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Liu W, Wang Y, Qiu H, Chen D, Wu S, Ji Q, Chang B, Li Y, Zhao H, Tan Y, Gu Y. Long-term ultraviolet B irradiation at 297 nm with light-emitting diode improves bone health via vitamin D regulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4081-4100. [PMID: 39022556 PMCID: PMC11249673 DOI: 10.1364/boe.520348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is the primary determinant for vitamin D synthesis. Sunlight is inefficient and poses a risk, particularly for long-term exposure. In this study, we screened the most favorable wavelength for vitamin D synthesis among four types of narrowband light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and then irradiated osteoporosis rats with the optimal wavelength for 3-12 months. The 297 nm narrowband LED was the most efficient. Long-term radiation increased vitamin D levels in all osteoporotic rats and improved bone health. No skin damage was observed during irradiation. Our findings provide an efficient and safe method of vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Defu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Quanbo Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Biao Chang
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yizhou Tan
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Menon GK, Wakefield JS, Elias PM, Denda M. Will Electronic Skins Be the Next Miraculous Skin Care Devices? J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2102-2104. [PMID: 37737807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopinathan K Menon
- Department of Ornithology and Mammalogy, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joan S Wakefield
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter M Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Mitsuhiro Denda
- Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Szallasi A. "ThermoTRP" Channel Expression in Cancers: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis (Practical Approach by a Pathologist). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9098. [PMID: 37240443 PMCID: PMC10219044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (so-called "thermoTRPs") are multifunctional signaling molecules with important roles in cell growth and differentiation. Several "thermoTRP" channels show altered expression in cancers, though it is unclear if this is a cause or consequence of the disease. Regardless of the underlying pathology, this altered expression may potentially be used for cancer diagnosis and prognostication. "ThermoTRP" expression may distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. For example, TRPV1 is expressed in benign gastric mucosa, but is absent in gastric adenocarcinoma. TRPV1 is also expressed both in normal urothelia and non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, but no TRPV1 expression has been seen in invasive urothelial carcinoma. "ThermoTRP" expression can also be used to predict clinical outcomes. For instance, in prostate cancer, TRPM8 expression predicts aggressive behavior with early metastatic disease. Furthermore, TRPV1 expression can dissect a subset of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with bad prognosis and resistance to a number of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. This review will explore the current state of this rapidly evolving field with special emphasis on immunostains that can already be added to the armoire of diagnostic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Szallasi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Zhong T, Wu X, Xie W, Luo X, Song T, Sun S, Luo Y, Li D, Liu M, Xie S, Zhou J. ENKD1 promotes epidermal stratification by regulating spindle orientation in basal keratinocytes. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1719-1729. [PMID: 35197565 PMCID: PMC9433399 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stratification of the epidermis is essential for the barrier function of the skin. However, the molecular mechanisms governing epidermal stratification are not fully understood. Herein, we demonstrate that enkurin domain-containing protein 1 (ENKD1) contributes to epidermal stratification by modulating the cell-division orientation of basal keratinocytes. The epidermis of Enkd1 knockout mice is thinner than that of wild-type mice due to reduced generation of suprabasal cells from basal keratinocytes through asymmetric division. Depletion of ENKD1 impairs proper orientation of the mitotic spindle and delays mitotic progression in cultured cells. Mechanistic investigation further reveals that ENKD1 is a novel microtubule-binding protein that promotes the stability of astral microtubules. Introduction of the microtubule-binding domain of ENKD1 can largely rescue the spindle orientation defects in ENKD1-depleted cells. These findings establish ENKD1 as a critical regulator of astral microtubule stability and spindle orientation that stimulates epidermal stratification in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiangrui Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ting Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Youguang Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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5
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Camponogara C, Oliveira SM. Are TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel-mediated signalling cascades involved in UVB radiation-induced sunburn? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103836. [PMID: 35248760 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Verdugo RJ, Matamala JM, Inui K, Kakigi R, Valls-Solé J, Hansson P, Bernhard Nilsen K, Lombardi R, Lauria G, Petropoulos IN, Malik RA, Treede RD, Baumgärtner U, Jara PA, Campero M. Review of techniques useful for the assessment of sensory small fiber neuropathies: Report from an IFCN expert group. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 136:13-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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7
