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Wang T, Xing G, Fu T, Ma Y, Wang Q, Zhang S, Chang X, Tong Y. Role of mitochondria in doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:349-357. [PMID: 38485043 PMCID: PMC10999808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of mitochondria in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, a significant complication limiting the clinical use of this potent anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent. Doxorubicin, while effective against various malignancies, is associated with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, potentially leading to irreversible cardiac damage. The review meticulously dissects the molecular mechanisms underpinning this cardiotoxicity, particularly focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction, a central player in this adverse effect. Central to the discussion is the concept of mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission balance) and mitophagy. The review presents evidence linking aberrations in these processes to cardiotoxicity in doxorubicin-treated patients. It elucidates how doxorubicin disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, leading to an imbalance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, and impairs mitophagy, culminating in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and subsequent cardiac cell damage. Furthermore, the review explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. It highlights the potential of modulating mitochondrial dynamics and enhancing mitophagy to mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage. These strategies include pharmacological interventions with mitochondrial fission inhibitors, fusion promoters, and agents that modulate mitophagy. The review underscores the promising results from preclinical studies while advocating for more extensive clinical trials to validate these approaches in human patients. In conclusion, this review offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity. It underscores the need for continued research into targeted mitochondrial therapies as a means to improve the cardiac safety profile of doxorubicin, thereby enhancing the overall treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianen Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guoli Xing
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Aryan A, Aghajanpour F, Dashtdar M, Hejazi F, Salimi M, Afshar A, Soltani R, Seyed Hasani AH, Aliaghaei A, Abbaszadeh HA, Mahmoodi H, Zahedi L, Abdollahifar MA, Fadaei Fathabadi F. Exploring Intercellular Dynamics: Ultra-Weak Biophoton Emission as a Novel Indicator of Altered Cell Functions and Disease in Oligospermia Mice. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e65. [PMID: 38318218 PMCID: PMC10843233 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Biophoton emission, the spontaneous release of photons from living cells, has emerged as an attractive field of research in the study of biological systems. Scientists have recently discovered that changes in biophoton emission could serve as potential indicators of pathological conditions. This intriguing phenomenon suggests that cells might communicate and interact with each other through the exchange of these faint but significant light signals. Therefore, the present study introduces intercellular relationships with biophoton release to detect normal and abnormal cell functions to further achieve cellular interactions by focusing on cell and cell arrangement in disease conditions. Methods: Twenty male mice were assigned to control and busulfan groups. Five weeks after the injection of busulfan, the testis was removed, and then the stereological techniques and TUNEL assay were applied to estimate the histopathology of the testis tissue sections. Results: The findings revealed that the ultra-weak biophoton emission in the control group was significantly lower than in the busulfan group. The oligospermia mice model showed that it significantly changed the spatial arrangement of testicular cells and notably decreased the testis volume, length of seminiferous tubules, and the number of testicular cells. The results of the TUNEL assay showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in the busulfan group. Conclusion: The ultra-weak biophoton emission from testis tissue was reduced in oligospermia mice. As a result, the decline of ultra-weak biophoton can indicate a change in cell arrangement, a decrease in intercellular interaction, and eventually disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Aryan
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Rasht University of Medical Sciences, Gilan, Iran
| | - Fakhroddin Aghajanpour
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hejazi
- Department of Advanced Technology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Afshar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Soltani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Hasan Seyed Hasani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Mahmoodi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zahedi
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Zhao P, Guo C, Du H, Xiao Y, Su J, Wang X, Yeung WSB, Li G, Wang T. Chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and protective strategies. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:887-900. [PMID: 38054300 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2275764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 9.2 million women worldwide suffer from cancer, and about 5% of them are at reproductive age. Chemotherapy-induced impairment of fertility affects the quality of life of these women. Several chemotherapeutic agents have been proven to cause apoptosis and autophagy by inducing DNA damage and cellular stress. Injuries to the ovarian stroma and micro-vessel network are also considered as pivotal factors resulting in ovarian dysfunction induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Primordial follicle pool over-activation may also be the mechanism inducing damage to the ovarian reserve. Although many studies have explored the mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity, the exact molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. It is essential to understand the mechanisms involved in ovarian damage, in order to develop potential protective treatments to preserve fertility. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and possible protective strategies that prevent the ovary from such damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Huijia Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jiaping Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Willian S B Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Tianren Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
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4
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Yu X, Yang Y, Chen T, Wang Y, Guo T, Liu Y, Li H, Yang L. Cell death regulation in myocardial toxicity induced by antineoplastic drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1075917. [PMID: 36824370 PMCID: PMC9941345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1075917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic regulation of cardiomyocytes plays a critical role in maintaining normal physiological activity of cardiac tissue. Severe cardiotoxicity can lead to heart disease, including but not limited to arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and cardiac hypertrophy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing new therapies for cancer that have dramatically changed the treatment of several malignancies and continue to improve patient survival, but can also lead to serious cardiac adverse effects. Mitochondria are key organelles that maintain homeostasis in myocardial tissue and have been extensively involved in various cardiovascular disease episodes, including ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure and stroke. Several studies support that mitochondrial targeting is a major determinant of the cardiotoxic effects triggered by chemotherapeutic agents increasingly used in solid and hematologic tumors. This antineoplastic therapy-induced mitochondrial toxicity is due to different mechanisms, usually altering the mitochondrial respiratory chain, energy production and mitochondrial kinetics, or inducing mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress, ultimately leading to cell death. This review focuses on recent advances in forms of cardiac cell death and related mechanisms of antineoplastic drug-induced cardiotoxicity, including autophagy, ferroptosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, explores and evaluates key proteins involved in cardiac cell death signaling, and presents recent advances in cardioprotective strategies for this disease. It aims to provide theoretical basis and targets for the prevention and treatment of pharmacological cardiotoxicity in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianzuo Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Liming Yang, ; Hong Li,
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China,*Correspondence: Liming Yang, ; Hong Li,
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5
