1
|
Shimada IS, Kato Y. Ciliary signaling in stem cells in health and disease: Hedgehog pathway and beyond. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:115-125. [PMID: 35466055 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like sensory compartment that protrudes from the cellular surface. The primary cilium is enriched in a variety of signaling molecules that regulate cellular activities. Stem cells have primary cilia. They reside in a specialized environment, called the stem cell niche. This niche contains a variety of secreted factors, and some of their receptors are localized in the primary cilia of stem cells. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the function of cilia in compartmentalized signaling in stem cells. We describe how ciliary signaling regulates stem cells and progenitor cells during development, tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. We summarize our understanding of cilia regulated signaling -primary involving the hedgehog pathway- in stem cells in diverse settings that include neuroepithelial cells, radial glia, cerebellar granule neuron precursors, hematopoietic stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and mammary gland stem cells. Overall, our review highlights a variety of roles that ciliary signaling plays in regulating stem cells throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issei S Shimada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Azakawasumi, Mizuzho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Azakawasumi, Mizuzho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong T, Zhang W, Guo H, Pan X, Chen X, He Q, Yang B, Ding L. The regulatory and modulatory roles of TRP family channels in malignant tumors and relevant therapeutic strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1761-1780. [PMID: 35847486 PMCID: PMC9279634 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are one primary type of calcium (Ca2+) permeable channels, and those relevant transmembrane and intracellular TRP channels were previously thought to be mainly associated with the regulation of cardiovascular and neuronal systems. Nowadays, however, accumulating evidence shows that those TRP channels are also responsible for tumorigenesis and progression, inducing tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the overall underlying mechanisms and possible signaling transduction pathways that TRP channels in malignant tumors might still remain elusive. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the linkage between TRP channels and the significant characteristics of tumors such as multi-drug resistance (MDR), metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, immune surveillance evasion, and the alterations of relevant tumor micro-environment. Moreover, we also have discussed the expression of relevant TRP channels in various forms of cancer and the relevant inhibitors' efficacy. The chemo-sensitivity of the anti-cancer drugs of various acting mechanisms and the potential clinical applications are also presented. Furthermore, it would be enlightening to provide possible novel therapeutic approaches to counteract malignant tumors regarding the intervention of calcium channels of this type.
Collapse
Key Words
- 4α-PDD, 4α-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate
- ABCB, ATP-binding cassette B1
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALA, alpha lipoic acid
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APB, aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CBD, cannabidiol
- CRAC, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel
- CaR, calcium-sensing receptor
- CaSR, calcium sensing receptor
- Cancer progression
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DBTRG, Denver Brain Tumor Research Group
- ECFC, endothelial colony-forming cells
- ECM, enhanced extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- ETS, erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- GADD, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene
- GC, gastric cancer
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- GSC, glioma stem-like cells
- GSK, glycogen synthase kinase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HIF, hypoxia-induced factor
- HSC, hematopoietic stem cells
- IP3R, inositol triphosphate receptor
- Intracellular mechanism
- KO, knockout
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRP, lipoprotein receptor-related protein
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinases
- NEDD4, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4
- NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells
- NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
- NO, nitro oxide
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PCa, prostate cancer
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PHD, prolyl hydroxylases
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- PLC, phospholipase C
- Programmed cancer cell death
- RNS/ROS, reactive nitrogen species/reactive oxygen species
- RTX, resiniferatoxin
- SMAD, Caenorhabditis elegans protein (Sma) and mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad)
- SOCE, store operated calcium entry
- SOR, soricimed
- STIM1, stromal interaction molecules 1
- TEC, tumor endothelial cells
- TGF, transforming growth factor-β
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TRP channels
- TRPA/C/M/ML/N/P/V, transient receptor potential ankyrin/canonical/melastatin/mucolipon/NOMPC/polycystin/vanilloid
- Targeted tumor therapy
- Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor-associated immunocytes
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide
- VPAC, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor subtype
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- pFRG/RTN, parafacial respiratory group/retrotrapezoid nucleus
Collapse
|
3
|
Transient Receptor Potential Channels in the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158188. [PMID: 34360952 PMCID: PMC8348042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a strictly regulated process that is indispensable for normal development, but it can result in fibrosis and cancer progression. It encompasses a complete alteration of the cellular transcriptomic profile, promoting the expression of genes involved in cellular migration, invasion and proliferation. Extracellular signaling factors driving the EMT process require secondary messengers to convey their effects to their targets. Due to its remarkable properties, calcium represents an ideal candidate to translate molecular messages from receptor to effector. Therefore, calcium-permeable ion channels that facilitate the influx of extracellular calcium into the cytosol can exert major influences on cellular phenotype. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels represent a superfamily of non-selective cation channels that decode physical and chemical stimuli into cellular behavior. Their role as cellular sensors renders them interesting proteins to study in the context of phenotypic transitions, such as EMT. In this review, we elaborate on the current knowledge regarding TRP channel expression and activity in cellular phenotype and EMT.