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Pan B, Schröder W, Jostock R, Schwartz M, Rosson G, Polydefkis M. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide-receptor expression in pachyonychia congenita. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018; 23:241-248. [PMID: 30255608 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP)-receptor (NOP-R) is a member of the opioid receptor family. NOP-R activation has demonstrated analgesic effects in preclinical pain models without the addiction risks associated with other opiate targets. Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by neuropathic pain in affected skin. A cohort of KRT6A gene mutation PC patients with no other explanation for their neuropathic pain offered a unique opportunity to assess potential of NOP-R as a therapeutic target. Plantar biopsies from 10 PC patients and 10 age/gender matched controls were performed at the ball (PC-affected) and the arch (PC-unaffected) of the foot. NOP-R expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Localization of NOP-R in subsets of epidermal nerve fibers was investigated using the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5, markers for unmyelinated peptidergic fibers (calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] and substance P [SP]), as well as for myelinated Aδ and Aβ fibers (neurofilament H [NFH]). Robust NOP-R expression was detected in epidermal keratinocytes and in a subset of PGP9.5+ fibers in both epidermis and dermis, confirmed by western blot and absorption experiments with NOP-R peptide. NOP-R expression in keratinocytes was significantly reduced in PC-affected plantar skin compared with PC-unaffected skin. In addition, NOP-R expression occurred in dermal NFH+ myelinated fibers in all groups, although few CGRP+ fibers co-expressed NOP-R. Furthermore, most SP+ fibers also co-expressed NOP-R. These findings indicate that NOP-R is expressed on epidermal keratinocytes, as well as on epidermal and dermal nerve fibers and has potential as a promising target to treat neuropathic pain in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohan Pan
- Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Translational Science & Intelligence, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Jostock
- In-Vitro Biology & Biomarker Research Unit, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mary Schwartz
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gedge Rosson
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Weber EW, Muller WA. Roles of transient receptor potential channels in regulation of vascular and epithelial barriers. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1331722. [PMID: 28581893 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1331722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a ubiquitously expressed multi-family group of cation channels that are critical to signaling events in many tissues. Their roles have been documented in many physiologic and pathologic conditions. Nevertheless, direct studies of their roles in maintain barrier function in endothelial and epithelia are relatively infrequent. This seems somewhat surprising considering that calcium ion concentrations are known to regulate barrier function. This short review provides an introduction to TRP channels and reviews some of the work in which investigators directly studied the role of TRP channels in endothelial permeability to electric current, solute, or leukocytes during the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan W Weber
- a Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - William A Muller
- b Northwestern University , Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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9
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Chen Z, Zhao H, Fu N, Chen L. The diversified function and potential therapy of ectopic olfactory receptors in non-olfactory tissues. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2104-2115. [PMID: 28338216 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are mainly distributed in olfactory neurons and play a key role in detecting volatile odorants, eventually resulting in the production of smell perception. Recently, it is also reported that ORs are expressed in non-olfactory tissues including heart, lung, sperm, skin, and cancerous tissues. Interestingly, ectopic ORs are associated with the development of diseases in non-olfactory tissues. For instance, ectopic ORs initiate the hypoxic ventilatory responses and maintain the oxygen homeostasis of breathing in the carotid body when oxygen levels decline. Ectopic ORs induce glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Ectopic ORs regulate systemic blood pressure by increasing renin secretion and vasodilation. Ectopic ORs participate in the process of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasiveness. Ectopic ORs accelerate the occurrence of obesity, angiogenesis and wound-healing processes. Ectopic ORs affect fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Finally, we also elaborate some ligands targeting for ORs. Obviously, the diversified function and related signal pathway of ectopic ORs may play a potential therapeutic target in non-olfactory tissues. Thus, this review focuses on the latest research results about the diversified function and therapeutic potential of ectopic ORs in non-olfactory tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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10
