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Kuklya A, Poelke B, Michna K, Lehmann S, Kappenstein O, Sarvan I, Luch A, Roloff A, Bruhn T. A multi-technique approach for the quantification of 60 plasticizers and selected additives using GC- and LC-MS/MS and its application for beverages in the BfR MEAL study. Food Chem 2024; 446:138874. [PMID: 38460277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The development of multi-analyte methods is always challenging, especially when the target compounds derive from many different substance classes. We present an approach to analyze up to 60 additives - mainly plasticizer - including 28 phthalates and 32 further compounds such as sebacates, adipates, citrates, fatty acid amides, among others. Our multi-analyte multi-technique approach combines a single sample preparation step with one GC-MS/MS and two LC-MS/MS quantification methods. We demonstrate the applicability for beverages by a full validation in tomato juice matrix and determining the recoveries in apple juice, mulled wine, and spirits. The approach features good reproducibilities and high precisions with limits of quantification in the low µg·kg-1 food range, enabling the method to be applied for enforcement and especially for exposure investigations. In course of the BfR MEAL study, 16 pooled beverage samples were examined and - if at all - analytes were found only in very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Kuklya
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte Poelke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaudia Michna
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Lehmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irmela Sarvan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Exposure, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bruhn
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Jeong DS, Lee JY, Han HJ, Ko SM, Lee DH, Lee Y, Son WC. Two-Year Carcinogenicity Study of a Novel Plasticizer, bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Cyclohexane-1,4-Dicarboxylate (Eco-DEHCH), by Oral Diet in Han Wistar Rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 151:105664. [PMID: 38897446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Plasticizers are necessary for the usability of various products, including food contact materials. Exposure to plasticizers is most commonly made through the oral route. Several plasticizers have been reported to have adverse effects on humans and the environment. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity of a novel plasticizer called bis(2-ethylhexyl) cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate (Eco-DEHCH), which is an ecofriendly and biologically less harmful replacer. Groups of 50 male and 50 female Han Wistar rats were fed Eco-DEHCH at daily doses of 1,600, 5,000, or 16,000 ppm in their diet for at least 104 weeks. The rats were regularly monitored for mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, food efficiency, and perceivable mass. All animals were subjected to complete necropsy and histopathological examination. The results indicate that the rats well tolerated chronic exposure to Eco-DEHCH at highest daily doses of 16,000 ppm, with was equivalent to 805.1 mg/kg/day in males and 1,060.6 mg/kg/day in females and did not show signs of toxicity or carcinogenicity. In conclusion, Eco-DEHCH could be a safe and promising alternative plasticizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soo Min Ko
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Mu B, Sadowski P, Te'o J, Patel B, Pathiraja N, Dudley K. Identification and characterisation of moderately thermostable diisobutyl phthalate degrading esterase from a Great Artesian Basin Bacillus velezensis NP05. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 42:e00840. [PMID: 38645886 PMCID: PMC11033087 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals and are documented to pollute environments. Enzymatic degradation of PAEs is a potential bioremedial strategy to manage contamination. Thermostable bioremedial enzymes have advantages in enzyme manufacturing and storage. In this study, we identified, overexpressed, and characterised a moderately thermostable para-nitrobenzyl esterase from whole genome sequencing of a Bacillus velezensis NP05 from the Great Artesian Basin, capable of sequential 2-step hydrolysis of diisobutyl phthalate. The pnbA enzyme has a molecular weight of 55.14 kDa and pI of 5.31. It preferentially degrades para-nitrophenyl butanoate and has an optimal pH of 7-8. The pnbA esterase has an optimal temperature of 55 °C with a half-life of 4 h. Using HPLC we found that pnbA (0.122 U) can hydrolyse 0.83 mM of DIBP within 25 min. Lastly, pnbA is potentially a more economically viable candidate for enzymatic bioremediation of diisobutyl phthalate as a free enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Mu
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Junior Te'o
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Bharat Patel
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nayana Pathiraja
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kevin Dudley
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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4
