1
|
Feng L, Zhu S, Ma J, Hong Y, Wan M, Qiu Q, Li H, Li J. Integrated bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology to explore the potential mechanism of Patrinia heterophylla Bunge against acute promyelocytic leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35151. [PMID: 37800842 PMCID: PMC10553026 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatment with arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid has greatly improved the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but may cause numerous adverse effects. Patrinia heterophylla Bunge (PHEB), commonly known as "Mu-Tou-Hui" in China, is effective in treating leukemia. However, no studies have reported the use of PHEB for APL treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anticancer mechanism of PHEB against APL. METHODS Public databases were used to search for bioactive compounds in PHEB, their potential targets, differentially expressed genes associated with APL, and therapeutic targets for APL. The core targets and signaling pathways of PHEB against APL were identified by the protein-protein interaction network, Kaplan-Meier curves, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment, and compound-target-pathway network analysis. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding activity between the most active compounds and the key targets. RESULTS Quercetin and 2 other active components of PHEB may exert anti-APL effects through proteoglycans in cancer, estrogen signaling, and acute myeloid leukemia pathways. We also identified 6 core targets of the bioactive compounds of PHEB, including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MAPK3), matrix metalloproteinase-9, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, and myeloperoxidase, most of which were validated to improve the 5-year survival of patients. Molecular docking results showed that the active compound bound well to key targets. CONCLUSION The results not only predict the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanisms of PHEB against APL, but also help to guide further investigation into the anti-APL application of PHEB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Feng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Gansu Province Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Meixia Wan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu F, Chen B, Wang Q, Yang Z, Chu M. Multi-omics data analysis reveals the biological implications of alternative splicing events in lung adenocarcinoma. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2023; 21:2350020. [PMID: 37694487 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720023500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the dysregulation of alternative splicing (AS). However, the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of AS in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are poorly understood. Here, we displayed the AS landscape in LUAD based on the integrated analyses of LUAD's multi-omics data. We identified 13,995 AS events in 6309 genes as differentially expressed alternative splicing events (DEASEs) mainly covering protein-coding genes. These DEASEs were strongly linked to "cancer hallmarks", such as apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune response, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, p53 signaling pathway and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. We further built a regulatory network connecting splicing factors (SFs) and DEASEs. In addition, RNA-binding protein (RBP) mutations that can affect DEASEs were investigated to find some potential cancer drivers. Further association analysis demonstrated that DNA methylation levels were highly correlated with DEASEs. In summary, our results can bring new insight into understanding the mechanism of AS and provide novel biomarkers for personalized medicine of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Hu
- Department of Statistics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bifeng Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Wuhan Puren Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1# Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Man Chu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiang W, Li L, Hong F, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Xie J, Shen G, Wang J, Fang Z, Qi W, Yang X, Gao G, Zhou T. N-cadherin cleavage: A critical function that induces diabetic retinopathy fibrosis via regulation of β-catenin translocation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22878. [PMID: 36939278 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201664rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Retinal fibrosis is a severe pathological change in the late stage of diabetic retinopathy and is also the leading cause of blindness. We have previously revealed that N-cadherin was significantly increased in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice retinas and the fibrovascular membranes from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. However, whether N-cadherin directly induces retinal fibrosis in DR and the related mechanism is unknown. Here, we investigated the pathogenic role of N-cadherin in mediating retinal fibrosis and further explored the relevant therapeutic targets. We found that the level of N-cadherin was significantly increased in PDR patients and STZ-induced diabetic mice and positively correlated with the fibrotic molecules Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) and fibronectin (FN). Moreover, intravitreal injection of N-cadherin adenovirus significantly increased the expression of FN and CTGF in normal mice retinas. Mechanistically, overexpression of N-cadherin promotes N-cadherin cleavage, and N-cadherin cleavage can further induce translocation of non-p-β-catenin in the nucleus and upregulation of fibrotic molecules. Furthermore, we found a novel N-cadherin cleavage inhibitor, pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), which ameliorated the N-cadherin cleavage and subsequent retinal fibrosis in diabetic mice. Thus, our findings provide novel evidence that elevated N-cadherin level not only acts as a classic EMT maker but also plays a causative role in diabetic retinal fibrosis, and targeting N-cadherin cleavage may provide a strategy to inhibit retinal fibrosis in DR patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Li K, Zhou L, Qiao H, Xu Q, Zhao J. The Role of Ferroptosis in Blood-Brain Barrier Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:223-236. [PMID: 35106665 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important barrier that maintains homeostasis within the central nervous system. Brain microvascular endothelial cells are arranged to form vessel walls and express tight junctional complexes that limit the paracellular pathways of the BBB and therefore play a crucial role in ensuring brain function. These vessel walls tightly regulate the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain, which protect the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens. Primary damage caused by BBB dysfunction can disrupt the expression of tight junctions, transport proteins and leukocyte adhesion molecules, leading to brain edema, disturbances in ion homeostasis, altered signaling and immune infiltration, which can lead to neuronal cell death. Various neurological diseases are known to cause BBB dysfunction, but the mechanism that causes this disorder is not clear. Recently, ferroptosis has been found to play an important role in BBB dysfunction. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulatory cell death, which is caused by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes the role of ferroptosis in BBB dysfunction and the latest progress of ferroptosis mechanism, and further discusses the influence of various factors of ferroptosis on the severity and prognosis of BBB dysfunction, which may provide better therapeutic targets for BBB dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haoduo Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silver JT, Wirtz-Peitz F, Simões S, Pellikka M, Yan D, Binari R, Nishimura T, Li Y, Harris TJC, Perrimon N, Tepass U. Apical polarity proteins recruit the RhoGEF Cysts to promote junctional myosin assembly. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3397-3414. [PMID: 31409654 PMCID: PMC6781438 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver et al. show that the RhoGEF Cysts links apical polarity proteins to Rho1 and myosin activation at adherens junctions to support junctional and epithelial integrity in the Drosophila ectoderm. The spatio-temporal regulation of small Rho GTPases is crucial for the dynamic stability of epithelial tissues. However, how RhoGTPase activity is controlled during development remains largely unknown. To explore the regulation of Rho GTPases in vivo, we analyzed the Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) Cysts, the Drosophila orthologue of mammalian p114RhoGEF, GEF-H1, p190RhoGEF, and AKAP-13. Loss of Cysts causes a phenotype that closely resembles the mutant phenotype of the apical polarity regulator Crumbs. This phenotype can be suppressed by the loss of basolateral polarity proteins, suggesting that Cysts is an integral component of the apical polarity protein network. We demonstrate that Cysts is recruited to the apico-lateral membrane through interactions with the Crumbs complex and Bazooka/Par3. Cysts activates Rho1 at adherens junctions and stabilizes junctional myosin. Junctional myosin depletion is similar in Cysts- and Crumbs-compromised embryos. Together, our findings indicate that Cysts is a downstream effector of the Crumbs complex and links apical polarity proteins to Rho1 and myosin activation at adherens junctions, supporting junctional integrity and epithelial polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Silver
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sérgio Simões
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milena Pellikka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Binari
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony J C Harris
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ulrich Tepass
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Multicellular animals face the principle challenge to deal with two distinct compartments: the internal organismal compartment and the external environment. This challenge is met by the differentiation of cell sheets into epithelia, which provide a dynamic barrier in tissues, organs, and organisms. Cell polarity is key to all functions of epithelia, and compromising polarity causes many severe diseases. Within the past 20 years, research on Drosophila melanogaster discovered a conserved molecular machinery that controls epithelial polarity. Recent findings suggest that the textbook Drosophila-based paradigm of the control of epithelial polarity may not be as universal as previously assumed. This Primer discusses recent research showing that the midgut epithelium of the adult fruit fly differs dramatically from the canonical modes of epithelial cell polarity in main features of its cytoarchitecture and its molecular control mechanisms.
Collapse
|
7
|
Morris G, Fernandes BS, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Leaky brain in neurological and psychiatric disorders: Drivers and consequences. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:924-948. [PMID: 30231628 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418796955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly regulated interface; its dysfunction may exacerbate, and perhaps initiate, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS In this narrative review, focussing on redox, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways and their effects on the blood-brain barrier, a model is proposed detailing mechanisms which might explain how increases in blood-brain barrier permeability occur and can be maintained with increasing inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress being the initial drivers. RESULTS Peripheral inflammation, which is causatively implicated in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, is associated with elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, play essential roles in normal brain capillary endothelial cell functioning; however, chronically elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to the blood-brain barrier. Activated microglia, redox control of which is mediated by nitric oxide synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, secrete neurotoxic molecules such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin, cyclooxygenase-2, quinolinic acid, several chemokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α]) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which can exert a detrimental effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and function. Similarly, reactive astrocytes produce neurotoxic molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can cause a 'leaky brain'. CONCLUSION Chronic inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress is associated with the development of a 'leaky gut'. The following evidence-based approaches, which address the leaky gut and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, are suggested as potential therapeutic interventions for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: melatonin, statins, probiotics containing Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, N-acetylcysteine, and prebiotics containing fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- 3 Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Walker