Collapse
|
4
|
Transient receptor potential channel regulation by growth factors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118950. [PMID: 33421536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is one of the most universal secondary messengers, owing its success to the immense concentration gradient across the plasma membrane. Dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis can result in severe cell dysfunction, thereby initiating several pathologies like tumorigenesis and fibrosis. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels represent a superfamily of Ca2+-permeable ion channels that convey diverse physical and chemical stimuli into a physiological signal. Their broad expression pattern and gating promiscuity support their potential involvement in the cellular response to an altering environment. Growth factors (GF) are essential biochemical messengers that contribute to these environmental changes. Since Ca2+ is essential in GF signaling, altering TRP channel expression or function could be a valid strategy for GF to exert their effect onto their target. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the activation and/or modulation of TRP channels by GF is presented.
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo J, Zhao R, Zhou M, Li J, Yao X, Du J, Chen J, Shen B. TRPP2 and STIM1 form a microdomain to regulate store-operated Ca 2+ entry and blood vessel tone. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:138. [PMID: 32867798 PMCID: PMC7457527 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystin-2 (TRPP2) is a Ca2+ permeable nonselective cationic channel essential for maintaining physiological function in live cells. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is an important Ca2+ sensor in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Both TRPP2 and STIM1 are expressed in endoplasmic reticular membrane and participate in Ca2+ signaling, suggesting a physical interaction and functional synergism. Methods We performed co-localization, co-immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay to identify the interactions of TRPP2 and STIM1 in transfected HEK293 cells and native vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The function of the TRPP2-STIM1 complex in thapsigargin (TG) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced SOCE was explored using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). Further, we created TRPP2 conditional knockout (CKO) mouse to investigate the functional role of TRPP2 in agonist-induced vessel contraction. Results TRPP2 and STIM1 form a complex in transfected HEK293 cells and native VSMCs. Genetic manipulations with TRPP2 siRNA, dominant negative TRPP2 or STIM1 siRNA significantly suppressed ATP and TG-induced intracellular Ca2+ release and SOCE in HEK293 cells. Inositol triphosphate receptor inhibitor 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2APB) abolished ATP-induced Ca2+ release and SOCE in HEK293 cells. In addition, TRPP2 and STIM1 knockdown significantly inhibited ATP- and TG-induced STIM1 puncta formation and SOCE in VSMCs. Importantly, knockdown of TRPP2 and STIM1 or conditional knockout TRPP2 markedly suppressed agonist-induced mouse aorta contraction. Conclusions Our data indicate that TRPP2 and STIM1 are physically associated and form a functional complex to regulate agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, SOCE and blood vessel tone. Video abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizheng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Muyao Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiexia Chen
- Department of Geriatrics Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saigusa T, Yue Q, Bunni MA, Bell PD, Eaton DC. Loss of primary cilia increases polycystin-2 and TRPV4 and the appearance of a nonselective cation channel in the mouse cortical collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F632-F637. [PMID: 31313950 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00210.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow-related bending of cilia results in Ca2+ influx through a polycystin-1 (Pkd1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2) complex, both of which are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family (TRPP1 and TRPP2, respectively). Deletion of this complex as well as cilia result in polycystic kidney disease. The Ca2+ influx pathway has been previously characterized in immortalized collecting duct cells without cilia and found to be a 23-pS channel that was a multimere of TRPP2 and TRPV4. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this TRPP2 and TRPV4 multimere exists in vivo. Apical channel activity was measured using the patch-clamp technique from isolated split-open cortical collecting ducts from adult conditional knockout mice with (Ift88flox/flox) or without (Ift88-/-) cilia. Single tubules were isolated for measurements of mRNA for Pkd1, Pkd2, Trpv4, and epithelial Na+ channel subunits. The predominant channel activity from Ift88flox/flox mice was from epithelial Na+ channel [5-pS Na+-selective channels with long mean open times (475.7 ± 83.26 ms) and open probability > 0.2]. With the loss of cilia, the predominant conductance was a 23-pS nonselective cation channel (reversal potential near 0) with a short mean open time (72 ± 17 ms), open probability < 0.08, and a characteristic flickery opening. Loss of cilia increased mRNA levels for Pkd2 and Trpv4 from single isolated cortical collecting ducts. In conclusion, 23-pS channels exist in vivo, and activity of this channel is elevated with loss of cilia, consistent with previous finding of an elevated-unregulated Ca2+-permeable pathway at the apical membrane of collecting duct cells that lack cilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Saigusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qiang Yue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marlene A Bunni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Parnell SC, Magenheimer BS, Maser RL, Pavlov TS, Havens MA, Hastings ML, Jackson SF, Ward CJ, Peterson KR, Staruschenko A, Calvet JP. A mutation affecting polycystin-1 mediated heterotrimeric G-protein signaling causes PKD. