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Aksoz BE, Aksoz E. Vital Role of Monoamine Oxidases and Cholinesterases in Central Nervous System Drug Research: A Sharp Dissection of the Pathophysiology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 23:877-886. [PMID: 32077819 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200220115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are very critical enzymes that regulate the level of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and monoamines. Monoamine neurotransmitters and acetylcholine play a very important role in many physiological events. An increase or decrease in the amount of these neurotransmitters is observed in a wide range of central nervous system pathologies. Balancing the amount of these neurotransmitters is important in improving the progression of these diseases. Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are important in symptomatic therapy and delaying progression of a group of central nervous system disease manifested with memory loss, cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances like depression. OBJECTIVE In this article, the relationship between central nervous system diseases and the vital role of the enzymes, monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase, is discussed on the pathophysiologic basis, focusing on drug research. CONCLUSION Monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are still a good target for the development of novel drug active substances with optimized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which can maximize the benefits of current therapy modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum E Aksoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Erkan Aksoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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2
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Hussain ASM, Renno WM, Sadek HL, Kayali NM, Al-Salem A, Rao MS, Khan KM. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor protects degenerating spinal neurons, enhances nerve regeneration and functional recovery in sciatic nerve crush injury model. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:231-243. [PMID: 29054367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of amines. MAOB is proposed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotoxins. The present study was designed to outline the effects of the MAOB inhibitor (MAOB-I) on neuroprotection of spinal neurons, regeneration of sciatic nerve fibers, and recovery of sensory-motor functions in the sciatic nerve crush injury model. Male Wistar rats (4-months-old) were assigned to i) Naïve (N), ii) Sham (S), iii) Sciatic nerve crush and treated with saline (CRUSH + SALINE) and iv) Sciatic nerve crush and treated with MAOB inhibitor (CRUSH + MAOB-I) groups (n = 10/group). In groups iii and iv, the crush injury was produced by crushing the sciatic nerve followed by treatment with saline or MAOB-I (Selegiline® 2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 10 days. Behavioral tests were conducted from week 1 to week 6. At the end of the study, sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord were examined by immunohistochemistry, light and electron microscopy. MAOB-I treatment showed significant improvement in sensory and motor functions compared to saline treatment (p < 0.05-0.001) in injured nerves. The morphological study showed a significantly increased number of nerve fibers in sciatic nerve distal to the site of injury (p < 0.05), with better myelination pattern in CRUSH + MAOB-I treated group compared to CRUSH + SALINE group. Spinal cord ventral horns showed a significant increase in the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in the MAOB-I treated group compared to Saline treated group (p < 0.01). MAOB-I has a significant potential for protecting the degenerating spinal cord neurons and enhancing the regeneration of injured sciatic nerve fibers following crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleed M Renno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Hanaa L Sadek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Noura M Kayali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Aseel Al-Salem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Khalid M Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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3
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Amyloid β peptides modify the expression of antioxidant repair enzymes and a potassium channel in the septohippocampal system. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2071-6. [PMID: 23473707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by extracellular accumulations of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins, and early loss of basal forebrain neurons. Recent studies have indicated that the conformation of Aβ is crucial for neuronal toxicity, with intermediate misfolded forms such as oligomers being more toxic than the final fibrillar forms. Our previous work shows that Aβ blocks the potassium (K(+)) currents IM and IA in septal neurons, increasing firing rates, diminishing rhythmicity and firing coherence. Evidence also suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays a role in AD pathogenesis. Thus we wished to determine the effect of oligomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ₁₋₄₂ on septohippocampal damage, oxidative damage, and dysfunction in AD. Oligomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ₁₋₄₂ were injected into the CA1 region of the hippocampus in live rats. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours and 1 month after Aβ or sham injection to additionally evaluate the temporal effects. The expression levels of the K(+) voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 2 (KCNQ₂) and the OS-related genes superoxide dismutase 1, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, and monamine oxidase A, were analyzed in the hippocampus, medial, and lateral septum. Our results show that both forms of Aβ exhibit time-dependent differential modulation of OS and K(+) channel genes in the analyzed regions. Importantly, we demonstrate that Aβ injected into the hippocampus triggered changes in gene expression in anatomical regions distant from the injection site. Thus the Aβ effect was transmitted to anatomically separate sites, because of the functional coupling of the brain structures.
