor Associated Neutrophils and CD8+ Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111184. [PMID: 34834537 PMCID: PMC8622782 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are part of the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC). We explored their tumor biological significance in neoadjuvantly/perioperatively treated GC. Immunostaining was performed on whole tissue sections of 173 GCs, using antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CD8. Stained specimens were digitalized, and the densities of TANs and CTLs were assessed separately in the mucosa, tumor surface, tumor center, invasion front, and tumor scar. The densities were correlated with clinicopathological patient characteristics. Compared with a historical cohort of 449 treatment naive GCs, the TAN density in the invasion front was significantly lower in neoadjuvantly/perioperatively treated GCs. TAN density in the tumor center and invasion front correlated with tumor regression. TAN density also correlated with CTL density in the tumor center and invasion front. A high density of CTL in the tumor center correlated with an improved overall survival and tumor specific survival. We show that neoadjuvant/perioperative (radio-) chemotherapy impacts on the immune microenvironment of GC, while also depending on sex. The density of TANs in neoadjuvantly/perioperatively treated GCs differed from findings made in a treatment naive GC cohort.
Collapse
|
4
|
Koblihová E, Mrázová I, Vaňourková Z, Maxová H, Ryska M, Froněk J. Sex-linked differences in the course of thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure in Lewis rats. Physiol Res 2020; 69:835-845. [PMID: 32901492 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome with high mortality rate, resulting from widespread hepatocyte damage. Its pathophysiological background is still poorly understood and preclinical studies evaluating pathophysiology and new potential therapeutic measures are needed. The model of ALF induced by administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in Lewis rats is recommended as optimal; however, the limitation of previous studies was that they were performed predominantly in male rats. In view of the growing recognition that sex as a biological variable should be taken into consideration in preclinical research, we examined its role in the development of TAA-induced ALF in Lewis rats. We found that, first, intact male Lewis rats showed lower survival rate than their female counterparts, due to augmented liver injury documented by higher plasma ammonia, and bilirubin levels and alanine aminotransferase activity. Second, in female rats castration did not alter the course of TAA-induced ALF whereas in the male gonadectomy improved the survival rate and attenuated liver injury, reducing it to levels observed in their female counterparts. In conclusion, we found that Lewis rats show a remarkable sexual dimorphism with respect to TAA-induced ALF, and male rats display dramatically poorer prognosis as compared with the females. We showed that testosterone is responsible for the deterioration of the course of TAA-induced ALF in male rats. In most general terms, our findings indicate that in the preclinical studies of the pathophysiology and treatment of ALF (at least of the TAA-induced form) the sex-linked differences should be seriously considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Koblihová
- Department of Surgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sex and Gender Influences on Cancer Immunotherapy Response. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070232. [PMID: 32708265 PMCID: PMC7400663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of cancer is growing and a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex has been demonstrated. The sex specificity of cancer appears to be a relevant issue in the management of the disease, and studies investigating the role of sex and gender are becoming extremely urgent. Sex hormones are presumably the leading actors of sex differences in cancer, especially estrogens. They modulate gene expression, alter molecules and generate disparities in effectiveness and side effects of anticancer therapies. Recently immunotherapy aims to improve anticancer treatment strategies reducing off-target effects of chemotherapy and direct cancer cells killing. It is recognized as a fruitful strategy to treat and possible to cure cancer. Immunotherapeutic agents are used to activate or boost the activation of the immune system to fight cancer cells through physiological mechanisms often evaded in the offensive march of the disease. These therapeutic strategies have allowed new successes, but also have serious adverse effects including non-specific inflammation and autoimmunity. Sex and gender issues are of primary importance in this field, due to their recognized role in inflammation, immunity and cancer, and the clarification and understanding of these aspects is a necessary step to increase the responses and to diminish the adverse effects of immunotherapy. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in cancer immunotherapy, and will offer insights to stimulate the attention and practice of clinicians and researchers in a gender perspective of new cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Burman A, Garcia-Milian R, Whirledge S. Gene X environment: the cellular environment governs the transcriptional response to environmental chemicals. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:19. [PMID: 32448403 PMCID: PMC7247264 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An individual’s response to environmental exposures varies depending on their genotype, which has been termed the gene-environment interaction. The phenotype of cell exposed can also be a key determinant in the response to physiological cues, indicating that a cell-gene-environment interaction may exist. We investigated whether the cellular environment could alter the transcriptional response to environmental chemicals. Publicly available gene expression array data permitted a targeted comparison of the transcriptional response to a unique subclass of environmental chemicals that alter the activity of the estrogen receptor, xenoestrogens. Results Thirty xenoestrogens were included in the analysis, for which 426 human gene expression studies were identified. Comparisons were made for studies that met the predefined criteria for exposure length, concentration, and experimental replicates. The cellular response to the phytoestrogen genistein resulted in remarkably unique transcriptional profiles in breast, liver, and uterine cell-types. Analysis of gene regulatory networks and molecular pathways revealed that the cellular context mediated the activation or repression of functions important to cellular organization and survival, including opposing effects by genistein in breast vs. liver and uterine cell-types. When controlling for cell-type, xenoestrogens regulate unique gene networks and biological functions, despite belonging to the same class of environmental chemicals. Interestingly, the genetic sex of the cell-type also strongly influenced the transcriptional response to xenoestrogens in the liver, with only 22% of the genes significantly regulated by genistein common between male and female cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the transcriptional response to environmental chemicals depends on a variety of factors, including the cellular context, the genetic sex of a cell, and the individual chemical. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating the impact of exposure across cell-types, as the effect is responsive to the cellular environment. These comparative genetic results support the concept of a cell-gene-environment interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreanna Burman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sahin A, Liu Y, Kam WR, Darabad RR, Sullivan DA. Dihydrotestosterone suppression of proinflammatory gene expression in human meibomian gland epithelial cells. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:199-205. [PMID: 32112874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We discovered that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreases the ability of lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial toxin, to stimulate the secretion of leukotriene B4, a potent proinflammatory mediator, by immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (IHMGECs). We hypothesize that this hormone action reflects an androgen suppression of proinflammatory gene activity in these cells. Our goal was to test this hypothesis. For comparison, we also examined whether DHT treatment elicits the same effect in immortalized human corneal (IHC) and conjunctival (IHConj) ECs. METHODS Differentiated cells were cultured in media containing vehicle or 10 nM DHT. Cells (n = 3 wells/treatment group) were then processed for RNA isolation and the analysis of gene expression by using Illumina BeadChips, background subtraction, cubic spline normalization and Geospiza software. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that DHT significantly suppressed the expression of numerous immune-related genes in HMGECs, such as those associated with antigen processing and presentation, innate and adaptive immune responses, chemotaxis, and cytokine production. DHT also enhanced the expression of genes for defensin β1, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and the anti-inflammatory serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5. In contrast, DHT had no effect on proinflammatory gene expression in HCECs, and significantly increased 33 gene ontologies linked to the immune system in HConjECs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support our hypothesis that androgens suppress proinflammatory gene expression in IHMGECs. This hormone effect may contribute to the typical absence of inflammation within the human meibomian gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsun Sahin
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Koc University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yang Liu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy R Kam
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raheleh Rahimi Darabad
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Clinical Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valodara AM, SR KJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1154-1166. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191021094906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sex and gender-based differences are observed well beyond the sex organs and affect several physiological and biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of drug molecules. It is essential to understand not only the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of the drug but also the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of drug metabolism for avoiding sex-related adverse effects of drugs in the human.Method:The articles on the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drug molecules were retrieved from the Pub Med database. The articles were classified into the metabolism of the drug molecule, gene expression regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, the effect of sex hormones on the metabolism of drug, expression of drugmetabolizing enzymes, etc.Result:Several drug molecules are known, which are metabolized differently in males and females. These differences in metabolism may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Several other drug molecules still require further evaluation at the molecular level regarding the sex and gender-based differences in their metabolism. Attention is also required at the effect of signaling cascades associated with the metabolism of drug molecules.Conclusion:Sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drugs exist at various levels and it may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Detailed understanding of the effect of sex and related condition on the metabolism of drug molecules will help clinicians to determine the effective therapeutic doses of drugs dependingon the condition of patient and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Askhi M. Valodara
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaid Johar SR
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Radovic SM, Starovlah IM, Capo I, Miljkovic D, Nef S, Kostic TS, Andric SA. Insulin/IGF1 signaling regulates the mitochondrial biogenesis markers in steroidogenic cells of prepubertal testis, but not ovary. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:253-267. [PMID: 30084987 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology are required for cell survival and homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, male and female prepubertal mice (P21) with insulin and IGF1 receptors deletions in steroidogenic tissues (Insr/Igf1r-DKO) were used to investigate transcription of the key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a, Ppargc1b, Pparg, Nrf1, Tfam) and architecture in Leydig cells, ovaries, and adrenals. Results showed that the expression of PGC1, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and integrator of environmental signals, and its downstream target Tfam, significantly decreased in androgen-producing Leydig cells. This is followed by reduction of Mtnd1, a mitochondrial DNA encoded transcript whose core subunit belongs to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. The same markers remained unchanged in ovaries. In contrast, in adrenals, the pattern of transcripts for mitochondrial biogenesis markers was the same in both sexes, but opposite from that observed in Leydig cells. The level of transcripts for markers of mitochondrial architecture (Mfn1, Mfn2) significantly increased in Leydig cells from Insr/Igf1r-DKO, but not in ovaries. This was followed by mitochondrial morphology disturbance, suggesting that the mitochondrial phase of steroidogenesis could be affected. Indeed, basal and pregnenolone stimulated progesterone productions in the mitochondria of Leydig cells from Insr/Igf1r-DKO decreased more than androgen production, and were barely detectable. Our results are the first to show that INSR/IGF1R are important for mitochondrial biogenesis in gonadal steroidogenic cells of prepubertal males, but not females and they serve as important regulators of mitochondrial architecture and biogenesis markers in Leydig cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sava M Radovic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Isidora M Starovlah
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljkovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