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Angelotti A, Snoke DB, Ormiston K, Cole RM, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Orchard TS, Belury MA. Potential Cardioprotective Effects and Lipid Mediator Differences in Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplemented Mice Given Chemotherapy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090782. [PMID: 36144189 PMCID: PMC9505633 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many commonly used chemotherapies induce mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac muscle, which leads to cardiotoxicity and heart failure later in life. Dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) have demonstrated cardioprotective function in non-chemotherapy models of heart failure, potentially through the formation of LC n-3 PUFA-derived bioactive lipid metabolites. However, it is unknown whether dietary supplementation with LC n-3 PUFA can protect against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. To test this, 36 female ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice were randomized in a two-by-two factorial design to either a low (0 g/kg EPA + DHA) or high (12.2 g/kg EPA + DHA) LC n-3 PUFA diet, and received either two vehicle or two chemotherapy (9 mg/kg anthracycline + 90 mg/kg cyclophosphamide) tail vein injections separated by two weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured as well as heart gene expression and fatty acid composition. Heart mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. Mitochondrial isolate oxylipin and N-acylethanolamide levels were measured by mass spectrometry after alkaline hydrolysis. LC n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuated some chemotherapy-induced differences (Myh7, Col3a1) in heart gene expression, and significantly altered various lipid species in cardiac mitochondrial preparations including several epoxy fatty acids [17(18)-EpETE] and N-acylethanolamines (arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), suggesting a possible functional link between heart lipids and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Angelotti
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deena B. Snoke
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kate Ormiston
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rachel M. Cole
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John W. Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tonya S. Orchard
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Chen M, Liang Z, Fan X, Qu R, Wang H, Chen T. A ratiometric ESIPT fluorescent probe for detection of anticancer-associated H 2O 2 level in vitro and in vivo. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 276:121163. [PMID: 35378493 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ROS is a significant factor in the cancer treatment mechanism. The monitoring anticancer-associated H2O2 level plays a vital role in the anticancer mechanistic exploration in pathology and physiology. Herein we synthesized a ratiometric fluorescent probe (HBQ-L) to detect and image H2O2 based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer. HBQ-L had a high sensitivity (231-fold) with a low detection limit (28.5 nM) for monitoring H2O2 in solution. HBQ-L showed good mitochondrial-targeting and successfully detected both exo-/endogenous H2O2 in A549 cells. Furthermore, HBQ-L was used to ratiometric monitor H2O2 level in anticancer reagent DOX-treated cells or zebrafish. Importantly, it was employed to access the monitoring H2O2 in the A549 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhenhao Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Xuhong Fan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Rumeng Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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7
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Mitochondrial-Targeted Therapy for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031912. [PMID: 35163838 PMCID: PMC8837080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, but their clinical use is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Despite decades of research, treatment options remain limited. The mitochondria is commonly considered to be the main target of doxorubicin and mitochondrial dysfunction is the hallmark of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we review the pathogenic mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and present an update on cardioprotective strategies for this disorder. Specifically, we focus on strategies that can protect the mitochondria and cover different therapeutic modalities encompassing small molecules, post-transcriptional regulators, and mitochondrial transfer. We also discuss the shortcomings of existing models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and explore advances in the use of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes as a platform to facilitate the identification of novel treatments against this disorder.
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8
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Hafez AA, Jamali Z, Samiei S, Khezri S, Salimi A. Reduction of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage by betanin in rat isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2123-2134. [PMID: 34105389 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211022800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug which is used for treatment of several types of cancers. But the clinical use of doxorubicin is limited because of its cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress and cardiac inflammation appear to be involved in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Betanin as a bioactive compound in Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) displays anti-radical, antioxidant gene regulatory and cardioprotective activities. In this current study, we investigated the protective effect of betanin on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress in isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria. Isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria were treated with three concentrations of betanin (1, 5 and 10 µM) and doxorubicin (3.5 µM) for 6 h. The parameters of cellular and mitochondrial toxicity were analyzed using biochemical and flow cytometric methods. Our results showed a significant toxicity in isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria in presence of doxorubicin which was related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), increase in oxidation of GSH to GSSG, lysosomal/mitochondrial damages and mitochondrial swelling. While betanin pretreatment reverted doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria. These results suggest that betanin elicited a typical protective effect on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. It is possible that betanin could be used as a useful adjuvant in combination with doxorubicin chemotherapy for reduction of cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hafez
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - S Samiei
- School of Medicine, Kordestan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - S Khezri
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - A Salimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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9
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Ma X, Hu H. The Influence of Cell Cycle Regulation on Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6923. [PMID: 34203270 PMCID: PMC8267727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is orchestrated by a complex network of interactions between proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and cell cycle signaling pathways, and is vital for cell proliferation, growth, and repair. The occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the cell cycle. Cell cycle regulation can be synergistic with chemotherapy in two aspects: inhibition or promotion. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be improved with the cooperation of cell cycle regulation strategies. This review presented the mechanism of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and the effect of the cell cycle on tumorigenesis and development, and the interaction between chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation in cancer treatment was briefly introduced. The current collaborative strategies of chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of combination strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Qingdao Institute of Measurement Technology, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
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10
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Huang Y, Wang T, Tan Q, He D, Wu M, Fan J, Yang J, Zhong C, Li K, Zhang J. Smart Stimuli-Responsive and Mitochondria Targeting Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4117-4146. [PMID: 34163163 PMCID: PMC8214531 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in the mitochondria (Mc) contributes to tumor progression. It is a major challenge to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to the Mc for precise treatment. Smart drug delivery systems are based on stimuli-responsiveness and active targeting. Here, we give a whole list of documented pathways to achieve smart stimuli-responsive (St-) and Mc-targeted DDSs (St-Mc-DDSs) by combining St and Mc targeting strategies. We present the formulations, targeting characteristics of St-Mc-DDSs and clarify their anti-cancer mechanisms as well as improvement in efficacy and safety. St-Mc-DDSs usually not only have Mc-targeting groups, molecules (lipophilic cations, peptides, and aptamers) or materials but also sense the surrounding environment and correspondingly respond to internal biostimulators such as pH, redox changes, enzyme and glucose, and/or externally applied triggers such as light, magnet, temperature and ultrasound. St-Mc-DDSs exquisitely control the action site, increase therapeutic efficacy and decrease side effects of the drug. We summarize the clinical research progress and propose suggestions for follow-up research. St-Mc-DDSs may be an innovative and sensitive precision medicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Huang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, PLA, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Fan