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4
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Foley P, Gerlach M, Youdim MB, Riederer P. MAO-B inhibitors: multiple roles in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 6:25-47. [PMID: 18591148 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(99)00043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1998] [Revised: 06/29/1999] [Accepted: 06/29/1999] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases play a central role in catecholamine catabolism in the central nervous system. The biochemical and pharmacological properties of inhibitors of the monoamine oxidase type B are reviewed. The evidence for biochemical activities distinct from their ability to inhibit MAO-B is discussed, including possible antioxidative and antiapoptotic activities of these agents. The significance of these properties for the pharmacological management of Parkinson's disease and the evidence for a neuroprotective effect of one such agent (selegiline) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Foley
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Hanish Singh JC, Alagarsamy V, Sathesh Kumar S, Narsimha Reddy Y. Neurotransmitter Metabolic Enzymes and Antioxidant Status on Alzheimer's Disease Induced Mice Treated with Alpinia galanga
(L.) Willd. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1061-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Hanish Singh
- Department of Pharmacology; MNR College of Pharmacy; Sangareddy 502 294 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - V. Alagarsamy
- Department of Pharmacology; MNR College of Pharmacy; Sangareddy 502 294 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - S. Sathesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vels University; Pallavaram Chennai 600 117 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Y. Narsimha Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology; University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kakatiya University; Warangal 506 009 Andhra Pradesh India
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6
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Richards G, Messer J, Waldvogel HJ, Gibbons HM, Dragunow M, Faull RL, Saura J. Up-regulation of the isoenzymes MAO-A and MAO-B in the human basal ganglia and pons in Huntington's disease revealed by quantitative enzyme radioautography. Brain Res 2011; 1370:204-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Lotrich FE, Pollock BG. Candidate genes for antidepressant response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2005; 1:17-35. [PMID: 18568127 PMCID: PMC2426818 DOI: 10.2147/nedt.1.1.17.52301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can safely and successfully treat major depression, although a substantial number of patients benefit only partially or not at all from treatment. Genetic polymorphisms may play a major role in determining the response to SSRI treatment. Nonetheless, it is likely that efficacy is determined by multiple genes, with individual genetic polymorphisms having a limited effect size. Initial studies have identified the promoter polymorphism in the gene coding for the serotonin reuptake transporter as moderating efficacy for several SSRIs. The goal of this review is to suggest additional plausible polymorphisms that may be involved in antidepressant efficacy. These include genes affecting intracellular transductional cascades; neuronal growth factors; stress-related hormones, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoid receptors; ion channels and synaptic efficacy; and adaptations of monoaminergic pathways. Association analyses to examine these candidate genes may facilitate identification of patients for targeted alternative therapies. Determining which genes are involved may also assist in identifying future, novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis E Lotrich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Kumar MJ, Andersen JK. Perspectives on MAO-B in aging and neurological disease: where do we go from here? Mol Neurobiol 2004; 30:77-89. [PMID: 15247489 DOI: 10.1385/mn:30:1:077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The catecholamine-oxidizing enzyme monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) has been hypothesized to be an important determining factor in the etiology of both normal aging and age-related neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Catalysis of substrate by the enzyme produces H2O2 which is a primary originator of oxidative stress which in turn can lead to cellular damage. MAO-B increases with age as does predisposition towards PD which has also been linked to increased oxidative stress. Inhibition of MAO-B, along with supplementation of lost dopamine via L-DOPA, is one of the major antiparkinsonian therapies currently in use. In this review, we address several factors contributing to a possible role for MAO-B in normal brain aging and neurological disease and also discuss the use of MAO-B inhibitors as drug therapy for these conditions.
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9
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Gasparro DM, Almeida DR, Pisterzi LF, Juhasz JR, Viskolcz B, Penke B, Csizmadia IG. Reaction profiling of the MAO-B catalyzed oxidative deamination of amines in Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Current cigarette smokers have reduced monoamine oxidase (MAO) and there is evidence that this is a pharmacological effect of tobacco smoke exposure rather than a biological characteristic of smokers. This article summarizes human and animal studies documenting the inhibitory effects of tobacco smoke on MAO and discusses MAO inhibition in the context of smoking epidemiology, MAO inhibitor compounds in tobacco, reinvestigations of low platelet MAO in psychiatric disorders and smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Fowler
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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11
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Finberg JPM, Youdim MBH. Pharmacological properties of the anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline; modification of endogenous brain amines, reserpine reversal, serotonergic and dopaminergic behaviours. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43:1110-8. [PMID: 12504917 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rasagiline [N-propargyl-1R(+)-aminoindan; TVP1012] is a potent irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with selectivity for type B of the enzyme, which is being developed for treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study we examined effects of rasagiline on CNS monoamine levels, modification of behavioural response to L-tryptophan, fluoxetine and L-DOPA, and reversal of reserpine syndrome. Reserpine-induced ptosis was reversed by rasagiline at doses above 2 mg x kg(-1) i.p., which inhibit MAO-A as well as MAO-B, but not at MAO-B-selective doses. However, combination of rasagiline (10 mg x kg(-1) i.p.) with L-DOPA or L-tryptophan (50 mg x kg(-1) i.p.), or rasagiline (10 mg x kg(-1) p.o.) with fluoxetine (10 mg x kg(-1) p.o.), did not induce the behavioural hyperactivity syndrome which is seen following inhibition of both MAO-A and MAO-B by tranylcypromine together with the monoamine precursors. Following oral administration, levels of noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) were unaffected in hippocampus and striatum after single doses of rasagiline up to 2 mg x kg(-1). Following chronic oral administration (21 days, one dose daily), levels of NA, 5-HT and DA in hippocampus and striatum were unaffected by rasagiline at doses up to 1 mg x kg(-1). Rasagiline does not modify CNS monoamine tissue levels or monoamine-induced behavioural syndromes at doses which selectively inhibit MAO-B but not MAO-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M Finberg
- Pharmacology Department, Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion, POB 9649, Haifa, Israel.