" Bridging the Gap" Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010296. [PMID: 31906252 PMCID: PMC6982247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is the first step of personalized medicine and patient-centred care, an essential development to achieve the standard goal of a holistic approach to patients and diseases. By addressing the interrelation and integration of biological markers (i.e., sex) with indicators of psychological/cultural behaviour (i.e., gender), gender medicine represents the crucial assumption for achieving the personalized health-care required in the third millennium. However, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are often misused as synonyms, leading to frequent misunderstandings in those who are not deeply involved in the field. Overall, we have to face the evidence that biological, genetic, epigenetic, psycho-social, cultural, and environmental factors mutually interact in defining sex/gender differences, and at the same time in establishing potential unwanted sex/gender disparities. Prioritizing the role of sex/gender in physiological and pathological processes is crucial in terms of efficient prevention, clinical signs’ identification, prognosis definition, and therapy optimization. In this regard, the omics-approach has become a powerful tool to identify sex/gender-specific disease markers, with potential benefits also in terms of socio-psychological wellbeing for each individual, and cost-effectiveness for National Healthcare systems. “Being a male or being a female” is indeed important from a health point of view and it is no longer possible to avoid “sex and gender lens” when approaching patients. Accordingly, personalized healthcare must be based on evidence from targeted research studies aimed at understanding how sex and gender influence health across the entire life span. The rapid development of genetic tools in the molecular medicine approaches and their impact in healthcare is an example of highly specialized applications that have moved from specialists to primary care providers (e.g., pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications in routine medical practice). Gender medicine needs to follow the same path and become an established medical approach. To face the genetic, molecular and pharmacological bases of the existing sex/gender gap by means of omics approaches will pave the way to the discovery and identification of novel drug-targets/therapeutic protocols, personalized laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures (sex/gender-omics). In this scenario, the aim of the present review is not to simply resume the state-of-the-art in the field, rather an opportunity to gain insights into gender medicine, spanning from molecular up to social and psychological stances. The description and critical discussion of some key selected multidisciplinary topics considered as paradigmatic of sex/gender differences and sex/gender inequalities will allow to draft and design strategies useful to fill the existing gap and move forward.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lorenz M, Blaschke B, Benn A, Hammer E, Witt E, Kirwan J, Fritsche-Guenther R, Gloaguen Y, Bartsch C, Vietzke A, Kramer F, Kappert K, Brunner P, Nguyen HG, Dreger H, Stangl K, Knaus P, Stangl V. Sex-specific metabolic and functional differences in human umbilical vein endothelial cells from twin pairs. Atherosclerosis 2019; 291:99-106. [PMID: 31706078 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gonadal hormones are mainly thought to account for sex and gender differences in the incidence, clinical manifestation and therapy of many cardiovascular diseases. However, intrinsic sex differences at the cellular level are mostly overlooked. Here, we assessed sex-specific metabolic and functional differences between male and female human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS Cellular metabolism was investigated by bioenergetic studies (Seahorse Analyser) and a metabolomic approach. Protein levels were determined by Western blots and proteome analysis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated cellular migration was assessed by gap closure. HUVECs from dizygotic twin pairs were used for most experiments. RESULTS No sex differences were observed in untreated cells. However, sexual dimorphisms appeared after stressing the cells by serum starvation and treatment with VEGF. Under both conditions, female cells had higher intracellular ATP and metabolite levels. A significant decline in ATP levels was observed in male cells after serum starvation. After VEGF, the ratio of glycolysis/mitochondrial respiration was higher in female cells and migration was more pronounced. CONCLUSIONS These results point to an increased stress tolerance of female cells. We therefore propose that female cells have an energetic advantage over male cells under conditions of diminished nutrient supply. A more favourable energy balance of female HUVECs after serum starvation and VEGF could potentially explain their stronger migratory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lorenz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Blaschke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Benn
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (DFG Graduate School 1093), Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Abteilung für Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Witt
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Abteilung für Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kirwan
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoann Gloaguen
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bartsch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Vietzke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederike Kramer
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany; Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrizia Brunner
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (DFG Graduate School 1093), Germany
| | - Hoang Giang Nguyen
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henryk Dreger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Stangl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (DFG Graduate School 1093), Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matarrese P, Tieri P, Anticoli S, Ascione B, Conte M, Franceschi C, Malorni W, Salvioli S, Ruggieri A. X-chromosome-linked miR548am-5p is a key regulator of sex disparity in the susceptibility to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:673. [PMID: 31511496 PMCID: PMC6739406 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sex dimorphism in cell response to stress has previously been investigated by different research groups. This dimorphism could be at least in part accounted for by sex-biased expression of regulatory elements such as microRNAs (miRs). In order to spot previously unknown miR expression differences we took advantage of prior knowledge on specialized databases to identify X chromosome-encoded miRs potentially escaping X chromosome inactivation (XCI). MiR-548am-5p emerged as potentially XCI escaper and was experimentally verified to be significantly up-regulated in human XX primary dermal fibroblasts (DFs) compared to XY ones. Accordingly, miR-548am-5p target mRNAs, e.g. the transcript for Bax, was differently modulated in XX and XY DFs. Functional analyses indicated that XY DFs were more prone to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis than XX ones. Experimentally induced overexpression of miR548am-5p in XY cells by lentivirus vector transduction decreased apoptosis susceptibility, whereas its down-regulation in XX cells enhanced apoptosis susceptibility. These data indicate that this approach could be used to identify previously unreported sex-biased differences in miR expression and that a miR identified with this approach, miR548am-5p, can account for sex-dependent differences observed in the susceptibility to mitochondrial apoptosis of human DFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tieri
- CNR National Research Council, IAC Institute for Applied Computing, Via dei Taurini 19, Rome, Italy.,Data Science Program, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Anticoli
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ascione
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.,School of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Ruggieri
