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Simkin AJ, Kapoor L, Doss CGP, Hofmann TA, Lawson T, Ramamoorthy S. The role of photosynthesis related pigments in light harvesting, photoprotection and enhancement of photosynthetic yield in planta. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:23-42. [PMID: 35064531 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus. Chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins are the prime photosynthetic pigments which facilitate efficient light absorption in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The chlorophyll family plays a vital role in light harvesting by absorbing light at different wavelengths and allowing photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different environments, either in the long-term or during transient changes in light. Carotenoids play diverse roles in photosynthesis, including light capture and as crucial antioxidants to reduce photodamage and photoinhibition. In the marine habitat, phycobilins capture a wide spectrum of light and have allowed cyanobacteria and red algae to colonise deep waters where other frequencies of light are attenuated by the water column. In this review, we discuss the potential strategies that photosynthetic pigments provide, coupled with development of molecular biological techniques, to improve crop yields through enhanced light harvesting, increased photoprotection and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Leepica Kapoor
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanja A Hofmann
- OSFC, Scrivener Drive, Pinewood, Ipswich, IP8 3SU, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Agostini A, Büchel C, Di Valentin M, Carbonera D. A distinctive pathway for triplet-triplet energy transfer photoprotection in fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins from Cyclotella meneghiniana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148310. [PMID: 32991847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins (FCPs) are the major light-harvesting complexes of diatoms. In this work, FCPs isolated from Cyclotella meneghiniana have been studied by means of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR), with the aim to characterize the photoprotective mechanism based on triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET). The spectroscopic properties of the chromophores carrying the triplet state have been interpreted on the basis of a delved analysis of the recently solved crystallographic structures of FCP. The results point toward a photoprotective role for two fucoxanthin molecules exposed to the exterior of the FCP monomers. This shows that FCP has adopted a structural strategy different from that of related light-harvesting complexes from plants and other microalgae, in which the photoprotective role is carried out by two highly conserved carotenoids in the interior of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Agostini A, Dal Farra MG, Paulsen H, Polimeno A, Orian L, Di Valentin M, Carbonera D. Similarity and Specificity of Chlorophyll b Triplet State in Comparison to Chlorophyll a as Revealed by EPR/ENDOR and DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8232-8239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Giulia Dal Farra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonino Polimeno
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Zoschke R, Chotewutmontri P, Barkan A. Translation and Co-translational Membrane Engagement of Plastid-encoded Chlorophyll-binding Proteins Are Not Influenced by Chlorophyll Availability in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:385. [PMID: 28400776 PMCID: PMC5368244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is an indispensable constituent of the photosynthetic machinery in green organisms. Bound by apoproteins of photosystems I and II, chlorophyll performs light-harvesting and charge separation. Due to the phototoxic nature of free chlorophyll and its precursors, chlorophyll synthesis is regulated to comply with the availability of nascent chlorophyll-binding apoproteins. Conversely, the synthesis and co-translational insertion of such proteins into the thylakoid membrane have been suggested to be influenced by chlorophyll availability. In this study, we addressed these hypotheses by using ribosome profiling to examine the synthesis and membrane targeting of chlorophyll-binding apoproteins in chlorophyll-deficient chlH maize mutants (Zm-chlH). ChlH encodes the H subunit of the magnesium chelatase (also known as GUN5), which catalyzes the first committed step in chlorophyll synthesis. Our results show that the number and distribution of ribosomes on plastid mRNAs encoding chlorophyll-binding apoproteins are not substantially altered in Zm-chlH mutants, suggesting that chlorophyll has no impact on ribosome dynamics. Additionally, a Zm-chlH mutation does not change the amino acid position at which nascent chlorophyll-binding apoproteins engage the thylakoid membrane, nor the efficiency with which membrane-engagement occurs. Together, these results provide evidence that chlorophyll availability does not selectively activate the translation of plastid mRNAs encoding chlorophyll apoproteins. Our results imply that co- or post-translational proteolysis of apoproteins is the primary mechanism that adjusts apoprotein abundance to chlorophyll availability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Reimo Zoschke,
| | | | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, EugeneOR, USA
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Esteban R, Barrutia O, Artetxe U, Fernández-Marín B, Hernández A, García-Plazaola JI. Internal and external factors affecting photosynthetic pigment composition in plants: a meta-analytical approach. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:268-280. [PMID: 25414007 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment composition has been a major study target in plant ecophysiology during the last three decades. Although more than 2000 papers have been published, a comprehensive evaluation of the responses of photosynthetic pigment composition to environmental conditions is not yet available. After an extensive survey, we compiled data from 525 papers including 809 species (subkingdom Viridiplantae) in which pigment composition was described. A meta-analysis was then conducted to assess the ranges of photosynthetic pigment content. Calculated frequency distributions of pigments were compared with those expected from the theoretical pigment composition. Responses to environmental factors were also analysed. The results revealed that lutein and xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) were highly responsive to the environment, emphasizing the high phenotypic plasticity of VAZ, whereas neoxanthin was very stable. The present meta-analysis supports the existence of relatively narrow limits for pigment ratios and also supports the presence of a pool of free 'unbound' VAZ. Results from this study provide highly reliable ranges of photosynthetic pigment contents as a framework for future research on plant pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, IdAB-CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarre, E-31192, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oihana Barrutia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Unai Artetxe
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Institute of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Ohmiya A, Hirashima M, Yagi M, Tanase K, Yamamizo C. Identification of genes associated with chlorophyll accumulation in flower petals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113738. [PMID: 25470367 PMCID: PMC4254739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have an ability to prevent chlorophyll accumulation, which would mask the bright flower color, in their petals. In contrast, leaves contain substantial amounts of chlorophyll, as it is essential for photosynthesis. The mechanisms of organ-specific chlorophyll accumulation are unknown. To identify factors that determine the chlorophyll content in petals, we compared the expression of genes related to chlorophyll metabolism in different stages of non-green (red and white) petals (very low chlorophyll content), pale-green petals (low chlorophyll content), and leaves (high chlorophyll content) of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). The expression of many genes encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes, in particular Mg-chelatase, was lower in non-green petals than in leaves. Non-green petals also showed higher expression of genes involved in chlorophyll degradation, including STAY-GREEN gene and pheophytinase. These data suggest that the absence of chlorophylls in carnation petals may be caused by the low rate of chlorophyll biosynthesis and high rate of degradation. Similar results were obtained by the analysis of Arabidopsis microarray data. In carnation, most genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis were expressed at similar levels in pale-green petals and leaves, whereas the expression of chlorophyll catabolic genes was higher in pale-green petals than in leaves. Therefore, we hypothesize that the difference in chlorophyll content between non-green and pale-green petals is due to different levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Our study provides a basis for future molecular and genetic studies on organ-specific chlorophyll accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Ohmiya
- National Institute of Floricultural Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fujimoto 2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masumi Hirashima
- National Institute of Floricultural Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fujimoto 2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yagi
- National Institute of Floricultural Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fujimoto 2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
| | - Koji Tanase
- National Institute of Floricultural Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fujimoto 2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamamizo
- National Institute of Floricultural Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fujimoto 2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
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