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3313-3324. [PMID: 29931260 PMCID: PMC6140781 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the growth of renal cysts that ultimately destroy kidney function. Mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes cause ADPKD. Their protein products, polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2) have been proposed to form a calcium-permeable receptor-channel complex; however the mechanisms by which they function are almost completely unknown. Most mutations in PKD1 are truncating loss-of-function mutations or affect protein biogenesis, trafficking or stability and reveal very little about the intrinsic biochemical properties or cellular functions of PC1. An ADPKD patient mutation (L4132Δ or ΔL), resulting in a single amino acid deletion in a putative G-protein binding region of the PC1 C-terminal cytosolic tail, was found to significantly decrease PC1-stimulated, G-protein-dependent signaling in transient transfection assays. Pkd1ΔL/ΔL mice were embryo-lethal suggesting that ΔL is a functionally null mutation. Kidney-specific Pkd1ΔL/cond mice were born but developed severe, postnatal cystic disease. PC1ΔL protein expression levels and maturation were comparable to those of wild type PC1, and PC1ΔL protein showed cell surface localization. Expression of PC1ΔL and PC2 complexes in transfected CHO cells failed to support PC2 channel activity, suggesting that the role of PC1 is to activate G-protein signaling to regulate the PC1/PC2 calcium channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Brenda S Magenheimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Robin L Maser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tengis S Pavlov
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Hastings
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen F Jackson
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christopher J Ward
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kenneth R Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - James P Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gα i-mediated TRPC4 activation by polycystin-1 contributes to endothelial function via STAT1 activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3480. [PMID: 29472562 PMCID: PMC5823873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and aneurysm are frequently associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) caused by polycystin-1 (PC1) mutations, which is closely related to endothelial dysfunction. PC1 is an atypical G-protein-coupled receptor that activates G-proteins by self-cleavage; currently, however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the associated intracellular signaling and ion channel activation remain poorly elucidated. Here, we report an activation mechanism of a calcium-permeable canonical transient receptor potential 4 (TRPC4) channel by PC1 and its endothelial function. We found that the inhibitory Gαi3 protein selectively bound to the G-protein-binding domain on the C-terminus of PC1. The dissociation of Gαi3 upon cleavage of PC1 increased TRPC4 activity. Calcium influx through TRPC4 activated the transcription factor STAT1 to regulate cell proliferation and death. The down-regulation of PC1/TRPC4/STAT1 disrupted migration of endothelial cell monolayers, leading to an increase in endothelial permeability. These findings contribute to greater understanding of the high risk of aneurysm in patients with ADPKD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and constitutes the most common heritable kidney disease. Most patients are affected by the autosomal dominant form (ADPKD) which generally is an adult-onset multisystem disorder. By contrast, the rarer recessive form ARPKD usually already manifests perinatally or in childhood. In some patients, however, ADPKD and ARPKD can phenotypically overlap with early manifestation in ADPKD and only late onset in ARPKD. Progressive fibrocystic renal changes are often accompanied by severe hepatobiliary changes or other extrarenal abnormalities. Areas covered: A reduced dosage of disease proteins disturbs cell homeostasis and explains a more severe clinical course in some PKD patients. Cystic kidney disease is also a common feature of other ciliopathies and genetic syndromes. Genetic diagnosis may guide clinical management and helps to avoid invasive measures and to detect renal and extrarenal comorbidities early in the clinical course. Expert Commentary: The broad phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of cystic and polycystic kidney diseases make NGS a particularly powerful approach. Interpretation of data becomes the challenge and bench and bedside benefit from digitized multidisciplinary interrelationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bergmann
- a Center for Human Genetics , Bioscientia , Ingelheim , Germany.,b Department of Medicine , University Hospital Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ganner A, Neumann-Haefelin E. Genetic kidney diseases: Caenorhabditis elegans as model system. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:105-118. [PMID: 28484847 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite its apparent simplicity, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a high rating as a model in molecular and developmental biology and biomedical research. C. elegans has no excretory system comparable with the mammalian kidney but many of the genes and molecular pathways involved in human kidney diseases are conserved in C. elegans. The plethora of genetic, molecular and imaging tools available in C. elegans has enabled major discoveries in renal research and advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of genetic kidney diseases. In particular, studies in C. elegans have pioneered the fundamental role of cilia for cystic kidney diseases. In addition, proteins of the glomerular filtration barrier and podocytes are critical for cell recognition, assembly of functional neuronal circuits, mechanosensation and signal transduction in C. elegans. C. elegans has also proved tremendously valuable for aging research and the Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene has been shown to modulate lifespan in the nematode. Further, studies of the excretory canal, membrane transport and ion channel function in C. elegans have provided insights into mechanisms of tubulogenesis and cellular homeostasis. This review recounts the way that C. elegans can be used to investigate various aspects of genetic and molecular nephrology. This model system opens up an exciting and new area of study of renal development and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Ganner