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sheu SJ, Chen JL, Bee YS, Lin SH, Shu CW. ERBB2-modulated ATG4B and autophagic cell death in human ARPE19 during oxidative stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213932. [PMID: 30870514 PMCID: PMC6417729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular disease with retinal degeneration. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration is mainly caused by long-term oxidative stress. Kinase activity could be either protective or detrimental to cells during oxidative stress; however, few reports have described the role of kinases in oxidative stress. In this study, high-throughput screening of kinome siRNA library revealed that erb-b2 receptor tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (ERBB2) knockdown reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ARPE-19 cells during oxidative stress. Silencing ERBB2 caused an elevation in microtubule associated protein light chain C3-II (MAP1LC3B-II/I) conversion and sequesterone (SQSTM)1 protein level. ERBB2 deprivation largely caused an increase in autophagy-regulating protease (ATG4B) expression, a protease that negatively recycles MAP1LC3-II at the fusion step between the autophagosome and lysosome, suggesting ERBB2 might modulate ATG4B for autophagy induction in oxidative stress-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. ERBB2 knockdown also caused an accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and enhanced its transcriptional activity. In addition, ERBB2 ablation or treatment with autophagy inhibitors reduced oxidative-induced cytotoxic effects in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, ERBB2 silencing had little or no additive effects in ATG5/7-deficient cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ERBB2 may play an important role in modulating autophagic RPE cell death during oxidative stress, and ERBB2 may be a potential target in AMD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Jiuan Sheu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Youn-Shen Bee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Han Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
High quality empirical data assessing morbidity and mortality and cancer incidence among transgender people are almost non-existent. Sex hormone treatment of conditions in older non-transgender people might as yet be taken as the best available analogy to hormone administration to aging transgender persons. Testosterone administration to transgender men carries little risk with regard to cardiovascular disease and cancer. A dose adaptation may be needed in men with a high hematocrit or cardiac insufficiency. In transgender men, even after breast ablation, breast cancer may occur in residual mammary tissue. Treatment with estrogens (specifically oral ethinylestradiol) of transgender women, particularly in combination with progestins, carries a significant relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease (almost a twofold incidence compared to the general population). The dose of estrogens may have to be reduced with aging. A change from oral to probably safer transdermal estrogens must be considered. Though rare, tumors of the breasts, prostate, meninges and pituitary have been encountered. Based upon the available expertise, initiation of cross-sex hormone treatment in elderly subjects is without disproportionate risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Gooren
- Emeritus, Department of Endocrinology, VU Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- , Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology and Center for Sexology and Gender Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 9 K12, 9000, Ghent, IE, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Celestino I, Checconi P, Amatore D, De Angelis M, Coluccio P, Dattilo R, Alunni Fegatelli D, Clemente AM, Matarrese P, Torcia MG, Mancinelli R, Mammola CL, Garaci E, Vestri AR, Malorni W, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Differential Redox State Contributes to Sex Disparities in the Response to Influenza Virus Infection in Male and Female Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1747. [PMID: 30105026 PMCID: PMC6077261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus replicates intracellularly exploiting several pathways involved in the regulation of host responses. The outcome and the severity of the infection are thus strongly conditioned by multiple host factors, including age, sex, metabolic, and redox conditions of the target cells. Hormones are also important determinants of host immune responses to influenza and are recently proposed in the prophylaxis and treatment. This study shows that female mice are less susceptible than males to mouse-adapted influenza virus (A/PR8/H1N1). Compared with males, PR8-infected females display higher survival rate (+36%), milder clinical disease, and less weight loss. They also have milder histopathological signs, especially free alveolar area is higher than that in males, even if pro-inflammatory cytokine production shows slight differences between sexes; hormone levels, moreover, do not vary significantly with infection in our model. Importantly, viral loads (both in terms of viral M1 RNA copies and tissue culture infectious dose 50%) are lower in PR8-infected females. An analysis of the mechanisms contributing to sex disparities observed during infection reveals that the female animals have higher total antioxidant power in serum and their lungs are characterized by increase in (i) the content and biosynthesis of glutathione, (ii) the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxiredoxin 1, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and (iii) the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. By contrast, infected males are characterized by high expression of NADPH oxidase 4 oxidase and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, both enzymes promoting viral replication. All these factors are critical for cell homeostasis and susceptibility to infection. Reappraisal of the importance of the host cell redox state and sex-related effects may be useful in the attempt to develop more tailored therapeutic interventions in the fight against influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Celestino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Coluccio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Dattilo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Alunni Fegatelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann Maria Clemente
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silver R. Cells have sex chromosomes and circadian clocks: Implications for organismal level functions. Physiol Behav 2018; 187:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Serpooshan V, Sheibani S, Pushparaj P, Wojcik M, Jang AY, Santoso MR, Jang JH, Huang H, Safavi-Sohi R, Haghjoo N, Nejadnik H, Aghaverdi H, Vali H, Kinsella JM, Presley J, Xu K, Yang PCM, Mahmoudi M. Effect of Cell Sex on Uptake of Nanoparticles: The Overlooked Factor at the Nanobio Interface. ACS NANO 2018. [PMID: 29536733 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) depends on the nature of the nanobio system including the solid nanocomponents ( e. g., physicochemical properties of NPs), nanobio interfaces ( e. g., protein corona composition), and the cellular characteristics ( e. g., cell type). In this study, we document the role of sex in cellular uptake of NPs as an "overlooked" factor in nanobio interface investigations. We demonstrate that cell sex leads to differences in NP uptake between male and female human amniotic stem cells (hAMSCs), with greater uptake by female cells. hAMSCs are one of the earliest sources of somatic stem cells. The experiments were replicated with primary fibroblasts isolated from the salivary gland of adult male and female donors of similar ages, and again the extent of NP uptake was altered by cell sex. However, in contrast to hAMSCs, uptake was greater in male cells. We also found out that female versus male amniotic stem cells exhibited different responses to reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by the Yamanaka factors. Thus, future studies should consider the effect of sex on the nanobio interactions to optimize clinical translation of NPs and iPSC biology and to help researchers to better design and produce safe and efficient therapeutic sex-specific NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
- Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Sara Sheibani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Facility for Electron Microscopy Research , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C3 , Canada