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Melough MM, Maffini MV, Otten JJ, Sathyanarayana S. Diet quality and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals among US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113049. [PMID: 35240113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase risk for chronic disease. Diet is a significant source of EDC exposure, yet healthy diets recommended for chronic disease prevention have not been thoroughly examined for associations with EDC exposure. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, we examined associations of dietary patterns with exposure to non-persistent EDCs potentially consumed through diet. EDCs were measured in spot urine samples. Diet was assessed using 24-h recalls. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations of three healthy diet scores [Healthy Eating Index (HEI), relative Mediterranean Diet (rMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] and fast-food consumption with EDCs. In fully adjusted models, no diet was associated with exposure to the bisphenols, phthalates, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons examined. A 1-point increase in rMED (of 18 possible points) was associated with 2.7% (95% CI: 1.7%, 3.8%) greater urinary nitrate. A 10-point increase in HEI (of 100 possible points) was associated with 5.3% (95% CI: 2.8%, 7.9%) greater nitrate and 6.8% (95% CI: 4.5%, 9.2%) greater perchlorate. Because perchlorate and nitrate can disrupt thyroid hormone production, we conducted an exploratory analysis to examine whether these chemicals mediate an association between diet and thyroid hormones. A 10-point increase in HEI was associated with 0.6% reduced serum total thyroxine (95% CI: 1.7%, 0.5%) among all adults, with 57.5% of the effect explained by perchlorate. Nitrate mediated an association of rMED with modestly reduced total triiodothyronine among females. Most EDCs examined had no association with the diets evaluated, indicating that recommended healthy diets were not protective against EDC exposures. As observed with two thyroid antagonists, some recommended diets may increase EDC exposures and related adverse health outcomes. Additional work should identify effective food production and processing practices to reduce dietary exposures to potentially harmful EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Melough
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer J Otten
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA; Center for Public Health Nutrition, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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5
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Cao Y, Lin H, Zhang K, Xu S, Yan M, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Microplastics: A major source of phthalate esters in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128731. [PMID: 35334264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are predominant additives in plastics, their widespread contamination in aquatic environments has raised global concern. Here, twelve plastic products were prepared as microplastics to investigate their release behaviors of PAEs. Six out of 15 PAEs were quantified after 14 days of incubation in water. The leaching potentials were plastic type-specific, where the pencil case (polyvinyl chloride, PVC) represented the highest migrations with total ∑15 PAEs concentration of 6660 ± 513 ng/g, followed by the cleaning brush-1 (polyamide, PA, ~1830 ng/g) and rubber glove (1390 ± 57.5 ng/g). Conversely, the straw (polypropylene, PP), cleaning brush-2 (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) and shampoo bottle (PET) released the lowest amounts of PAEs, with 50.3 ± 8.21, 93.9 ± 91.8 and 104.35 ng/g, respectively. The release patterns of PAE congeners were polymer type-related, where di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) dominated the leaching from PA, PP and PET microplastics (47-84%), diethyl phthalate leached the most from PVC and rubber microplastics (45-92%), while diisobutyl phthalate and DBP dominated the leaching from PE microplastics (68-94%). Water chemical properties could affect PAEs migration and the kinetic leaching process was well fitted with the pseudo-first-order model. Approximately 57.8-16,100 kg/year of PAEs were estimated to be released into oceans from microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, The City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Huiju Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, The City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, The City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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6
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Karabulut G, Barlas N. The possible effects of mono butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on INS-1 pancreatic beta cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:601-612. [PMID: 34141174 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-2-ethyhexyl phthalate (MEHP), an environmental xenoestrogen, is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride materials and can be easily accumulated in human body. MBP is the active monoester metabolite of di butyl phthalate that is widely used as plasticizer in many products such as plastic toys, food packaging, personal care products, as well as an additive in lubricants, eliminating foams, and lotions. The presented in-vitro cytotoxicity study focused on time-dependent and combinatory exposure scenarios. We chose these phthalates because they are posed a considerable interest because of their contribution to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and obesity. All experiments performed in INS-1 pancreatic beta cells show moderate cytotoxicity with a time-dependent increase in effectiveness. INS-1 cells were treated with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10-μM MEHP and MBP for 24, 48, and 72 h. Our results showed that cell viability was decreased and total oxidant levels were increased. Also, mRNA expression levels with asscociated beta cells were measured and for MBP dose groups, all mRNA expression levels were decreased. In conclusion, these findings suggest that, MEHP and MBP are have a negative and distruptor role on pancreatic beta cells and it will be linked with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Karabulut
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 43100, Evliya Çelebi Campus, Andız Mahallesi, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Barlas