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailing Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Nonaka M, Hosoda H, Uezono Y. Cancer treatment-related cardiovascular disease: Current status and future research priorities. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114599. [PMID: 33989656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of new drugs, such as molecular-targeted drugs, and multidisciplinary therapies, cancer treatment outcomes have improved, and the number of cancer survivors is increasing every year. However, some chemotherapeutic agents cause cardiovascular complications (cancer treatment-related cardiovascular disease, CTRCVD), which affect the life prognosis and quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients. Therefore, it is necessary to select treatment methods that take into account the prognosis and QOL of cancer patients, and to take measures against CTRCVD. The mechanism of cardiotoxicity of high-risk drugs, such as doxorubicin and HER2 inhibitors, are still unclear; genetic factors, and cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes) are associated with CTRCVD progression. The establishment of methods for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of CTRCVD and the generation of evidence for these methods are needed. It is also necessary to develop screening methods for chemotherapy cardiotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the current status of CTRCVD, its complications, and expected countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nonaka
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan(1)
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1, Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita-City, Osaka 564-8565, Japan(1)
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan(1); Department of Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Supportive and Palliative Care Research Support Office, National Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; Project for Supportive Care Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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12
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Sallustio BC, Boddy AV. Is there scope for better individualisation of anthracycline cancer chemotherapy? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:295-305. [PMID: 33118175 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are used to treat solid and haematological cancers, particularly breast cancers, lymphomas and childhood cancers. Myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity are the primary toxicities that limit treatment duration and/or intensity. Cardiotoxicity, particularly heart failure, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Cumulative anthracycline dose is a significant predictor of cardiotoxicity risk, suggesting a role for anthracycline pharmacokinetic variability. Population pharmacokinetic modelling in children has shown that doxorubicin clearance in the very young is significantly lower than in older children, potentially contributing to their higher risk of cardiotoxicity. A model of doxorubicin clearance based on body surface area and age offers a patient-centred dose-adjustment strategy that may replace the current disparate initial-dose selection tools, providing a rational way to compensate for pharmacokinetic variability in children aged <7 years. Population pharmacokinetic models in adults have not adequately addressed older ages, obesity, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and potential drug-drug interactions to enable clinical application. Although candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have investigated relationships between genetic variability and anthracycline pharmacokinetics or clinical outcomes, there have been few clinically significant reproducible associations. Precision-dosing of anthracyclines is currently hindered by lack of clinically useful pharmacokinetic targets and models that predict cumulative anthracycline exposures. Combined with known risk factors for cardiotoxicity, the use of advanced echocardiography and biomarkers, future validated pharmacokinetic targets and predictive models could facilitate anthracycline precision dosing that truly maximises efficacy and provides individualised early intervention with cardioprotective therapies in patients at risk of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta C Sallustio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alan V Boddy
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Rocca C, Pasqua T, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Cardiac Damage in Anthracyclines Therapy: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1081-1097. [PMID: 31928066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their serious side effects, anthracyclines (ANTs) are the most prescribed chemotherapeutic drugs because of their strong efficacy in both solid and hematological tumors. A major limitation to ANTs clinical application is the severe cardiotoxicity observed both acutely and chronically. The mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction under chemotherapy is mainly dependent on the generation of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, both of which lead to progressive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Recent Advances: Over the years, the iatrogenic ANTs-induced cardiotoxicity was believed to be simply given by iron metabolism and reactive oxygen species production; however, several experimental data indicate that ANTs may use alternative damaging mechanisms, such as topoisomerase 2β inhibition, inflammation, pyroptosis, immunometabolism, and autophagy. Critical Issues: In this review, we aimed at discussing ANTs-induced cardiac injury from different points of view, updating and focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation, since these pathways are not exclusive or independent from each other but they together importantly contribute to the complexity of ANTs-induced multifactorial cardiotoxicity. Future Directions: A deeper understanding of the mechanistic signaling leading to ANTs side effects could reveal crucial targeting molecules, thus representing strategic knowledge to promote better therapeutic efficacy and lower cardiotoxicity during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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Li X, Xu G, Wei S, Zhang B, Yao H, Chen Y, Liu W, Wang B, Zhao J, Gao Y. Lingguizhugan decoction attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart failure in rats by improving TT-SR microstructural remodeling. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:360. [PMID: 31829159 PMCID: PMC6907350 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZG), an ancient Chinese herbal formula, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in eastern Asia. We investigated whether LGZG has protective activity and the mechanism underlying its effect in an animal model of heart failure (HF). METHODS A rat model of HF was established by administering eight intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (DOX) (cumulative dose of 16 mg/kg) over a 4-week period. Subsequently, LGZG at 5, 10, and 15 mL/kg/d was administered to the rats intragastrically once daily for 4 weeks. The body weight, heart weight index (HWI), heart weight/tibia length ratio (HW/TL), and serum BNP level were investigated to assess the effect of LGZG on HF. Echocardiography was performed to investigate cardiac function, and H&E staining to visualize myocardial morphology. Myocardial ultrastructure and T-tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum (TT-SR) junctions were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The JP-2 protein level was determined by Western blotting. The mRNA level of CACNA1S and RyR2 and the microRNA-24 (miR-24) level were assayed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Four weeks after DOX treatment, rats developed cardiac damage and exhibited a significantly increased BNP level compared with the control rats (169.6 ± 29.6 pg/mL versus 80.1 ± 9.8 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Conversely, LGZG, especially at the highest dose, markedly reduced the BNP level (93.8 ± 17.9 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Rats treated with DOX developed cardiac dysfunction, characterized by a strong decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction compared with the control (58.5 ± 8.7% versus 88.7 ± 4.0%; P < 0.001). Digoxin and LGZG improved cardiac dysfunction (79.6 ± 6.1%, 69.2 ± 2.5%, respectively) and preserved the left ventricular ejection fraction (77.9 ± 5.1, and 80.5 ± 4.9, respectively, P < 0.01). LGZG also improved the LVEDD, LVESD, and FS and eliminated ventricular hypertrophy, as indicated by decreased HWI and HW/TL ratio. LGZG attenuated morphological abnormalities and mitochondrial damage in the myocardium. In addition, a high dose of LGZG significantly downregulated the expression of miR-24 compared with that in DOX-treated rats (fold change 1.4 versus 3.4, P < 0.001), but upregulated the expression of JP-2 and antagonized DOX-induced T-tubule TT-SR microstructural remodeling. These activities improved periodic Ca2+ transients and cell contraction, which may underly the beneficial effect of LGZG on HF. CONCLUSIONS LGZG exerted beneficial effects on DOX-induced HF in rats, which were mediated in part by improved TT-SR microstructural remodeling.