| | - Pooja Pushparaj
- Department of Bioengineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C3 , Canada
| | - Michal Wojcik
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Albert Y Jang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Michelle R Santoso
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Joyce H Jang
- Meakins Christie Laboratories , McGill University Health Centre and McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H4A 3J1 , Canada
| | - Haina Huang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Reihaneh Safavi-Sohi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran 1983963113 , Iran
| | - Niloofar Haghjoo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , University of Tehran , Tehran 14174 , Iran
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Stanford School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Haniyeh Aghaverdi
- Department of Anesthesiology , Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Facility for Electron Microscopy Research , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C3 , Canada
| | | | - John Presley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Facility for Electron Microscopy Research , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C3 , Canada
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Phillip Chung-Ming Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Department of Anesthesiology , Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sex Differences of Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells in the Biological Response to TNF- α Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4790563. [PMID: 29104594 PMCID: PMC5623773 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4790563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), represent promising candidates for cardiac regenerative therapy. CDCs can be expanded in vitro manyfolds without losing their differentiation potential, reaching numbers that are appropriate for clinical applications. Since mechanisms of successful CDC survival and engraftment in the damaged myocardium are still critical and unresolved issues, we aimed at deciphering possible key factors capable of bolstering CDC function. In particular, the response and the phenotype of CDCs exposed to low concentrations of the multifunctional cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), known to be capable of activating cell survival pathways, have been investigated. Furthermore, differential biological responses of CDCs from male and female donors, in terms of cell cycle progression and cell spreading, have also been assessed. The results obtained indicate that (i) the intracellular signaling activated in our experimental conditions is most likely due to the prosurvival and proliferative signaling of TNF-α receptor 2 and that (ii) cells from female patients appear more responsive to TNF-α treatment in terms of cell cycle progression and migration ability. In conclusion, the present report highlights the hypothesis that TNF-stimulated CDCs isolated from females may represent a promising candidate for cardiac regenerative therapy applications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Autophagy-related IRGM genes confer susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in a Chinese female population: a case-control study. Genes Immun 2016; 18:42-47. [PMID: 28031552 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is known that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) shared a common genetic component. The gist of current study is to assess the role of IBD-associated autophagy gene IRGM on AS susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. A total of 1270 unrelated subjects (643 AS and 627 controls) were enrolled. Two tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10065172 and rs4958846) were selected and were genotyped by iMLDR Assay technology. Genotypes and haplotype analysis were conducted by using SPSS 16.0 and haploview 4.2 software. Among two tag SNPs of IRGM, no correlation was observed between rs10065172 and AS susceptibility. For rs4958846, genotype and allelic frequencies were marginally discrepant between female cases and controls before, not after, Bonferroni correction (P=0.049; P=0.031). Logistic regression analysis revealed that carriers with CT+TT or CT genotype had a significantly decreased risk for developing AS among female subjects when compared with CC genotype (OR=0.514, 95% CI=0.301-0.876, P=0.014; OR=0.518, 95% CI=0.297-0.902, P=0.020, respectively). Additionally, a risk haplotype rs4958846C-rs10065172C (OR=2.093, 95% CI=1.301-3.368) and a protective haplotype rs4958846T-rs10065172C (OR=0.652, 95% CI=0.441-0.964) were also identified to be associated with female AS. IBD-associated IRGM gene is also associated with AS susceptibility in the Chinese female population, indicating that autophagy pathway may involve in AS genetic predisposition.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gopalakrishna A, Longo TA, Fantony JJ, Owusu R, Foo WC, Dash R, Inman BA. The diagnostic accuracy of urine-based tests for bladder cancer varies greatly by patient. BMC Urol 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 27296150 PMCID: PMC4906712 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-016-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spectrum effects refer to the phenomenon that test performance varies across subgroups of a population. When spectrum effects occur during diagnostic testing for cancer, difficult patient misdiagnoses can occur. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of test indication, age, gender, race, and smoking status on the performance characteristics of two commonly used diagnostic tests for bladder cancer, urine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Methods We assessed all subjects who underwent cystoscopy, cytology, and FISH at our institution from 2003 to 2012. The standard diagnostic test performance metrics were calculated using marginal models to account for clustered/repeated measures within subjects. We calculated test performance for the overall cohort by test indication as well as by key patient variables: age, gender, race, and smoking status. Results A total of 4023 cystoscopy-cytology pairs and 1696 FISH-cystoscopy pairs were included in the analysis. In both FISH and cytology, increasing age, male gender, and history of smoking were associated with increased sensitivity and decreased specificity. FISH performance was most impacted by age, with an increase in sensitivity from 17 % at age 40 to 49 % at age 80. The same was true of cytology, with an increase in sensitivity from 50 % at age 40 to 67 % at age 80. Sensitivity of FISH was higher for a previous diagnosis of bladder cancer (46 %) than for hematuria (26 %). Test indication had no impact on the performance of cytology and race had no significant impact on the performance of either test. Conclusions The diagnostic performance of urine cytology and FISH vary significantly according to the patient demographic in which they were tested. Hence, the reporting of spectrum effects in diagnostic tests should become part of standard practice. Patient-related factors must contextualize the clinicians’ interpretation of test results and their decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Gopalakrishna
- Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Thomas A Longo
- Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Joseph J Fantony
- Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richmond Owusu
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Foo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajesh Dash
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brant A Inman
- Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wibowo E, Pollock PA, Hollis N, Wassersug RJ. Tamoxifen in men: a review of adverse events. Andrology 2016; 4:776-88. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Wibowo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - P. A. Pollock