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Misery L, Loser K, Ständer S. Sensitive skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30 Suppl 1:2-8. [PMID: 26805416 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive skin is a clinical condition defined by the self-reported facial presence of different sensory perceptions, including tightness, stinging, burning, tingling, pain and pruritus. Sensitive skin may occur in individuals with normal skin, with skin barrier disturbance, or as a part of the symptoms associated with facial dermatoses such as rosacea, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Although experimental studies are still pending, the symptoms of sensitive skin suggest the involvement of cutaneous nerve fibres and neuronal, as well as epidermal, thermochannels. Many individuals with sensitive skin report worsening symptoms due to environmental factors. It is thought that this might be attributed to the thermochannel TRPV1, as it typically responds to exogenous, endogenous, physical and chemical stimuli. Barrier disruptions and immune mechanisms may also be involved. This review summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, potential mechanisms, clinics and therapy of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Misery
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - K Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus (KCP), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Huang C, Du Y, Nabzdyk CS, Ogawa R, Koyama T, Orgill DP, Fu X. Regeneration of hair and other skin appendages: A microenvironment-centric view. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:759-766. [PMID: 27256925 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in skin regeneration have resulted in techniques and products that have allowed regeneration of both the dermis and epidermis. Yet complete skin regeneration requires the adnexal skin structures. Thus it is crucial to understand the regenerative potential of hair follicles where genetic, nutritional, and hormonal influences have important effects and are critical for skin regeneration. The follicular stem cell niche serves as an anatomical compartment, a structural unit, a functional integrator, and a dynamic regulator necessary to sustain internal homeostasis and respond to outside stimuli. In particular, mechanics such as pressure, compression, friction, traction, stretch, shear, and mechanical wounding can influence hair loss or growth. Relevant niche signaling pathways such as Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, Shh, and Notch may yield potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Huang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Christoph S Nabzdyk
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
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Gaspar NK, Aidé MK. Atopic dermatitis: allergic dermatitis or neuroimmune dermatitis? An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91:479-88. [PMID: 27579744 PMCID: PMC4999107 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in knowledge of neurocellulars relations have provided new directions in the understanding and treatment of numerous conditions, including atopic dermatitis. It is known that emotional, physical, chemical or biological stimuli can generate more accentuated responses in atopic patients than in non-atopic individuals; however, the complex network of control covered by these influences, especially by neuropeptides and neurotrophins, and their genetic relations, still keep secrets to be revealed. Itching and airway hyperresponsiveness, the main aspects of atopy, are associated with disruption of the neurosensory network activity. Increased epidermal innervation and production of neurotrophins, neuropeptides, cytokines and proteases, in addition to their relations with the sensory receptors in an epidermis with poor lipid mantle, are the aspects currently covered for understanding atopic dermatitis.
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13
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Ständer S. Sensitive skin - a global challenge with upcoming solutions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30 Suppl 1:1. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus (KCP); University of Münster; Münster Germany
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14
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Calcium Entry Through Thermosensory Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:265-304. [PMID: 27161233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRPs are unique channels that mediate Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents in response to changes in ambient temperature. In combination with their activation by other physical and chemical stimuli, they are considered key integrators of environmental cues into neuronal excitability. Furthermore, roles of thermoTRPs in non-neuronal tissues are currently emerging such as insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, and links to cancer. Calcium permeability through thermoTRPs appears a central hallmark for their physiological and pathological activities. Moreover, it is currently being proposed that beyond working as a second messenger, Ca(2+) can function locally by acting on protein complexes near the membrane. Interestingly, thermoTRPs can enhance and expand the inherent plasticity of signalplexes by conferring them temperature, pH and lipid regulation through Ca(2+) signalling. Thus, unveiling the local role of Ca(2+) fluxes induced by thermoTRPs on the dynamics of membrane-attached signalling complexes as well as their significance in cellular processes, are central issues that will expand the opportunities for therapeutic intervention in disorders involving dysfunction of thermoTRP channels.
