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Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, Casuccio A, Di Bona D, Aiello A, Accardi G, Arnao V, Clemente G, Corte VD, Maida C, Simonetta I, Caruso C, Squatrito R, Pinto A. HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIRs) genotyping in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:88. [PMID: 30995924 PMCID: PMC6471781 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In humans, a major component of natural killer (NK) and T cell target recognition depends on the surveillance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules by killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). AIMS To implement the knowledge about the immunological genetic background of acute ischemic stroke susceptibility in relation to the frequency of the KIR genes and HLA alleles. METHODS Subjects with acute ischemic stroke and subjects without stroke were genotyped for the presence of KIR genes and of the three major KIR ligand groups, HLA-C1, HLA-C2, and HLA-Bw4, both HLA-B and HLA-A loci. RESULTS Between November 2013 and February 2016, consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited. As healthy controls, we enrolled subjects without acute ischemic stroke. Subjects with acute ischemic stroke in comparison with controls showed a higher frequency of 2DL3, 2DL5B, 2DS2, and 2DS4 KIR genes and a lower frequency of HLA-B-Bw4I alleles. Subjects without acute ischemic stroke showed a higher frequency of interaction between KIR 2DS2 and HLAC2. We also observed a higher frequency of 2DL3 and 2 DL4 KIR genes in subjects with atherosclerotic (LAAS) subtype. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a protective effect towards stroke of HLA-B-Bw4I and interaction between KIR 2DL2 and HLAC1 and 2DS2-HLAC2 and a detrimental effect of 2DL2-HLA-C1_A interactions. CONCLUSION Our findings of a higher frequency of activating KIR genes seem to be consistent with findings previously reported patients with coronary syndrome. This higher frequency of "proinflammatory" genes in subjects with ischemic stroke could also explain the immunoinflammatory activation of the acute phase of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pecoraro
- Pronto Soccorso Unit, Giuseppe Giglio Hospital, Cefalù, Italy
- PhD Programme in Clinical Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, PA 90133 Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- School and Chair of Allergology, Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti d’Organo, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Arnao
- Dipartimento di BioMedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Clemente
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoriano Della Corte
- PhD Programme in Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, PA 90133 Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Simonetta
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Thimme R, Appay V, Koschella M, Panther E, Roth E, Hislop AD, Rickinson AB, Rowland-Jones SL, Blum HE, Pircher H. Increased expression of the NK cell receptor KLRG1 by virus-specific CD8 T cells during persistent antigen stimulation. J Virol 2005; 79:12112-6. [PMID: 16140789 PMCID: PMC1212638 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.18.12112-12116.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) is a natural killer cell receptor expressed by T cells that exhibit impaired proliferative capacity. Here, we determined the KLRG1 expression by virus-specific T cells. We found that repetitive and persistent antigen stimulation leads to an increase in KLRG1 expression of virus-specific CD8+ T cells in mice and that virus-specific CD8+ T cells are mostly KLRG1+ in chronic human viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus) but not in resolved infection (influenza virus). Thus, by using KLRG1 as a T-cell marker, our results suggest that the differentiation status and function of virus-specific CD8+ T cells are directly influenced by persistent antigen stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Thimme
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Epling-Burnette PK, Painter JS, Chaurasia P, Bai F, Wei S, Djeu JY, Loughran TP. Dysregulated NK receptor expression in patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes. Blood 2004; 103:3431-9. [PMID: 14726391 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe natural killer (NK) type of lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) is associated with the expansion of CD3-, CD16+, and/or CD56+ lymphocytes. We have examined the repertoire of NK receptors expressed on these cells and delineated the functional activity. We found skewed NK receptor expression on patient NK cells. Reactivity to a single anti-killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (anti-KIR) antibody was noted in 7 of 13 patients. LDGL patients variably expressed NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 RNA. In contrast, CD94 and its inhibitory heterodimerization partner NKG2A were homogenously expressed at high levels on these NK cells. Interestingly, these patients expressed a large number of activating KIR receptors by genotype analysis. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that lower than normal levels of RNA of the inhibitory KIR was present in some patients in contrast to normal NK cells. Consistent with a high level of activating receptors, we found the NK-LDGL cells have potent cytolytic function in both direct and redirected cytotoxicity assays. These results demonstrate that patients with NK-LDGL have an increased activating-to-inhibitory KIR ratio. This altered ratio might induce inappropriate lysis or cytokine production and impact the disease pathogenesis. (Blood. 2004;103:3431-3439)
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearlie Kay Epling-Burnette
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, and James A. Haley Veterans' Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Vance RE, Jamieson AM, Raulet DH. Recognition of the class Ib molecule Qa-1(b) by putative activating receptors CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E on mouse natural killer cells. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1801-12. [PMID: 10601355 PMCID: PMC2195720 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.12.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/1999] [Accepted: 10/20/1999] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric CD94/NKG2A receptor, expressed by mouse natural killer (NK) cells, transduces inhibitory signals upon recognition of its ligand, Qa-1(b), a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule. Here we clone and express two additional receptors, CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E, which we show also bind to Qa-1(b). Within their extracellular carbohydrate recognition domains, NKG2C and NKG2E share extensive homology with NKG2A (93-95% amino acid similarity); however, NKG2C/E receptors differ from NKG2A in their cytoplasmic domains (only 33% similarity) and contain features that suggest that CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E may be activating receptors. We employ a novel blocking anti-NKG2 monoclonal antibody to provide the first direct evidence that CD94/NKG2 molecules are the only Qa-1(b) receptors on NK cells. Molecular analysis reveals that NKG2C and NKG2E messages are extensively alternatively spliced and approximately 20-fold less abundant than NKG2A message in NK cells. The organization of the mouse Cd94/Nkg2 gene cluster, presented here, shows striking similarity with that of the human, arguing that the entire CD94/NKG2 receptor system is relatively primitive in origin. Analysis of synonymous substitution frequencies suggests that within a species, NKG2 genes may maintain similarities with each other by concerted evolution, possibly involving gene conversion-like events. These findings have implications for understanding NK cells and also raise new possibilities for the role of Qa-1 in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell E. Vance
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Amanda M. Jamieson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David H. Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Blaser C, Kaufmann M, Pircher H. Cutting Edge: Virus-Activated CD8 T Cells and Lymphokine-Activated NK Cells Express the Mast Cell Function-Associated Antigen, An Inhibitory C-Type Lectin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mast cell function-associated Ag (MAFA) is an inhibitory C-type lectin that was originally identified on the cell surface of a rat mucosal mast cell line, RBL-2H3. We have cloned the mouse homologue of the rat MAFA gene, and Northern blot analysis revealed that mouse MAFA (mMAFA) gene expression was strongly induced in effector CD8 T cells and lymphokine-activated NK cells but not in effector CD4 T cells and in mouse mast cells. Moreover, mMAFA gene expression was only found in effector CD8 T cells that had been primed in vivo with live virus because in vitro activated CD8 T cells did not express mMAFA. Primary sequence comparison revealed a high degree of conservation (89% similarity) between rat MAFA and mMAFA. Thus, the MAFA molecule in the mouse is a putative inhibitory receptor on anti-viral CD8 T cells induced in vivo and on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Blaser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kaufmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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