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elke Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tykocki NR, Boerman EM, Jackson WF. Smooth Muscle Ion Channels and Regulation of Vascular Tone in Resistance Arteries and Arterioles. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:485-581. [PMID: 28333380 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the body's tissues and organs. Ion channels in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in these blood vessels importantly contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the primary determinant of SMC contractile activity and vascular tone. Ion channels provide the main source of activator Ca2+ that determines vascular tone, and strongly contribute to setting and regulating membrane potential, which, in turn, regulates the open-state-probability of voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), the primary source of Ca2+ in resistance artery and arteriolar SMCs. Ion channel function is also modulated by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, contributing to all aspects of the regulation of vascular tone. This review will focus on the physiology of VGCCs, voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, strong-inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that contribute to pressure-induced myogenic tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, the modulation of the function of these ion channels by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, their role in the functional regulation of tissue blood flow and their dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:485-581, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
England SJ, Campbell PC, Banerjee S, Swanson AJ, Lewis KE. Identification and Expression Analysis of the Complete Family of Zebrafish pkd Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28271061 PMCID: PMC5318412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) proteins are trans-membrane proteins that have crucial roles in many aspects of vertebrate development and physiology, including the development of many organs as well as left–right patterning and taste. They can be divided into structurally-distinct PKD1-like and PKD2-like proteins and usually one PKD1-like protein forms a heteromeric polycystin complex with a PKD2-like protein. For example, PKD1 forms a complex with PKD2 and mutations in either of these proteins cause Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), which is the most frequent potentially-lethal single-gene disorder in humans. Here, we identify the complete family of pkd genes in zebrafish and other teleosts. We describe the genomic locations and sequences of all seven genes: pkd1, pkd1b, pkd1l1, pkd1l2a, pkd1l2b, pkd2, and pkd2l1. pkd1l2a/pkd1l2b are likely to be ohnologs of pkd1l2, preserved from the whole genome duplication that occurred at the base of the teleosts. However, in contrast to mammals and cartilaginous and holostei fish, teleosts lack pkd2l2, and pkdrej genes, suggesting that these have been lost in the teleost lineage. In addition, teleost, and holostei fish have only a partial pkd1l3 sequence, suggesting that this gene may be in the process of being lost in the ray-finned fish lineage. We also provide the first comprehensive description of the expression of zebrafish pkd genes during development. In most structures we detect expression of one pkd1-like gene and one pkd2-like gene, consistent with these genes encoding a heteromeric protein complex. For example, we found that pkd2 and pkd1l1 are expressed in Kupffer's vesicle and pkd1 and pkd2 are expressed in the developing pronephros. In the spinal cord, we show that pkd1l2a and pkd2l1 are co-expressed in KA cells. We also identify potential co-expression of pkd1b and pkd2 in the floor-plate. Interestingly, and in contrast to mouse, we observe expression of all seven pkd genes in regions that may correspond to taste receptors. Taken together, these results provide a crucial catalog of pkd genes in an important model system for elucidating cell and developmental processes and modeling human diseases and the most comprehensive analysis of embryonic pkd gene expression in any vertebrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul C Campbell
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cordido A, Besada-Cerecedo L, García-González MA. The Genetic and Cellular Basis of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease-A Primer for Clinicians. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:279. [PMID: 29326913 PMCID: PMC5741702 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common genetic disorders worldwide. In recent decades, the field has undergone a revolution, starting with the identification of causal ADPKD genes, including PKD1, PKD2, and the recently identified GANAB. In addition, advances defining the genetic mechanisms, protein localization and function, and the identification of numerous pathways involved in the disease process, have contributed to a better understanding of this illness. Together, this has led to a better prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment in clinical practice. In this mini review, we summarize and discuss new insights about the molecular mechanisms underlying ADPKD, including its genetics, protein function, and cellular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cordido
