1
|
Fenollosa E, Munné-Bosch S, Pintó-Marijuan M. Contrasting phenotypic plasticity in the photoprotective strategies of the invasive species Carpobrotus edulis and the coexisting native species Crithmum maritimum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:185-200. [PMID: 28058723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective strategies vary greatly within the plant kingdom and reflect a plant's physiological status and capacity to cope with environment variations. The plasticity and intensity of these responses may determine plant success. Invasive species are reported to show increased vigor to displace native species. Describing the mechanisms that confer such vigor is essential to understanding the success of invasive species. We performed an experiment whereby two species were monitored: Carpobrotus edulis, an aggressive invasive species in the Mediterranean basin, and Crithmum maritimum, a coexisting native species in the Cap de Creus Natural Park (NE Spain). We analyzed their photoprotective responses to seasonal environmental dynamics by comparing the capacity of the invader to respond to the local environmental stresses throughout the year. Our study analyses ecophysiological markers and photoprotective strategies to gain an insight into the success of invaders. We found that both species showed completely different but effective photoprotective strategies: in summer, C. edulis took special advantage of the xanthophyll cycle, whereas the success of C. maritimum in summer stemmed from morphological changes and alterations on β-carotene content. Winter also presented differences between the species, as the native showed reduced Fv /Fm ratios. Our experimental design allowed us to introduce a new approach to compare phenotypic plasticity: the integrated phenotypic plasticity index (PPint ), defined as the maximum Euclidian distance between phenotypes, using a combination of different variables to describe them. This index revealed significantly greater phenotypic plasticity in the invasive species compared to the native species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pintó-Marijuan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peguero-Pina JJ, Sisó S, Fernández-Marín B, Flexas J, Galmés J, García-Plazaola JI, Niinemets Ü, Sancho-Knapik D, Gil-Pelegrín E. Leaf functional plasticity decreases the water consumption without further consequences for carbon uptake in Quercus coccifera L. under Mediterranean conditions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:356-67. [PMID: 26705310 PMCID: PMC4885942 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of epicuticular waxes over stomata in Quercus coccifera L. contributes to a severe reduction in maximum stomatal conductance (g s,max) under Mediterranean (MED) conditions. However, this phenomenon was not observed in this species under temperate (TEM) conditions, which could lead to differences in the ability to assimilate CO2 between the sites. We hypothesise that the overall importance of such a reduction in gs,max on photosynthesis is modulated by other factors affecting carbon gain, mainly mesophyll conductance to CO2 (g m), through a plastic response to changes in environmental conditions (i.e., vapour pressure deficit, VPD, and mean daily quantum flux density, Q int). The results reveal that leaves grown at the TEM site did not show an increased ability for net CO2 assimilation (A N), mainly due to an equal gm at both sites. This fact is explained by a trade-off between an increased conductance of the gas phase (g ias) and a reduced conductance of the liquid phase (g liq) at the TEM site compared with the MED site. In spite of the reduction in gs,max at the MED site, transpiration (E) did not diminish during midsummer to the levels of the TEM site due to a higher VPD found at the MED site, yielding a higher water use efficiency (AN/E) at the TEM site. Moreover, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency was also higher at the TEM site, indicating these leaves can reach similar values of AN with lower nitrogen investment that those at the MED site. These results suggest that Q. coccifera does not always use the main resources (water and nutrients) at leaf level as efficiently as possible. Moreover, the different patterns of resource use (in particular N), together with the functional plasticity, cannot overcome the morpho-functional constraints that limit photosynthetic activity, even under potentially favourable conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Sisó
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Institute of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN, Vetoshkina DV, Lubimov VY, Fedorchuk TP, Naydov IA, Kozuleva MA, Rudenko NN, Dall'Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Bassi R. Long-term acclimatory response to excess excitation energy: evidence for a role of hydrogen peroxide in the regulation of photosystem II antenna size. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7151-64. [PMID: 26324464 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants possess the ability to trigger a long-term acclimatory response to different environmental light conditions through the regulation of the light-harvesting antenna size of photosystem II. The present study provides an insight into the molecular nature of the signal which initiates the high light-mediated response of a reduction in antenna size. Using barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants, it is shown (i) that the light-harvesting antenna size is not reduced in high light with a low hydrogen peroxide content in the leaves; and (ii) that a decrease in the antenna size is observed in low light in the presence of an elevated concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the ability to reduce the antenna size of photosystem II in high light is restricted to photosynthetic apparatus with a reduced level of the plastoquinone pool and with a low hydrogen peroxide content. Conversely, the reduction of antenna size in low light is induced in photosynthetic apparatus possessing elevated hydrogen peroxide even when the reduction level of the plastoquinone pool is low. Hydrogen peroxide affects the relative abundance of the antenna proteins that modulate the antenna size of photosystem II through a down-regulation of the corresponding lhcb mRNA levels. This work shows that hydrogen peroxide contributes to triggering the photosynthetic apparatus response for the reduction of the antenna size of photosystem II by being the molecular signal for the long-term acclimation of plants to high light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daria V Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Valeriy Y Lubimov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Tatyana P Fedorchuk