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15
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Stull C, Lavery MJ, Yosipovitch G. Advances in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pruritus. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 17:671-87. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1127355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Ehnis-Pérez A, Torres-Álvarez B, Cortés-García D, Hernández-Blanco D, Fuentes-Ahumada C, Castanedo-Cázares JP. Relationship between transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 expression and the intensity of sensitive skin symptoms. J Cosmet Dermatol 2015; 15:231-7. [PMID: 26695734 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin (SS) is a hyper-reactive condition of the skin secondary to external factors, without objective signs of lesion. Its pathogenesis is still under investigation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a cation channel that responds to low pH and is related to nociception, neurogenic inflammation, and pruritus. AIMS To determine the expression of TRPV1 in subjects with SS and correlate it with the degree of symptoms and skin pigmentation. PATIENTS/METHODS We included 31 subjects self-diagnosed as having SS. Colorimetric values were obtained for assessment of skin phototype, and the lactic acid stinging test (LAST) was performed. Two skin biopsies from the nasolabial fold of each volunteer were obtained. Qualitative analysis of TRPV1 was carried out with immunohistochemistry. Quantitative analysis of TRPV1 was carried out with qRT-PCR. RESULTS LAST was positive in 74% of the subjects, 56% of those having tan and brown skin. Immunohistochemistry staining for TRPV1 was greater in positive subjects (P = 0.03), but showed no correlation with the intensity of symptoms. Positive subjects also had higher TRPV1 mRNA expression compared to negative subjects (P < 0.001). This expression showed a positive correlation with the intensity of referred symptoms (R = 0.75, P < 0.001) and skin pigmentation (R = 0.63, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TRPV1 expression is upregulated in subjects with sensitive skin, and it correlates with the intensity of the symptoms. Our findings suggest a role for this receptor in the pathogenesis of sensitive skin syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ehnis-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Bertha Torres-Álvarez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Diego Cortés-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Diana Hernández-Blanco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Cornelia Fuentes-Ahumada
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Juan Pablo Castanedo-Cázares
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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17
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18
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Mediators of Chronic Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis: Getting the Itch Out? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 51:263-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Denda M. Newly discovered olfactory receptors in epidermal keratinocytes are associated with proliferation, migration, and re-epithelialization of keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 134:2677-2679. [PMID: 25318430 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skin contains receptors for various environmental factors. In this issue of the Journal, Busse et al. cloned a new olfactory receptor, OR2AT4, in keratinocytes. They show that the activation of OR2AT4 induces phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and that it accelerates wound healing. OR2AT4 may be a promising candidate as a target in clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Tóth BI, Oláh A, Szöllősi AG, Bíró T. TRP channels in the skin. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2568-81. [PMID: 24372189 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels not only act as 'polymodal cellular sensors' on sensory neurons but are also functionally expressed by a multitude of non-neuronal cell types. This is especially true in the skin, one of the largest organs of the body, where they appear to be critically involved in regulating various cutaneous functions both under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we focus on introducing the roles of several cutaneous TRP channels in the regulation of the skin barrier, skin cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune functions. Moreover, we also describe the putative involvement of several TRP channels in the development of certain skin diseases and identify future TRP channel-targeted therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs I Tóth
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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21