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Tangeretin-Assisted Platinum Nanoparticles Enhance the Apoptotic Properties of Doxorubicin: Combination Therapy for Osteosarcoma Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081089. [PMID: 31362420 PMCID: PMC6723885 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of cancer and the most frequent malignant bone tumor in childhood and adolescence. Nanomedicine has become an indispensable field in biomedical and clinical research, with nanoparticles (NPs) promising to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug against OS; however, it causes severe side effects that restrict its clinical applications. Here, we investigated whether combining platinum NPs (PtNPs) and DOX could increase their anticancer activity in human bone OS epithelial cells (U2OS). PtNPs with nontoxic, effective, thermally stable, and thermoplasmonic properties were synthesized and characterized using tangeretin. We examined the combined effects of PtNPs and DOX on cell viability, proliferation, and morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl content, antioxidants, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) level, apoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expression, oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, and DNA repair genes. PtNPs and DOX significantly inhibited U2OS viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, increasing lactate dehydrogenase leakage, ROS generation, and malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and carbonylated protein levels. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by reduced MMP, decreased ATP levels, and upregulated apoptotic/downregulated antiapoptotic gene expression. Oxidative stress was a major cause of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, confirmed by decreased levels of various antioxidants. Furthermore, PtNPs and DOX increased 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-G levels and induced DNA damage and repair gene expression. Combination of cisplatin and DOX potentially induce apoptosis comparable to PtNPs and DOX. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the combined effects of PtNPs and DOX in OS.
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16
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Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Focus on Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, and Sunitinib. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7582730. [PMID: 29743983 PMCID: PMC5878876 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7582730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer therapies produce toxic side effects whose molecular mechanisms await full elucidation. The most feared and studied side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs is cardiotoxicity. Also, skeletal muscle physiology impairment has been recorded after many chemotherapeutical treatments. However, only doxorubicin has been extensively studied for its side effects on skeletal muscle. Chemotherapeutic-induced adverse side effects are, in many cases, mediated by mitochondrial damage. In particular, trastuzumab and sunitinib toxicity is mainly associated with mitochondria impairment and is mostly reversible. Vice versa, doxorubicin-induced toxicity not only includes mitochondria damage but can also lead to a more robust and extensive cell injury which is often irreversible and lethal. Drugs interfering with mitochondrial functionality determine the depletion of ATP reservoirs and lead to subsequent reversible contractile dysfunction. Mitochondrial damage includes the impairment of the respiratory chain and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with subsequent disruption of cellular energetic. In a context of increased stress, AMPK has a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis, and inhibition of the AMPK pathway is one of the proposed mechanisms possibly mediating mitochondrial toxicity due to chemotherapeutics. Therapies targeting and protecting cell metabolism and energy management might be useful tools in protecting muscular tissues against the toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Savage PD, Dittus K, Lakoski SG. Fitness during Breast Cancer Treatment and Recovery in an Athlete: A Case Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1893-7. [PMID: 27187100 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This is a case study of an aerobically trained, multisport, female athlete (age = 39) diagnosed with stage IIIc human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer. The focus of the study is on measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O2peak) through the course of cancer therapy. METHODS A symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test was performed to determine V˙O2peak. The tests were performed at five different time points: 1) at diagnosis of breast cancer and before initiating chemotherapy, 2) after completion of chemotherapy (5 months postdiagnosis), 3) 2.5 months after bilateral mastectomy surgery (9 months postdiagnosis), 4) immediately after radiation therapy (11 months postdiagnosis), and 5) recovery (32 months postdiagnosis). RESULTS At diagnosis and before initiating chemotherapy, V˙O2peak was 50.1 mL O2·min·kg. The most precipitous decline in fitness, approximately 14%, was observed from initial diagnosis through the completion of chemotherapy. The subject regained 9% of her fitness after chemotherapy, despite an intervening mastectomy surgery. Radiation therapy was associated with an approximately 4% decline in fitness from her postmastectomy surgery value. Ultimately, 32 months after diagnosis and 22 months after the completion of radiation therapy, the subject was able to regain pretreatment fitness levels. CONCLUSION The results of the case study describe the effects of undergoing extensive breast cancer therapy on measures of V˙O2peak for a highly aerobically trained, multisport athlete. In this case, exercise training reversed the decrement in measured V˙O2peak that occurred during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Savage
- 1Hematology and Oncology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT; and 2Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Cardiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Matyjaszczyk K, Kolonko M, Gonciarz-Dytman A, Oszczapowicz I, Łukawska M, Jawień W, Chlopicki S, Walczak M. Effects of structural modification of the daunosamine moiety of anthracycline antibiotics on pKa values determined by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wolosin JM, Zamudio A, Wang Z. Application of JC1 for non-toxic isolation of cells with MDR transporter activity by flow cytometry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174905. [PMID: 28380010 PMCID: PMC5381900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA intercalating dye Hoechst 33342 or its close analog DCV are actively removed from cells by the multidrug resistance transporter ABCG2, a protein overexpressed in metastatic cells and somatic stem cells. In bivariate blue-red flow cytometry fluorescent plots active Hoechst or DCV efflux combined with a concentration dependent bathochromic shifts of these nuclear dyes leads to the segregation of the transporter-rich cells into a distinct cell cohort tilted towards the shorter wavelength axis of the plot, the cohort is generically known as the side population (SP). This feature has facilitated the surface marker-independent isolation of live stem cells. A drawback, though, is the known toxicity of Hoechst dyes. In this study we show that JC1, a bathochromic mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dye applied at proper concentration, can yield flow cytometry fluorescent emission bivariate plots containing a low JC1 accumulation (JC1low) cohort. Using a combination of multiple cell lines, ABC-transporter inhibitors and viral vector-driven insertion of the ABCG2 gene or ABCG2 and ABCB1 shRNAs we demonstrate that JC1low can be generated by either of the two aforementioned multidrug resistance transporters. Complete wash out of mitochondrial bound JC1 required more than 24 h. In spite of this tight binding, the dye did not affect either the mitochondrial membrane potentials or the proliferation rate. In contrast, contemporaneous with its nuclear accumulation, Hoechst 33342 or DVC, caused changes in the fluorescent emission of mitochondrial membrane potential sensitive dyes resembling the effects caused by the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP. In a number of cell lines exposure to Hoechst resulted in marked slow-down of proliferation and abolition of ABCG2 transport activity during the subsequent 2 days but in K562 cells the exposure induced cell extended death. Overall, its lack of toxicity vis. a vis. the toxicity and genotoxicity of the DNA intercalating dyes makes JC1 an ideal tool for isolating live cells expressing high multidrug resistance transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mario Wolosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aldo Zamudio