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12
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Emilsson L, Saetre P, Balciuniene J, Castensson A, Cairns N, Jazin EE. Increased monoamine oxidase messenger RNA expression levels in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2002; 326:56-60. [PMID: 12052537 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the industrialised world. The two monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), are important in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters. AD and ageing have been shown to increase enzyme activity for both MAOA and MAOB. An increase (rather than decrease) of enzyme activity is a rare event in a disease that results in a decrease in the number of cells in the brain. The mechanism, transcriptional or post-transcriptional, responsible for the increase in protein activity, is not known. In this study, we investigate for the first time the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of both MAOA and MAOB in 246 cortical brain samples obtained at autopsy from 62 AD patients and 61 normal controls. We found a significant increase in mRNA levels for both MAOA (P=0.001) and MAOB (P=0.002) in disease brain tissue. This indicates that both MAO enzymes might be important in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Emilsson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Section of Medical Genetics, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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MacInnes N, Handley SL. Region-dependent effects of acute and chronic tranylcypromine in vivo on [3H]2-BFI binding to brain imidazoline I(2) sites. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 428:221-5. [PMID: 11675039 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An imidazoline I(2) site has been localised to monoamine oxidase. However, in vitro studies of the effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on imidazoline I(2)-site radioligand binding have produced conflicting findings. Using the technique of autoradiography, we examined the effect of in vivo administration of the irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine on binding of the imidazoline I(2) site-specific ligand [3H]2-(-2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline ([3H]2-BFI) in four rat brain nuclei which are known to possess a high density of imidazoline I(2) sites, together with cerebral cortex and cerebellum which show weaker binding. A single acute pre-treatment with tranylcypromine significantly increased imidazoline I(2) site-specific binding in four regions: arcuate nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, pineal gland and area postrema, but effects in cortical areas and cerebellum were not significant. The extent of the increase was proportional to the control binding in each region. In contrast, five daily treatments with the same dose of tranylcypromine significantly reduced [3H]2-BFI binding in these same areas. The potential role of monoamine oxidase isoforms in these changes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N MacInnes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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14
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Weingarten P, Zhou QY. Protection of intracellular dopamine cytotoxicity by dopamine disposition and metabolism factors. J Neurochem 2001; 77:776-85. [PMID: 11331406 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine has been hypothesized as a contributing factor for the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms of dopamine and its metabolites remain poorly understood. Using a stable aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) expressing a fibroblast cell line, we previously demonstrated a novel, non-oxidative cytotoxicity of intracellular dopamine. In this study, we further investigate the roles of dopamine metabolism and disposition proteins against intracellular dopamine cytotoxicity by co-expressing these factors in AADC-expressing cells. Our results indicate that overexpression of the vesicular monoamine transporter and monoamine oxidase A-induced protection against intracellular dopamine toxicity, and conversely that pharmacological inhibition of these pathways potentiated L-DOPA toxicity in catecholaminergic PC12 cells. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and glutathione S-transferase (GST), factors that have recently been shown to be involved in dopamine metabolism, also exhibited a strong protective role against intracellular dopamine cytotoxicity. Our results support a potential role for non-oxidative cytoplasmic dopamine toxicity, and imply that disruption in dopamine disposition and/or metabolism could underlie the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Weingarten
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
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15
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Klein BG, Kirby ML, Freeborn ER, Bloomquist JR. Pharmacological properties of the MPTP analog trans-1-methyl-4-[4-dimethylaminophenylethenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and its pyridinium metabolite in mouse brain synaptosomes: a potential visual marker for substrates of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2001; 25:591-608. [PMID: 11370999 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(00)00177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
1. The tetrahydropyridine trans-1-methyl-4-[4-dimethylaminophenylethenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (t-THP), like MPTP, can undergo monoamine oxidase (MAO)-mediated conversion to a dihydropyridinium intermediate and subsequent metabolism to a pyridinium species. t-THP is also a better substrate for MAO B than MAO A. In contrast to the metabolism of MPTP, the pyridinium ion derived from t-THP is highly fluorescent. This endows t-THP with potential as an in vivo visual probe for localizing the substrates of MPTP-like neurotoxicity. As a prelude to in vivo labeling studies, we examined the metabolism and uptake kinetics of t-THP and its metabolites in mouse striatal and cortical synaptosomes. 2. T-THP was found to induce a concentration-dependent and saturable fluorescence within striatal and cortical synaptosomes that was also MAO-dependent. Like MPP+, the fluorescent pyridinium ion t-P+, derived from t-THP, inhibited the uptake and facilitated the release of monoamines from synaptosomes in a concentration-dependent fashion. The ion did not rely on sodium-dependent membrane transporters for its concentration-dependent uptake into synaptosomes, although it may have an irreversible affinity for the dopamine transporter. 3. These data suggest that t-THP could be appropriate for use as a visual marker for microenvironments where MPTP-like compounds are taken up and converted to potentially neurotoxic pyridinium species. Such a marker could be employed to address some of the issues regarding the selectivity of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/analogs & derivatives
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/chemistry
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacokinetics
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Neurotoxins/metabolism
- Neurotoxins/pharmacology
- Pargyline/pharmacokinetics
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Synaptosomes/metabolism
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Klein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061-0442, USA.