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.° 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lara Besada-Cerecedo
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.° 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A García-González
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.° 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Doerr N, Wang Y, Kipp KR, Liu G, Benza JJ, Pletnev V, Pavlov TS, Staruschenko A, Mohieldin AM, Takahashi M, Nauli SM, Weimbs T. Regulation of Polycystin-1 Function by Calmodulin Binding. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161525. [PMID: 27560828 PMCID: PMC4999191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease that leads to progressive renal cyst growth and loss of renal function, and is caused by mutations in the genes encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), respectively. The PC1/PC2 complex localizes to primary cilia and can act as a flow-dependent calcium channel in addition to numerous other signaling functions. The exact functions of the polycystins, their regulation and the purpose of the PC1/PC2 channel are still poorly understood. PC1 is an integral membrane protein with a large extracytoplasmic N-terminal domain and a short, ~200 amino acid C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Most proteins that interact with PC1 have been found to bind via the cytoplasmic tail. Here we report that the PC1 tail has homology to the regulatory domain of myosin heavy chain including a conserved calmodulin-binding motif. This motif binds to CaM in a calcium-dependent manner. Disruption of the CaM-binding motif in PC1 does not affect PC2 binding, cilia targeting, or signaling via heterotrimeric G-proteins or STAT3. However, disruption of CaM binding inhibits the PC1/PC2 calcium channel activity and the flow-dependent calcium response in kidney epithelial cells. Furthermore, expression of CaM-binding mutant PC1 disrupts cellular energy metabolism. These results suggest that critical functions of PC1 are regulated by its ability to sense cytosolic calcium levels via binding to CaM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Doerr
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Kipp
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jesse J. Benza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Pletnev
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tengis S. Pavlov
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Ashraf M. Mohieldin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, United States of America
- University of California Irvine, Medical Campus, Orange, CA, United States of America
| | - Maki Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, United States of America
- University of California Irvine, Medical Campus, Orange, CA, United States of America
| | - Surya M. Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, United States of America
- University of California Irvine, Medical Campus, Orange, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Orhon I, Dupont N, Zaidan M, Boitez V, Burtin M, Schmitt A, Capiod T, Viau A, Beau I, Kuehn EW, Friedlander G, Terzi F, Codogno P. Primary-cilium-dependent autophagy controls epithelial cell volume in response to fluid flow. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:657-67. [PMID: 27214279 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an adaptation mechanism that is vital for cellular homeostasis in response to various stress conditions. Previous reports indicate that there is a functional interaction between the primary cilium (PC) and autophagy. The PC, a microtubule-based structure present at the surface of numerous cell types, is a mechanical sensor. Here we show that autophagy induced by fluid flow regulates kidney epithelial cell volume in vitro and in vivo. PC ablation blocked autophagy induction and cell-volume regulation. In addition, inhibition of autophagy in ciliated cells impaired the flow-dependent regulation of cell volume. PC-dependent autophagy can be triggered either by mTOR inhibition or a mechanism dependent on the polycystin 2 channel. Only the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway was required for the flow-dependent regulation of cell volume by autophagy. These findings suggest that therapies regulating autophagy should be considered in developing treatments for PC-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idil Orhon
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Valérie Boitez
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Martine Burtin
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Amandine Viau
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Beau
- INSERM UMR 1185, Université Paris-Sud 11, Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - E Wolfgang Kuehn
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwig-University, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lienkamp SS. Using Xenopus to study genetic kidney diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 51:117-24. [PMID: 26851624 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Modern sequencing technology is revolutionizing our knowledge of inherited kidney disease. However, the molecular role of genes affected by the rapidly rising number of identified mutations is lagging behind. Xenopus is a highly useful, but underutilized model organism with unique properties excellently suited to decipher the molecular mechanisms of kidney development and disease. The embryonic kidney (pronephros) can be manipulated on only one side of the animal and its formation observed directly through the translucent skin. The moderate evolutionary distance between Xenopus and humans is a huge advantage for studying basic principles of kidney development, but still allows us to analyze the function of disease related genes. Optogenetic manipulations and genome editing by CRISPR/Cas are exciting additions to the toolbox for disease modelling and will facilitate the use of Xenopus in translational research. Therefore, the future of Xenopus in kidney research is bright.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soeren S Lienkamp