- Hacettepe University, Science Faculty, Department of Bİology, 06800, Beytepe Campus, Beytepe Mahallesi, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Torres-Olascoaga LA, Watkins D, Schnaas L, Meeker JD, Solano-Gonzalez M, Osorio-Valencia E, Peterson KE, Tellez-Rojo MM, Tamayo-Ortiz M. Early Gestational Exposure to High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates and Its Association with 48-Month-Old Children's Motor and Cognitive Scores. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218150. [PMID: 33158190 PMCID: PMC7662459 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In utero phthalate exposure has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, nevertheless, trimester-specific susceptibility remains understudied. Our aim was to identify susceptible windows to the effects of gestational High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates (HMWP) exposure on 48 months’ neurodevelopment. We measured six HMWP metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, MBzP and MCPP) in urine samples collected during each trimester from women in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort (n = 218). We assessed children’s motor (MS), cognitive (GCI) and memory (MeS) abilities using McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA). We used linear regression models to examine associations between trimester-specific phthalate metabolites and MSCA scores, adjusted for sex, gestational age, breastfeeding, and maternal IQ. Although phthalate concentrations were similar across trimesters, first and second trimester phthalates were inversely associated with MS and GCI, with first trimester associations with MS being the strongest and statistically significant. Stronger associations were seen with MS and GCI among boys compared to girls, however interaction terms were not statistically significant. Our results suggest that early gestation is a sensitive window of exposure to HMWP for neurodevelopment, particularly in boys. Regulations on phthalate content in food as well as pregnancy consumption guidelines are necessary to protect future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libni A. Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62000, Mexico; (L.A.T.-O.); (M.S.-G.); (M.M.T.-R.)
| | - Deborah Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (D.W.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (L.S.); (E.O.-V.)
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62000, Mexico; (L.A.T.-O.); (M.S.-G.); (M.M.T.-R.)
| | | | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (D.W.); (K.E.P.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Martha María Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62000, Mexico; (L.A.T.-O.); (M.S.-G.); (M.M.T.-R.)
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Research Unit in Occupational Health, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: or
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8
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Shi YQ, Fu GQ, Zhao J, Cheng SZ, Li Y, Yi LN, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang ZB, Dai J, Zhang DY. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate induces reproductive toxicity via JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress in pubertal male rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:228-238. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718824911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical and reproductive toxicant. Although previous studies have attempted to describe the mechanism by which DEHP exposure results in reproductive dysfunction, few studies focused on puberty, a critical period of reproductive development, and the increased susceptibility to injury in adolescents. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning the testicular effects of DEHP in puberty, we sought to investigate the JAZF1/TR4 pathway in the testes of pubertal rats. Specifically, we focused on the role of the JAZF1/TR4 pathway in male reproduction, including the genes JAZF1, TR4, Sperm 1, and Cyclin A1. In the present study, rats were exposed to increasing concentrations of DEHP (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day) by oral gavages for 30 days. Then we assayed testicular zinc and oxidative stress levels. Our results indicated that DEHP exposure could lead to oxidative stress and decrease the contents of testicular zinc. Additionally, significant morphological changes and cell apoptosis were observed in testes exposed to DEHP, as identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick and labeling assay. By measuring the expression levels of the above relevant genes by qPCR, we found the DEHP-induced increased expression of JAZF1 and decreased expression of TR4, Sperm 1, and Cyclin A1. Therefore, we have demonstrated that in vivo exposure to DEHP might induce reproductive toxicity in pubertal male rats through the JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Shi
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qing Fu
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen-Zhou Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Li
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Na Yi
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Dai
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Yi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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9
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He F, Tian Y, Xu Z, Luo L, Yang J, Wang H, Sun Y, Du Q, Shen Y. Development of an immunochromatographic assay as a screen for detection of total phthalate acid esters in cooking oil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:80-88. [PMID: 29279017 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1414023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) contamination raised concerns as a result of migration from food packaging and environmental exposure. Because of the adverse effects of PAE reported in humans, the aim of this study was to examine the ability to screen for the detection these chemicals as an indicator of potential exposure. Too develop a sensitive screening test to determine PAE, a specific polyclonal antibody against phthalic acid (PA), the hydrolysate of PAEs, was used as a marker of total PAEs. This method involved the use of 4-aminophthalic acid (APA) as an immunizing hapten to generate antibody. Subsequently, this antibody conjugated with labeled gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was then used to develop an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for visually detecting PA. After establishing optimal assay conditions, the ICA strip detected visually PA at 3 μg/ml rapidly in less than 5 min. Further, this assay exhibited reliable specificity for PA with no apparent cross-reactivity with structurally related PAEs. A significant correlation between data obtained with the ICA strip and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was achieved using cooking oils as model spiked samples. The proposed use of ICA offers an effective tool for rapid on-site screening for total PAEs in cooking oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuanxin Tian