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16
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Panova NG, Axenova LN, Medvedev AE. The stimulating effects of ethanol consumption on synthesis of rat brain monoamine oxidases and their sensitivity to the irreversible inhibitor, pargyline. Neurosci Lett 2000; 292:66-8. [PMID: 10996452 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Administration of a large dose of pargyline (60mg/kg) caused total irreversible inhibition of brain monoamine oxidases (MAOs) in both control and alcoholised rats. During the first 50h the recovery of brain MAO-A (but not MAO-B) activity occurred faster in the alcoholised rats. A low dose of pargyline (10mg/kg) produced significantly higher inhibition of MAO-A in the alcoholised rats, whereas the degree of MAO-B inhibition was the same in both groups. Brain MAOs of control and alcoholised rats exhibited similar sensitivity to pargyline in vitro. Since chronic ethanol feeding reduced the content of reversible endogenous MAO inhibitor, tribulin, higher pargyline-induced inhibition of MAO-A in alcoholised rats may stem from a tribulin deficit. The data obtained suggest that chronic ethanol consumption increases turnover of MAO-A molecules in the brain and reduces the content of endogenous MAO(A) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Panova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10 Pogodinskaya street, 119832, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Lee HG, Park SJ, Choi EK, Carp RI, Kim YS. Increased expression of prion protein is associated with changes in dopamine metabolism and MAO activity in PC12 cells. J Mol Neurosci 1999; 13:121-6. [PMID: 10691299 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:13:1-2:121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases of humans and animals occur following infection with infectious agents containing PrP(Sc) or in situations in which there is a mutation of the prion protein (PrP) gene. The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is a sialoglycoprotein that is expressed predominantly in neurons. PrP(C) is converted into a pathogenic form of PrP (PrP(Sc)), which is distinguishable from PrP(C) by its relative resistance to protease digestion. A number of postulates have been advanced for the function of normal PrP (PrP(C)), but this issue has not been resolved. To investigate the function(s) of PrP(C), we established clonal PC12 cell lines, which have elevated PrP(C) expression. The results show that there were alterations in dopamine metabolism and in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in transfected PC12 cells that overexpress PrP(C). There was an increase in concentration of DOPAC, a metabolite of dopamine, and in MAO activity in cells overexpressing PrP(C). MAO is involved in oxidative degradation of dopamine (DA). Our data suggest that PrP(C) plays a role in DA metabolism by regulating MAO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Lee
- Institute of Environment & Life Science, Hallym Academy of Sciences, Chuncheon, Korea
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18
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Finberg JP, Wang J, Bankiewicz K, Harvey-White J, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS. Increased striatal dopamine production from L-DOPA following selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase B by R(+)-N-propargyl-1-aminoindan (rasagiline) in the monkey. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 1998; 52:279-85. [PMID: 9564628 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6499-0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Striatal extracellular fluid concentrations of dopamine and metabolites in response to direct striatal administration of two L-DOPA boluses administered sequentially were determined in three rhesus monkeys during halothane anesthesia. Whereas in an initial microdialysis run, generation of dopamine was less following the second L-DOPA bolus than the first, in a subsequent run, in which the selective MAO-B inhibitor R(+)-N-propargyl-1-aminoindan (rasagiline) was administered systemically (0.2 mg/kg s.c.) between the two L-DOPA boluses, generation of dopamine was greater following the second bolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Finberg
- Clinical Neurosciences Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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