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Denda M, Denda S, Tsutsumi M, Goto M, Kumamoto J, Nakatani M, Takei K, Kitahata H, Nakata S, Sawabu Y, Kobayashi Y, Nagayama M. Frontiers in epidermal barrier homeostasis--an approach to mathematical modelling of epidermal calcium dynamics. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:79-82. [PMID: 24330223 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intact epidermal barrier function is crucial for survival and is associated with the presence of gradients of both calcium ion concentration and electric potential. Although many molecules, including ion channels and pumps, are known to contribute to maintenance of these gradients, the mechanisms involved in epidermal calcium ion dynamics have not been clarified. We have established that a variety of neurotransmitters and their receptors, originally found in the brain, are expressed in keratinocytes and are also associated with barrier homeostasis. Moreover, keratinocytes and neurons show some similarities of electrochemical behaviour. As mathematical modelling and computer simulation have been employed to understand electrochemical phenomena in brain science, we considered that a similar approach might be applicable to describe the dynamics of epidermal electrochemical phenomena associated with barrier homeostasis. Such methodology would also be potentially useful to address a number of difficult problems in clinical dermatology, such as ageing and itching. Although this work is at a very early stage, in this essay, we discuss the background to our approach and we present some preliminary results of simulation of barrier recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan; Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan
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22
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Ferrandiz-Huertas C, Mathivanan S, Wolf CJ, Devesa I, Ferrer-Montiel A. Trafficking of ThermoTRP Channels. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:525-64. [PMID: 25257900 PMCID: PMC4194048 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRP channels (thermoTRPs) define a subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are activated by changes in the environmental temperature, from noxious cold to injurious heat. Acting as integrators of several stimuli and signalling pathways, dysfunction of these channels contributes to several pathological states. The surface expression of thermoTRPs is controlled by both, the constitutive and regulated vesicular trafficking. Modulation of receptor surface density during pathological processes is nowadays considered as an interesting therapeutic approach for management of diseases, such as chronic pain, in which an increased trafficking is associated with the pathological state. This review will focus on the recent advances trafficking of the thermoTRP channels, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8 and TRPA1, into/from the plasma membrane. Particularly, regulated membrane insertion of thermoTRPs channels contributes to a fine tuning of final channel activity, and indeed, it has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches with successful clinical results such as disruption of SNARE-dependent exocytosis by botulinum toxin or botulinomimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakthikumar Mathivanan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Christoph Jakob Wolf
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Isabel Devesa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
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23
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Busse D, Kudella P, Grüning NM, Gisselmann G, Ständer S, Luger T, Jacobsen F, Steinsträßer L, Paus R, Gkogkolou P, Böhm M, Hatt H, Benecke H. A synthetic sandalwood odorant induces wound-healing processes in human keratinocytes via the olfactory receptor OR2AT4. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2823-2832. [PMID: 24999593 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the outermost barrier of the body, the skin is exposed to multiple environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, mechanical stress, and chemical stimuli such as odorants that are often used in cosmetic articles. Keratinocytes, the major cell type of the epidermal layer, express a variety of different sensory receptors that enable them to react to various environmental stimuli and process information in the skin. Here we report the identification of a novel type of chemoreceptors in human keratinocytes, the olfactory receptors (ORs). We cloned and functionally expressed the cutaneous OR, OR2AT4, and identified Sandalore, a synthetic sandalwood odorant, as an agonist of this receptor. Sandalore induces strong Ca(2+) signals in cultured human keratinocytes, which are mediated by OR2AT4, as demonstrated by receptor knockdown experiments using RNA interference. The activation of OR2AT4 induces a cAMP-dependent pathway and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK). Moreover, the long-term stimulation of keratinocytes with Sandalore positively affected cell proliferation and migration, and regeneration of keratinocyte monolayers in an in vitro wound scratch assay. These findings combined with our studies on human skin organ cultures strongly indicate that the OR 2AT4 is involved in human keratinocyte re-epithelialization during wound-healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Busse
- Department of Cellphysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Kudella
- Department of Cellphysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Günter Gisselmann
- Department of Cellphysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology, Competence Centre Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jacobsen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Steinsträßer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paraskevi Gkogkolou
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Böhm
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cellphysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Heike Benecke
- Department of Cellphysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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25