- Vancouver Prostate Centre; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - N. Hollis
- Solid Organ Transplant Clinic; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - R. J. Wassersug
- Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dogan C, De Antonio M, Hamroun D, Varet H, Fabbro M, Rougier F, Amarof K, Arne Bes MC, Bedat-Millet AL, Behin A, Bellance R, Bouhour F, Boutte C, Boyer F, Campana-Salort E, Chapon F, Cintas P, Desnuelle C, Deschamps R, Drouin-Garraud V, Ferrer X, Gervais-Bernard H, Ghorab K, Laforet P, Magot A, Magy L, Menard D, Minot MC, Nadaj-Pakleza A, Pellieux S, Pereon Y, Preudhomme M, Pouget J, Sacconi S, Sole G, Stojkovich T, Tiffreau V, Urtizberea A, Vial C, Zagnoli F, Caranhac G, Bourlier C, Riviere G, Geille A, Gherardi RK, Eymard B, Puymirat J, Katsahian S, Bassez G. Gender as a Modifying Factor Influencing Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Phenotype Severity and Mortality: A Nationwide Multiple Databases Cross-Sectional Observational Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148264. [PMID: 26849574 PMCID: PMC4744025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is one of the most heterogeneous hereditary disease in terms of age of onset, clinical manifestations, and severity, challenging both medical management and clinical trials. The CTG expansion size is the main factor determining the age of onset although no factor can finely predict phenotype and prognosis. Differences between males and females have not been specifically reported. Our aim is to study gender impact on DM1 phenotype and severity. Methods We first performed cross-sectional analysis of main multiorgan clinical parameters in 1409 adult DM1 patients (>18y) from the DM-Scope nationwide registry and observed different patterns in males and females. Then, we assessed gender impact on social and economic domains using the AFM-Téléthon DM1 survey (n = 970), and morbidity and mortality using the French National Health Service Database (n = 3301). Results Men more frequently had (1) severe muscular disability with marked myotonia, muscle weakness, cardiac, and respiratory involvement; (2) developmental abnormalities with facial dysmorphism and cognitive impairment inferred from low educational levels and work in specialized environments; and (3) lonely life. Alternatively, women more frequently had cataracts, dysphagia, digestive tract dysfunction, incontinence, thyroid disorder and obesity. Most differences were out of proportion to those observed in the general population. Compared to women, males were more affected in their social and economic life. In addition, they were more frequently hospitalized for cardiac problems, and had a higher mortality rate. Conclusion Gender is a previously unrecognized factor influencing DM1 clinical profile and severity of the disease, with worse socio-economic consequences of the disease and higher morbidity and mortality in males. Gender should be considered in the design of both stratified medical management and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Dogan
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France, INSERM U955, UPEC university, Créteil, France
| | - Marie De Antonio
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France, INSERM U955, UPEC university, Créteil, France
- INSERM U1138, Centre de recherche des cordeliers, Paris Descartes university, UPMC university, Paris, France
| | - Dalil Hamroun
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France, INSERM U955, UPEC university, Créteil, France
| | - Marianne Fabbro
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France, INSERM U955, UPEC university, Créteil, France
| | - Felix Rougier
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France, INSERM U955, UPEC university, Créteil, France
| | - Khadija Amarof
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Fort-de-France, Fort de France, France
| | | | | | - Anthony Behin
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Remi Bellance
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Fort-de-France, Fort de France, France
| | | | - Celia Boutte
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - François Boyer
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Cintas
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Romain Deschamps
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Fort-de-France, Fort de France, France
| | | | - Xavier Ferrer
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Karima Ghorab
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Magot
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Yann Pereon
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean Pouget
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Guilhem Sole
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovich
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Andoni Urtizberea
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Hôpital Marin, AP-HP, Hendaye, France
| | | | - Fabien Zagnoli
- Neuromuscular Competence Center, HIA Clermont-Tonnerre, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | - Alain Geille
- CoPil, DM1 patients group, AFM-Téléthon, Evry, France
| | - Romain K. Gherardi
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France, INSERM U955, UPEC university, Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Eymard
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jack Puymirat
- Human Genetic Research Unit, CHU Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandrine Katsahian
- INSERM U1138, Centre de recherche des cordeliers, Paris Descartes university, UPMC university, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Bassez
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France, INSERM U955, UPEC university, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong G, You M, Fan H, Ji J, Ding L, Li P, Hou Y. 17β-estradiol contributes to the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in blood by promoting TNF-α secretion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:620-9. [PMID: 26071573 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are strongly implicated in gender differences in immune responses by influencing the development and activation of immune cells. Recent studies have shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), derived from CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells under pathological conditions, play vital roles in modulating immune responses. However, it is still unknown the effects of estrogens on MDSCs. In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of estrogens on regulating the accumulation of MDSCs. It was found that, compared with male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), female patients with SLE showed a higher frequency of MDSCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a higher level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum. Notably, estradiol level in the serum of female patients with SLE was positively correlated with the frequency of MDSCs. Moreover, 17β-estradiol could promote TNF-α-induced accumulation of MDSCs in vivo by increasing the fundamental frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. Furthermore, 17β-estradiol promoted the secretion of TNF-α in vivo, which contributed to the increase of the frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. In addition, it was also found that female mice showed a higher frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells and a higher TNF-α level in blood than the age-matched male mice. These data indicate that 17β-estradiol contributes to the accumulation of MDSCs in blood by promoting TNF-α secretion, which increases the fundamental frequency of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. Our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of gender difference in the prevalence of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongye Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lorenz M, Koschate J, Kaufmann K, Kreye C, Mertens M, Kuebler WM, Baumann G, Gossing G, Marki A, Zakrzewicz A, Miéville C, Benn A, Horbelt D, Wratil PR, Stangl K, Stangl V. Does cellular sex matter? Dimorphic transcriptional differences between female and male endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