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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Statins in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: Rac and Rho, and the heartbreakers. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2564. [PMID: 28102848 PMCID: PMC5386353 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy are at risk to develop life-threatening chronic cardiotoxicity with the pathophysiological mechanism of action not fully understood. Besides the most common hypothesis that anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) is mainly caused by generation of reactive oxygen species, recent data point to a critical role of topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B), which is a primary target of anthracycline poisoning, in the pathophysiology of CHF. As the use of the only clinically approved cardioprotectant dexrazoxane has been limited by the FDA in 2011, there is an urgent need for alternative cardioprotective measures. Statins are anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative drugs that are clinically well established for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. They exhibit pleiotropic beneficial properties beyond cholesterol-lowering effects that most likely rest on the indirect inhibition of small Ras homologous (Rho) GTPases. The Rho GTPase Rac1 has been shown to be a major factor in the regulation of the pro-oxidative NADPH oxidase as well as in the regulation of type II topoisomerase. Both are discussed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of anthracycline-induced CHF. Therefore, off-label use of statins or novel Rac1 inhibitors might represent a promising pharmacological approach to gain control over chronic cardiotoxicity by interfering with key mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiomyocyte cell death.
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Kesler SR, Blayney DW. Neurotoxic Effects of Anthracycline- vs Nonanthracycline-Based Chemotherapy on Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2:185-92. [PMID: 26633037 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chemotherapy exposure is a known risk factor for cancer-related cognitive impairments. Anthracycline-based regimens are commonly used chemotherapies that have been shown to be associated with cognitive impairment and brain changes in clinical studies. OBJECTIVE To directly compare the effects of anthracycline and nonanthracycline regimens on cognitive status and functional brain connectivity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this observational study, we retrospectively examined cognitive and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from 62 primary breast cancer survivors (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [8.5] years) who were more than 2 years off-therapy, on average. Twenty of these women received anthracycline-based chemotherapy as part of their primary treatment, 19 received nonanthracycline regimens, and 23 did not receive any chemotherapy. Participants were enrolled at a single academic institution (Stanford University) from 2008 to 2014, and the study analyses were performed at this time. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cognitive status was measured using standardized neuropsychological tests, and functional brain connectivity was evaluated using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging with a focus on the brain's default mode network. RESULTS The anthracycline group demonstrated significantly lower verbal memory performance including immediate recall (F = 3.73; P = .03) and delayed recall (F = 11.11; P < .001) as well as lower left precuneus connectivity (F = 7.48; P = .001) compared with the other 2 groups. Patient-reported outcomes related to cognitive dysfunction (F = 7.27; P = .002) and psychological distress (F = 5.64; P = .006) were similarly elevated in both chemotherapy groups compared with the non-chemotherapy-treated controls. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results suggest that anthracyclines may have greater negative effects than nonanthracycline regimens on particular cognitive domains and brain network connections. Both anthracycline and nonanthracycline regimens may have nonspecific effects on other cognitive domains as well as certain patient reported outcomes. Further research is needed to identify potential methods for protecting the brain against the effects of various chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli R Kesler
- Department of Neuro-oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Douglas W Blayney
- Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Murphy E, Ardehali H, Balaban RS, DiLisa F, Dorn GW, Kitsis RN, Otsu K, Ping P, Rizzuto R, Sack MN, Wallace D, Youle RJ. Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 118:1960-91. [PMID: 27126807 PMCID: PMC6398603 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this, we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease that are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease; it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Early transcriptional changes in cardiac mitochondria during chronic doxorubicin exposure and mitigation by dexrazoxane in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:68-84. [PMID: 26873546 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of early biomarkers of cardiotoxicity could help initiate means to ameliorate the cardiotoxic actions of clinically useful drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). Since DOX has been shown to target mitochondria, transcriptional levels of mitochondria-related genes were evaluated to identify early candidate biomarkers in hearts of male B6C3F1 mice given a weekly intravenous dose of 3mg/kg DOX or saline (SAL) for 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 weeks (6, 9, 12, 18, or 24 mg/kg cumulative DOX doses, respectively). Also, a group of mice was pretreated (intraperitoneally) with the cardio-protectant, dexrazoxane (DXZ; 60 mg/kg) 30 min before each weekly dose of DOX or SAL. At necropsy a week after the last dose, increased plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were detected at 18 and 24 mg/kg cumulative DOX doses, whereas myocardial alterations were observed only at the 24 mg/kg dose. Of 1019 genes interrogated, 185, 109, 140, 184, and 451 genes were differentially expressed at 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 mg/kg cumulative DOX doses, respectively, compared to concurrent SAL-treated controls. Of these, expression of 61 genes associated with energy metabolism and apoptosis was significantly altered before and after occurrence of myocardial injury, suggesting these as early genomics markers of cardiotoxicity. Much of these DOX-induced transcriptional changes were attenuated by pretreatment of mice with DXZ. Also, DXZ treatment significantly reduced plasma cTnT concentration and completely ameliorated cardiac alterations induced by 24 mg/kg cumulative DOX. This information on early transcriptional changes during DOX treatment may be useful in designing cardioprotective strategies targeting mitochondria.