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Gaffal E, Cron M, Glodde N, Tüting T. Anti-inflammatory activity of topical THC in DNFB-mediated mouse allergic contact dermatitis independent of CB1 and CB2 receptors. Allergy 2013; 68:994-1000. [PMID: 23889474 DOI: 10.1111/all.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ∆(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active constituent of Cannabis sativa, exerts its biological effects in part through the G-protein-coupled CB1 and CB2 receptors, which were initially discovered in brain and spleen tissue, respectively. However, THC also has CB1/2 receptor-independent effects. Because of its immune-inhibitory potential, THC and related cannabinoids are being considered for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Here we investigated the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of THC and the role of CB1 and CB2 receptors. METHODS We evaluated the impact of topically applied THC on DNFB-mediated allergic contact dermatitis in wild-type and CB1/2 receptor-deficient mice. We performed immunohistochemical analyses for infiltrating immune cells and studied the influence of THC on the interaction between T cells, keratinocytes and myeloid immune cells in vitro. RESULTS Topical THC application effectively decreased contact allergic ear swelling and myeloid immune cell infiltration not only in wild-type but also in CB1/2 receptor-deficient mice. We found that THC (1) inhibited the production of IFNγ by T cells, (2) decreased the production of CCL2 and of IFNγ-induced CCL8 and CXL10 by epidermal keratinocytes and (3) thereby limited the recruitment of myeloid immune cells in vitro in a CB1/2 receptor-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS Topically applied THC can effectively attenuate contact allergic inflammation by decreasing keratinocyte-derived pro-inflammatory mediators that orchestrate myeloid immune cell infiltration independent of CB1/2 receptors. This has important implications for the future development of strategies to harness cannabinoids for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gaffal
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - M. Cron
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - N. Glodde
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - T. Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
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26
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Treede RD, Wagner T, Kern KU, Husstedt IW, Arendt G, Birklein F, Cegla T, Freynhagen R, Gockel HH, Heskamp ML, Jager H, Joppich R, Maier C, Leffler A, Nagelein HH, Rolke R, Seddigh S, Sommer C, Stander S, Wasner G, Baron R. Mechanism- and experience-based strategies to optimize treatment response to the capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch in patients with localized neuropathic pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29:527-38. [PMID: 23444968 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2013.781019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch is an emergent new treatment option for patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. In randomized controlled clinical studies relevant pain relief for 12 weeks was achieved in about one third of patients following a single application. The first part of this paper is a review of the pathophysiology, pharmacology, and published clinical trials with the capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch. The second part reports on outcomes of an interdisciplinary expert workshop, where new treatment results of three major German pain centers were presented and reviewed with the objectives of obtaining responder rates for different pain syndromes, assessing maintenance of effect under real-life conditions, and giving recommendations for practical care. The 12 week responder rates with pain relief of ≥ 30% were comparable in patients with mononeuropathies (37.9%) and postherpetic neuralgia (38.8%). Similar responder rates were seen in a subgroup of patients with cervical spine radiculopathy and back pain (46.7%). In HIV-associated neuropathy the responder rates were high (47.8%) but lower in patients with other polyneuropathies (17.6%). Response rates were nearly identical after 1 week (46.6%) and 4 weeks (43.3) and dropped only slightly at 12 weeks (37.4%). In a subgroup of 54 patients who underwent a second treatment, efficacy was maintained. Response rates in patients with or without lidocaine pretreatment were comparable. Treatment with the capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch was generally safe and well tolerated. The workshop panel recommended further investigation of opportunities to improve the application procedure and to perform studies on the skin penetration and distribution of capsaicin. A modified quantitative sensory testing (QST) should be developed for clinical practice in order to better understand the correlation of sensory profiles and response to capsaicin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-D Treede