25
|
Sex differences in liver toxicity-do female and male human primary hepatocytes react differently to toxicants in vitro? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122786. [PMID: 25849576 PMCID: PMC4388670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing amount of evidence for sex variation in drug efficiency and toxicity profiles. Women are more susceptible than men to acute liver injury from xenobiotics. In general, this is attributed to sex differences at a physiological level as well as differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, but neither of these can give a sufficient explanation for the diverse responses to xenobiotics. Existing data are mainly based on animal models and limited data exist on in vitro sex differences relevant to humans. To date, male and female human hepatocytes have not yet been compared in terms of their responses to hepatotoxic drugs. We investigated whether sex-specific differences in acute hepatotoxicity can be observed in vitro by comparing hepatotoxic drug effects in male and female primary human hepatocytes. Significant sex-related differences were found for certain parameters and individual drugs, showing an overall higher sensitivity of female primary hepatocytes to hepatotoxicants. Moreover, our work demonstrated that high content screening is feasible with pooled primary human hepatocytes in suspension.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zawada I, Masternak MM, List EO, Stout MB, Berryman DE, Lewinski A, Kopchick JJ, Bartke A, Karbownik-Lewinska M, Gesing A. Gene expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis is sex dependent in mice with growth hormone receptor deletion in liver. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:195-204. [PMID: 25855408 PMCID: PMC4394730 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis is an essential process for cell viability. Mice with disruption of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene (Ghr gene) in the liver (LiGHRKO), in contrast to long-lived mice with global deletion of the Ghr gene (GHRKO), are characterized by lack of improved insulin sensitivity and severe hepatic steatosis. Tissue-specific disruption of the GHR in liver results in a mouse model with dramatically altered GH/IGF1 axis. We have previously shown increased levels of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin-sensitive GHRKO mice. The aim of the present study is to assess, using real-time PCR, the gene expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc1α, Ampk, Sirt1, Nrf2 and Mfn2) and a marker of mitochondrial activity (CoxIV) in brains, kidneys and livers of male and female LiGHRKO and wild-type (WT) mice. There were significant differences between males and females. In the brain, expression of Pgc1α, Ampk, Sirt1, Nrf2 and Mfn2 was lower in pooled females compared to pooled males. In the kidneys, expression of Ampk and Sirt1 was also lower in female mice. In the liver, no differences between males and females were observed. Sexual dimorphism may play an important role in regulating the biogenesis of mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Zawada
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Andrzej Lewinski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Gesing
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gobinath AR, Mahmoud R, Galea LAM. Influence of sex and stress exposure across the lifespan on endophenotypes of depression: focus on behavior, glucocorticoids, and hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2015; 8:420. [PMID: 25610363 PMCID: PMC4285110 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences exist in vulnerability, symptoms, and treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss both preclinical and clinical research that investigates how sex influences depression endophenotypes at the behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neural levels across the lifespan. Chronic exposure to stress is a risk factor for depression and we discuss how stress during the prenatal, postnatal, and adolescent periods differentially affects males and females depending on the method of stress and metric examined. Given that the integrity of the hippocampus is compromised in depression, we specifically focus on sex differences in how hippocampal plasticity is affected by stress and depression across the lifespan. In addition, we examine how female physiology predisposes depression in adulthood, specifically in postpartum and perimenopausal periods. Finally, we discuss the underrepresentation of women in both preclinical and clinical research and how this limits our understanding of sex differences in vulnerability, presentation, and treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi R Gobinath
- Program in Neuroscience, Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rand Mahmoud
- Program in Neuroscience, Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Program in Neuroscience, Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Colen RR, Wang J, Singh SK, Gutman DA, Zinn PO. Glioblastoma: imaging genomic mapping reveals sex-specific oncogenic associations of cell death. Radiology 2014; 275:215-27. [PMID: 25490189 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14141800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the molecular profiles of cell death as defined by necrosis volumes at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and uncover sex-specific molecular signatures potentially driving oncogenesis and cell death in glioblastoma (GBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was HIPAA compliant and had institutional review board approval, with waiver of the need to obtain informed consent. The molecular profiles for 99 patients (30 female patients, 69 male patients) were identified from the Cancer Genome Atlas, and quantitative MR imaging data were obtained from the Cancer Imaging Archive. Volumes of necrosis at MR imaging were extracted. Differential gene expression profiles were obtained in those patients (including male and female patients separately) with high versus low MR imaging volumes of tumor necrosis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for messenger RNA-microRNA interaction analysis. A histopathologic data set (n = 368; 144 female patients, 224 male patients) was used to validate the MR imaging findings by assessing the amount of cell death. A connectivity map was used to identify therapeutic agents potentially targeting sex-specific cell death in GBM. RESULTS Female patients showed significantly lower volumes of necrosis at MR imaging than male patients (6821 vs 11 050 mm(3), P = .03). Female patients, unlike male patients, with high volumes of necrosis at imaging had significantly shorter survival (6.5 vs 14.5 months, P = .01). Transcription factor analysis suggested that cell death in female patients with GBM is associated with MYC, while that in male patients is associated with TP53 activity. Additionally, a group of therapeutic agents that can potentially be tested to target cell death in a sex-specific manner was identified. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that cell death in GBM may be driven by sex-specific molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rivka R Colen