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Cilia are highly conserved for their structure and also for their sensory functions. They serve as antennae for extracellular information. Whether the cilia are motile or not, they respond to environmental mechanical and chemical stimuli and signal to the cell body. The information from extracellular stimuli is commonly converted to electrical signals through the repertoire of ion-conducting channels in the ciliary membrane resulting in changes in concentrations of ions, especially Ca2+, in the cilia. These changes, in turn, affect motility and signaling pathways in the cilia and cell body to carry on the signal transduction. We review here the activities of ion channels in cilia from protists to vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Kleene
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576 USA 1-513-558-6099 (phone) 1-513-558-5738 (fax)
| | - Judith L Van Houten
- Department of Biology University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405, USA 1-802-656-0452 (phone) 1-802-656-2914 (FAX)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao R, Zhou M, Li J, Wang X, Su K, Hu J, Ye Y, Zhu J, Zhang G, Wang K, Du J, Wang L, Shen B. Increased TRPP2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from high-salt intake hypertensive rats: The crucial role in vascular dysfunction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:365-72. [PMID: 25351462 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE High-salt intake is a major risk factor in the development of hypertension. The underlying mechanism of high sodium on the cardiovascular system has received extensive attention. TRPP2 (Polycystin-2) is a Ca(2+) permeable nonselective cation channel that mediates Ca(2+) mobilization to control vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contraction. Here, we investigated TRPP2 expression change in VSMCs from high-salt intake hypertensive rats and role of TRPP2 in the development of high-salt diet-induced hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS After 4 ws of dietary treatment, systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in high-salt intake rats (132 ± 3 mmHg) compared with regular diet control rats (104 ± 2 mmHg). Results from vessel tension and diameter measurements show that high-salt intake potentiated phenylephrine-induced contraction in denuded mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence data indicate that TRPP2 expression in VSMCs from mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta was significantly increased in high-salt intake-induced hypertensive rats. However, agonist-induced contractions in denuded mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta were markedly decreased if TRPP2 was knocked down by specific shRNA. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that high-salt intake increased TRPP2 expression in VSMCs, which in turn potentiated blood vessel response to contractors; this may participate in the development of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China; Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weimbs T, Olsan EE, Talbot JJ. Regulation of STATs by polycystin-1 and their role in polycystic kidney disease. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e23650. [PMID: 24058808 PMCID: PMC3710321 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene coding for polycystin-1 (PC1). PC1 can regulate STAT transcription factors by a novel, dual mechanism. STAT3 and STAT6 are aberrantly activated in renal cysts. Genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit STAT3 or STAT6 have led to promising results in ADPKD mouse models. Here, we review current findings that lead to a model of PC1 as a key regulator of STAT signaling in renal tubule cells. We discuss how PC1 may orchestrate appropriate epithelial responses to renal injury, and how this system may lead to aberrant STAT activation in ADPKD thereby causing inappropriate activation of tissue repair programs that culminate in renal cyst growth and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hofherr A, Wagner C, Fedeles S, Somlo S, Köttgen M. N-glycosylation determines the abundance of the transient receptor potential channel TRPP2. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14854-67. [PMID: 24719335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.562264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a critical role in the biogenesis and function of membrane proteins. Transient receptor potential channel TRPP2 is a nonselective cation channel that is mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. TRPP2 has been shown to be heavily N-glycosylated, but the glycosylation sites and the biological role of N-linked glycosylation have not been investigated. Here we show, using a combination of mass spectrometry and biochemical approaches, that native TRPP2 is glycosylated at five asparagines in the first extracellular loop. Glycosylation is required for the efficient biogenesis of TRPP2 because mutations of the glycosylated asparagines result in strongly decreased protein expression of the ion channel. Wild-type and N-glycosylation-deficient TRPP2 is degraded in lysosomes, as shown by increased TRPP2 protein levels upon chemical inhibition of lysosomal degradation. In addition, using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that glucosidase II (GII) mediates glycan trimming of TRPP2. The non-catalytic β subunit of glucosidase II (GIIβ) is encoded by PRKCSH, one of the genes causing autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD). The impaired GIIβ-dependent glucose trimming of TRPP2 glycosylation in ADPLD may explain the decreased TRPP2 protein expression in Prkcsh(-/-) mice and the genetic interaction observed between TRPP2 and PRKCSH in ADPLD. These results highlight the biological importance of N-linked glycosylation and GII-mediated glycan trimming in the control of biogenesis and stability of TRPP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hofherr