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Myers MI, Peltier AC, Li J. Evaluating dermal myelinated nerve fibers in skin biopsy. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47:1-11. [PMID: 23192899 PMCID: PMC3528842 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been extensive research on small, unmyelinated fibers in the skin, little research has investigated dermal myelinated fibers in comparison. Glabrous, nonhairy skin contains mechanoreceptors that afford a vantage point for observation of myelinated fibers that have previously been seen only with invasively obtained nerve biopsies. This review discusses current morphometric and molecular expression data of normative and pathogenic glabrous skin obtained by various processing and analysis methods for cutaneous myelinated fibers. Recent publications have shed light on the role of glabrous skin biopsy in identifying signs of peripheral neuropathy and as a potential biomarker of distal myelin and mechanoreceptor integrity. The clinical relevance of a better understanding of the role of dermal myelinated nerve terminations in peripheral neuropathy will be addressed in light of recent publications in the growing field of skin biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iliza Myers
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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28
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Abstract
Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is characterized by negative sensory symptoms (thermal and pinprick hypoesthesia) reflecting peripheral deafferentation and positive sensory symptoms and signs (burning pain, allodynia, hyperalgesia), which often dominate the clinical picture. In patients with pure SFN, clinical and neurophysiologic investigation do not show involvement of large myelinated nerve fiber making the diagnosis of SFN challenging in clinical practice. Over the last 15 years, skin biopsy has emerged as a novel tool that readily permits morphometric and qualitative evaluation of somatic and autonomic small nerve fibers. This technique has overcome the limitations of routine neurophysiologic tests to detect the damage of small nerve fibers. The recent availability of normative reference values allowed clinicians to reliably define the diagnosis of SFN in individual patients. This paper reviews usefulness and limitations of skin biopsy and the relationship between degeneration and regeneration of small nerve fibers in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lauria
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Martínez-Salio A. El reto del dolor neuropático. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 139:16-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
During embryonic development, the skin, the largest organ of the human body, and nervous system are both derived from the neuroectoderm. Consequently, several key factors and mechanisms that influence and control central or peripheral nervous system activities are also present and hence involved in various regulatory mechanisms of the skin. Apparently, this is the case for the ion and non-ion selective channels as well. Therefore, in this review, we shall focus on delineating the regulatory roles of the channels in skin physiology and pathophysiology. First, we introduce key cutaneous functions and major characteristics of the channels in question. Then, we systematically detail the involvement of a multitude of channels in such skin processes (e.g. skin barrier formation, maintenance, and repair, immune mechanisms, exocrine secretion) which are mostly defined by cutaneous non-neuronal cell populations. Finally, we close by summarizing data suggesting that selected channels are also involved in skin diseases such as e.g. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, non-melanoma cancers and malignant melanoma, genetic and autoimmune diseases, etc., as well as in skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Oláh
- DE-MTA Lendület Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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31
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Devesa I, Planells-Cases R, Fernández-Ballester G, González-Ros JM, Ferrer-Montiel A, Fernández-Carvajal A. Role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in inflammation and sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2011; 4:67-81. [PMID: 22096371 PMCID: PMC3218746 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a thermoreceptor that responds to noxious temperatures, as well as to chemical agonists, such as vanilloids and protons. In addition, its channel activity is notably potentiated by proinflammatory mediators released upon tissue damage. The TRPV1 contribution to sensory neuron sensitization by proalgesic agents has signaled this receptor as a prime target for analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug intervention. However, TRPV1 antagonists have notably failed in clinical and preclinical studies because of their unwanted side effects. Recent reports have unveiled previously unrecognized anti-inflammatory and protective functions of TRPV1 in several diseases. For instance, this channel has been suggested to play an anti-inflammatory role in sepsis. Therefore, the use of potent TRPV1 antagonists as a general strategy to treat inflammation must be cautiously considered, given the deleterious effects that may arise from inhibiting the population of channels that have a protective function. The use of TRPV1 antagonists may be limited to treating those pathologies where enhanced receptor activity contributes to the inflamed state. Alternatively, therapeutic paradigms, such as reduction of inflammatory-mediated increase of receptor expression in the cell surface, may be a better strategy to prevent abrogation of the TRPV1 subpopulation involved in anti-inflammatory and protective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Devesa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante
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