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Hefti E, Blanco JG. Anthracycline-Related Cardiotoxicity in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Down Syndrome: A Literature Review. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 16:5-13. [PMID: 25616318 PMCID: PMC4514565 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS) are at an increased risk of developing certain cancers. Specifically, patients with DS have a reported 10-20-fold increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Anthracycline-based treatment regimens achieve good results in patients with DS and AML. It has been proposed that DS status constitutes a risk factor for the cardiotoxicity associated with the use of anthracyclines in the pediatric setting. However, published evidence pointing toward an increased risk of cardiotoxicity in patients with DS is relatively scarce and conflictive. This concise review compiles literature relating to the incidence of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity in pediatric patients with DS. In general, reports from trials using anthracyclines at the maximum recommended dose showed increases in the incidence of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity in patients with DS in comparison with trials that used anthracyclines at reduced doses. Evidence from the literature suggests that patients with DS can achieve favorable therapeutic outcomes after receiving treatment with reduced doses of anthracyclines to minimize the potential for cardiotoxicity. Further prospective trials, along with the available evidence, would assist the design of treatment protocols for patients with pediatric leukemias and DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hefti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 470 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Javier G Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 470 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Bisacchi GS, Hale MR. A "Double-Edged" Scaffold: Antitumor Power within the Antibacterial Quinolone. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:520-77. [PMID: 26695512 PMCID: PMC4997924 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666151223095839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the late 1980s, reports emerged describing experimental antibacterial quinolones having significant potency against eukaryotic Type II topoisomerases (topo II) and showing cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. As a result, several pharmaceutical companies initiated quinolone anticancer programs to explore the potential of this class in comparison to conventional human topo II inhibiting antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin and etoposide. In this review, we present a modern re-evaluation of the anticancer potential of the quinolone class in the context of today's predominantly pathway-based (rather than cytotoxicity-based) oncology drug R&D environment. The quinolone eukaryotic SAR is comprehensively discussed, contrasted with the corresponding prokaryotic data, and merged with recent structural biology information which is now beginning to help explain the basis for that SAR. Quinolone topo II inhibitors appear to be much less susceptible to efflux-mediated resistance, a current limitation of therapy with conventional agents. Recent advances in the biological understanding of human topo II isoforms suggest that significant progress might now be made in overcoming two other treatment-limiting disadvantages of conventional topo II inhibitors, namely cardiotoxicity and drug-induced secondary leukemias. We propose that quinolone class topo II inhibitors could have a useful future therapeutic role due to the continued need for effective topo II drugs in many cancer treatment settings, and due to the recent biological and structural advances which can now provide, for the first time, specific guidance for the design of a new class of inhibitors potentially superior to existing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Bisacchi
- Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India.
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Melguizo C, Cabeza L, Prados J, Ortiz R, Caba O, Rama AR, Delgado ÁV, Arias JL. Enhanced antitumoral activity of doxorubicin against lung cancer cells using biodegradable poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:6433-44. [PMID: 26715840 PMCID: PMC4686228 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s92273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used for the combined chemotherapy of solid tumors. However, the use of these drug associations in lung cancer has low antitumor efficacy. To improve its efficacious delivery and activity in lung adenocarcinoma cells, we developed a biodegradable and noncytotoxic nanoplatform based on biodegradable poly(butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA). The reproducible formulation method was based on an anionic polymerization process of the PBCA monomer, with the antitumor drug being entrapped within the nanoparticle (NP) matrix during its formation. Improved drug-entrapment efficiencies and sustained (biphasic) drug-release properties were made possible by taking advantage of the synthesis conditions (drug, monomer, and surfactant-agent concentrations). Dox-loaded NPs significantly enhanced cellular uptake of the drug in the A549 and LL/2 lung cancer cell lines, leading to a significant improvement of the drug's antitumoral activity. In vivo studies demonstrated that Dox-loaded NPs clearly reduced tumor volumes and increased mouse-survival rates compared to the free drug. These results demonstrated that PBCA NPs may be used to optimize the antitumor activity of Dox, thus exhibiting a potential application in chemotherapy against lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center, SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS Granada), SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center, SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center, SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS Granada), SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortiz
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center, SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ; Department of Health Science, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center, SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ; Department of Health Science, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana R Rama
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center, SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ; Department of Health Science, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ángel V Delgado
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Arias
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center, SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS Granada), SAS Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Moulin M, Solgadi A, Veksler V, Garnier A, Ventura-Clapier R, Chaminade P. Sex-specific cardiac cardiolipin remodelling after doxorubicin treatment. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:20. [PMID: 26478810 PMCID: PMC4608149 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imbalance in lipid metabolism and membrane lipid homeostasis has been observed in numerous diseases including heart failure and cardiotoxicity. Growing evidence links phospholipid alterations especially cardiolipins (CLs) to defects in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in heart failure. We have shown recently that doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is more severe in male than female Wistar rats. We aimed to study whether this sex specificity is linked to differences in cardiac phospholipid profiles. Results Adult male and female rats were injected 2 mg/kg doxorubicin weekly for 7 weeks. Cardiac phospholipid molecular species were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry fragmentation (LC)/MSn. Sex difference in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine species containing docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acyl chains was observed, females having more than males. In both sexes, doxorubicin induced an important loss of the main CL(18:2)4, while the level of monolysocardiolipin MLCL(18:2)3 remained stable. However, a severe remodelling appeared in treated rats with the longest CL acyl chains in doxorubicin-treated females, which might compensate for the loss of tetra-linoleoyl CL. The level of oxidized cardiolipin was not particularly increased after doxorubicin treatment. Finally, expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acid appeared to be decreased in doxorubicin-treated males. Conclusions These results emphasize for the first time the cardiac remodelling in the phospholipid classes after doxorubicin treatment. These observations suggest that doxorubicin has a sex-specific impact on the heart phospholipidome especially on cardiolipin, an essential mitochondrial lipid. Further studies are needed to better understand the roles of lipids in the anthracycline cardiotoxicity and sex differences, but phospholipid cardioprotection seems a valuable new additive therapeutic strategy for anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-015-0039-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Moulin