- From the Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straβe 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, the Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) and Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, and
| | - Claudius Wagner
- From the Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straβe 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sorin Fedeles
- the Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Stefan Somlo
- the Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Michael Köttgen
- From the Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straβe 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
It has been exciting times since the identification of polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) and PKD2 as the genes mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Biological roles of the encoded proteins polycystin-1 and TRPP2 have been deduced from phenotypes in ADPKD patients, but recent insights from vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms have significantly expanded our understanding of the physiological functions of these proteins. The identification of additional TRPP (TRPP3 and TRPP5) and polycystin-1-like proteins (PKD1L1, PKD1L2, PKD1L3, and PKDREJ) has added yet another layer of complexity to these fascinating cellular signalling units. TRPP proteins assemble with polycystin-1 family members to form receptor-channel complexes. These protein modules have important biological roles ranging from tubular morphogenesis to determination of left-right asymmetry. The founding members of the polycystin family, TRPP2 and polycystin-1, are a prime example of how studying human disease genes can provide insights into fundamental biological mechanisms using a so-called "reverse translational" approach (from bedside to bench). Here, we discuss the current literature on TRPP ion channels and polycystin-1 family proteins including expression, structure, physical interactions, physiology, and lessons from animal model systems and human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Semmo
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Mechanosensitive channels allow cells to respond to changes in membrane stretch that occur due to external stimuli like pressure or flow or that occur because of osmotically induced cell swelling or shrinkage. Ion fluxes through the channels change the membrane potential and ion concentrations and link the stretch to cellular signalling. Changes in cellular activity evoked by mechanical stimuli can be used to elicit local tissue responses or can be transmitted further to generate more widespread responses. Channels can respond directly to membrane stress, can be conferred mechanosensitive by interaction with structural proteins, or can be activated by mechanosensitive signalling pathways. Because mechanosensitive channels are often nonselective cation channels, and invertebrate TRP isoforms are involved in mechanosensation, many of the mammalian TRP isoforms have been investigated with regard to their mechanosensitivity. There is evidence that members of the TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPA and TRPP subfamilies could be in some way mechanosensitive, and each of the activation mechanisms described above is used by a TRP channel. TRP channels may be involved in mechanosensitive processes ranging from flow and pressure sensing in the vasculature and other organs to mechanosensation in sensory neurones and sensory organs. There is also evidence for a role of mechano- or osmosensitive TRP isoforms in osmosensing and the regulation of cell volume. Often, a number of different TRP isoforms have been implicated in a single type of mechanosensitive response. In many cases, the involvement of the isoforms needs to be confirmed, and their exact role in the signalling process determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim D Plant
- Pharmakologisches Institut, BPC-Marburg, FB-Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, 35032, Marburg, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Catterall WA, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: ion channels. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1607-51. [PMID: 24528239 PMCID: PMC3892289 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. Ion channels are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- *
Author for correspondence;
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - William A Catterall
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of PharmacologyBox 357280, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kotsis F, Boehlke C, Kuehn EW. The ciliary flow sensor and polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:518-26. [PMID: 23314319 PMCID: PMC3588856 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery that proteins mutated in different forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are tightly associated with primary cilia, strong efforts have been made to define the role of this organelle in the pathogenesis of cyst formation. Cilia are filiform microtubular structures, anchored in the basal body and extending from the apical membrane into the tubular lumen. Early work established that cilia act as flow sensors, eliciting calcium transients in response to bending, which involve the two proteins mutated in autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), polycystin-1 and -2. Loss of cilia alone is insufficient to cause cyst formation. Nevertheless, a large body of evidence links flow sensing by cilia to aspects relevant for cyst formation such as cell polarity, Stat6- and mammalian target of rapamycin signalling. This review summarizes the current literature on cilia and flow sensing with respect to PKD and discusses how these findings intercalate with different aspects of cyst formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Kotsis