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1482, Houston, TX 77030 (R.R.C., J.W., S.K.S., P.O.Z.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (D.A.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (P.O.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Navarro-Yepes J, Burns M, Anandhan A, Khalimonchuk O, del Razo LM, Quintanilla-Vega B, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Oxidative stress, redox signaling, and autophagy: cell death versus survival. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:66-85. [PMID: 24483238 PMCID: PMC4048575 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecular machinery regulating autophagy has started becoming elucidated, and a number of studies have undertaken the task to determine the role of autophagy in cell fate determination within the context of human disease progression. Oxidative stress and redox signaling are also largely involved in the etiology of human diseases, where both survival and cell death signaling cascades have been reported to be modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RECENT ADVANCES To date, there is a good understanding of the signaling events regulating autophagy, as well as the signaling processes by which alterations in redox homeostasis are transduced to the activation/regulation of signaling cascades. However, very little is known about the molecular events linking them to the regulation of autophagy. This lack of information has hampered the understanding of the role of oxidative stress and autophagy in human disease progression. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we will focus on (i) the molecular mechanism by which ROS/RNS generation, redox signaling, and/or oxidative stress/damage alter autophagic flux rates; (ii) the role of autophagy as a cell death process or survival mechanism in response to oxidative stress; and (iii) alternative mechanisms by which autophagy-related signaling regulate mitochondrial function and antioxidant response. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Our research efforts should now focus on understanding the molecular basis of events by which autophagy is fine tuned by oxidation/reduction events. This knowledge will enable us to understand the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and autophagy regulate human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Sex differences in constitutive autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:652817. [PMID: 24719882 PMCID: PMC3955681 DOI: 10.1155/2014/652817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex bias has been described nowadays in biomedical research on animal models, although sexual dimorphism has been confirmed widely under pathological and physiological conditions. The main objective of our work was to study the sex differences in constitutive autophagy in spinal cord and skeletal muscle tissue from wild type mice. To examine the influence of sex on autophagy, mRNA and proteins were extracted from male and female mice tissues. The expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome 1 (p62), markers to monitor autophagy, were analyzed at 40, 60, 90, and 120 days of age. We found significant sex differences in the expression of LC3 and p62 in both tissues at these ages. The results indicated that sex and tissue specific differences exist in constitutive autophagy. These data underlined the need to include both sexes in the experimental groups to minimize any sex bias.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gesing A, Wang F, List EO, Berryman DE, Masternak MM, Lewinski A, Karbownik-Lewinska M, Kopchick JJ, Bartke A. Expression of apoptosis-related genes in liver-specific growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice is sex dependent. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:44-52. [PMID: 24550353 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process that affects life span and health. Mice with liver-specific disruption of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene (ie, Ghr gene) liver-specific growth hormone receptor knockout [LiGHRKO] mice), as opposed to mice with global deletion of the Ghr gene (GHRKO; Ghr-/-), are characterized by severe hepatic steatosis and lack of improved insulin sensitivity. We have previously shown that levels of proapoptotic factors are decreased in long-lived and insulin-sensitive GHRKO mice. In the current study, expression of specific apoptosis-related genes was assessed in brains, kidneys, and livers of male and female LiGHRKO and wild-type mice using real-time PCR. In the brain, expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Smac/DIABLO, and p53 was decreased in females compared with males. Renal expression of Caspase 3 and Noxa also decreased in female mice. In the liver, no differences were seen between males and females. Also, no significant genotype effects were detected in the examined organs. Lack of significant genotype effect in kidneys contrasts with previous observations in GHRKO mice. Apparently, global GHR deletion induces beneficial changes in apoptotic factors, whereas liver-specific GHR disruption does not. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism may play an important role in regulating apoptosis during liver-specific suppression of the somatotrophic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gesing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield. Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Feiya Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Specialty Medicine
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Michal M Masternak
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewinski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gender differences of B cell signature in healthy subjects underlie disparities in incidence and course of SLE related to estrogen. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:814598. [PMID: 24741625 PMCID: PMC3987971 DOI: 10.1155/2014/814598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate mechanism of the gender differences of B cells. The results showed that 358 differential gene expressions (DEGs) were displayed between healthy females and males. Compared with male, 226 and 132 genes were found to be up- and downregulated in the female. 116 genes displayed possible correlation with estrogen. Moreover, the upregulated DEGs (Cav1, CD200R1, TNFRSF17, and CXCR3) and downregulated DEGs (EIF1AY and DDX3Y) in healthy female may be involved in gender predominance of some immune diseases. Furthermore, signaling pathway analysis for estrogen-relevant DEGs showed that only 26 genes were downregulated in SLE female versus SLE male, of which expressions of 8 genes had significant difference between SLE females and SLE males but are having nonsignificant difference between healthy females and healthy males. Except for the 5 Y-chromosome-related genes or varients, only 3 DEGs (LTF, CAMP, and DEFA4) were selected and qRT-PCR confirmed that the expressions of LTF and CAMP decreased significantly in B cells from female SLE patients. These data indicated that the gender differences were existent in global gene expression of B cells and the difference may be related to estrogen.
Collapse
|
34
|
Giampietri C, Petrungaro S, Filippini A, Ziparo E. Sex-related differences in death control of somatic cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:550-1. [PMID: 23517054 PMCID: PMC3822655 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology,Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics-Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
- *Correspondence to: Claudia GIAMPIETRI, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics-Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel.: +39 6 49766948 Fax: +39 6 4462854 E-mail:
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology,Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics-Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology,Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics-Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology,Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics-Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|