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France ; Current address: Université Paris Diderot, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- SFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique), Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France ; UMS IPSIT Service d'Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne Garnier
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Renée Ventura-Clapier
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- SFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique), Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France ; UMS IPSIT Service d'Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France ; Lip(Sys)2 ex EA4041, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Mordente A, Silvestrini A, Martorana GE, Tavian D, Meucci E. Inhibition of Anthracycline Alcohol Metabolite Formation in Human Heart Cytosol: A Potential Role for Several Promising Drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1691-701. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Gouspillou G, Scheede-Bergdahl C, Spendiff S, Vuda M, Meehan B, Mlynarski H, Archer-Lahlou E, Sgarioto N, Purves-Smith FM, Konokhova Y, Rak J, Chevalier S, Taivassalo T, Hepple RT, Jagoe RT. Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy causes long-term impairment of mitochondrial respiration and increased reactive oxygen species release in skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8717. [PMID: 25732599 PMCID: PMC4346812 DOI: 10.1038/srep08717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer treatments for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are highly effective but are now implicated in causing impaired muscle function in long-term survivors. However, no comprehensive assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions in long-term survivors has been performed and the presence of persistent chemotherapy-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction remains a strong possibility. Non-tumour-bearing mice were treated with two drugs that have been used frequently in ALL treatment (doxorubicin and dexamethasone) for up to 4 cycles at 3-week intervals and euthanized 3 months after the 4th cycle. Treated animals had impaired growth and lower muscle mass as well as reduced mitochondrial respiration and increased reactive oxygen species production per unit oxygen consumption. Mitochondrial DNA content and protein levels of key mitochondrial membrane proteins and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were unchanged, but protein levels of Parkin were reduced. This suggests a novel pattern of chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle that persists because of an acquired defect in mitophagy signaling. The results could explain the observed functional impairments in adult survivors of childhood ALL and may also be relevant to long-term survivors of other cancers treated with similar regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gouspillou
- 1] McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Département de Kinanthropologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Celena Scheede-Bergdahl
- 1] Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sally Spendiff
- 1] McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brian Meehan
- 1] Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heather Mlynarski
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elodie Archer-Lahlou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fennigje M Purves-Smith
- 1] McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yana Konokhova
- 1] McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- 1] Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Tanja Taivassalo
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- 1] McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Thomas Jagoe
- 1] Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Attene-Ramos MS, Huang R, Michael S, Witt KL, Richard A, Tice RR, Simeonov A, Austin CP, Xia M. Profiling of the Tox21 chemical collection for mitochondrial function to identify compounds that acutely decrease mitochondrial membrane potential. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:49-56. [PMID: 25302578 PMCID: PMC4286281 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding whether different environmental chemicals and druglike molecules impact mitochondrial function represents an initial step in predicting exposure-related toxicity and defining a possible role for such compounds in the onset of various diseases. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify individual chemicals and general structural features associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). METHODS We used a multiplexed [two end points in one screen; MMP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content] quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) approach combined with informatics tools to screen the Tox21 library of 10,000 compounds (~ 8,300 unique chemicals) at 15 concentrations each in triplicate to identify chemicals and structural features that are associated with changes in MMP in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Approximately 11% of the compounds (913 unique compounds) decreased MMP after 1 hr of treatment without affecting cell viability (ATP content). In addition, 309 compounds decreased MMP over a concentration range that also produced measurable cytotoxicity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in MMP assay/IC50 in viability assay ≤ 3; p < 0.05]. More than 11% of the structural clusters that constitute the Tox21 library (76 of 651 clusters) were significantly enriched for compounds that decreased the MMP. CONCLUSIONS Our multiplexed qHTS approach allowed us to generate a robust and reliable data set to evaluate the ability of thousands of drugs and environmental compounds to decrease MMP. The use of structure-based clustering analysis allowed us to identify molecular features that are likely responsible for the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias S Attene-Ramos
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Moulin M, Piquereau J, Mateo P, Fortin D, Rucker-Martin C, Gressette M, Lefebvre F, Gresikova M, Solgadi A, Veksler V, Garnier A, Ventura-Clapier R. Sexual Dimorphism of Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:98-108. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality among both men and women with a lower incidence in women before menopause. The clinical use of doxorubicin, widely used as an antineoplastic agent, is markedly hampered by severe cardiotoxicity. Even if there is a significant sex difference in incidence of cardiovascular disease at the adult stage, it is not known whether a difference in doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity between men and women also exists. The objective of this work was to explore the cardiac side effects of doxorubicin in adult rats and decipher whether signaling pathways involved in cardiac toxicity differ between sexes.
Methods and Results—
After 7 weeks of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg per week), males developed major signs of cardiomyopathy with cardiac atrophy, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and 50% mortality. In contrast, no female died and their left ventricular ejection fraction was only moderately affected. Surprisingly, neither global oxidation levels nor the antioxidant response nor the apoptosis signaling pathways were altered by doxorubicin. However, the level of total adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase was severely decreased only in males. Moreover, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiolipin content were strongly reduced only in males. To analyze the onset of the pathology, maximal oxygen consumption rate of left ventricular permeabilized fibers after 4 weeks of treatment was reduced only in doxorubicin-treated males.