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- 2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,4 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sapich S, Hittinger M, Hendrix-Jastrzebski R, Repnik U, Griffiths G, May T, Wirth D, Bals R, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM. Murine alveolar epithelial cells and their lentivirus-mediated immortalisation. Altern Lab Anim 2018; 46:73-89. [PMID: 29856645 DOI: 10.1177/026119291804600207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the isolation and immortalisation of primary murine alveolar epithelial cells (mAEpC), as well as their epithelial differentiation and barrier properties when grown on Transwell® inserts. Like human alveolar epithelial cells (hAEpC), mAEpC transdifferentiate in vitro from an alveolar type II (ATII) phenotype to an ATI-like phenotype and exhibit features of the air-blood barrier, such as the establishment of a thin monolayer with functional tight junctions (TJs). This is demonstrated by the expression of TJ proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) and the development of high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), peaking at 1800Ω ·cm². Transport across the air-blood barrier, for general toxicity assessments or preclinical drug development, is typically studied in mice. The aim of this work was the generation of novel immortalised murine lung cell lines, to help meet Three Rs requirements in experimental testing and research. To achieve this goal, we lentivirally transduced mAEpC of two different mouse strains with a library of 33 proliferation-promoting genes. With this immortalisation approach, we obtained two murine alveolar epithelial lentivirus-immortalised (mAELVi) cell lines. Both showed similar TJ protein localisation, but exhibited less prominent barrier properties (TEERmax ~250Ω·cm²) when compared to their primary counterparts. While mAEpC demonstrated their suitability for use in the assessment of paracellular transport rates, mAELVi cells could potentially replace mice for the prediction of acute inhalation toxicity during early ADMET studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sapich
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI ), Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Remi Hendrix-Jastrzebski
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI ), Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Dagmar Wirth
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection and Immunity (MSYS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Experimental Haematology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI ), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI ), Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mendoza-Ortíz MA, Murillo-Maldonado JM, Riesgo-Escovar JR. aaquetzalli is required for epithelial cell polarity and neural tissue formation in Drosophila. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5042. [PMID: 29942698 PMCID: PMC6015755 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenetic movements during embryogenesis require dynamic changes in epithelial cell polarity and cytoskeletal reorganization. Such changes involve, among others, rearrangements of cell-cell contacts and protein traffic. In Drosophila melanogaster, neuroblast delamination during early neurogenesis is a well-characterized process requiring a polarized neuroepithelium, regulated by the Notch signaling pathway. Maintenance of epithelial cell polarity ensues proper Notch pathway activation during neurogenesis. We characterize here aaquetzalli (aqz), a gene whose mutations affect cell polarity and nervous system specification. The aqz locus encodes a protein that harbors a domain with significant homology to a proline-rich conserved domain of nuclear receptor co-activators. aqz expression occurs at all stages of the fly life cycle, and is dynamic. aqz mutants are lethal, showing a disruption of cell polarity during embryonic ventral neuroepithelium differentiation resulting in loss of epithelial integrity and mislocalization of membrane proteins (shown by mislocalization of Crumbs, DE-Cadherin, and Delta). As a consequence, aqz mutant embryos with compromised apical-basal cell polarity develop spotty changes of neuronal and epithelial numbers of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Mendoza-Ortíz
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Juan M Murillo-Maldonado
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Juan R Riesgo-Escovar
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rink JC. Stem Cells, Patterning and Regeneration in Planarians: Self-Organization at the Organismal Scale. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1774:57-172. [PMID: 29916155 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of size and shape remains a fundamental challenge in biological research that planarian flatworms uniquely epitomize. Planarians can regenerate complete and perfectly proportioned animals from tiny and arbitrarily shaped tissue pieces; they continuously renew all organismal cell types from abundant pluripotent stem cells, yet maintain shape and anatomy in the face of constant turnover; they grow when feeding and literally degrow when starving, while scaling form and function over as much as a 40-fold range in body length or an 800-fold change in total cell numbers. This review provides a broad overview of the current understanding of the planarian stem cell system, the mechanisms that pattern the planarian body plan and how the interplay between patterning signals and cell fate choices orchestrates regeneration. What emerges is a conceptual framework for the maintenance and regeneration of the planarian body plan on basis of the interplay between pluripotent stem cells and self-organizing patterns and further, the general utility of planarians as model system for the mechanistic basis of size and shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen C Rink