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin Luo
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinyi Yang
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong Wang
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qingfeng Du
- c Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University , Foshan , China
| | - Yudong Shen
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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10
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Seltenrich N. A Hard Nut to Crack: Reducing Chemical Migration in Food-Contact Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:A174-9. [PMID: 26133041 PMCID: PMC4492252 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.123-a174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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11
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Bai PY, Wittert GA, Taylor AW, Martin SA, Milne RW, Shi Z. The association of socio-demographic status, lifestyle factors and dietary patterns with total urinary phthalates in Australian men. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122140. [PMID: 25875472 PMCID: PMC4398403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between socio-demographic status, lifestyle factors, dietary patterns and urinary total phthalate concentration in a cohort of South Australian men. METHOD We randomly selected 1527 males aged 39 to 84 from wave two of the Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study. Total phthalate concentration was examined in fasting morning urine samples. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were assessed by questionnaire. Food intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were constructed using factor analysis. RESULTS Total phthalates were detected in 99.6% of the urine samples. The overall geometric mean (95% CI) of total phthalate concentration was 112.4 (107.5-117.5) ng/mL. The least square geometric means (LSGMs) of total phthalate concentration were significantly higher among people who were obese (127.8 ng/mL), consuming less than two serves fruit per day (125.7 ng/mL) and drinking more than one can (375mL) of carbonated soft drink per day (131.9 ng/mL). Two dietary patterns were identified: a prudent dietary pattern and a western dietary pattern. Both the western dietary pattern (p = 0.002) and multiple lifestyle risk factors including smoking, obesity, insufficient physical activity and the highest quartile of the western dietary pattern (p<0.001), were positively associated with total phthalate levels. There was no significant relationship between total phthalate concentration and socio-demographic status. CONCLUSION Phthalate exposure is ubiquitous and positively associated with lifestyle risk factors in urban dwelling Australian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y. Bai
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anne W. Taylor
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sean A. Martin
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert W. Milne
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zumin Shi
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Albini A, Rosano C, Angelini G, Amaro A, Esposito AI, Maramotti S, Noonan DM, Pfeffer U. Exogenous hormonal regulation in breast cancer cells by phytoestrogens and endocrine disruptors. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21:458-500. [PMID: 24304271 PMCID: PMC4153070 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113206660291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Observations on the role of ovarian hormones in breast cancer growth, as well as interest in contraception, stimulated research into the biology of estrogens. The identification of the classical receptors ERα and ERβ and the transmembrane receptor GPER and the resolution of the structure of the ligand bound to its receptor established the principal molecular mechanisms of estrogen action. The presence of estrogen-like compounds in many plants used in traditional medicine or ingested as food ingredients, phytoestrogens, as well as the estrogenic activities of many industrial pollutants and pesticides, xenoestrogens, have prompted investigations into their role in human health. Phyto- and xenoestrogens bind to the estrogen receptors with a lower affinity than the endogenous estrogens and can compete or substitute the hormone. Xenoestrogens, which accumulate in the body throughout life, are believed to increase breast cancer risk, especially in cases of prenatal and prepuberal exposure whereas the role of phytoestrogens is still a matter of debate. At present, the application of phytoestrogens appears to be limited to the treatment of post-menopausal symptoms in women where the production of endogenous estrogens has ceased. In this review we discuss chemistry, structure and classification, estrogen signaling and the consequences of the interactions of estrogens, phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens with their receptors, the complex interactions of endogenous and exogenous ligands, the evaluation of the health risks related to xenoestrogens, and the perspectives toward the synthesis of potent third generation selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - U Pfeffer
- Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Viale Dunant, n.3 Varese, Italy, 21100.
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