Conclusions—
Altogether, these results clearly evidence sex differences in doxorubicin toxicity. Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase seem as critical sites of sex differences in cardiotoxicity as evidenced by significant statistical interactions between sex and treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Moulin
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Jérôme Piquereau
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Philippe Mateo
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Dominique Fortin
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Catherine Rucker-Martin
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Mélanie Gressette
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Milada Gresikova
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Anne Garnier
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
| | - Renée Ventura-Clapier
- From the INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., M.G., F.L., M.G., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); IPSIT-IFR141 Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.M., J.P., P.M., D.F., C.R.-M., M.G., F.L., M.G., A.S., V.V., A.G., R.V.-C.); INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (C.R.-M.); and IPSIT-IFR141 Service d’Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Châtenay-Malabry, France (A.S.)
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Dutta D, Xu J, Dirain MLS, Leeuwenburgh C. Calorie restriction combined with resveratrol induces autophagy and protects 26-month-old rat hearts from doxorubicin-induced toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:252-62. [PMID: 24975655 PMCID: PMC4146714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The multiple beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) on several organs, including the heart, are widely known. Recently, the plant polyphenol resveratrol has been shown to possess several beneficial effects similar to those of CR. Among the host of effects on cardiac muscle, a cellular self-eating process called autophagy has been shown to be induced by both CR and resveratrol. Autophagy is vital in removing dysfunctional organelles and damaged proteins from the cell, thereby maintaining cellular quality control. In this study, we explored whether short-term moderate CR (20%), either alone or in combination with resveratrol, can induce autophagy in the hearts of 26-month-old Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats. Autophagy stimulation was investigated by measuring the protein expression levels of the autophagy proteins beclin-1, Atg5, and p62 and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. We found that 20% CR or resveratrol alone for 6 weeks could not induce autophagy, but 20% CR in combination with 50 mg/kg/day resveratrol resulted in an induction of autophagy in the hearts of 26-month-old rats. Although oxidative stress has been proposed to be an inducer of autophagy, treatment with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin was unable to stimulate autophagy. The enhanced autophagy due to CR + resveratrol was associated with protection from doxorubicin-induced damage, as measured by cardiac apoptotic levels and serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. We propose that a combinatorial approach of low-dose CR and resveratrol has the potential to be used therapeutically to induce autophagy and provides protection against doxorubicin-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinze Xu
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, and University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marvin L S Dirain
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, and University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, and University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Astuti P, Wahyono, Nababan OA. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2014-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Skou AS, Tranebjærg L, Jensen T, Hasle H. Mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA A1555G mutation associated with cardiomyopathy and hearing loss following high-dose chemotherapy and repeated aminoglycoside exposure. J Pediatr 2014; 164:413-5. [PMID: 24252789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 19-month-old girl with the A1555G mitochondrial mutation in the 12S ribosomal RNA gene and acute myelogenous leukemia developed dilated cardiomyopathy and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss before undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. She had received gentamicin during episodes of febrile neutropenia. Testing for the A1555G mutation is recommended in patients frequently treated with aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Skou
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- Department of Audiology, HS Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Wilhelm Johannsen Center for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Finsterer J, Ohnsorge P. Influence of mitochondrion-toxic agents on the cardiovascular system. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Novel aspects of ROS signalling in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:359. [PMID: 23740217 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and many of the conditions that predispose to heart failure are associated with oxidative stress. This is considered to be important in the pathophysiology of the condition but clinical trials of antioxidant approaches to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been unsuccessful. Part of the reason for this may be the failure to appreciate the complexity of the effects of reactive oxygen species. At one extreme, excessive oxidative stress damages membranes, proteins and DNA but lower levels of reactive oxygen species may exert much more subtle and specific regulatory effects (termed redox signalling), even on physiological signalling pathways. In this article, we review our current understanding of the roles of such redox signalling pathways in the pathophysiology of heart failure, including effects on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy signalling, excitation-contraction coupling, arrhythmia, cell viability and energetics. Reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase proteins appear to be especially important in redox signalling. The delineation of specific redox-sensitive pathways and mechanisms that contribute to different components of the failing heart phenotype may facilitate the development of newer targeted therapies as opposed to the failed general antioxidant approaches of the past.
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Bonsignore A, Warburton D. The mechanisms responsible for exercise intolerance in early-stage breast cancer: What role does chemotherapy play? Hong Kong Physiother J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkpj.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Toldo S, Goehe RW, Lotrionte M, Mezzaroma E, Sumner ET, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Seropian IM, Van Tassell BW, Loperfido F, Palazzoni G, Voelkel NF, Abbate A, Gewirtz DA. Comparative cardiac toxicity of anthracyclines in vitro and in vivo in the mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58421. [PMID: 23516478 PMCID: PMC3597611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The antineoplastic efficacy of anthracyclines is limited by their cardiac toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of doxorubicin, non-pegylated liposomal-delivered doxorubicin, and epirubicin in HL-1 adult cardiomyocytes in culture as well as in the mouse in vivo. Methods The cardiomyocytes were incubated with the three anthracyclines (1 µM) to assess reactive oxygen generation, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. CF-1 mice (10/group) received doxorubicin, epirubicin or non-pegylated liposomal-doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) and cardiac function was monitored by Doppler echocardiography to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) both prior to and 10 days after drug treatment. Results In HL-1 cells, non-pegylated liposomal-doxorubicin generated significantly less reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as less DNA damage and apoptosis activation when compared with doxorubicin and epirubicin. Cultured breast tumor cells showed similar sensitivity to the three anthracyclines. In the healthy mouse, non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin showed a minimal and non-significant decrease in LVEF with no change in HR or CO, compared to doxorubicin and epirubicin. Conclusion This study provides evidence for reduced cardiac toxicity of non-pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin characterized by attenuation of ROS generation, DNA damage and apoptosis in comparison to epirubicin and doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- Virginia Commonwealth University Pauley Heart Center and Victoria Johnson Center, Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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