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg,Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mekahli D, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Missiaen L, De Smedt H. Polycystins and cellular Ca2+ signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:2697-712. [PMID: 23076254 PMCID: PMC3708286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cystic phenotype in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is characterized by a profound dysfunction of many cellular signaling patterns, ultimately leading to an increase in both cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. Disturbance of normal cellular Ca2+ signaling seems to be a primary event and is clearly involved in many pathways that may lead to both types of cellular responses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the molecular and functional interactions between polycystins and multiple components of the cellular Ca2+-signaling machinery. In addition, we discuss the relevant downstream responses of the changed Ca2+ signaling that ultimately lead to increased proliferation and increased apoptosis as observed in many cystic cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Mekahli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I, B-802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I, B-802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I, B-802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Missiaen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I, B-802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H. De Smedt
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I, B-802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mekahli D, Sammels E, Luyten T, Welkenhuyzen K, van den Heuvel LP, Levtchenko EN, Gijsbers R, Bultynck G, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Missiaen L. Polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 are both required to amplify inositol-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:452-8. [PMID: 22456092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes encoding respectively polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. Polycystin-2 stimulates the inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor (IP(3)R), a Ca(2+)-release channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The effect of ER-located polycystin-1 is less clear. Polycystin-1 has been reported both to stimulate and to inhibit the IP(3)R. We now studied the effect of polycystin-1 and of polycystin-2 on the IP(3)R activity under conditions where the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration was kept constant and the reuptake of released Ca(2+) was prevented. We also studied the interdependence of the interaction of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 with the IP(3)R. The experiments were done in conditionally immortalized human proximal-tubule epithelial cells in which one or both polycystins were knocked down using lentiviral vectors containing miRNA-based short hairpins. The Ca(2+) release was induced in plasma membrane-permeabilized cells by various IP(3) concentrations at a fixed Ca(2+) concentration under unidirectional (45)Ca(2+)-efflux conditions. We now report that knock down of polycystin-1 or of polycystin-2 inhibited the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release. The simultaneous presence of the two polycystins was required to fully amplify the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release, since the presence of polycystin-1 alone or of polycystin-2 alone did not result in an increased Ca(2+) release. These novel findings indicate that ER-located polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 operate as a functional complex. They are compatible with the view that loss-of-function mutations in PKD1 and in PKD2 both cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mekahli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
The TRPP Signaling Module: TRPP2/Polycystin-1 and TRPP2/PKD1L1. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-077-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Drosophila sperm swim backwards in the female reproductive tract and are activated via TRPP2 ion channels. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20031. [PMID: 21625494 PMCID: PMC3098850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm have but one purpose, to fertilize an egg. In various species including
Drosophila melanogaster female sperm storage is a
necessary step in the reproductive process. Amo is a homolog of the human
transient receptor potential channel TRPP2 (also known as PKD2), which is
mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. In flies Amo is
required for sperm storage. Drosophila males with Amo
mutations produce motile sperm that are transferred to the uterus but they
do not reach the female storage organs. Therefore Amo appears to be a
mediator of directed sperm motility in the female reproductive tract but the
underlying mechanism is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Amo exhibits a unique expression pattern during spermatogenesis. In
spermatocytes, Amo is restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whereas
in mature sperm, Amo clusters at the distal tip of the sperm tail. Here we
show that flagellar localization of Amo is required for sperm storage. This
raised the question of how Amo at the rear end of sperm regulates forward
movement into the storage organs. In order to address this question, we used
in vivo imaging of dual labelled sperm to demonstrate
that Drosophila sperm navigate backwards in the female
reproductive tract. In addition, we show that sperm exhibit hyperactivation
upon transfer to the uterus. Amo mutant sperm remain
capable of reverse motility but fail to display hyperactivation and directed
movement, suggesting that these functions are required for sperm storage in
flies. Conclusions/Significance Amo is part of a signalling complex at the leading edge of the sperm tail
that modulates flagellar beating and that guides a backwards path into the
storage organs. Our data support an evolutionarily conserved role for TRPP2
channels in cilia.
Collapse
|