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gloushankova NA, Rubtsova SN, Zhitnyak IY. Cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions in normal and cancer cells. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1356900. [PMID: 28783415 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1356900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are molecular complexes that mediate cell-cell adhesive interactions and play pivotal roles in maintenance of tissue organization in adult organisms and at various stages of development. AJs consist of cadherin adhesion receptors, providing homophilic ligation with cadherins on adjacent cells, and members of the catenin protein family: p120, β- and α-catenin. α-catenin's linkage with the actin cytoskeleton defines the linear or punctate organization of AJs in different cell types. Myosin II-dependent tension drives vinculin recruitment by α-catenin and stabilizes the linkage of the cadherin/catenin complex to F-actin. Neoplastic transformation leads to prominent changes in the organization, regulation and stability of AJs. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) whereby epithelial cells lose stable cell-cell adhesion, and reorganize their cytoskeleton to acquire migratory activity, plays the central role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Recent data demonstrated that a partial EMT resulting in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype with retention of E-cadherin is essential for cancer cell dissemination. E-cadherin and E-cadherin-based AJs are required for collective invasion and migration, survival in circulation, and metastatic outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A Gloushankova
- a Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - Svetlana N Rubtsova
- a Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - Irina Y Zhitnyak
- a Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jian MY, Liu Y, Li Q, Wolkowicz P, Alexeyev M, Zmijewski J, Creighton J. N-cadherin coordinates AMP kinase-mediated lung vascular repair. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L71-85. [PMID: 26545901 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00227.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the pulmonary circulation compromises endothelial barrier function and increases lung edema. Resolution of lung damage involves restoring barrier integrity, a process requiring reestablishment of endothelial cell-cell adhesions. However, mechanisms underlying repair in lung endothelium are poorly understood. In pulmonary microvascular endothelium, AMP kinase α1 (AMPKα1) stimulation enhances recovery of the endothelial barrier after LPS-induced vascular damage. AMPKα1 colocalizes to a discrete membrane compartment with the adhesion protein neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin). This study sought to determine N-cadherin's role in the repair process. Short-hairpin RNA against full-length N-cadherin or a C-terminally truncated N-cadherin, designed to disrupt the cadherin's interactions with intracellular proteins, were expressed in lung endothelium. Disruption of N-cadherin's intracellular domain caused translocation of AMPK away from the membrane and attenuated AMPK-mediated restoration of barrier function in LPS-treated endothelium. AMPK activity measurements indicated that lower basal AMPK activity in cells expressing the truncated N-cadherin compared with controls. Moreover, the AMPK stimulator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) failed to increase AMPK activity in cells expressing the modified N-cadherin, indicating uncoupling of a functional association between AMPK and the cadherin. Isolated lung studies confirmed a physiologic role for this pathway in vivo. AMPK activation reversed LPS-induced increase in permeability, whereas N-cadherin inhibition hindered AMPK-mediated repair. Thus N-cadherin coordinates the vascular protective actions of AMPK through a functional link with the kinase. This study provides insight into intrinsic repair mechanisms in the lung and supports AMPK stimulation as a modality for treating vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Center for Lung Injury and Repair
| | - Yanping Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, and
| | | | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile
| | - Jaroslaw Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Judy Creighton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Center for Lung Injury and Repair,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Epithelial Cadherin Determines Resistance to Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in Atlantic Salmon. Genetics 2015; 200:1313-26. [PMID: 26041276 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the cause of one of the most prevalent diseases in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A quantitative trait locus (QTL) has been found to be responsible for most of the genetic variation in resistance to the virus. Here we describe how a linkage disequilibrium-based test for deducing the QTL allele was developed, and how it was used to produce IPN-resistant salmon, leading to a 75% decrease in the number of IPN outbreaks in the salmon farming industry. Furthermore, we describe how whole-genome sequencing of individuals with deduced QTL genotypes was used to map the QTL down to a region containing an epithelial cadherin (cdh1) gene. In a coimmunoprecipitation assay, the Cdh1 protein was found to bind to IPNV virions, strongly indicating that the protein is part of the machinery used by the virus for internalization. Immunofluorescence revealed that the virus colocalizes with IPNV in the endosomes of homozygous susceptible individuals but not in the endosomes of homozygous resistant individuals. A putative causal single nucleotide polymorphism was found within the full-length cdh1 gene, in phase with the QTL in all observed haplotypes except one; the absence of a single, all-explaining DNA polymorphism indicates that an additional causative polymorphism may contribute to the observed QTL genotype patterns. Cdh1 has earlier been shown to be necessary for the internalization of certain bacteria and fungi, but this is the first time the protein is implicated in internalization of a virus.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fujiwara M, Fujimura K, Obata S, Yanagibashi R, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, T. Suzuki S. Epithelial DLD-1 Cells with Disrupted E-cadherin Gene Retain the Ability to Form Cell Junctions and Apico-basal Polarity. Cell Struct Funct 2015; 40:79-94. [DOI: 10.1247/csf.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Fujiwara
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Kihito Fujimura
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Shuichi Obata
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Ryo Yanagibashi
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Shintaro T. Suzuki
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| |
Collapse
|