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ilya A Naydov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia N Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
García-Plazaola JI, Rojas R, Christie DA, Coopman RE. Photosynthetic responses of trees in high-elevation forests: comparing evergreen species along an elevation gradient in the Central Andes. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv058. [PMID: 26002745 PMCID: PMC4512032 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth at extremely high elevations is constrained by high daily thermal amplitude, strong solar radiation and water scarcity. These conditions are particularly harsh in the tropics, where the highest elevation treelines occur. In this environment, the maintenance of a positive carbon balance involves protecting the photosynthetic apparatus and taking advantage of any climatically favourable periods. To characterize photoprotective mechanisms at such high elevations, and particularly to address the question of whether these mechanisms are the same as those previously described in woody plants along extratropical treelines, we have studied photosynthetic responses in Polylepis tarapacana Philippi in the central Andes (18°S) along an elevational gradient from 4300 to 4900 m. For comparative purposes, this gradient has been complemented with a lower elevation site (3700 m) where another Polylepis species (P. rugulosa Bitter) occurs. During the daily cycle, two periods of photosynthetic activity were observed: one during the morning when, despite low temperatures, assimilation was high; and the second starting at noon when the stomata closed because of a rise in the vapour pressure deficit and thermal dissipation is prevalent over photosynthesis. From dawn to noon there was a decrease in the content of antenna pigments (chlorophyll b and neoxanthin), together with an increase in the content of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids. These results could be caused by a reduction in the antenna size along with an increase in photoprotection. Additionally, photoprotection was enhanced by a partial overnight retention of de-epoxized xanthophylls. The unique combination of all of these mechanisms made possible the efficient use of the favourable conditions during the morning while still providing enough protection for the rest of the day. This strategy differs completely from that of extratropical mountain trees, which uncouple light-harvesting and energy-use during long periods of unfavourable, winter conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José I García-Plazaola
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roke Rojas
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología para la Conservación de Bosques, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Duncan A Christie
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR), Chile
| | - Rafael E Coopman
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología para la Conservación de Bosques, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Esteban R, Barrutia O, Artetxe U, Fernández-Marín B, Hernández A, García-Plazaola JI. Internal and external factors affecting photosynthetic pigment composition in plants: a meta-analytical approach. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:268-280. [PMID: 25414007 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment composition has been a major study target in plant ecophysiology during the last three decades. Although more than 2000 papers have been published, a comprehensive evaluation of the responses of photosynthetic pigment composition to environmental conditions is not yet available. After an extensive survey, we compiled data from 525 papers including 809 species (subkingdom Viridiplantae) in which pigment composition was described. A meta-analysis was then conducted to assess the ranges of photosynthetic pigment content. Calculated frequency distributions of pigments were compared with those expected from the theoretical pigment composition. Responses to environmental factors were also analysed. The results revealed that lutein and xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) were highly responsive to the environment, emphasizing the high phenotypic plasticity of VAZ, whereas neoxanthin was very stable. The present meta-analysis supports the existence of relatively narrow limits for pigment ratios and also supports the presence of a pool of free 'unbound' VAZ. Results from this study provide highly reliable ranges of photosynthetic pigment contents as a framework for future research on plant pigments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, IdAB-CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarre, E-31192, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oihana Barrutia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Unai Artetxe
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Institute of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Havaux M, García-Plazaola JI. Beyond Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching: The Overlapping Antioxidant Functions of Zeaxanthin and Tocopherols. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|